Fig. 5. A 21-year-old woman with a molar pregnancy. (A) Sagittal and coronal transvaginal sonography images, and (B) sagittal, T2-weighted pelvic MR images showing a heterogeneous molar mass at the time of preliminary diagnosis. At follow-up, the disease progressed to choriocarcinoma. (C) Axial chest CT scan with a lung window showing metastatic nodules; (D) pelvic CT scan when choriocarcinoma was diagnosed shows a heterogeneous mass in the endometrial cavity.

Fig

A

old

woman

with

a

molar

pregnancy

A

Sagittal

and

coronal

transvaginal

sonography

images

and

B

sagittal

pelvic

MR

images

showing

a

heterogeneous

molar

mass

at

the

time

of

preliminary

diagnosis

At

follow

up

the

disease

progressed

to

choriocarcinoma

C

Axial

chest

CT

scan

with

a

lung

window

showing

metastatic

nodules

D

pelvic

CT

scan

when

choriocarcinoma

was

diagnosed

shows

a

heterogeneous

mass

in

the

endometrial

cavity


Figure 8. Axial perfusion rate maps obtained by FAIR True-FISP with (a) and without (b) the dual navigator-gated technique in the same scale. The kidneys are clearly delineated in the dual navigator-gated FAIR True-FISP perfusion image (a). The perfusion values in (b) (without navigator gating) are overestimated because of respiratory motion. Reprinted with permission from John Willy and Sons (88).

Figure

Axial

perfusion

rate

maps

obtained

by

FAIR

True

FISP

with

a

and

without

b

the

dual

navigator

gated

technique

in

the

same

scale

The

kidneys

are

clearly

delineated

in

the

dual

navigator

gated

FAIR

True

FISP

perfusion

image

a

The

perfusion

values

in

b

without

navigator

gating

are

overestimated

because

of

respiratory

motion

Reprinted

with

permission

from

John

Willy

and

Sons


Fig 3. Three-dimensional CT of the aneurysm. A, The aneurysm is located between the exostosis and the popliteal artery. B, A small hole is shown in the popliteal artery that resulted in the pseudoaneurysm.

Fig

Three

dimensional

CT

of

the

aneurysm

A

The

aneurysm

is

located

between

the

exostosis

and

the

popliteal

artery

B

A

small

hole

is

shown

in

the

popliteal

artery

that

resulted

in

the

pseudoaneurysm


FIG 3. (a) Diffusion-weighted imaging (b value=1000 s/mm2) shows hyperintense lesions at the pons (arrow) and bilateral cerebellum (arrowheads). (b) The apparent diffusion

FIG

a

Diffusion

weighted

imaging

b

s

shows

hyperintense

lesions

at

the

pons

arrow

and

bilateral

cerebellum

arrowheads

b

The

apparent

diffusion


Fig. 10 A 46-year-old man with no significant medical history presents with abdominal pain and low-grade fever. (a) An axial CT abdomen postcontrast image demonstrates ill-defined fat stranding (arrow) surrounding the proximal abdominal aorta at the level of the celiac artery origin. (b) A follow-up axial post-contrast CT scan of the abdomen performed 3 days later for worsening abdominal pain shows an interval increase in the severity of periaortic fat stranding (arrows). (c) A further follow-up axial

Fig

A

old

man

with

no

significant

medical

history

presents

with

abdominal

pain

and

low

grade

fever

a

An

axial

CT

abdomen

postcontrast

image

demonstrates

ill

defined

fat

stranding

arrow

surrounding

the

proximal

abdominal

aorta

at

the

level

of

the

celiac

artery

origin

b

A

follow

up

axial

post

contrast

CT

scan

of

the

abdomen

performed

days

later

for

worsening

abdominal

pain

shows

an

interval

increase

in

the

severity

of

periaortic

fat

stranding

arrows

c

A

further

follow

up

axial


Fig. 2 MRI in VZV vasculopathy and myelopathy. a Multifocal VZV vasculopathy is characterized by superficial and deep-seated lesions, typically at gray-white matter junctions (arrows). b VZV myelopathy is characterized by longitudinal serpiginous lesions in the spinal cord (arrow). (Permission granted from Neurology Clinical Practice)

Fig

MRI

in

VZV

vasculopathy

and

myelopathy

a

Multifocal

VZV

vasculopathy

is

characterized

by

superficial

and

deep

seated

lesions

typically

at

gray

white

matter

junctions

arrows

b

VZV

myelopathy

is

characterized

by

longitudinal

serpiginous

lesions

in

the

spinal

cord

arrow

Permission

granted

from

Neurology

Clinical

Practice


Fig. 2. Intersegmental plane depicted on iodized-oil CT in a 61-year-old female with hepatocellular carcinoma in the left lateral segment. A. Portal venous phase CT image shows the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. B. Small peripheral rim-enhancing tumor nodule with central low attenuation (arrows) is noted in the section below the umbilical portion. C. Proper hepatic arteriogram shows the small tumor staining below the S3 hepatic artery. However, selective S3 hepatic arteriogram (no figure shown) shows no tumor staining. D. Selective S2 hepatic arteriogram shows the tumor staining. Segmental chemoembolization of S2 was performed. E. Sagittal multiplanar reformation image of thin-section iodized-oil CT performed immediately after segmental chemoembolization shows the segmental distribution of the iodized oil in S2 and dense iodized oil uptake to the tumor without any defect (arrow). F. The intersegmental plane between S2 and S3 (thin continuous line) was almost vertical (angle: -2 degree). ‘+’ was defined as the

Fig

Intersegmental

plane

depicted

on

iodized

oil

CT

in

a

old

female

with

hepatocellular

carcinoma

in

the

left

lateral

segment

A.

Portal

venous

phase

CT

image

shows

the

umbilical

portion

of

the

left

portal

vein

B.

Small

peripheral

rim

enhancing

tumor

nodule

with

central

low

attenuation

arrows

is

noted

in

the

section

below

the

umbilical

portion

C.

Proper

hepatic

arteriogram

shows

the

small

tumor

staining

below

the

hepatic

artery

However

selective

hepatic

arteriogram

no

figure

shown

shows

no

tumor

staining

D.

Selective

hepatic

arteriogram

shows

the

tumor

staining

Segmental

chemoembolization

of

was

performed

E.

Sagittal

multiplanar

reformation

image

of

thin

section

iodized

oil

CT

performed

immediately

after

segmental

chemoembolization

shows

the

segmental

distribution

of

the

iodized

oil

in

and

dense

iodized

oil

uptake

to

the

tumor

without

any

defect

arrow

F.

The

intersegmental

plane

between

and

thin

continuous

line

was

almost

vertical

angle

degree

was

defined

as

the


Figure 8: Phantom scanned with eight different X-ray source currents with the same peak voltage: top left to right 5, 10, 25, and 50 mAs and bottom left to right 100, 150, 200, and 250 mAs.

Figure

Phantom

scanned

with

eight

different

X

ray

source

currents

with

the

same

peak

voltage

top

left

to

right

and

mAs

and

bottom

left

to

right

and

mAs


Fig. 1 Organization of colony and zooids in Crisia eburnea. Photographs of live animals (a-b) and semithin sections (C-E). a A part of colony. b The same colony in higher magnification: tentacles and pores (arrowheads) in the wall of cystids are visible. c Sagittal longitudinal section of distal portion of zooid; tentacles semi-retracted. d Eight tentacles in the cross section. e Cross section of two branches of the digestive tract. Abbreviations: a – anus; as – atrial sphincter; ca – cardia; cae – caecum; cl – calcified layer; cg – cerebral ganglion; ec – epidermis; es – esophagus; int – intestine; lph – lophophore; mo – mouth; ms – membranous sac; pe – unmineralized cuticle; ph – pharynx; py - pylorus; t – tentacle; ts – tentacle sheath; z – zooid

Fig

Organization

of

colony

and

zooids

in

Crisia

eburnea

Photographs

of

live

animals

a

b

and

semithin

sections

C

E

a

A

part

of

colony

b

The

same

colony

in

higher

magnification

tentacles

and

pores

arrowheads

in

the

wall

of

cystids

are

visible

c

Sagittal

longitudinal

section

of

distal

portion

of

zooid

tentacles

semi

retracted

d

Eight

tentacles

in

the

cross

section

e

Cross

section

of

two

branches

of

the

digestive

tract

Abbreviations

a

anus

as

atrial

sphincter

ca

cardia

cae

caecum

cl

calcified

layer

cg

cerebral

ganglion

ec

epidermis

es

esophagus

int

intestine

lph

lophophore

mo

mouth

ms

membranous

sac

pe

unmineralized

cuticle

ph

pharynx

py

pylorus

t

tentacle

ts

tentacle

sheath

z

zooid


Figure 2. One-millimeter axial images from high-resolution computed tomography of the chest. A, Soft tissue window image shows bilateral dependent lung consolidation with focal areas of low attenuation (arrows). B, Lung window image shows areas adjacent to consolidation with smooth interlobular septal thickening and superimposed ground-glass opacity (crazy-paving pattern [arrow]).

Figure

One

millimeter

axial

images

from

high

resolution

computed

tomography

of

the

chest

A

Soft

tissue

window

image

shows

bilateral

dependent

lung

consolidation

with

focal

areas

of

low

attenuation

arrows

B

Lung

window

image

shows

areas

adjacent

to

consolidation

with

smooth

interlobular

septal

thickening

and

superimposed

ground

glass

opacity

crazy

paving

pattern

arrow


Fig. 1 A 38-year-old patient with grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast pT2, pN2, M0. Illustration of the acquisition protocol of PET/MR and PET/CT examinations. Whole-body Dixon T1W MRI (a) with corresponding PET (b) and fusion PET/MR images (c) in the supine position, followed by dedicated breast MRI (d) with corresponding PET (e) acquisition and fused PET/MR (f) in the prone position and late PET/CT (g, h, i) supine acquisitions. Notice the mass lesion of the inner upper quadrant (arrows in all images). The lesion is detected on enhanced breast MRI (d) because of its contrast uptake. It is also clearly visible on PET in all three acquisitions (b, e, h) because of its intense metabolism. However, as expected, it is almost invisible on both unenhanced T1W MR (a) and unenhanced CT (g)

Fig

A

old

patient

with

grade

invasive

ductal

carcinoma

of

the

right

breast

Illustration

of

the

acquisition

protocol

of

PET

MR

and

PET

CT

examinations

Whole

body

Dixon

MRI

a

with

corresponding

PET

b

and

fusion

PET

MR

images

c

in

the

supine

position

followed

by

dedicated

breast

MRI

d

with

corresponding

PET

e

acquisition

and

fused

PET

MR

f

in

the

prone

position

and

late

PET

CT

g

h

i

supine

acquisitions

Notice

the

mass

lesion

of

the

inner

upper

quadrant

arrows

in

all

images

The

lesion

is

detected

on

enhanced

breast

MRI

d

because

of

its

contrast

uptake

It

is

also

clearly

visible

on

PET

in

all

three

acquisitions

b

e

h

because

of

its

intense

metabolism

However

as

expected

it

is

almost

invisible

on

both

unenhanced

MR

a

and

unenhanced

CT

g


Figure 2. Transverse images show HCC in a 51-year-old man. Images were arranged to depict the same lesion at the same level in the anterior segment of the right hepatic lobe. Transverse dual-phase spiral CT scans show that the lesion is inhomogeneously enhanced on the image obtained during the (a) arterial phase and predominantly hypoattenuating on the image obtained during the (b) portal venous phase. Despite these features, readers of the dual-phase spiral CT scans classified this as a benign lesion. (c) T1-weighted (170/4.4; flip angle, 80°) Mn-DPDP– enhanced MR image shows marked, slightly inhomogeneous enhancement. The conspicuity of the lesion (white arrow) greatly improved because of the presence of an unenhanced hypointense rim (tumor capsule) marking the border of the lesion. Readers of the Mn-DPDP–enhanced MR images classified this lesion as HCC, which was histopathologically confirmed.

Figure

Transverse

images

show

HCC

in

a

old

man

Images

were

arranged

to

depict

the

same

lesion

at

the

same

level

in

the

anterior

segment

of

the

right

hepatic

lobe

Transverse

dual

phase

spiral

CT

scans

show

that

the

lesion

is

inhomogeneously

enhanced

on

the

image

obtained

during

the

a

arterial

phase

and

predominantly

hypoattenuating

on

the

image

obtained

during

the

b

portal

venous

phase

Despite

these

features

readers

of

the

dual

phase

spiral

CT

scans

classified

this

as

a

benign

lesion

c

flip

angle

Mn

DPDP

enhanced

MR

image

shows

marked

slightly

inhomogeneous

enhancement

The

conspicuity

of

the

lesion

white

arrow

greatly

improved

because

of

the

presence

of

an

unenhanced

hypointense

rim

tumor

capsule

marking

the

border

of

the

lesion

Readers

of

the

Mn

DPDP

enhanced

MR

images

classified

this

lesion

as

HCC

which

was

histopathologically

confirmed


Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs illustrating the toughening mechanisms during crack growth in human coronal dentin. (a) crack extension in inner dentin. The crack primarily extends from lumen to lumen as shown with the white arrows. Some degree of peritubular microcraking is also observed at the crack tip as outlined (white encircled area). (b) Micrograph showing the presence of ligaments bridging the crack in inner dentin (arrows). Notice that the majority of bridging involves bundles of tubules as evident at this lower magnification. (c) Microcracking of the peritubular cuffs is prevalent in central dentin as shown in the highlighted region of the crack wake; (d) example of ligaments bridging the crack and microcracks observed during crack growth in outer dentin.

Fig

Scanning

electron

micrographs

illustrating

the

toughening

mechanisms

during

crack

growth

in

human

coronal

dentin

a

crack

extension

in

inner

dentin

The

crack

primarily

extends

from

lumen

to

lumen

as

shown

with

the

white

arrows

Some

degree

of

peritubular

microcraking

is

also

observed

at

the

crack

tip

as

outlined

white

encircled

area

b

Micrograph

showing

the

presence

of

ligaments

bridging

the

crack

in

inner

dentin

arrows

Notice

that

the

majority

of

bridging

involves

bundles

of

tubules

as

evident

at

this

lower

magnification

c

Microcracking

of

the

peritubular

cuffs

is

prevalent

in

central

dentin

as

shown

in

the

highlighted

region

of

the

crack

wake

d

example

of

ligaments

bridging

the

crack

and

microcracks

observed

during

crack

growth

in

outer

dentin


Figure 1 Left pelvic ureteral injury during hysterectomy managed by retrograde ureteral stenting. (A) A 55-year-old woman, 4 weeks postvaginal hysterectomy, with vaginal leakage of urine. Left retrograde ureterogram demonstrates extravasation from the left pelvic ureter. (B) Internalized double pigtail ureteral stent was successfully placed with cystoscopic guidance. (C) Six weeks later, retrograde ureterogram shows complete healing of the ureter. Subsequent imaging showed no stricture or obstruction.

Figure

Left

pelvic

ureteral

injury

during

hysterectomy

managed

by

retrograde

ureteral

stenting

A

A

old

woman

weeks

postvaginal

hysterectomy

with

vaginal

leakage

of

urine

Left

retrograde

ureterogram

demonstrates

extravasation

from

the

left

pelvic

ureter

B

Internalized

double

pigtail

ureteral

stent

was

successfully

placed

with

cystoscopic

guidance

C

Six

weeks

later

retrograde

ureterogram

shows

complete

healing

of

the

ureter

Subsequent

imaging

showed

no

stricture

or

obstruction


Fig. 3 Transverse sections in rat retina at 7 days after KA injection using H-E staining. In control retina, five, well organized retinal layers are seen (A). In the KA-injected group, the thickness of retina is markedly reduced due to loss of internal nuclear (INL) and internal plexiform layers (IPL) (B). Conserved retinal layers in KA-injected group treated with Citicoline (C)

Fig

Transverse

sections

in

rat

retina

at

days

after

KA

injection

using

H

E

staining

In

control

retina

five

well

organized

retinal

layers

are

seen

A

In

the

KA

injected

group

the

thickness

of

retina

is

markedly

reduced

due

to

loss

of

internal

nuclear

INL

and

internal

plexiform

layers

IPL

B

Conserved

retinal

layers

in

KA

injected

group

treated

with

Citicoline

C


Figure 6. Double immunofluorescence for tubulin (A and C) and for centrosome (B and D) on cells treated with CD alone (A and B) and with both CD and TX (C and D). Note that in both cases, Mts are present in the extensions and originate from the centrosome which has an axial position (arrows, A and C). The apparently larger cell on the right in C and D was near the edge of the coverslip and thus pulled apart in all directions by capillary forces: one can see that Mts run close to the cell surface. Bars, 10 #m.

Figure

Double

immunofluorescence

for

tubulin

A

and

C

and

for

centrosome

B

and

D

on

cells

treated

with

CD

alone

A

and

B

and

with

both

CD

and

TX

C

and

D

Note

that

in

both

cases

Mts

are

present

in

the

extensions

and

originate

from

the

centrosome

which

has

an

axial

position

arrows

A

and

C

The

apparently

larger

cell

on

the

right

in

C

and

D

was

near

the

edge

of

the

coverslip

and

thus

pulled

apart

in

all

directions

by

capillary

forces

one

can

see

that

Mts

run

close

to

the

cell

surface

Bars

m.


Figure 1. A CT scan showing a combined left basal ganglia hematoma (Figure 1, A) when the patient developed motor weakness in his right extremities during initial admission. A CT scan on second admission revealed a larger left basal ganglia hematoma (Figure 1, B).

Figure

A

CT

scan

showing

a

combined

left

basal

ganglia

hematoma

Figure

A

when

the

patient

developed

motor

weakness

in

his

right

extremities

during

initial

admission

A

CT

scan

on

second

admission

revealed

a

larger

left

basal

ganglia

hematoma

Figure

B


Figure 6 NF-kB and p38 MAP kinase activation in cultured astrocytes exposed to purified myelin. (A) Nuclear translocation (Hoechst dye 33342, cyan) of the NF-kB subunit p65 (a' and b', red) after 2 h of exposure with myelin debris (b and b') in GFAPlabelled astrocytes (a and b, grey). (B) astroglial p65 phosphorylation (flow cytometry); (C) time course (0-60 min) of IkBa degradation with maximum after 45 min of myelin exposure (flow cytometry). (C') Blockade of IkBa degradation after 45 min of myelin exposure by pretreatment with Dynasore (0.1 mM in 1:500 DMSO, 30 min). (D) Increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK after stimulation with myelin for 45 min and partial block after pretreatment with Dynasore (open black; 0.1 mM in 1:500 DMSO, 30 min; flow cytometry). DMSO (1:500) alone has no effect on IkBa degradation or p38 phosphorylation (data not shown). (B-D) Representative graphs and heat maps from three independent experiments are shown. (E) Transient increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation after myelin exposure demonstrated by western blot. Scale bars = 15mm in A.

Figure

NF

kB

and

MAP

kinase

activation

in

cultured

astrocytes

exposed

to

purified

myelin

A

Nuclear

translocation

Hoechst

dye

cyan

of

the

NF

kB

subunit

a

and

b

red

after

h

of

exposure

with

myelin

debris

b

and

b

in

GFAPlabelled

astrocytes

a

and

b

grey

B

astroglial

phosphorylation

flow

cytometry

C

time

course

min

of

IkBa

degradation

with

maximum

after

min

of

myelin

exposure

flow

cytometry

C

Blockade

of

IkBa

degradation

after

min

of

myelin

exposure

by

pretreatment

with

Dynasore

mM

in

DMSO

min

D

Increased

phosphorylation

of

MAPK

after

stimulation

with

myelin

for

min

and

partial

block

after

pretreatment

with

Dynasore

open

black

mM

in

DMSO

min

flow

cytometry

DMSO

alone

has

no

effect

on

IkBa

degradation

or

phosphorylation

data

not

shown

B

D

Representative

graphs

and

heat

maps

from

three

independent

experiments

are

shown

E

Transient

increase

in

MAPK

phosphorylation

after

myelin

exposure

demonstrated

by

western

blot

Scale

bars

mm

in

A.


Figure 1 (a): Plain CT scan of ethmoid region (axial section) showing hyperdensity with erosion of bony trabaculae; sinus occupied with heterogenous mass showing hyperdense lesions. (b): Contrast enhanced CT scan of maxilla (axial section showing hyperdense shadow in right maxillary sinus and hypodense inspissated secretions in left maxillary sinus and nasal cavity.

Figure

a

Plain

CT

scan

of

ethmoid

region

axial

section

showing

hyperdensity

with

erosion

of

bony

trabaculae

sinus

occupied

with

heterogenous

mass

showing

hyperdense

lesions

b

Contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

of

maxilla

axial

section

showing

hyperdense

shadow

in

right

maxillary

sinus

and

hypodense

inspissated

secretions

in

left

maxillary

sinus

and

nasal

cavity


Fig. 3. Anatomical scans. An axial plane of the T1w, T2w scans, and the mask used for ear (blue arrow) and face (white arrows) stripping are shown.

Fig

Anatomical

scans

An

axial

plane

of

the

scans

and

the

mask

used

for

ear

blue

arrow

and

face

white

arrows

stripping

are

shown


Fig. 2 Digital spinal threedimensional reconstruction result based on the CT data set. a, b Spinal deformity can be viewed from any perspective. c, d The vertebral pedicle direction and diameter can be easily measured in plane from any angle on the personal computer with Mimics 6.3 software

Fig

Digital

spinal

threedimensional

reconstruction

result

based

on

the

CT

data

set

a

b

Spinal

deformity

can

be

viewed

from

any

perspective

c

d

The

vertebral

pedicle

direction

and

diameter

can

be

easily

measured

in

plane

from

any

angle

on

the

personal

computer

with

Mimics

software


Fig. 2 ͑a͒ A rat cerebral cortex image obtained by using the virtual point detector with a scan radius of 10 mm. ͑b͒ The same rat cerebral cortex image obtained by using the finite-aperture detector with a scan radius of 70 mm. ͑c͒ The same rat cerebral cortex image obtained by using the virtual point detector with a smaller scan radius of 4 mm. ͑d͒ A photograph of the rat cerebral cortex. The circled region in ͑a͒ corresponds to the imaged area in ͑c͒. The circled region in ͑b͒ indicates an area with best resolution and SNR. Four blood vessels are labeled 1 through 4 in ͑a͒ and ͑b͒, where the same number indicates the same blood vessel.

Fig

͑a͒

A

rat

cerebral

cortex

image

obtained

by

using

the

virtual

point

detector

with

a

scan

radius

of

mm

͑b͒

The

same

rat

cerebral

cortex

image

obtained

by

using

the

finite

aperture

detector

with

a

scan

radius

of

mm

͑c͒

The

same

rat

cerebral

cortex

image

obtained

by

using

the

virtual

point

detector

with

a

smaller

scan

radius

of

mm

͑d͒

A

photograph

of

the

rat

cerebral

cortex

The

circled

region

in

͑a͒

corresponds

to

the

imaged

area

in

͑c͒.

The

circled

region

in

͑b͒

indicates

an

area

with

best

resolution

and

SNR

Four

blood

vessels

are

labeled

through

in

͑a͒

and

͑b͒

where

the

same

number

indicates

the

same

blood

vessel


Figure 1. The evaluation methods of radiation brain necrosis. (A) The area of the edema at one layer of the MRI image. (B) The outer edge of radiation necrosis of the brain. (C) The inner edge of radiation necrosis of the brain. (D) Determination of MRI signal in brain necrosis area. (E) Determination of MRI signal in cerebral white matter area at the same level. The volume was calculated using the product of the area of the edema region and the slice thickness. The edema index (EI) was used for evaluation. The EI = Volume A/Volume B. The volume of cerebral necrosis was calculated using the subtraction of the inner diameter volume from the outer diameter volume of the enhancement region of cerebral necrosis(Volume B subtract Volume C). The changes in information in the region of cerebral necrosis used the measurement of the T1 strengthening phase. Three areas in the strengthening region of cerebral necrosis were selected to measure the signal values and to calculate the mean value; in addition, the value was compared with the white matter signal value of the same MRI to eliminate the influences of different strengthening degrees; this ratio was used to measure the changes in signals in the regions of cerebral necrosis before and after treatment.

Figure

The

evaluation

methods

of

radiation

brain

necrosis

A

The

area

of

the

edema

at

one

layer

of

the

MRI

image

B

The

outer

edge

of

radiation

necrosis

of

the

brain

C

The

inner

edge

of

radiation

necrosis

of

the

brain

D

Determination

of

MRI

signal

in

brain

necrosis

area

E

Determination

of

MRI

signal

in

cerebral

white

matter

area

at

the

same

level

The

volume

was

calculated

using

the

product

of

the

area

of

the

edema

region

and

the

slice

thickness

The

edema

index

EI

was

used

for

evaluation

The

EI

Volume

A

Volume

B.

The

volume

of

cerebral

necrosis

was

calculated

using

the

subtraction

of

the

inner

diameter

volume

from

the

outer

diameter

volume

of

the

enhancement

region

of

cerebral

necrosis(Volume

B

subtract

Volume

C

The

changes

in

information

in

the

region

of

cerebral

necrosis

used

the

measurement

of

the

strengthening

phase

Three

areas

in

the

strengthening

region

of

cerebral

necrosis

were

selected

to

measure

the

signal

values

and

to

calculate

the

mean

value

in

addition

the

value

was

compared

with

the

white

matter

signal

value

of

the

same

MRI

to

eliminate

the

influences

of

different

strengthening

degrees

this

ratio

was

used

to

measure

the

changes

in

signals

in

the

regions

of

cerebral

necrosis

before

and

after

treatment


Fig. 3. The green, yellow, pink, and blue lines represent the 45 Gy, 30 Gy, 27 Gy, and 5 Gy isodose curves, respectively. A) CT slice images and doses for pre-SABT plan; B) CT slice images and doses for SABT plan; C) Three-dimensional map; D) Dose profile of the purple line for retrospective analysis of SABT plan; E) Dose profile of the red line for virtual SBRT plan

Fig

The

green

yellow

pink

and

blue

lines

represent

the

Gy

Gy

Gy

and

Gy

isodose

curves

respectively

A

CT

slice

images

and

doses

for

pre

SABT

plan

B

CT

slice

images

and

doses

for

SABT

plan

C

Three

dimensional

map

D

Dose

profile

of

the

purple

line

for

retrospective

analysis

of

SABT

plan

E

Dose

profile

of

the

red

line

for

virtual

SBRT

plan


Fig. 1. Summary of clinical and diagnostic features. At initial visit, color fundus photography (A) and fundus f luorescein angiography (A) showed normal appearance. However, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging (C) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (D) showed hyperfluorescence and diffuse disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) junction line (white arrowheads indicate the border of the irregular photoreceptor IS-OS junction area) in the centermost area and inferior retinal areas of macula corresponding to the area of reduced amplitudes in the multifocal electroretinography (ERG) (E). Humphrey visual field (HVF) perimetry showed that the visual field defects corresponded to SD-OCT, FAF imaging, and multifocal ERG (F). Although the photoreceptor disruption was partially restored at 3 months after treatment (G), the disruption became aggravated gradually thereafter (H), at 5 months after treatment (I), at 6 months after treatment. (J) One month after antimicrobial treatment with penicillin, restoration of the photoreceptor IS-OS junction occurred, and vision was restored to 20 / 30 in right eye. Three months after antimicrobial therapy, vision improved to 20 / 20 in right eye and SD-OCT revealed complete restoration of the photoreceptor IS-OS junction (K). Multifocal ERG (L) and HVF (M) showed nearly complete normalization of visual function.

Fig

Summary

of

clinical

and

diagnostic

features

At

initial

visit

color

fundus

photography

A

and

fundus

f

luorescein

angiography

A

showed

normal

appearance

However

fundus

autofluorescence

FAF

imaging

C

and

spectral

domain

optical

coherence

tomography

SD

OCT

D

showed

hyperfluorescence

and

diffuse

disruption

of

the

photoreceptor

inner

segment

outer

segment

IS

OS

junction

line

white

arrowheads

indicate

the

border

of

the

irregular

photoreceptor

IS

OS

junction

area

in

the

centermost

area

and

inferior

retinal

areas

of

macula

corresponding

to

the

area

of

reduced

amplitudes

in

the

multifocal

electroretinography

ERG

E

Humphrey

visual

field

HVF

perimetry

showed

that

the

visual

field

defects

corresponded

to

SD

OCT

FAF

imaging

and

multifocal

ERG

F

Although

the

photoreceptor

disruption

was

partially

restored

at

months

after

treatment

G

the

disruption

became

aggravated

gradually

thereafter

H

at

months

after

treatment

I

at

months

after

treatment

J

One

month

after

antimicrobial

treatment

with

penicillin

restoration

of

the

photoreceptor

IS

OS

junction

occurred

and

vision

was

restored

to

in

right

eye

Three

months

after

antimicrobial

therapy

vision

improved

to

in

right

eye

and

SD

OCT

revealed

complete

restoration

of

the

photoreceptor

IS

OS

junction

K

Multifocal

ERG

L

and

HVF

M

showed

nearly

complete

normalization

of

visual

function


Fig. 1. Left: MRI of the orbits. Coronal, T2-weighted MR image demonstrates an ovoid mass-like lesion with high signal intensity, corresponding to lung cancer metastasis. The lesion provokes a globe displacement (arrow). Right: photograph of the patient.

Fig

Left

MRI

of

the

orbits

Coronal

MR

image

demonstrates

an

ovoid

mass

like

lesion

with

high

signal

intensity

corresponding

to

lung

cancer

metastasis

The

lesion

provokes

a

globe

displacement

arrow

Right

photograph

of

the

patient


Figure 8. Morphology and skin sterol content of control and Epi-Insig-DKO mice at 3 and 5.5 months after stopping simvastatin. (a, b) Five Epi-Insig-DKO mice were treated daily with 1 mg simvastatin from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 13. Thereafter, the mice were left untreated for 5.5 months. These photographs show the same Epi-Insig DKO mouse at 3.5 months (a) and 6 months (b) of age. The loss of hair and decrease in body weight that occurred in this mouse between 3.5 and 6 months of age was reproduced in all five mutant mice studied in this experiment. (c-h) The sterol content in the back skin from control and Epi-Insig-DKO mice at 6 months was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of data from five mice. Statistical analysis was performed with the two-tailed Student's t-test.

Figure

Morphology

and

skin

sterol

content

of

control

and

Epi

Insig

DKO

mice

at

and

months

after

stopping

simvastatin

a

b

Five

Epi

Insig

DKO

mice

were

treated

daily

with

mg

simvastatin

from

postnatal

day

PND

to

PND

Thereafter

the

mice

were

left

untreated

for

months

These

photographs

show

the

same

Epi

Insig

DKO

mouse

at

months

a

and

months

b

of

age

The

loss

of

hair

and

decrease

in

body

weight

that

occurred

in

this

mouse

between

and

months

of

age

was

reproduced

in

all

five

mutant

mice

studied

in

this

experiment

c

h

The

sterol

content

in

the

back

skin

from

control

and

Epi

Insig

DKO

mice

at

months

was

measured

by

gas

chromatography

mass

spectroscopy

Each

bar

represents

the

mean

SEM

of

data

from

five

mice

Statistical

analysis

was

performed

with

the

two

tailed

Student

's

t

test


Fig. 3 Blunt cerebrovascular occlusion (grade IV lesions according to the Biffl classification). a, b A 51-year-old man who had suffered a motorcycle accident. The axial MPR image (a) (3-mm thickness) shows the absence of contrast material within the right vertebral artery (arrow) and the coexistence of a C4 lateral mass fracture (arrowhead) involving the right vertebral channel; the same findings (arrows and arrowhead) are clearly detectable on the sagittal MPR image on which the presence of contrast material is detectable within the right vertebral artery upstream and downstream the occlusion. The patient underwent

Fig

Blunt

cerebrovascular

occlusion

grade

IV

lesions

according

to

the

Biffl

classification

a

b

A

old

man

who

had

suffered

a

motorcycle

accident

The

axial

MPR

image

a

thickness

shows

the

absence

of

contrast

material

within

the

right

vertebral

artery

arrow

and

the

coexistence

of

a

lateral

mass

fracture

arrowhead

involving

the

right

vertebral

channel

the

same

findings

arrows

and

arrowhead

are

clearly

detectable

on

the

sagittal

MPR

image

on

which

the

presence

of

contrast

material

is

detectable

within

the

right

vertebral

artery

upstream

and

downstream

the

occlusion

The

patient

underwent


Figure 6 Stanford type A dissection with direct communication between the true lumen and false lumens (arrows in A). The true lumen (T) was obviously narrowed due to compression by the false lumen (F) with thrombus formed in the false lumen as shown on the sagittal reformatted image (B). The intimal flap (short arrows in B) arises from the level of the left ventricle (long arrows in B); C: A protrusion sign was observed on virtual intravascular endoscopy (VIE) images; D, E: The long intimal tear was identified at the ascending aorta posterior to the protrusion from the false lumen on different VIE visualizations. Pleural effusion is present at both sides on 2D axial images.

Figure

Stanford

type

A

dissection

with

direct

communication

between

the

true

lumen

and

false

lumens

arrows

in

A

The

true

lumen

T

was

obviously

narrowed

due

to

compression

by

the

false

lumen

F

with

thrombus

formed

in

the

false

lumen

as

shown

on

the

sagittal

reformatted

image

B

The

intimal

flap

short

arrows

in

B

arises

from

the

level

of

the

left

ventricle

long

arrows

in

B

C

A

protrusion

sign

was

observed

on

virtual

intravascular

endoscopy

VIE

images

D

E

The

long

intimal

tear

was

identified

at

the

ascending

aorta

posterior

to

the

protrusion

from

the

false

lumen

on

different

VIE

visualizations

Pleural

effusion

is

present

at

both

sides

on

axial

images


Figure 1 Case 1. The chest CT reported an intraluminal polypoid lesion dependent on the cervical esophagus. Panendoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion with a long pedicle. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a hypoechogenic lesion dependent on the muscularis propria layer. The surgical specimen reported IFP.

Figure

Case

The

chest

CT

reported

an

intraluminal

polypoid

lesion

dependent

on

the

cervical

esophagus

Panendoscopy

revealed

a

polypoid

lesion

with

a

long

pedicle

Endoscopic

ultrasound

showed

a

hypoechogenic

lesion

dependent

on

the

muscularis

propria

layer

The

surgical

specimen

reported

IFP


Figure 4 - Axial (top row) and coronal (bottom row) CT sections without contrast through orbits show remarkable resolution of the ill-defined soft tissue thickening around the lateral aspects of the left orbit in the axial (top row figures 1-3) and coronal (bottom row figures 4-6).

Figure

Axial

top

row

and

coronal

bottom

row

CT

sections

without

contrast

through

orbits

show

remarkable

resolution

of

the

ill

defined

soft

tissue

thickening

around

the

lateral

aspects

of

the

left

orbit

in

the

axial

top

row

figures

and

coronal

bottom

row

figures


Figure 1 MRI at presentation. Axial (A) and sagittal (B) fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequence show a large fluid filled urethral diverticulum (*) displacing the urethra (U) anteriorly. Heterogeneous low T2 signal in the anterior portion (arrows).

Figure

MRI

at

presentation

Axial

A

and

sagittal

B

fast

spin

echo

sequence

show

a

large

fluid

filled

urethral

diverticulum

displacing

the

urethra

U

anteriorly

Heterogeneous

low

signal

in

the

anterior

portion

arrows


Fig. 3 Initial MRI studies of patient number four. a Sagittal MRI showing the involvement of vertebral body (Th 11) and thecal sac compression. b Axial MRI demonstrating the destruction of both pedicles and the ventral tumor circumference

Fig

Initial

MRI

studies

of

patient

number

four

a

Sagittal

MRI

showing

the

involvement

of

vertebral

body

Th

and

thecal

sac

compression

b

Axial

MRI

demonstrating

the

destruction

of

both

pedicles

and

the

ventral

tumor

circumference


Figure 5 Representative transmission electron micrographs. (A) Untreated cell before dark cultivation (control) and the cells that had been heat treated and then cultured in the dark for (B) 0, (C) 2, (D) 6, (E) 12, (F) 24, (G) 48 and (H) 72 h, respectively. Bars = 1 μm. Abbreviations: c, chloroplast; m, mitochondrion; n, nucleus; nl, nucleolus; s, starch granule; v, vacuole. Arrows in (B): condensation of chromatin on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. Arrows in (E-G): exudation of organic substances between the cell wall and the cell membrane. Arrow in (H): rupture of cell membrane.

Figure

Representative

transmission

electron

micrographs

A

Untreated

cell

before

dark

cultivation

control

and

the

cells

that

had

been

heat

treated

and

then

cultured

in

the

dark

for

B

C

D

E

F

G

and

H

h

respectively

Bars

μm

Abbreviations

c

chloroplast

m

mitochondrion

n

nucleus

nl

nucleolus

s

starch

granule

v

vacuole

Arrows

in

B

condensation

of

chromatin

on

the

inner

side

of

the

nuclear

membrane

Arrows

in

E

G

exudation

of

organic

substances

between

the

cell

wall

and

the

cell

membrane

Arrow

in

H

rupture

of

cell

membrane


Fig. 1 Sagittal (a) T1-W and (b) T2-W MR images of the lumbar spine. A xial (c) T1-W and (d) T2-W MR images taken at the L3 vertebral level.

Fig

Sagittal

a

and

b

MR

images

of

the

lumbar

spine

A

xial

c

and

d

MR

images

taken

at

the

vertebral

level


FIG. 2. a, b. Preoperative maximal inspiratory pressure (a) and 3D reconstructed dynamic abdominal computed tomography images showing fusiform aneurysmal dilation in the proximal end of the intrahepatic portal vein and prominent esophageal varices (b).

FIG

a

b.

Preoperative

maximal

inspiratory

pressure

a

and

reconstructed

dynamic

abdominal

computed

tomography

images

showing

fusiform

aneurysmal

dilation

in

the

proximal

end

of

the

intrahepatic

portal

vein

and

prominent

esophageal

varices

b


Fig. 1 Glioblastoma with EGFR amplification (> 20 copies) and positive EGFRvIII transcript. Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image (a), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (b), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) map overlaid on contrast T1-weighted image (c), and T2* time–intensity curve (d) demonstrate increased perfusion

Fig

Glioblastoma

with

EGFR

amplification

copies

and

positive

EGFRvIII

transcript

Axial

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

image

a

contrast

enhanced

image

b

relative

cerebral

blood

volume

rCBV

map

overlaid

on

contrast

image

c

and

time

intensity

curve

d

demonstrate

increased

perfusion


Figure 9. Coronal slices of the acquired multi-modal tomographic imaging data of the abdominal area in the mouse and histology. (A) Synchrotron: Attenuation-contrast image (left), phase-contrast image (right). (B) Tube source: Attenuation-contrast image (left), phase-contrast image (right). (C) MRI with highlighted solid tumor (a) and cystic lesion (b). (D) Stack of histology slices. All images are displayed on a linear gray scale and are windowed for best visual appearance of the solid tumor and cystic lesion. Figure reproduced from Ref. [181] with permission. All results shown in this figure were acquired ex vivo after whole-animal perfusion fixation with paraformaldehyde.

Figure

Coronal

slices

of

the

acquired

multi

modal

tomographic

imaging

data

of

the

abdominal

area

in

the

mouse

and

histology

A

Synchrotron

Attenuation

contrast

image

left

phase

contrast

image

right

B

Tube

source

Attenuation

contrast

image

left

phase

contrast

image

right

C

MRI

with

highlighted

solid

tumor

a

and

cystic

lesion

b

D

Stack

of

histology

slices

All

images

are

displayed

on

a

linear

gray

scale

and

are

windowed

for

best

visual

appearance

of

the

solid

tumor

and

cystic

lesion

Figure

reproduced

from

Ref

with

permission

All

results

shown

in

this

figure

were

acquired

ex

vivo

after

whole

animal

perfusion

fixation

with

paraformaldehyde


Figure 3: Histopathology. Fibrillar matrix with pleomorphic cells, some with gemistocytic appearance (arrow) (A), alternating with areas of spindle cells arranged in interlaced fascicles (B), and round cells with epithelioid appearance (C), with mitosis figures (arrows), as well as others with nuclear atypia and pseudointranuclear inclusions (arrowhead) (D). Hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×40.

Figure

Histopathology

Fibrillar

matrix

with

pleomorphic

cells

some

with

gemistocytic

appearance

arrow

A

alternating

with

areas

of

spindle

cells

arranged

in

interlaced

fascicles

B

and

round

cells

with

epithelioid

appearance

C

with

mitosis

figures

arrows

as

well

as

others

with

nuclear

atypia

and

pseudointranuclear

inclusions

arrowhead

D

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

staining


Figure 2. Computed tomographic (CT) images of the liver of a 64-year-old man with Child -Pugh Grade A who presented with a PVTT in the left first branch. (A) Portal-dominant phase dynamic CT images before HAI therapy showing the dilation of the left first branch of the portal vein and the tumor thrombosis (arrow). (B) Recanalization of the portal vein that had been obstructed by the tumor thrombosis was observed after three HAI treatment sessions (arrow).

Figure

Computed

tomographic

CT

images

of

the

liver

of

a

old

man

with

Child

-Pugh

Grade

A

who

presented

with

a

PVTT

in

the

left

first

branch

A

Portal

dominant

phase

dynamic

CT

images

before

HAI

therapy

showing

the

dilation

of

the

left

first

branch

of

the

portal

vein

and

the

tumor

thrombosis

arrow

B

Recanalization

of

the

portal

vein

that

had

been

obstructed

by

the

tumor

thrombosis

was

observed

after

three

HAI

treatment

sessions

arrow


Fig 1. Detection of significant residual stenosis. (A) Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) shows significant residual stenosis in segment 6 (arrow) after thrombolysis. Conventional coronary angiography (CCAG) shows the lesion in the same segment (arrow). (B) Significant residual stenosis in segment 2 (arrow) on MDCT. CCAG shows the same result (arrow). (C) Multiple significant residual stenoses in segment 12 (arrows) detected by MDCT and CCAG. The lesions on MDCT appear more severe than on CCAG; both meet the definition of significant residual stenosis in this study (stenosis ≥50% including total occlusion of vessels). Therefore, based on our definition of significant residual stenosis, MDCT accurately detected significant residual stenosis.

Fig

Detection

of

significant

residual

stenosis

A

Multidetector

row

computed

tomography

MDCT

shows

significant

residual

stenosis

in

segment

arrow

after

thrombolysis

Conventional

coronary

angiography

CCAG

shows

the

lesion

in

the

same

segment

arrow

B

Significant

residual

stenosis

in

segment

arrow

on

MDCT

CCAG

shows

the

same

result

arrow

C

Multiple

significant

residual

stenoses

in

segment

arrows

detected

by

MDCT

and

CCAG

The

lesions

on

MDCT

appear

more

severe

than

on

CCAG

both

meet

the

definition

of

significant

residual

stenosis

in

this

study

stenosis

including

total

occlusion

of

vessels

Therefore

based

on

our

definition

of

significant

residual

stenosis

MDCT

accurately

detected

significant

residual

stenosis


Figure 1. The ventral part of the finger and X-ray image of the index finger at the time of injury. (A) Soft tissue defect was observed on the ventral part of the index finger that was pinned for fixing the open fracture of the middle phalanx. (B) X-ray image showed the fracture of the middle phalanx of the index finger.

Figure

The

ventral

part

of

the

finger

and

X

ray

image

of

the

index

finger

at

the

time

of

injury

A

Soft

tissue

defect

was

observed

on

the

ventral

part

of

the

index

finger

that

was

pinned

for

fixing

the

open

fracture

of

the

middle

phalanx

B

X

ray

image

showed

the

fracture

of

the

middle

phalanx

of

the

index

finger


Figure 1 Abdominal X-ray before and after the positioning of the third stent. A: Large bowel massive distention (long arrows) without apparent stent migration; curves highlight the profiles of the proximal edges of the first and second previously placed stents; B: The third stent placed within the two previously placed stents (short arrows indicating some of the radiopaque markers), with detention of proximal loops.

Figure

Abdominal

X

ray

before

and

after

the

positioning

of

the

third

stent

A

Large

bowel

massive

distention

long

arrows

without

apparent

stent

migration

curves

highlight

the

profiles

of

the

proximal

edges

of

the

first

and

second

previously

placed

stents

B

The

third

stent

placed

within

the

two

previously

placed

stents

short

arrows

indicating

some

of

the

radiopaque

markers

with

detention

of

proximal

loops


Fig. 1. Clinical and radiological feature. A. Intraoral photograph. Despite the presence of right mandibular swelling, there was no specific finding in the intraoral findings. B. Panoramic view. It was difficult to locate specific findings on panoramic examination. C, D. Osteolytic findings were observed on computed tomography (CT), including a well-defined, buccolingual expansile lesion (C: axial view, D: coronal view). Profuse periosteal reaction was also observed around the lesion. Dae-Seok Hwang et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible: two case reports and literature review. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019

Fig

Clinical

and

radiological

feature

A.

Intraoral

photograph

Despite

the

presence

of

right

mandibular

swelling

there

was

no

specific

finding

in

the

intraoral

findings

B.

Panoramic

view

It

was

difficult

to

locate

specific

findings

on

panoramic

examination

C

D.

Osteolytic

findings

were

observed

on

computed

tomography

CT

including

a

well

defined

buccolingual

expansile

lesion

C

axial

view

D

coronal

view

Profuse

periosteal

reaction

was

also

observed

around

the

lesion

Dae

Seok

Hwang

et

al

Langerhans

cell

histiocytosis

of

the

mandible

two

case

reports

and

literature

review

J

Korean

Assoc

Oral

Maxillofac

Surg


Figure 3. (A) Computed tomography thorax (axial view, soft tissue window). A heterogeneous mass at the apico-posterior segment of the left upper lobe of the left lung abutting the posterior wall of the aortic arch (white arrow). (B) The mass adjacent to the descending aorta during endoscopic ultrasound using an echobronchoscope (EUS-B) examination. (C) Real-time endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration performed with 22G transbronchial needle aspiration into the mass (white arrow). (D) Clusters of pleomorphic malignant cells on histological examination of the tissue clot coagulum cell block (haematoxylin and eosin stain, ×20-fold magnification).

Figure

A

Computed

tomography

thorax

axial

view

soft

tissue

window

A

heterogeneous

mass

at

the

apico

posterior

segment

of

the

left

upper

lobe

of

the

left

lung

abutting

the

posterior

wall

of

the

aortic

arch

white

arrow

B

The

mass

adjacent

to

the

descending

aorta

during

endoscopic

ultrasound

using

an

echobronchoscope

EUS

B

examination

C

Real

time

endoscopic

ultrasound

with

bronchoscope

guided

fine

needle

aspiration

performed

with

G

transbronchial

needle

aspiration

into

the

mass

white

arrow

D

Clusters

of

pleomorphic

malignant

cells

on

histological

examination

of

the

tissue

clot

coagulum

cell

block

haematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

magnification


Fig. 9a, b Right hemidiaphragm rupture with hump and band sign. a Right lateral and b posterior perspective volume rendered CT images in blunt trauma patient show hump-shaped liver tissue projecting above plane of diaphragm with low attenuation band across base of hump (arrows) at level of diaphragm tear

Fig

b

Right

hemidiaphragm

rupture

with

hump

and

band

sign

a

Right

lateral

and

b

posterior

perspective

volume

rendered

CT

images

in

blunt

trauma

patient

show

hump

shaped

liver

tissue

projecting

above

plane

of

diaphragm

with

low

attenuation

band

across

base

of

hump

arrows

at

level

of

diaphragm

tear


Figure 1 (a) Axial T2-weighted image showing a mass with relatively homogenous hypointensity located behind the right globe to the orbital apex. (b) Axial gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image showing homogenous enhancement.

Figure

a

Axial

image

showing

a

mass

with

relatively

homogenous

hypointensity

located

behind

the

right

globe

to

the

orbital

apex

b

Axial

gadolinium

enhanced

image

showing

homogenous

enhancement


Figure 3. Plain chest computed tomography (CT) of a 56‑year‑old male with a pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. (A) Lung window setting revealing an ill‑defined, sub‑pleural mass in the peripheral parenchyma of the right lower lobe, associated with cavity and air bronchogram. The coronal CT scan in (B) the mediastinum window setting revealing the irregularly‑shaped lesion. Contrast‑enhanced CT scan in (C) the arterial phase and (D) the venous phase revealing the lesion with high contrast enhancement. (E) Single‑photon emission computed tomography bone scan revealing bilateral atypical hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in the cortex of the femurs.

Figure

Plain

chest

computed

tomography

CT

of

a

male

with

a

pulmonary

inflammatory

myofibroblastic

tumor

A

Lung

window

setting

revealing

an

ill‑defined

sub‑pleural

mass

in

the

peripheral

parenchyma

of

the

right

lower

lobe

associated

with

cavity

and

air

bronchogram

The

coronal

CT

scan

in

B

the

mediastinum

window

setting

revealing

the

irregularly‑shaped

lesion

Contrast‑enhanced

CT

scan

in

C

the

arterial

phase

and

D

the

venous

phase

revealing

the

lesion

with

high

contrast

enhancement

E

Single‑photon

emission

computed

tomography

bone

scan

revealing

bilateral

atypical

hypertrophic

pulmonary

osteoarthropathy

in

the

cortex

of

the

femurs


Fig. 2. Two representative cases illustrating the dorsal pancreatic duct (DPD) bypass. a – d A 47- year-old woman had experienced numerous pain flares of chronic pancreatitis. a The ventral pancreatic duct contains several complex stones in the head of the pancreas. b A high grade 2-mm stenosis immediately upstream from the stones is seen in the ventral pancreatic duct and cannot be crossed with a highly tapered catheter. c The DPD take-off is upstream from the large stone, and deep cannulation of the DPD is accomplished. d After dorsal pancreatic sphincterotomy and dilation with a 4-mm balloon dilator, a 5-Fr pancreatic stent is successfully placed into the DPD. e – h A 70-year-old man had established chronic recurrent pancreatitis. e A conglomeration of large stones is noted fluoroscopically in the head of the pancreas. Cannulation and visualization of the ventral pancreatic duct failed. f Pancreatography via DPD cannulation shows multiple large obstructing stones in the ventral pancreatic duct in the head of the pancreas. The duct is obstructed by stones in the body. g, h After dorsal pancreatic sphincterotomy and dilation with a 6-mm balloon dilator, two pancreatic stents are successfully placed into the main pancreatic duct.

Fig

Two

representative

cases

illustrating

the

dorsal

pancreatic

duct

DPD

bypass

a

d

A

year

old

woman

had

experienced

numerous

pain

flares

of

chronic

pancreatitis

a

The

ventral

pancreatic

duct

contains

several

complex

stones

in

the

head

of

the

pancreas

b

A

high

grade

stenosis

immediately

upstream

from

the

stones

is

seen

in

the

ventral

pancreatic

duct

and

can

not

be

crossed

with

a

highly

tapered

catheter

c

The

DPD

take

off

is

upstream

from

the

large

stone

and

deep

cannulation

of

the

DPD

is

accomplished

d

After

dorsal

pancreatic

sphincterotomy

and

dilation

with

a

balloon

dilator

a

pancreatic

stent

is

successfully

placed

into

the

DPD

e

h

A

old

man

had

established

chronic

recurrent

pancreatitis

e

A

conglomeration

of

large

stones

is

noted

fluoroscopically

in

the

head

of

the

pancreas

Cannulation

and

visualization

of

the

ventral

pancreatic

duct

failed

f

Pancreatography

via

DPD

cannulation

shows

multiple

large

obstructing

stones

in

the

ventral

pancreatic

duct

in

the

head

of

the

pancreas

The

duct

is

obstructed

by

stones

in

the

body

g

h

After

dorsal

pancreatic

sphincterotomy

and

dilation

with

a

balloon

dilator

two

pancreatic

stents

are

successfully

placed

into

the

main

pancreatic

duct


Fig. 1. a CT revealed the appendix to be prominently enlarged. The appendix had become enlarged to 25 mm and the appendix walls exhibited hypertrophy (arrow). b, c The results of FDG-PET coincided with a tumor-like shadow observed in CT and abnormal accumulation of FDG was observed. The maximum SUV was elevated at 7.27 (arrows) (b coronal image; c axial image).

Fig

a

CT

revealed

the

appendix

to

be

prominently

enlarged

The

appendix

had

become

enlarged

to

mm

and

the

appendix

walls

exhibited

hypertrophy

arrow

b

c

The

results

of

FDG

PET

coincided

with

a

tumor

like

shadow

observed

in

CT

and

abnormal

accumulation

of

FDG

was

observed

The

maximum

SUV

was

elevated

at

arrows

b

coronal

image

c

axial

image


Fig. 5 Expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in glioblastoma cells. A representative sample of human glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV) involving the left frontal lobe, typically characterized by high cellularity, was stained SGLT1, showing mostly nuclear signal (a); SGLT2, showing both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells (c). SGLT1 + antigenic peptide (b); and SGLT2 + antigenic peptide (d). A higher magnification image showing SGLT2 in or close to the plasma membrane (e, red arrowheads), and block by the antigenic peptide (f)

Fig

Expression

of

and

in

glioblastoma

cells

A

representative

sample

of

human

glioblastoma

WHO

Grade

IV

involving

the

left

frontal

lobe

typically

characterized

by

high

cellularity

was

stained

showing

mostly

nuclear

signal

a

showing

both

nuclear

and

cytoplasmic

staining

in

tumor

cells

c

antigenic

peptide

b

and

antigenic

peptide

d

A

higher

magnification

image

showing

in

or

close

to

the

plasma

membrane

e

red

arrowheads

and

block

by

the

antigenic

peptide

f


Figure 7. Rotation in spherical P0. Spherical Po embryos were obtained by proteotytic digestion of the ellipsoid eggshell. The white arrows mark the position of the polar body, which defines the anterior pole (Albertson, 1984). The black arrows mark the position of the centrosomes. (Panel 1 ) The centrosomes are lying in a transverse orientation. (Panel 2) After 2 min, the centrosomes have rotated onto the longitudinal axis. In panel 2 the embryo has become elongated presumably by the establishment of the mitotic spindle. Bar, 10 p.m.

Figure

Rotation

in

spherical

Spherical

Po

embryos

were

obtained

by

proteotytic

digestion

of

the

ellipsoid

eggshell

The

white

arrows

mark

the

position

of

the

polar

body

which

defines

the

anterior

pole

Albertson

The

black

arrows

mark

the

position

of

the

centrosomes

Panel

The

centrosomes

are

lying

in

a

transverse

orientation

Panel

After

min

the

centrosomes

have

rotated

onto

the

longitudinal

axis

In

panel

the

embryo

has

become

elongated

presumably

by

the

establishment

of

the

mitotic

spindle

Bar

p.m.


Fig. 22 Imaging tumor using 44 in the tumor-bearing mouse xenograft models prepared by subcutaneous inoculation of HeLa cells. (A) The mouse was subcutaneously injected with 44 (2 mM, 10 mL) in the tumor region and normal region, respectively, and then imaged immediately. (B) Themouse was intravenously injected with 44 (1.5 mg kg 1), and then imaged after 25min. Adapted with permission from ref. 89. Copyright 2017 Elsevier Ltd.

Fig

Imaging

tumor

using

in

the

tumor

bearing

mouse

xenograft

models

prepared

by

subcutaneous

inoculation

of

HeLa

cells

A

The

mouse

was

subcutaneously

injected

with

mM

mL

in

the

tumor

region

and

normal

region

respectively

and

then

imaged

immediately

B

Themouse

was

intravenously

injected

with

mg

kg

and

then

imaged

after

Adapted

with

permission

from

ref

Copyright

Elsevier

Ltd.


Figure 3 No pulmonary vein stenosis was observed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (A, B; preablation). Five-and-a-half months after ablation, severe stenosis of the left superior pulmonary vein and complete occlusion of the pulmonary vein for the lingular segment were observed (C, D).

Figure

No

pulmonary

vein

stenosis

was

observed

on

contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

A

B

preablation

Five

and

a

half

months

after

ablation

severe

stenosis

of

the

left

superior

pulmonary

vein

and

complete

occlusion

of

the

pulmonary

vein

for

the

lingular

segment

were

observed

C

D


Figure 3. a-e. CT and MRI images of a patient with AM (a-c) and a patient with AMc (d, e). A normal-size mastoid cavity filled with inflammatory secretions and soft tissue is seen in the CT of a patient with AM (a). MRI gives a better overview of the soft tissue component, showing an intense enhancement of the intramastoid-inflamed mucosa or granulation tissue (b), as well as a necrotic unenhanced area at the tip of the mastoid process (asterisk in c) and periosteal enhancement compatible with periostitis (arrowheads in c). In an AMc patient, a sclerotic mastoid cavity is seen in CT with osteolysis and a bony cortical defect at the tip of the mastoid (arrow in d). MRI reveals a large Bezold’s abscess (asterisk in e) in the soft tissues of the neck.

Figure

a

e

CT

and

MRI

images

of

a

patient

with

AM

a

c

and

a

patient

with

AMc

d

e

A

normal

size

mastoid

cavity

filled

with

inflammatory

secretions

and

soft

tissue

is

seen

in

the

CT

of

a

patient

with

AM

a

MRI

gives

a

better

overview

of

the

soft

tissue

component

showing

an

intense

enhancement

of

the

intramastoid

inflamed

mucosa

or

granulation

tissue

b

as

well

as

a

necrotic

unenhanced

area

at

the

tip

of

the

mastoid

process

asterisk

in

c

and

periosteal

enhancement

compatible

with

periostitis

arrowheads

in

c

In

an

AMc

patient

a

sclerotic

mastoid

cavity

is

seen

in

CT

with

osteolysis

and

a

bony

cortical

defect

at

the

tip

of

the

mastoid

arrow

in

d

MRI

reveals

a

large

Bezold

’s

abscess

asterisk

in

e

in

the

soft

tissues

of

the

neck


Fig. 4 Midsagittal T1-weighted (A) and T2-weighted (B) magnetic resonance (MR) images of an L1–L2 motion segment with poor end plate signal. (C) Corresponding ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) MR image showing enhanced end plate signal. Arrows indicate end plate defects shown in ►Fig. 5A and 5B. (UTE imaging courtesy of Drs. Roland Krug and Misung Han, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.)

Fig

Midsagittal

A

and

B

magnetic

resonance

MR

images

of

an

motion

segment

with

poor

end

plate

signal

C

Corresponding

ultrashort

time

to

echo

UTE

MR

image

showing

enhanced

end

plate

signal

Arrows

indicate

end

plate

defects

shown

in

Fig

and

UTE

imaging

courtesy

of

Drs

Roland

Krug

and

Misung

Han

Department

of

Radiology

University

of

California

San

Francisco


Figure 2. A sublingual mass in a 60-year-old man was misdiagnosed as neurilemmoma by pre-(A) and post-contrast (B) CT (arrows). It was diagnosed as ectopic thyroid by scintigraphy (C) and SPECT/CT with 99m TcO 4 À (D) (arrow). Histological examination revealed that the mass was nodular goiter that originated from ectopic thyroid. CT = computed tomography, SPECT/CT = single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography.

Figure

A

sublingual

mass

in

a

old

man

was

misdiagnosed

as

neurilemmoma

by

pre-(A

and

post

contrast

B

CT

arrows

It

was

diagnosed

as

ectopic

thyroid

by

scintigraphy

C

and

SPECT

CT

with

m

TcO

À

D

arrow

Histological

examination

revealed

that

the

mass

was

nodular

goiter

that

originated

from

ectopic

thyroid

CT

computed

tomography

SPECT

CT

single

photon

emission

computed

tomography/

computed

tomography


Fig 5. CT and MRI morphologic assessment of lung injury. Central coronal images of A first and B second CT scan as well as D first and E third MRI scan showing infiltrates after aspiration in the right lower lobe. Morphologic scoring of lung alterations based on C CT scans and F MRI scans. ( � p = 0.016, �2 p = 0.031; data from reader 1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209103.g005

Fig

CT

and

MRI

morphologic

assessment

of

lung

injury

Central

coronal

images

of

A

first

and

B

second

CT

scan

as

well

as

D

first

and

E

third

MRI

scan

showing

infiltrates

after

aspiration

in

the

right

lower

lobe

Morphologic

scoring

of

lung

alterations

based

on

C

CT

scans

and

F

MRI

scans

p

p

data

from

reader


Fig 3. Long term imaging of mTurq2:Geph puncta. A) A rat cortical neuron expressing mTurq2:Geph within a network of cortical neurons growing on a thin-glass MEA dish (starting at 18 days in vitro). Bar, 20μm. B) Time-lapse imaging of the region enclosed in rectangle in (A). Images were collected at one hour intervals for 161 hours (~7 days). Only a subset of the data is shown here. Bar: 20μm. C) High temporal and spatial resolution images of region enclosed in rectangle in (B). Note the excellent ability to follow the same synapses over time. Fluorescence measurement data for the three synapses enclosed in colored rectangles is provided in Fig 5A. The bottom panel demonstrates the programmatic detection of mTurq2:Geph puncta, used thereafter for counting and fluorescence quantification. Bar, 10μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004632.g003

Fig

Long

term

imaging

of

Geph

puncta

A

A

rat

cortical

neuron

expressing

Geph

within

a

network

of

cortical

neurons

growing

on

a

thin

glass

MEA

dish

starting

at

days

in

vitro

Bar

B

Time

lapse

imaging

of

the

region

enclosed

in

rectangle

in

A

Images

were

collected

at

one

hour

intervals

for

hours

days

Only

a

subset

of

the

data

is

shown

here

Bar

C

High

temporal

and

spatial

resolution

images

of

region

enclosed

in

rectangle

in

B

Note

the

excellent

ability

to

follow

the

same

synapses

over

time

Fluorescence

measurement

data

for

the

three

synapses

enclosed

in

colored

rectangles

is

provided

in

Fig

The

bottom

panel

demonstrates

the

programmatic

detection

of

Geph

puncta

used

thereafter

for

counting

and

fluorescence

quantification

Bar


Figure 4. A 81 year‑old female with lumbar pain combined with left lower limb pain for 6 months. The patient had a history of several surgeries for lumbar compression fractures. The underlying diseases included hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease. The preoperative CCI, VAS and JOA scores were 3, 7 and 12, respectively. VAS and JOA scores 12 months after surgery were 2 and 20, respectively. (A) There was no nerve compression in preoperative imaging examination. The arrow is pointing to L3‑4 disc herniation. (B) Nerve root angiography showed L3‑4 disc herniation, stenosis of left nerve root canal and intervertebral foramen. (C) Removal of nucleus pulposus by transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery.

Figure

A

year‑old

female

with

lumbar

pain

combined

with

left

lower

limb

pain

for

months

The

patient

had

a

history

of

several

surgeries

for

lumbar

compression

fractures

The

underlying

diseases

included

hypertension

diabetes

and

cerebrovascular

disease

The

preoperative

CCI

VAS

and

JOA

scores

were

and

respectively

VAS

and

JOA

scores

months

after

surgery

were

and

respectively

A

There

was

no

nerve

compression

in

preoperative

imaging

examination

The

arrow

is

pointing

to

disc

herniation

B

Nerve

root

angiography

showed

disc

herniation

stenosis

of

left

nerve

root

canal

and

intervertebral

foramen

C

Removal

of

nucleus

pulposus

by

transforaminal

endoscopic

spine

surgery


Figure 1: Pre-operative MRI. Clockwise from top left: T1 sagittal with contrast, T1 sagittal without contrast, T2 sagittal, T2 axial, T1 axial with contrast Figure 2: Postoperative MRI. Clockwise from top left: T1 sagittal with contrast, T2 sagittal, T2 axial, T1 axial with contrast

Figure

Pre

operative

MRI

Clockwise

from

top

left

sagittal

with

contrast

sagittal

without

contrast

sagittal

axial

axial

with

contrast

Figure

Postoperative

MRI

Clockwise

from

top

left

sagittal

with

contrast

sagittal

axial

axial

with

contrast


Fig. 3. (A) Axial T2-weighted image demonstrates the well-circumscribed lesions along the course of the tibial nerve. (B) Distal lesions are well-circumscribed and extend into the soleus muscle.

Fig

A

Axial

image

demonstrates

the

well

circumscribed

lesions

along

the

course

of

the

tibial

nerve

B

Distal

lesions

are

well

circumscribed

and

extend

into

the

soleus

muscle


Fig 5 – T1 Post contrast sagittal (left) and axial (right) images showing resolution of tonsillar cerebellar ectopia and greater patency of the subarachnoid spaces (empty arrow). Very mild residual pachymeningeal enhancement (dotted arrow). Decreased sinuses engorgement (curved arrow) and residual occipital sinus (dashed arrows). Findings are improved compared to previous MRI consistent with resolution of intracranial hypotension.

Fig

Post

contrast

sagittal

left

and

axial

right

images

showing

resolution

of

tonsillar

cerebellar

ectopia

and

greater

patency

of

the

subarachnoid

spaces

empty

arrow

Very

mild

residual

pachymeningeal

enhancement

dotted

arrow

Decreased

sinuses

engorgement

curved

arrow

and

residual

occipital

sinus

dashed

arrows

Findings

are

improved

compared

to

previous

MRI

consistent

with

resolution

of

intracranial

hypotension


Fig. 6 e MRI coronal T1-w fat sat after gadolinium (A) showing the disappearance of the inflammatory enhancement of CS, meninges and infratemporal fossa, and the reperfusion of the aneurysm (maximum diameter of 9 mm); angiographic sequences time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) (B) confirming the aneurysmal blood flow and the persistence of intracranial carotid siphon narrowing (arrow).

Fig

e

MRI

coronal

fat

sat

after

gadolinium

A

showing

the

disappearance

of

the

inflammatory

enhancement

of

CS

meninges

and

infratemporal

fossa

and

the

reperfusion

of

the

aneurysm

maximum

diameter

of

mm

angiographic

sequences

time

resolved

imaging

of

contrast

kinetics

TRICKS

B

confirming

the

aneurysmal

blood

flow

and

the

persistence

of

intracranial

carotid

siphon

narrowing

arrow


Figure 8. Sub-area and laminar specificity of the cortical connections. Dark-field photomicrographs under polarized light. Dorsal is at the top and medial on the right. Bar = 1 mm. (A) Labeling in the banks of the presylvian sulcus following a dysgranular insular area injection (case no. 851). The lumen of the sulcus is indicated by a black arrowhead. Clusters of labeled terminals and somata are located in the most lateral zone of the dorsolateral prefrontal sector (single white arrow), and in area 6aγ (double white arrow). Note the numerous small neurons labeled in layer II of the gustatory area (white arrows in the lower left). (B) Labeling in a matching coronal level from a brain injected in the anterior sylvian area (no. 677). Note the conspicuous column-like clusterings of labeled cells and terminals (arrows) in the medial bank of the sulcus, which corresponds to the dorsolateral prefrontal sector. Comparison with (A) shows that the dysgranular insular and anterior sylvian areas are linked to non-overlapping domains of the dorsolateral prefrontal sector. (C) Labeling in the posterior rhinal sulcus after the injection in no. 851. Labeling is present in the medial bank of the sulcus corresponding to areas the dorsolateral entorhinal cortex and medial part of 35. A black arrowhead indicates the lumen of the sulcus. (D) An equivalent coronal level of the posterior rhinal sulcus in case no. 677. Observe that, in contrast to (C), labeling here involves only the lateral bank and lip of the sulcus (areas 36 and lateral half of 35). Note in addition, that, unlike in the presylvian sulcus (A,B), labeling in the posterior rhinal sulcus (C,D) is largely confined to the deep cortical layers.

Figure

Sub

area

and

laminar

specificity

of

the

cortical

connections

Dark

field

photomicrographs

under

polarized

light

Dorsal

is

at

the

top

and

medial

on

the

right

Bar

mm

A

Labeling

in

the

banks

of

the

presylvian

sulcus

following

a

dysgranular

insular

area

injection

case

no

The

lumen

of

the

sulcus

is

indicated

by

a

black

arrowhead

Clusters

of

labeled

terminals

and

somata

are

located

in

the

most

lateral

zone

of

the

dorsolateral

prefrontal

sector

single

white

arrow

and

in

area

double

white

arrow

Note

the

numerous

small

neurons

labeled

in

layer

II

of

the

gustatory

area

white

arrows

in

the

lower

left

B

Labeling

in

a

matching

coronal

level

from

a

brain

injected

in

the

anterior

sylvian

area

no

Note

the

conspicuous

column

like

clusterings

of

labeled

cells

and

terminals

arrows

in

the

medial

bank

of

the

sulcus

which

corresponds

to

the

dorsolateral

prefrontal

sector

Comparison

with

A

shows

that

the

dysgranular

insular

and

anterior

sylvian

areas

are

linked

to

non

overlapping

domains

of

the

dorsolateral

prefrontal

sector

C

Labeling

in

the

posterior

rhinal

sulcus

after

the

injection

in

no

Labeling

is

present

in

the

medial

bank

of

the

sulcus

corresponding

to

areas

the

dorsolateral

entorhinal

cortex

and

medial

part

of

A

black

arrowhead

indicates

the

lumen

of

the

sulcus

D

An

equivalent

coronal

level

of

the

posterior

rhinal

sulcus

in

case

no

Observe

that

in

contrast

to

C

labeling

here

involves

only

the

lateral

bank

and

lip

of

the

sulcus

areas

and

lateral

half

of

Note

in

addition

that

unlike

in

the

presylvian

sulcus

A

B

labeling

in

the

posterior

rhinal

sulcus

C

D

is

largely

confined

to

the

deep

cortical

layers


Figure 1: (A) Preoperative computer tomography anterior view, showing the type-B aortic interruption with the aneurysm arising from the distal segment of the interruption at the level of the left subclavian artery. Innominate vein causing an artefact effect because of its superimposition on the aneurysm. (B) Preoperative computer tomography posterior view, showing the type-B aortic interruption with the aneurysm arising from the distal segment of the interruption at the level of the left subclavian artery. Left subclavian artery origin is dilated and arises from the aneurysm. (C) Diagrammatic representation of the type-B aortic interruption with aneurysm before surgery. A: aneurysm; AA: ascending aorta; DD: descending aorta; RIA: right innominate artery; LCC: left common carotid; LSA: left subclavian artery; X: cross-clamp application site; IV: innominate vein.

Figure

A

Preoperative

computer

tomography

anterior

view

showing

the

type

B

aortic

interruption

with

the

aneurysm

arising

from

the

distal

segment

of

the

interruption

at

the

level

of

the

left

subclavian

artery

Innominate

vein

causing

an

artefact

effect

because

of

its

superimposition

on

the

aneurysm

B

Preoperative

computer

tomography

posterior

view

showing

the

type

B

aortic

interruption

with

the

aneurysm

arising

from

the

distal

segment

of

the

interruption

at

the

level

of

the

left

subclavian

artery

Left

subclavian

artery

origin

is

dilated

and

arises

from

the

aneurysm

C

Diagrammatic

representation

of

the

type

B

aortic

interruption

with

aneurysm

before

surgery

A

aneurysm

AA

ascending

aorta

DD

descending

aorta

RIA

right

innominate

artery

LCC

left

common

carotid

LSA

left

subclavian

artery

X

cross

clamp

application

site

IV

innominate

vein


Fig. 1 – Unannotated abdominal radiograph performed for abdominal and shoulder pain after insertion of rigid inflatable gastrostomy (RIG) tube (A). Annotated image demonstrates the gastropexy T-fastener (white lines), which demarcate the desired position of the initial gastrostomy puncture side (within the white quadrangle). The gastrostomy balloon (gray circle) and gastrostomy tube (black line) are seen inferomedially, indicating the gastrostomy tube has migrated from the initial gastrostomy puncture site (B).

Fig

Unannotated

abdominal

radiograph

performed

for

abdominal

and

shoulder

pain

after

insertion

of

rigid

inflatable

gastrostomy

RIG

tube

A

Annotated

image

demonstrates

the

gastropexy

T

fastener

white

lines

which

demarcate

the

desired

position

of

the

initial

gastrostomy

puncture

side

within

the

white

quadrangle

The

gastrostomy

balloon

gray

circle

and

gastrostomy

tube

black

line

are

seen

inferomedially

indicating

the

gastrostomy

tube

has

migrated

from

the

initial

gastrostomy

puncture

site

B


Figure 5. Fluorescence imaging of Hg 2+ in HeLa cells at 37°C (a) bright field image of 2 + Hg 2+ ions-treated HeLa cells; (b) fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells with compound 2 after 10 min of treatment of 10 μM Hg 2+ ions; (c) HeLa cells incubated with 2 for 30 min.

Figure

Fluorescence

imaging

of

Hg

in

HeLa

cells

at

C

a

bright

field

image

of

Hg

ions

treated

HeLa

cells

b

fluorescence

imaging

of

HeLa

cells

with

compound

after

min

of

treatment

of

μM

Hg

ions

c

HeLa

cells

incubated

with

for

min


Figure 1 X-ray appearance of pseudoaneurysm. A: Anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of femoral shaft nonunion 8 mo after interlocking IM nailing; B: An ovoid, soft tissue mass behind the fracture site is visible 1 mo after exchange nailing.

Figure

X

ray

appearance

of

pseudoaneurysm

A

Anteroposterior

and

lateral

radiograph

of

femoral

shaft

nonunion

mo

after

interlocking

IM

nailing

B

An

ovoid

soft

tissue

mass

behind

the

fracture

site

is

visible

mo

after

exchange

nailing


Figure 4. A 30-year-old man presented with left thoracoabdominal stabbing wound. (a) Axial thoracoabdominal CT examination with contrast administration shows subcutaneous air bubbles and hematoma formation in left-anterior abdominal wall as well as omental herniation through the large defect in diaphragm (arrow). (b) An arterial phase axial CT images passing more inferiorly demonstrates a large laceration and tiny pseudoaneurysm in left lobe of liver (arrow). In both images intraabdominal free fluid formations with a dense character consistent with diffuse hemoperitoneum are noted. The operative findings and CT signs were in agreement in this patient.

Figure

A

old

man

presented

with

left

thoracoabdominal

stabbing

wound

a

Axial

thoracoabdominal

CT

examination

with

contrast

administration

shows

subcutaneous

air

bubbles

and

hematoma

formation

in

left

anterior

abdominal

wall

as

well

as

omental

herniation

through

the

large

defect

in

diaphragm

arrow

b

An

arterial

phase

axial

CT

images

passing

more

inferiorly

demonstrates

a

large

laceration

and

tiny

pseudoaneurysm

in

left

lobe

of

liver

arrow

In

both

images

intraabdominal

free

fluid

formations

with

a

dense

character

consistent

with

diffuse

hemoperitoneum

are

noted

The

operative

findings

and

CT

signs

were

in

agreement

in

this

patient


Figure 3: Coregistration of FMT fluorescence images with CT anatomical images. (a) (Aortic root and arch and carotid arteries), (b) (proximal part of descending aorta) using Cat B FAST, (c) (aortic root and arch and carotid arteries), (d) (proximal part of descending aorta) using IntegriSense.

Figure

Coregistration

of

FMT

fluorescence

images

with

CT

anatomical

images

a

Aortic

root

and

arch

and

carotid

arteries

b

proximal

part

of

descending

aorta

using

Cat

B

FAST

c

aortic

root

and

arch

and

carotid

arteries

d

proximal

part

of

descending

aorta

using

IntegriSense


Fig. 1. White matter regions demonstrating a significant effect of pubertal status on mean diffusivity (MD). (A) A large single cluster of voxels from the mean skeleton was identified which showed a decrease in MD in the late puberty group compared with the early puberty group. 3D images in axial, sagittal and coronal dimensions, showing areas demonstrating a significant effect of puberty on MD (red), superimposed on 3D reconstruction of the mean white m D brain I vention a ard brai

Fig

White

matter

regions

demonstrating

a

significant

effect

of

pubertal

status

on

mean

diffusivity

MD

A

A

large

single

cluster

of

voxels

from

the

mean

skeleton

was

identified

which

showed

a

decrease

in

MD

in

the

late

puberty

group

compared

with

the

early

puberty

group

images

in

axial

sagittal

and

coronal

dimensions

showing

areas

demonstrating

a

significant

effect

of

puberty

on

MD

red

superimposed

on

reconstruction

of

the

mean

white

m

D

brain

I

vention

a

ard

brai


Fig. 2. Two-dimensional MR images showed the internal structure of porcine knee menisci. (A) Transverse MR plane showed the radially arranged structure. Spatial resolution, 43 43 84 mm. (B) Sagittal MR plane showed the circumferentially arranged structure. Spatial resolution, 59 59 312 mm. (C, D) Transverse MR planes showed tears and disruption of networks of the meniscal tissue (arrows). Spatial resolution, Image C: 43 43 125 mm; Image D: 47 47 86 mm.

Fig

Two

dimensional

MR

images

showed

the

internal

structure

of

porcine

knee

menisci

A

Transverse

MR

plane

showed

the

radially

arranged

structure

Spatial

resolution

mm

B

Sagittal

MR

plane

showed

the

circumferentially

arranged

structure

Spatial

resolution

mm

C

D

Transverse

MR

planes

showed

tears

and

disruption

of

networks

of

the

meniscal

tissue

arrows

Spatial

resolution

Image

C

mm

Image

D

mm


Fig. 4. Images obtained during percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (A). It was performed especially focused on right L5/S1 foramen. MRI obtained after the third operation (B), showing the same level as Fig. 3C, revealed facetectomy and decompression state at right L5/S1 extraforaminal region.

Fig

Images

obtained

during

percutaneous

epidural

neuroplasty

A

It

was

performed

especially

focused

on

right

foramen

MRI

obtained

after

the

third

operation

B

showing

the

same

level

as

Fig

revealed

facetectomy

and

decompression

state

at

right

extraforaminal

region


FIGURE 4. A, Chest radiograph showing whiteout of the right lung with central mediastinal position. B, Enhanced chest CT scan demonstrating total consolidation of the right lung.

FIGURE

A

Chest

radiograph

showing

whiteout

of

the

right

lung

with

central

mediastinal

position

B

Enhanced

chest

CT

scan

demonstrating

total

consolidation

of

the

right

lung


Figure 2. Photomicrographs of coronal brain sections showing a partial SCN lesion in animal B26-V34. Much of the SCN is spared in this animal, although circadian rhythmicity is lost after the lesion (behavior shown in Fig. 4A). A–C, Adjacent low-power sections stained for NP, VIP, and CaBP, respectively. A. Low-power view of a section through the SCN stained for NP (arrows indicate NP cells in the dorsomedial SCN). B. The lateral aspect of the SCN is damaged (asterisks). The arrow points to the region shown in high power in E. C, No immunostained cells could be detected in the SCN, although sparse CaBP cells can be seen in the adjacent hypothalamus (arrow). The box denotes the region that is shown in high power in F. D–F, High-power photomicrographs of sections stained for NP, VIP, and CaBP, respectively. No CaBP cells could be detected in the SCN. Scale bars: A–C, 100 mm; D, E, 10 mm; F, 20 mm.

Figure

Photomicrographs

of

coronal

brain

sections

showing

a

partial

SCN

lesion

in

animal

Much

of

the

SCN

is

spared

in

this

animal

although

circadian

rhythmicity

is

lost

after

the

lesion

behavior

shown

in

Fig

A

C

Adjacent

low

power

sections

stained

for

NP

VIP

and

CaBP

respectively

A.

Low

power

view

of

a

section

through

the

SCN

stained

for

NP

arrows

indicate

NP

cells

in

the

dorsomedial

SCN

B.

The

lateral

aspect

of

the

SCN

is

damaged

asterisks

The

arrow

points

to

the

region

shown

in

high

power

in

E.

C

No

immunostained

cells

could

be

detected

in

the

SCN

although

sparse

CaBP

cells

can

be

seen

in

the

adjacent

hypothalamus

arrow

The

box

denotes

the

region

that

is

shown

in

high

power

in

F.

D

F

High

power

photomicrographs

of

sections

stained

for

NP

VIP

and

CaBP

respectively

No

CaBP

cells

could

be

detected

in

the

SCN

Scale

bars

A

C

mm

D

E

mm

F

mm


Figure 4 Highlighting of enhanced HCC in real CT-images. Input images (A-D) with the correspondent output of the algorithm (E-H) in the same column. CT slices were obtained from exams of 4 different patients with HCCs, showing the detected HCCs (highlighted region) in the output images.

Figure

Highlighting

of

enhanced

HCC

in

real

CT

images

Input

images

A

D

with

the

correspondent

output

of

the

algorithm

E

H

in

the

same

column

CT

slices

were

obtained

from

exams

of

different

patients

with

HCCs

showing

the

detected

HCCs

highlighted

region

in

the

output

images


FIGURE 1. The tumor (approximately 40 mm in diameter) was hypovascular on enhanced computed tomography scan (right), indicated low intensity on T1-weighted MRI (center), and high intensity on T2-weighted or diffusion MRI (left). Dynamic study revealed peripheral enhancement on a late phase. The tumor located close to the inferior vena cava. MRI ¼ magnetic resonance imaging.

FIGURE

The

tumor

approximately

mm

in

diameter

was

hypovascular

on

enhanced

computed

tomography

scan

right

indicated

low

intensity

on

MRI

center

and

high

intensity

on

or

diffusion

MRI

left

Dynamic

study

revealed

peripheral

enhancement

on

a

late

phase

The

tumor

located

close

to

the

inferior

vena

cava

MRI

¼

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Figure 4. CT scan from patient 7 who had a successful Whipple's resection following PDT. (A) Image from CT before PDT showing tumour abutting the superior mesenteric artery (block arrow). (B) Four weeks after PDT, the repeat CT scan at the same level suggested that there was a clear tissue plane between the artery and the tumour (block arrow), so rendering him suitable for surgery. As these scans were at the level of maximum tumour involvement of the artery, they are not exactly at the same level as the PDT necrosis, which is not visible on scan (B).

Figure

CT

scan

from

patient

who

had

a

successful

Whipple

's

resection

following

PDT

A

Image

from

CT

before

PDT

showing

tumour

abutting

the

superior

mesenteric

artery

block

arrow

B

Four

weeks

after

PDT

the

repeat

CT

scan

at

the

same

level

suggested

that

there

was

a

clear

tissue

plane

between

the

artery

and

the

tumour

block

arrow

so

rendering

him

suitable

for

surgery

As

these

scans

were

at

the

level

of

maximum

tumour

involvement

of

the

artery

they

are

not

exactly

at

the

same

level

as

the

PDT

necrosis

which

is

not

visible

on

scan

B


Fig. 1 Radiological findings. a Non-enhanced chest CT of mediastinal condition showed a 35-mm mass in the right pulmonary hilum (arrow). b In enhanced chest CT of mediastinal condition, the tumor was strongly enhanced in the early phase (arrow). c In nonenhanced chest CT of lung field condition, abnormal findings were not found in the lung field. d FDG-PET scan showed accumulation only in the mass (arrow)

Fig

Radiological

findings

a

Non

enhanced

chest

CT

of

mediastinal

condition

showed

a

mass

in

the

right

pulmonary

hilum

arrow

b

In

enhanced

chest

CT

of

mediastinal

condition

the

tumor

was

strongly

enhanced

in

the

early

phase

arrow

c

In

nonenhanced

chest

CT

of

lung

field

condition

abnormal

findings

were

not

found

in

the

lung

field

d

FDG

PET

scan

showed

accumulation

only

in

the

mass

arrow


FIGURE 7 Arrow maps and magnetite locations of the two oldest subjects. Not shown here are the magnetite masses, calculated separately, but which we placed in Figure 8. (a) Upper right: Arrowmap of the particles of the 81 y/o subject. Other three images of a: Inverse solution placed onto the MRI of that subject. (b) The same for the 89 y/o subject. The location of magnetite particles is seen to be similar for these older diseasefree men, as well as their total mass, seen in Figure 8 to be about 12 μg [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE

Arrow

maps

and

magnetite

locations

of

the

two

oldest

subjects

Not

shown

here

are

the

magnetite

masses

calculated

separately

but

which

we

placed

in

Figure

a

Upper

right

Arrowmap

of

the

particles

of

the

y

o

subject

Other

three

images

of

a

Inverse

solution

placed

onto

the

MRI

of

that

subject

b

The

same

for

the

y

o

subject

The

location

of

magnetite

particles

is

seen

to

be

similar

for

these

older

diseasefree

men

as

well

as

their

total

mass

seen

in

Figure

to

be

about

μg

Color

figure

can

be

viewed

at

wileyonlinelibrary.com


Fig. 1. Hemodynamic features in the patients with SIP and non-SIP. Xe-CT scan images showing that two stroke paients with MCA stenosis had similar infarction in terms of both location (the basal ganglia) and size (A and E). In the SIP group, the infarction lesions were surrounded with large hypoperfused areas (B), the sizes of the hypoperfused areas in the ipsilateral hemisphere with the CBF values ranging from 10–20 mL/100 g/min (C, light blue) to 20–30 mL/100 g/min (D, navy blue) were signifi cantly larger than those in the contralateral hemisphere; Whereas in the non-SIP group, hypoperfusion area around the lesion was hardly visible (F), the sizes of hypoperfused areas in the ipsilateral hemisphere with the CBF ranging from 10–20 mL/100 g/min (G, light blue) to 20–30 mL/100 g/min (H, navy blue) were similar to those in the contralateral hemisphere.

Fig

Hemodynamic

features

in

the

patients

with

SIP

and

non

SIP

Xe

CT

scan

images

showing

that

two

stroke

paients

with

MCA

stenosis

had

similar

infarction

in

terms

of

both

location

the

basal

ganglia

and

size

A

and

E

In

the

SIP

group

the

infarction

lesions

were

surrounded

with

large

hypoperfused

areas

B

the

sizes

of

the

hypoperfused

areas

in

the

ipsilateral

hemisphere

with

the

CBF

values

ranging

from

g

min

C

light

blue

to

g

min

D

navy

blue

were

signifi

cantly

larger

than

those

in

the

contralateral

hemisphere

Whereas

in

the

non

SIP

group

hypoperfusion

area

around

the

lesion

was

hardly

visible

F

the

sizes

of

hypoperfused

areas

in

the

ipsilateral

hemisphere

with

the

CBF

ranging

from

g

min

G

light

blue

to

g

min

H

navy

blue

were

similar

to

those

in

the

contralateral

hemisphere


Figure 4. Nuclear morphological change after MP [4-(39,39- dimethylallyloxy)-5-methyl-6-methoxyphthalide] treatment. DAPI staining of HeLa cells treated without or with 40 mg/mL MP for 12 and 24 h shows chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The control was treated with 0.05% DMSO for 24 h.

Figure

Nuclear

morphological

change

after

MP

treatment

DAPI

staining

of

HeLa

cells

treated

without

or

with

mg

mL

MP

for

and

h

shows

chromatin

condensation

and

nuclear

fragmentation

The

control

was

treated

with

DMSO

for

h.


Figure 6. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography images just prior to surgery. (A) An anterior view. (B) A lateral view. The anterior wall of T11 was collapsed and the edge of the anterior wall overlapped with adjacent vertebrae, which made the resection line irregular.

Figure

Three

dimensional

computed

tomography

angiography

images

just

prior

to

surgery

A

An

anterior

view

B

A

lateral

view

The

anterior

wall

of

was

collapsed

and

the

edge

of

the

anterior

wall

overlapped

with

adjacent

vertebrae

which

made

the

resection

line

irregular


FIGURE 2 | Spatial profiles of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) channels. The upper panel (A) shows left and right side views of the probe arrangements are shown with fNIRS channel orientation. Detectors are indicated with dark circles, illuminators with light circles, and channels with white squares. Corresponding channel numbers are shown in black. The lower panel (B) shows the estimated channel locations on the brain for both left and right side views. The radii of the circles indicate the spatial variability associated with the estimation exhibited in the MNI space.

FIGURE

Spatial

profiles

of

functional

near

infrared

spectroscopy

fNIRS

channels

The

upper

panel

A

shows

left

and

right

side

views

of

the

probe

arrangements

are

shown

with

fNIRS

channel

orientation

Detectors

are

indicated

with

dark

circles

illuminators

with

light

circles

and

channels

with

white

squares

Corresponding

channel

numbers

are

shown

in

black

The

lower

panel

B

shows

the

estimated

channel

locations

on

the

brain

for

both

left

and

right

side

views

The

radii

of

the

circles

indicate

the

spatial

variability

associated

with

the

estimation

exhibited

in

the

MNI

space


Fig. 3 PET data (group analysis) showing brain activations following electrotactile stimulation of the tongue following training for the blind (A) and sighted controls (B). Note the rCBF increases in visual cortex of the trained blind only; rCBF changes were correlated with task performance. The left side of the image corresponds to the left side of the brain. The values below refer to the z-coordinate of the slices.

Fig

PET

data

group

analysis

showing

brain

activations

following

electrotactile

stimulation

of

the

tongue

following

training

for

the

blind

A

and

sighted

controls

B

Note

the

rCBF

increases

in

visual

cortex

of

the

trained

blind

only

rCBF

changes

were

correlated

with

task

performance

The

left

side

of

the

image

corresponds

to

the

left

side

of

the

brain

The

values

below

refer

to

the

z

coordinate

of

the

slices


Figure 1 PET and MRI images of a female patient with aortitis (64 years) at the time of diagnosis (A and C) and 3 months later (B and D). (A) and (B) display PET images of a 64 year old patient. Compared with liver tissue, an uptake can be visualised at the ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending (black arrows) and abdominal aorta (A). Three months later there is still an uptake at the ascending aorta aortic arch and descending aorta (arrow). However, comparing the uptake with liver tissue, we see an uptake of equal intensity, interpreted as improvement of the aortic inflammation (B). (C) and (D) show MRI images of the same patient with contrast agent enhancement of the aortic wall (descending aorta) of equal intensity (white arrows) at both times indicating the more ‘‘static’’ results obtained with that imaging technique. The grey arrow in A depicts unspecific staining of the heart.

Figure

PET

and

MRI

images

of

a

female

patient

with

aortitis

years

at

the

time

of

diagnosis

A

and

C

and

months

later

B

and

D

A

and

B

display

PET

images

of

a

year

old

patient

Compared

with

liver

tissue

an

uptake

can

be

visualised

at

the

ascending

aorta

aortic

arch

descending

black

arrows

and

abdominal

aorta

A

Three

months

later

there

is

still

an

uptake

at

the

ascending

aorta

aortic

arch

and

descending

aorta

arrow

However

comparing

the

uptake

with

liver

tissue

we

see

an

uptake

of

equal

intensity

interpreted

as

improvement

of

the

aortic

inflammation

B

C

and

D

show

MRI

images

of

the

same

patient

with

contrast

agent

enhancement

of

the

aortic

wall

descending

aorta

of

equal

intensity

white

arrows

at

both

times

indicating

the

more

static

results

obtained

with

that

imaging

technique

The

grey

arrow

in

A

depicts

unspecific

staining

of

the

heart


Figure 3. Chd7 is expressed in several organs, including organs affected in the CHARGE syndrome. (A–C) Sagittal sections through the head at E12.5 showing Chd7 expression in several areas of the brain, Rathke’s pouch, olfactory epithelium and olfactory ganglion. (D–F) Sagittal sections through the body (E12.5) show Chd7 expression in the lung epithelium, dorsal root ganglia, intestinal epithelium, enteric neurons and blood vessels. (G) A yolk sac (E8.5) stained by whole mount in situ hybridization for Chd7, showing expression in the vascular plexus. (H–I) At E14.5, Chd7 remains expressed strongly in several areas of the brain and the olfactory epithelium. (J) Sense control at E14.5. Scale bar: (A, H and J) 1 mm; (B, D and F) 200 mm; (C and I) 100 mm. III, third ventricle; IV, fourth ventricle; bv, blood vessel; co, cochlea; cp, choroid plexus; dr, dorsal root ganglion; en, enteric neurons; ge, ganglionic eminence; he, heart; lu, lung; lv, left ventricle; ki, kidney; me, medulla; mge, medial ganglionic eminence; nc, neopallial cortex; og, olfactory ganglion; ol, olfactory epithelium; op, oropharynx; rp, Rathke’s pouch; st, stomach; te, tectum; to, tongue; tp, tooth primordium; vp, vascular plexus; vz, ventricular zone.

Figure

is

expressed

in

several

organs

including

organs

affected

in

the

CHARGE

syndrome

A

C

Sagittal

sections

through

the

head

at

showing

expression

in

several

areas

of

the

brain

Rathke

’s

pouch

olfactory

epithelium

and

olfactory

ganglion

D

F

Sagittal

sections

through

the

body

show

expression

in

the

lung

epithelium

dorsal

root

ganglia

intestinal

epithelium

enteric

neurons

and

blood

vessels

G

A

yolk

sac

stained

by

whole

mount

in

situ

hybridization

for

showing

expression

in

the

vascular

plexus

H

I

At

remains

expressed

strongly

in

several

areas

of

the

brain

and

the

olfactory

epithelium

J

Sense

control

at

Scale

bar

A

H

and

J

mm

B

D

and

F

mm

C

and

I

mm

III

third

ventricle

IV

fourth

ventricle

bv

blood

vessel

co

cochlea

cp

choroid

plexus

dr

dorsal

root

ganglion

en

enteric

neurons

ge

ganglionic

eminence

he

heart

lu

lung

lv

left

ventricle

ki

kidney

me

medulla

mge

medial

ganglionic

eminence

nc

neopallial

cortex

og

olfactory

ganglion

ol

olfactory

epithelium

op

oropharynx

rp

Rathke

’s

pouch

st

stomach

te

tectum

to

tongue

tp

tooth

primordium

vp

vascular

plexus

vz

ventricular

zone


Figure 1. (A) Computed tomography (CT) scan prior to treatment with imatinib. (B) CT scan after 3 months treatment with imatinib.

Figure

A

Computed

tomography

CT

scan

prior

to

treatment

with

imatinib

B

CT

scan

after

months

treatment

with

imatinib


Fig. 2 a and b CT guided lung biopsy. Haematoxylin and eosin stain revealed absence of normal alveolar tissue, which were replaced by fibrous tissue. There were areas of histiocytes proliferation with the presence of refractile dental material (blue arrow). The fibrous tissue was lined by ciliated tall columnar respiratory epithelium (black arrow)

Fig

a

and

b

CT

guided

lung

biopsy

Haematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

revealed

absence

of

normal

alveolar

tissue

which

were

replaced

by

fibrous

tissue

There

were

areas

of

histiocytes

proliferation

with

the

presence

of

refractile

dental

material

blue

arrow

The

fibrous

tissue

was

lined

by

ciliated

tall

columnar

respiratory

epithelium

black

arrow


Fig. 3 | Photographs and CT volume renders of M. minima burrows from the Ediacaran Tamengo Formation, Ladário, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. a, Representative hand specimen of Tamengo Formation samples, specimen GPIE 11048b. b-d, Oxidized burrows with sub-horizontal trajectories, viewed in plan view on a bedding surface, GPIE-11048b (b), GPIE-11004b (c) and GPIE-11005a (d). Note that these specimens have been heavily weathered. e-g, Volume renders of CT slice data through the burrows constructed using the program Drishti. The burrows show curved, sub-horizontal trajectories, and are mostly < 100 µ m in diameter.

Fig

Photographs

and

CT

volume

renders

of

M.

minima

burrows

from

the

Ediacaran

Tamengo

Formation

Ladário

Mato

Grosso

do

Sul

State

Brazil

a

Representative

hand

specimen

of

Tamengo

Formation

samples

specimen

GPIE

b

d

Oxidized

burrows

with

sub

horizontal

trajectories

viewed

in

plan

view

on

a

bedding

surface

b

c

and

d

Note

that

these

specimens

have

been

heavily

weathered

e

g

Volume

renders

of

CT

slice

data

through

the

burrows

constructed

using

the

program

Drishti

The

burrows

show

curved

sub

horizontal

trajectories

and

are

mostly

µ

m

in

diameter