Figure 11: Sagittal view of the rotatorcuff with “coma” appearance of the myotendinous junction of the supra spinatus.

Figure

Sagittal

view

of

the

rotatorcuff

with

coma

appearance

of

the

myotendinous

junction

of

the

supra

spinatus


Fig. 1. - Pre-op. CT scan with iodized non ionic contrast medium showing a 3 cm in diameter nodular shadow in the upper segment of the lingula abutting the pleura, with irregular border and light hyperdensity.

Fig

Pre

op

CT

scan

with

iodized

non

ionic

contrast

medium

showing

a

cm

in

diameter

nodular

shadow

in

the

upper

segment

of

the

lingula

abutting

the

pleura

with

irregular

border

and

light

hyperdensity


Fig. 2. MRI findings of the mass. The gadolinium-enhanced T1 weighted images showed a posterior pharyngeal wall mass with central enhancement and hypointense portions (arrows).

Fig

MRI

findings

of

the

mass

The

gadolinium

enhanced

weighted

images

showed

a

posterior

pharyngeal

wall

mass

with

central

enhancement

and

hypointense

portions

arrows


Fig. 2. Transesophageal echocardiography images of a 25dayold boy with complete transposition of the great arteries and multiple muscular ventricular septal defects. The guide wire (A) and sheath (B) were passed through the ventricular septal defect perventricularly from the right ventricle to left venticle. A leftsided disc (aortic disc) was deployed (C) and pulled back to the septum (D) and a rightsided disc (pulmonic end) was configured (E). A minimal residual shunt was observed on color Doppler ultrasonography (F). On image D, a small amount of fluid collection is seen lateral to the left atrium.

Fig

Transesophageal

echocardiography

images

of

a

boy

with

complete

transposition

of

the

great

arteries

and

multiple

muscular

ventricular

septal

defects

The

guide

wire

A

and

sheath

B

were

passed

through

the

ventricular

septal

defect

perventricularly

from

the

right

ventricle

to

left

venticle

A

leftsided

disc

aortic

disc

was

deployed

C

and

pulled

back

to

the

septum

D

and

a

rightsided

disc

pulmonic

end

was

configured

E

A

minimal

residual

shunt

was

observed

on

color

Doppler

ultrasonography

F

On

image

D

a

small

amount

of

fluid

collection

is

seen

lateral

to

the

left

atrium


Fig. 2 Two transverse postmortem ultrasound images of the chest in the same 23-week gestational-aged foetus, obtained 4 days after death. Postmortem ultrasound performed outside the water bath (a) and with foetus in the water bath (b). Notice how the thoracic cage was collapsed both due to body laxity and transducer compression in image (a), but how there is improved visualisation of the heart (asterisk) and lungs (white arrows) using the water bath (b) as the chest expands

Fig

Two

transverse

postmortem

ultrasound

images

of

the

chest

in

the

same

gestational

aged

foetus

obtained

days

after

death

Postmortem

ultrasound

performed

outside

the

water

bath

a

and

with

foetus

in

the

water

bath

b

Notice

how

the

thoracic

cage

was

collapsed

both

due

to

body

laxity

and

transducer

compression

in

image

a

but

how

there

is

improved

visualisation

of

the

heart

asterisk

and

lungs

white

arrows

using

the

water

bath

b

as

the

chest

expands


Figure 4. a–c. Acquired SOV pseudoaneurysm (white arrow) in a 67-year-old man following aortic valve replacement. Axial (a, b) and oblique sagittal reconstructed (c) images from contrast-enhanced ECG-gated chest CT show contained rupture of left coronary sinus of Valsalva (Lt CS) with pseudoaneurysm formation (c, white asterisk) into the aortomitral space (black asterisk) with mass effect on the left atrium (LA) posteriorly and left main coronary artery (LMCA) anteriorly due to external compression (AA, ascending aorta; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium).

Figure

a

c

Acquired

SOV

pseudoaneurysm

white

arrow

in

a

old

man

following

aortic

valve

replacement

Axial

a

b

and

oblique

sagittal

reconstructed

c

images

from

contrast

enhanced

ECG

gated

chest

CT

show

contained

rupture

of

left

coronary

sinus

of

Valsalva

Lt

CS

with

pseudoaneurysm

formation

c

white

asterisk

into

the

aortomitral

space

black

asterisk

with

mass

effect

on

the

left

atrium

LA

posteriorly

and

left

main

coronary

artery

LMCA

anteriorly

due

to

external

compression

AA

ascending

aorta

LV

left

ventricle

RA

right

atrium


Figure 3 Immunolocalisation of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in intra- and interlobular ducts of human pancreas (A–H) and rat pancreas (I–J). (A, B) Immunoperoxidase labelling of apical and basolateral membranes of intralobular ducts (id) in longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) section. Intralobular ducts are larger than intercalated ducts and have a clear luminal space surrounded by 8–14 small cuboidal cells when viewed in cross section. Note the absence of labelling from the islets of Langerhans (L) in (B). (C–E) Immunofluorescence labelling of intralobular ducts (id) with antibodies to AQP1 (C) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (D), and superimposed (E). While AQP1 labelling is uniform over the apical and basolateral surfaces (C), CFTR labelling at the apical membrane is patchy (arrowheads, D). Intercalated duct cells (ic) also show colocalisation of AQP1 and CFTR (arrows, D) at the apical membrane. (F–H) Immunoperoxidase labelling of AQP1 in interlobular and main ducts. Labelling is mainly at the apical membrane in small interlobular ducts (arrows, F) and virtually absent from the larger interlobular ducts (G) and main duct (md, H). Note the strong labelling of capillaries (c, G) and centroacinar cells (ca, H) which provide a positive internal control. (I, J) Immunoperoxidase labelling of AQP1 in rat pancreas. Within the lobules (I), labelling was present in capillaries (c), venules (v), and intralobular ducts (ID). Labelling in the ductal system was confined to the interlobular ducts (id, J) and shows slightly stronger labelling at the apical and lateral surfaces of the epithelial cells than at the basal surface.

Figure

Immunolocalisation

of

aquaporin

expression

in

intra-

and

interlobular

ducts

of

human

pancreas

A

H

and

rat

pancreas

I

J

A

B

Immunoperoxidase

labelling

of

apical

and

basolateral

membranes

of

intralobular

ducts

i

d

in

longitudinal

A

and

transverse

B

section

Intralobular

ducts

are

larger

than

intercalated

ducts

and

have

a

clear

luminal

space

surrounded

by

small

cuboidal

cells

when

viewed

in

cross

section

Note

the

absence

of

labelling

from

the

islets

of

Langerhans

L

in

B

C

E

Immunofluorescence

labelling

of

intralobular

ducts

i

d

with

antibodies

to

C

and

cystic

fibrosis

transmembrane

conductance

regulator

CFTR

D

and

superimposed

E

While

labelling

is

uniform

over

the

apical

and

basolateral

surfaces

C

CFTR

labelling

at

the

apical

membrane

is

patchy

arrowheads

D

Intercalated

duct

cells

ic

also

show

colocalisation

of

and

CFTR

arrows

D

at

the

apical

membrane

F

H

Immunoperoxidase

labelling

of

in

interlobular

and

main

ducts

Labelling

is

mainly

at

the

apical

membrane

in

small

interlobular

ducts

arrows

F

and

virtually

absent

from

the

larger

interlobular

ducts

G

and

main

duct

md

H

Note

the

strong

labelling

of

capillaries

c

G

and

centroacinar

cells

ca

H

which

provide

a

positive

internal

control

I

J

Immunoperoxidase

labelling

of

in

rat

pancreas

Within

the

lobules

I

labelling

was

present

in

capillaries

c

venules

v

and

intralobular

ducts

ID

Labelling

in

the

ductal

system

was

confined

to

the

interlobular

ducts

i

d

J

and

shows

slightly

stronger

labelling

at

the

apical

and

lateral

surfaces

of

the

epithelial

cells

than

at

the

basal

surface


FIGURE 7. Ultrasound energy plus targeting augment lipophilic delivery to C32 melanoma cells. Fluorescent lipid transferred from nanoparticles is green. (a) Confocal micrographs under normal conditions for nontargeted (NT) cells show minimal nonspecific internalization (dashed line indicates cell boundary). (b) a v b 3 integrin targeted (T) cells demonstrate specific targeting of nanoparticles to cell surface (green dots) and delivery of lipids in cell cytoplasm (diffuse green). (c) and (d) After ultrasound (US) insonification for 5 min, marked enhancement of cytoplasmic lipid delivery (diffuse green) was observed for both nontargeted (c) and targeted (d) cells, with the most dramatic effect for the targeted nanoparticles with insonification (d). The cell components observed are the nucleus (dark circular region) cell cytoplasm (bright interior), and cell membrane (bright borders). Scale bar: 2 mm. (Reprinted with permission from Crowder et al.

FIGURE

Ultrasound

energy

plus

targeting

augment

lipophilic

delivery

to

melanoma

cells

Fluorescent

lipid

transferred

from

nanoparticles

is

green

a

Confocal

micrographs

under

normal

conditions

for

nontargeted

NT

cells

show

minimal

nonspecific

internalization

dashed

line

indicates

cell

boundary

b

a

v

b

integrin

targeted

T

cells

demonstrate

specific

targeting

of

nanoparticles

to

cell

surface

green

dots

and

delivery

of

lipids

in

cell

cytoplasm

diffuse

green

c

and

d

After

ultrasound

US

insonification

for

min

marked

enhancement

of

cytoplasmic

lipid

delivery

diffuse

green

was

observed

for

both

nontargeted

c

and

targeted

d

cells

with

the

most

dramatic

effect

for

the

targeted

nanoparticles

with

insonification

d

The

cell

components

observed

are

the

nucleus

dark

circular

region

cell

cytoplasm

bright

interior

and

cell

membrane

bright

borders

Scale

bar

mm

Reprinted

with

permission

from

Crowder

et

al


Figure 1. Brain MRI. A post-gadolinium T1-weighted image on the second day (A, B) and the 16th day (C, D) after admission. The dura mater was partially thickened in the right frontal and temporal lobes using gadolinium enhancement (A, B, arrow), and this thickening improved after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy (C, D).

Figure

Brain

MRI

A

post

gadolinium

image

on

the

second

day

A

B

and

the

day

C

D

after

admission

The

dura

mater

was

partially

thickened

in

the

right

frontal

and

temporal

lobes

using

gadolinium

enhancement

A

B

arrow

and

this

thickening

improved

after

the

initiation

of

corticosteroid

therapy

C

D


Fig 1. Macular pigment changes after ERM peeling. Multicolor imaging (A and D), MPOD level (B and E), and microperimetry (C and F) in the left eye of a 68-year-old woman with idiopathic epiretinal membrane at baseline (A-C) and at 6 months after vitrectomy (D-F). Multicolor imaging shows the disappearance of idiopathic epiretinal membrane following vitrectomy. The MPOD level increased after vitrectomy. Microperimetry shows an increase in macular sensitivity following vitrectomy. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197034.g001

Fig

Macular

pigment

changes

after

ERM

peeling

Multicolor

imaging

A

and

D

MPOD

level

B

and

E

and

microperimetry

C

and

F

in

the

left

eye

of

a

old

woman

with

idiopathic

epiretinal

membrane

at

baseline

A

C

and

at

months

after

vitrectomy

D

F

Multicolor

imaging

shows

the

disappearance

of

idiopathic

epiretinal

membrane

following

vitrectomy

The

MPOD

level

increased

after

vitrectomy

Microperimetry

shows

an

increase

in

macular

sensitivity

following

vitrectomy


FIGURE 5 | Pectin immunogold labeling with LM5 (A–C), LM6 (D–F), JIM7 (G–I) and LM5 antibodies (J–L) in the cytoplasm and coat of pollen-like structures (left column) and embryogenic microspores (central column), and in inner cell walls of embryogenic microspores (right column). ct: cytoplasm; cw: cell wall; ex: exine; gs: Golgi stack; in: intine; s: starch granule; sl; subintinal layer; v: vacuole. Bars: 100 nm.

FIGURE

Pectin

immunogold

labeling

with

A

C

D

F

G

I

and

antibodies

J

L

in

the

cytoplasm

and

coat

of

pollen

like

structures

left

column

and

embryogenic

microspores

central

column

and

in

inner

cell

walls

of

embryogenic

microspores

right

column

ct

cytoplasm

cw

cell

wall

ex

exine

gs

Golgi

stack

in

intine

s

starch

granule

sl

subintinal

layer

v

vacuole

Bars

nm


Fig. 10. Semi-thin sections, 2 lm thickness, from an inner ear embedded in Spurr’s resin after immunolabeling and clearing in MSBB. A typical transverse section through the organ of Corti stained by Richardson’s stain at 20 (A) and 63 (C) with DIC optics. An adjacent section viewed by epi-fluorescence at 20 (B) and at 63 (D) displays high levels of non-specific fluorescence in the spiral limbus (SpL), tectorial membrane (TM), spiral ligament (SpLig), basilar membrane (BM) and Reissner’s membrane (R) as well as within the epoxy. Hair cells and nerves are labeled for parvalbumin (green) and for DNA by To-Pro-3 (red). 129/CBA mouse, P6 months. 20 /.75 Plan-Apochromat objective lens (A–B), 63 /1.4 oil immersion Plan-Apochromat (C–D).

Fig

Semi

thin

sections

lm

thickness

from

an

inner

ear

embedded

in

Spurr

’s

resin

after

immunolabeling

and

clearing

in

MSBB

A

typical

transverse

section

through

the

organ

of

Corti

stained

by

Richardson

’s

stain

at

A

and

C

with

DIC

optics

An

adjacent

section

viewed

by

epi

fluorescence

at

B

and

at

D

displays

high

levels

of

non

specific

fluorescence

in

the

spiral

limbus

SpL

tectorial

membrane

TM

spiral

ligament

SpLig

basilar

membrane

BM

and

Reissner

’s

membrane

R

as

well

as

within

the

epoxy

Hair

cells

and

nerves

are

labeled

for

parvalbumin

green

and

for

DNA

by

To

red

CBA

mouse

months

Plan

Apochromat

objective

lens

A

B

oil

immersion

Plan

Apochromat

C

D


Fig. 1. Magnetic resonance T,-weighted images showing the deleterious effects of a large dose of ethanol on ischemic brain injury. The brains of three different MCAO rats are shown [(A) vehicle control, (B) 2 g/kg ethanol, and (C) 3 g/kg ethanol given ip 1 hr before left MCAO]. (Left to right) Posterior to anterior coronal slices of the same animal. Note the larger lesion (whiter area) in the right hemisphere of rat brain (C). For clarity, the lesion areas are outlined as illustrated.

Fig

Magnetic

resonance

T,-weighted

images

showing

the

deleterious

effects

of

a

large

dose

of

ethanol

on

ischemic

brain

injury

The

brains

of

three

different

MCAO

rats

are

shown

A

vehicle

control

B

g

kg

ethanol

and

C

g

kg

ethanol

given

ip

hr

before

left

MCAO

Left

to

right

Posterior

to

anterior

coronal

slices

of

the

same

animal

Note

the

larger

lesion

whiter

area

in

the

right

hemisphere

of

rat

brain

C

For

clarity

the

lesion

areas

are

outlined

as

illustrated


Fig. 6. (A-I) Duplication of the FAZ is unaffected by depletion of TbCentrin4. Control (A,B), TbCentrin4-RNAi (C-G) and TbCentrin2-RNAi (H,I) cells were fixed and labeled for FAZ (L3B2; red) and DNA (DAPI; blue). Note that the new FAZ (indicated by triple arrows) in control cells that undergo nuclear division remained attached to the cell body and that cell division initiated only after full segregation of the duplicated nuclei (distance ~6 μm ; not shown) (see also Robinson et al.,1995). In cells depleted of TbCentrin4 (C,D), the FAZ was the same length in both the 1K1N (control) and 1K0N (zoid) cells (E; n=100, mean ± s.d.). However, cell division initiated even before full segregation of the nuclei (F,G). By contrast, in cells depleted of TbCentrin2, formation of the new FAZ was inhibited (truncated new FAZ indicated by arrow), consistent with the known inhibition of cytokinesis (H,I). Scale bar, 5 μm.

Fig

A

I

Duplication

of

the

FAZ

is

unaffected

by

depletion

of

Control

A

B

C

G

and

H

I

cells

were

fixed

and

labeled

for

FAZ

red

and

DNA

DAPI

blue

Note

that

the

new

FAZ

indicated

by

triple

arrows

in

control

cells

that

undergo

nuclear

division

remained

attached

to

the

cell

body

and

that

cell

division

initiated

only

after

full

segregation

of

the

duplicated

nuclei

distance

μm

not

shown

see

also

Robinson

et

al

In

cells

depleted

of

C

D

the

FAZ

was

the

same

length

in

both

the

control

and

zoid

cells

E

mean

s.d

However

cell

division

initiated

even

before

full

segregation

of

the

nuclei

F

G

By

contrast

in

cells

depleted

of

formation

of

the

new

FAZ

was

inhibited

truncated

new

FAZ

indicated

by

arrow

consistent

with

the

known

inhibition

of

cytokinesis

H

I

Scale

bar

μm


Fig. 2. Transverse T2-weighted (3800 ms for TR, 90 ms for TE; A, B, C, D) and T1-weighted (540 ms for TR, 26 ms for TE; E, F, G, H) images of a dog with hepatic encephalopathy. Left images show the same level as right images. (A, B, C, D) Diffuse bilateral symmetrical hyperintense signals are demonstrated in the cerebral cortex from the parietal lobe to the temporal lobe (arrows) on the T2-weighted images. (E, F, G, H) No signal changes are visible on the T1-weighted images. Note the generally widened cerebral sulci.

Fig

Transverse

ms

for

TR

ms

for

TE

A

B

C

D

and

ms

for

TR

ms

for

TE

E

F

G

H

images

of

a

dog

with

hepatic

encephalopathy

Left

images

show

the

same

level

as

right

images

A

B

C

D

Diffuse

bilateral

symmetrical

hyperintense

signals

are

demonstrated

in

the

cerebral

cortex

from

the

parietal

lobe

to

the

temporal

lobe

arrows

on

the

images

E

F

G

H

No

signal

changes

are

visible

on

the

images

Note

the

generally

widened

cerebral

sulci


Fig. 1. Axial computed tomography (CT) scans of the patient before sunitinib induction therapy, demonstrating the primary renal tumour(*), pleural carcinomitosis of the lung (A) and liver (C) compared to the scans after 18 months of a standard sunitinib dose of 50 mg/day (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off) demonstrating virtual resolution of the lung (B) and liver (D) metastases. A: Axial CT-Scan before sunitinib induction therapy demonstrating pleural carcinomitosis of the lung; B: Axial CT-Scan after 18 months of standard sunitinib demonstrating virtual resolution of the pleural carcinomitosis of the lung; C: Axial CT-Scan before sunitinib induction demonstrating liver and retroperitoneal metastases; D: Axial CT-Scan after 18 months of standard sunitinib and a cytoreductive nephrectomy demonstrating virtual resolution of the liver metastases and removal of the primary tumour.

Fig

Axial

computed

tomography

CT

scans

of

the

patient

before

sunitinib

induction

therapy

demonstrating

the

primary

renal

tumour

pleural

carcinomitosis

of

the

lung

A

and

liver

C

compared

to

the

scans

after

months

of

a

standard

sunitinib

dose

of

mg

day

weeks

on

weeks

off

demonstrating

virtual

resolution

of

the

lung

B

and

liver

D

metastases

A

Axial

CT

Scan

before

sunitinib

induction

therapy

demonstrating

pleural

carcinomitosis

of

the

lung

B

Axial

CT

Scan

after

months

of

standard

sunitinib

demonstrating

virtual

resolution

of

the

pleural

carcinomitosis

of

the

lung

C

Axial

CT

Scan

before

sunitinib

induction

demonstrating

liver

and

retroperitoneal

metastases

D

Axial

CT

Scan

after

months

of

standard

sunitinib

and

a

cytoreductive

nephrectomy

demonstrating

virtual

resolution

of

the

liver

metastases

and

removal

of

the

primary

tumour


Fig. 3. Representative CT images of patient 1 and patient 2 (patient 1: A–B; patient 2: C–D) showing compression fracture before and after radiation therapy. Twentyfive months after the completion of radiation therapy, patient 1 showed a wedge compression in L2 (B), where the radiation dose was the highest (30.9 Gy). Patient 2 showed wedge compression in T12 at 14 months post-radiation therapy after receiving 42.2 Gy radiation dose to the vertebral body (D).

Fig

Representative

CT

images

of

patient

and

patient

patient

A

B

patient

C

D

showing

compression

fracture

before

and

after

radiation

therapy

Twentyfive

months

after

the

completion

of

radiation

therapy

patient

showed

a

wedge

compression

in

B

where

the

radiation

dose

was

the

highest

Gy

Patient

showed

wedge

compression

in

at

months

post

radiation

therapy

after

receiving

Gy

radiation

dose

to

the

vertebral

body

D


Fig. 1 Case 3 with SBT-MP. 25-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian SBT-MP. Sagittal T2WI (a) shows a solid mass (arrowhead) with inhomogeneous slight hyperintensity on the surface of a normal left ovarian structure (white arrow). The contralateral mass showed similar findings of normal ovarian structure within the mass (not shown). A small amount of ascites is present (black arrow). The internal branching architecture within both masses (arrows) is obscure on both sagittal and axial T2WI (b). Both ovarian masses are hyperintense on DWI (c). A photomicrograph (d) shows diffuse proliferation of the tumor cells in micropapillary projections with little stroma. Pinkish-stained hyaline degeneration (arrowheads) and randomly distributed edema (arrows) in the internal branching fibrous stalk are observed. Tiny cystic lesions that appeared deceptively normal on MRI were confirmed in both ovarian cortexes (e)

Fig

Case

with

SBT

MP

old

woman

with

bilateral

ovarian

SBT

MP

Sagittal

a

shows

a

solid

mass

arrowhead

with

inhomogeneous

slight

hyperintensity

on

the

surface

of

a

normal

left

ovarian

structure

white

arrow

The

contralateral

mass

showed

similar

findings

of

normal

ovarian

structure

within

the

mass

not

shown

A

small

amount

of

ascites

is

present

black

arrow

The

internal

branching

architecture

within

both

masses

arrows

is

obscure

on

both

sagittal

and

axial

b

Both

ovarian

masses

are

hyperintense

on

DWI

c

A

photomicrograph

d

shows

diffuse

proliferation

of

the

tumor

cells

in

micropapillary

projections

with

little

stroma

Pinkish

stained

hyaline

degeneration

arrowheads

and

randomly

distributed

edema

arrows

in

the

internal

branching

fibrous

stalk

are

observed

Tiny

cystic

lesions

that

appeared

deceptively

normal

on

MRI

were

confirmed

in

both

ovarian

cortexes

e


Figure 2. (A, B) Influence of TNF-a on actin cytoskeleton reorganization in HPMCs. (A) The fluorescence picture shows a predominant localization of F-actin at the rim of the cells (arrows) in absence of TNF-a. (B) The presence of TNF-a leads to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton accompanied by the formation of actin stress fibers (arrowheads). Scale bars: 50 mm. (C, D) Spatial separation of HPMCs results in complete inhibition of NT formation. (C) Scanning electron and live-cell fluorescence microscopy pictures of HPMCs one hour after plating on homogeneously collagen I coated glass cover slides. The white arrows point to NTs spanned between the cells. Scale bars (left): 100 mm; (right): 20 mm. (D) HPMCs seeded on IKVAV functionalized (50 mM) microstructured surfaces with a gold disk diameter and spacing of 50 mm. Scanning electron microscopy (left panel) and livecell imaging analyses (right panel) were performed one hour after plating. Note that cells exclusively attach to the biofunctionalized gold disk structures. The inserts in A, B and D represent higher magnified images. Scale bars (left): 100 mm; (right): 20 mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029537.g002

Figure

A

B

Influence

of

TNF

a

on

actin

cytoskeleton

reorganization

in

HPMCs

A

The

fluorescence

picture

shows

a

predominant

localization

of

F

actin

at

the

rim

of

the

cells

arrows

in

absence

of

TNF

a

B

The

presence

of

TNF

a

leads

to

reorganization

of

the

actin

cytoskeleton

accompanied

by

the

formation

of

actin

stress

fibers

arrowheads

Scale

bars

mm

C

D

Spatial

separation

of

HPMCs

results

in

complete

inhibition

of

NT

formation

C

Scanning

electron

and

live

cell

fluorescence

microscopy

pictures

of

HPMCs

one

hour

after

plating

on

homogeneously

collagen

I

coated

glass

cover

slides

The

white

arrows

point

to

NTs

spanned

between

the

cells

Scale

bars

left

mm

right

mm

D

HPMCs

seeded

on

IKVAV

functionalized

mM

microstructured

surfaces

with

a

gold

disk

diameter

and

spacing

of

mm

Scanning

electron

microscopy

left

panel

and

livecell

imaging

analyses

right

panel

were

performed

one

hour

after

plating

Note

that

cells

exclusively

attach

to

the

biofunctionalized

gold

disk

structures

The

inserts

in

A

B

and

D

represent

higher

magnified

images

Scale

bars

left

mm

right

mm


Fig. 5 Contributions of hyoid-stream neural crest to adult cranial cartilages (continued). GFP-labeled cells are present in the ventral portion of the septum nasi (A; Sept nasi), in the oblique cartilage (C; Obl cart), and in the planum terminale (E; Pl term). (A) frontal section; anterior at top. (B–E) transverse sections; images paired as in Fig. 2. Fluorescently labeled cartilage cells were only observed on the right side in each specimen. Scale bar, 1 mm.

Fig

Contributions

of

hyoid

stream

neural

crest

to

adult

cranial

cartilages

continued

GFP

labeled

cells

are

present

in

the

ventral

portion

of

the

septum

nasi

A

Sept

nasi

in

the

oblique

cartilage

C

Obl

cart

and

in

the

planum

terminale

E

Pl

term

A

frontal

section

anterior

at

top

B

E

transverse

sections

images

paired

as

in

Fig

Fluorescently

labeled

cartilage

cells

were

only

observed

on

the

right

side

in

each

specimen

Scale

bar

mm


Fig. 4 MIBI SPECT/CT and FCH PET/CT images of a 68-yold female patient with PHPT, an inconclusive cervical ultrasound report (dubious right inferior focus only visible on one plane) and a negative MIBI SPECT/CT. (a) MIBI SPECT maximumintensity-projection, (c) MIBI SPECT/CT transverse slice, (b) FCH PET maximum-intensityprojection, and (d) FCH PET/CT transverse slice. The MIBI and FCH MIP images (a, b) did not show clear focal uptake in the lower neck. However, the FCH PET/CT transverse slice (d) showed increased FCH uptake in a small ectopic deep-laying leftsided PTA in the upper mediastinum, which was negative on MIBI SPECT/CT (c) (red arrows). Successful ectopic parathyroidectomy was performed, leading to cure

Fig

MIBI

SPECT

CT

and

FCH

PET

CT

images

of

a

female

patient

with

PHPT

an

inconclusive

cervical

ultrasound

report

dubious

right

inferior

focus

only

visible

on

one

plane

and

a

negative

MIBI

SPECT

CT

a

MIBI

SPECT

maximumintensity

projection

c

MIBI

SPECT

CT

transverse

slice

b

FCH

PET

maximum

intensityprojection

and

d

FCH

PET

CT

transverse

slice

The

MIBI

and

FCH

MIP

images

a

b

did

not

show

clear

focal

uptake

in

the

lower

neck

However

the

FCH

PET

CT

transverse

slice

d

showed

increased

FCH

uptake

in

a

small

ectopic

deep

laying

leftsided

PTA

in

the

upper

mediastinum

which

was

negative

on

MIBI

SPECT

CT

c

red

arrows

Successful

ectopic

parathyroidectomy

was

performed

leading

to

cure


Figure 6 . Localization of initial precipitation of apatitic mineral in experimental bioprosthetic valve calcification, visualized by transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Elemental maps (phosphorus [blue] and calcium [yellow]) of glutaraldehydepretreated porcine aortic valve, produced using the Zeiss EM 902; (A) and (B) unimplanted tissue; (C) and (D) tissue implanted subdermally in the rat for 24 h; and (E) and (F) tissue implanted for 48 h. A single cell is shown in each set of photographs. Phosphorus but not calcium can be demonstrated in the unimplanted tissue (A and B), primarily in the nucleus (n) and focally in the cell membrane (arrow). Following 24 h implantation (C) and (D), there is accumulation of calcium diffusely in the extracellular space (asterisks). Following 48 h implantation (E) and (F), there is accumulation of calcium in association with the localized phosphorus, to form electrondense, well-defined precipitates (arrows). (e = 150 eV for contrast enhancement of unstained 30-nm sections. Specific energies: calcium e = 320-360 eV [L2,3 = 346.41, phosphorus e = 110-140 eV [L2,3 = 132.21. Original magnification 10,000 X. (Reproduced by permission from C. L. Webb et al., “Inhibition of mineralization of glutaraldehyde-pretreated bovine pericardium by A1C13 and other metallic salts in rat subdermal model studies,” Am. J. Puthol., in press.)

Figure

Localization

of

initial

precipitation

of

apatitic

mineral

in

experimental

bioprosthetic

valve

calcification

visualized

by

transmission

electron

microscopy

with

electron

energy

loss

spectroscopy

EELS

Elemental

maps

phosphorus

blue

and

calcium

yellow

of

glutaraldehydepretreated

porcine

aortic

valve

produced

using

the

Zeiss

EM

A

and

B

unimplanted

tissue

C

and

D

tissue

implanted

subdermally

in

the

rat

for

h

and

E

and

F

tissue

implanted

for

h.

A

single

cell

is

shown

in

each

set

of

photographs

Phosphorus

but

not

calcium

can

be

demonstrated

in

the

unimplanted

tissue

A

and

B

primarily

in

the

nucleus

n

and

focally

in

the

cell

membrane

arrow

Following

h

implantation

C

and

D

there

is

accumulation

of

calcium

diffusely

in

the

extracellular

space

asterisks

Following

h

implantation

E

and

F

there

is

accumulation

of

calcium

in

association

with

the

localized

phosphorus

to

form

electrondense

well

defined

precipitates

arrows

e

eV

for

contrast

enhancement

of

unstained

sections

Specific

energies

calcium

e

eV

phosphorus

e

eV

Original

magnification

X.

Reproduced

by

permission

from

C.

L.

Webb

et

al

Inhibition

of

mineralization

of

glutaraldehyde

pretreated

bovine

pericardium

by

and

other

metallic

salts

in

rat

subdermal

model

studies

Am

J.

Puthol

in

press


Figure 1 Assessment methods for total cross-sectional area and linear area. (A) Total cross-sectional area at the third lumber vertebra analysed using research software. (B) Linear measures applied to the right and left psoas and paraspinal groups using the digital ruler in radiological software. (A) Assessed total L3 cross-sectional area using Slice-O-Matic research software. (B) Applied the eight linear measures to the L3 using the digital ruler native to most radiological software. To minimize the inconsistencies between analysts, the orientation of each line remained in the horizontal or vertical direction as the scan appears on the screen, irrespective of the orientation of the patients (i.e. on some scans, the individuals did not appear evenly flat on their backs). A strategy to envision the linear measurement is to consider the line placement not as lines drawn such that their length and width is perfectly within the boundaries of the muscle itself, but rather to draw two lines within which the entirety of the muscle would be enclosed if they were to form a rectangular box, as indicated with dotted guideline on Figure 1B. A detailed step-by-step protocol is included in Supporting Information to the original Avrutin et al. publication that established this method.

Figure

Assessment

methods

for

total

cross

sectional

area

and

linear

area

A

Total

cross

sectional

area

at

the

third

lumber

vertebra

analysed

using

research

software

B

Linear

measures

applied

to

the

right

and

left

psoas

and

paraspinal

groups

using

the

digital

ruler

in

radiological

software

A

Assessed

total

cross

sectional

area

using

Slice

O

Matic

research

software

B

Applied

the

eight

linear

measures

to

the

using

the

digital

ruler

native

to

most

radiological

software

To

minimize

the

inconsistencies

between

analysts

the

orientation

of

each

line

remained

in

the

horizontal

or

vertical

direction

as

the

scan

appears

on

the

screen

irrespective

of

the

orientation

of

the

patients

i.e.

on

some

scans

the

individuals

did

not

appear

evenly

flat

on

their

backs

A

strategy

to

envision

the

linear

measurement

is

to

consider

the

line

placement

not

as

lines

drawn

such

that

their

length

and

width

is

perfectly

within

the

boundaries

of

the

muscle

itself

but

rather

to

draw

two

lines

within

which

the

entirety

of

the

muscle

would

be

enclosed

if

they

were

to

form

a

rectangular

box

as

indicated

with

dotted

guideline

on

Figure

A

detailed

step

by

step

protocol

is

included

in

Supporting

Information

to

the

original

Avrutin

et

al

publication

that

established

this

method


Fig. 3. Anatomically standardized BF-227 PET images and the results of eZIS with or without the removal of the skull uptake ("scalping"). Shown are the data of Case 2, a 66-year-old ND woman. (a-c) An anatomically standardized image of the original BF-227 PET image (a) and the results of eZIS (b, c). (a) The white line represents the contour of the standard brain. Some portions of the skull uptake are seen in the white line (arrows). (b) A high Z-score area is observed at the peripheral region of the brain (arrowheads). (c) The abnormalities are seen globally on the surface map (arrows). (d-f) An anatomically standardized image after "scalping" (d) and the results of eZIS (e, f). (d) The edge of the brain matches the white line. (e, f) The high Z-score area at the peripheral region of the brain and the global abnormalities on the surface map disappeared after "scalping".

Fig

Anatomically

standardized

PET

images

and

the

results

of

eZIS

with

or

without

the

removal

of

the

skull

uptake

scalping

Shown

are

the

data

of

Case

a

old

ND

woman

a

c

An

anatomically

standardized

image

of

the

original

PET

image

a

and

the

results

of

eZIS

b

c

a

The

white

line

represents

the

contour

of

the

standard

brain

Some

portions

of

the

skull

uptake

are

seen

in

the

white

line

arrows

b

A

high

Z

score

area

is

observed

at

the

peripheral

region

of

the

brain

arrowheads

c

The

abnormalities

are

seen

globally

on

the

surface

map

arrows

d

f

An

anatomically

standardized

image

after

scalping

d

and

the

results

of

eZIS

e

f

d

The

edge

of

the

brain

matches

the

white

line

e

f

The

high

Z

score

area

at

the

peripheral

region

of

the

brain

and

the

global

abnormalities

on

the

surface

map

disappeared

after

scalping


Figure 1. Dynamic (A, C, D) and plain (B) computed tomography of the abdomen. The size of the hematoma is 110 mm Â 32 mm, 73 mm Â 44 mm, 73 mm Â 61 mm, and 45 mm Â 34 mm at Days (A) 11, (B) 18, (C) 25, and (D) 65 after the endoscopic mucosal resection.

Figure

Dynamic

A

C

D

and

plain

B

computed

tomography

of

the

abdomen

The

size

of

the

hematoma

is

mm

Â

mm

mm

Â

mm

mm

Â

mm

and

mm

Â

mm

at

Days

A

B

C

and

D

after

the

endoscopic

mucosal

resection


FIGURE 3. (A) SPECT in vivo time-activity curves of 111 In activity, decay-corrected and fit to monoexponential function, for epicardial and endocardial endothelial progenitor cell injections, from which half-life of cell clearance was calculated. Epicardial injections had clearance half-life of 69 6 26 h, and endocardial injections had clearance half-life of 60 6 21 h. Symbols represent normalized raw data. Representative images are shown (B-E) of SPECT scans acquired with increasing acquisition time. Day 0 (30 s/ projection) (B), day 4 (30 s/projection) (C), day10 (120 s/ projection) (D), and day 15 (180 s/projection) (E).

FIGURE

A

SPECT

in

vivo

time

activity

curves

of

In

activity

decay

corrected

and

fit

to

monoexponential

function

for

epicardial

and

endocardial

endothelial

progenitor

cell

injections

from

which

half

life

of

cell

clearance

was

calculated

Epicardial

injections

had

clearance

half

life

of

h

and

endocardial

injections

had

clearance

half

life

of

h.

Symbols

represent

normalized

raw

data

Representative

images

are

shown

B

E

of

SPECT

scans

acquired

with

increasing

acquisition

time

Day

s/

projection

B

day

s

projection

C

s/

projection

D

and

day

s

projection

E


Figure 2. Sagittal MR images of the ankle joint

Figure

Sagittal

MR

images

of

the

ankle

joint


Fig. 21. Lymphobronchial TB. Progressive stages of the effects on the lung shown on contrast-enhanced CT (in different patients) from earliest (A) to latest (E). (A) Lymphadenopathy is seen involving the right hilum (arrowhead) and, unlike on the left, the right bronchus is not visible (it is compressed). (B) Distal to a right-sided compression, there is air-space disease. Posteriorly in the parenchyma there are air bronchograms and visible vessels. Anteriorly (the right middle lobe) the bronchi are filled with fluid (wet lung) (arrowhead). The lung enhances throughout. (C) Distal to the bronchus intermedius compression (by hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy) the right middle lobe shows nonenhancement, lack of visible bronchi, and a bulging margin (arrowheads) indicating a necrotic lung lobe that is expansile. (D) The right middle lobe necrosis shows early breakdown with air pockets (arrowhead). In contrast, the left lower lobe shows air-space disease with air bronchograms and enhancing parenchyma (in keeping with viability). (E) Advanced cavitation (air-filled areas) in multiple locations within the right lung, which also shows some areas of necrosis (low density, nonenhancing) and some areas of viable consolidated lung (enhancing with air bronchograms). (Parts (C), (D) and (E) from Andronikou S, Wieselthaler N. Imaging for tuberculosis in children. In: Schaaf HS, Zumla A, editors. Tuberculosis: a comprehensive clinical reference. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p. 270; with permission.)

Fig

Lymphobronchial

TB

Progressive

stages

of

the

effects

on

the

lung

shown

on

contrast

enhanced

CT

in

different

patients

from

earliest

A

to

latest

E

A

Lymphadenopathy

is

seen

involving

the

right

hilum

arrowhead

and

unlike

on

the

left

the

right

bronchus

is

not

visible

it

is

compressed

B

Distal

to

a

right

sided

compression

there

is

air

space

disease

Posteriorly

in

the

parenchyma

there

are

air

bronchograms

and

visible

vessels

Anteriorly

the

right

middle

lobe

the

bronchi

are

filled

with

fluid

wet

lung

arrowhead

The

lung

enhances

throughout

C

Distal

to

the

bronchus

intermedius

compression

by

hilar

and

subcarinal

lymphadenopathy

the

right

middle

lobe

shows

nonenhancement

lack

of

visible

bronchi

and

a

bulging

margin

arrowheads

indicating

a

necrotic

lung

lobe

that

is

expansile

D

The

right

middle

lobe

necrosis

shows

early

breakdown

with

air

pockets

arrowhead

In

contrast

the

left

lower

lobe

shows

air

space

disease

with

air

bronchograms

and

enhancing

parenchyma

in

keeping

with

viability

E

Advanced

cavitation

air

filled

areas

in

multiple

locations

within

the

right

lung

which

also

shows

some

areas

of

necrosis

low

density

nonenhancing

and

some

areas

of

viable

consolidated

lung

enhancing

with

air

bronchograms

Parts

C

D

and

E

from

Andronikou

S

Wieselthaler

N.

Imaging

for

tuberculosis

in

children

In

Schaaf

HS

Zumla

A

editors

Tuberculosis

a

comprehensive

clinical

reference

Philadelphia

Saunders

Elsevier

p.

with

permission


Fig. 2 Histology. a Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, 9100. b Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, 9400. The colonoscopic biopsy stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed mucosal erosion and a reduced number of intestinal crypts (a) as well as crypt abscess and significant inflammatory cell infiltration (b)

Fig

Histology

a

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

b

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

The

colonoscopic

biopsy

stained

with

hematoxylin

and

eosin

showed

mucosal

erosion

and

a

reduced

number

of

intestinal

crypts

a

as

well

as

crypt

abscess

and

significant

inflammatory

cell

infiltration

b


Fig. 2 (Case 7). Images of representative case of plaque protrusion or thrombus that required further endovascular therapy. A: CTA on the 5th day after CAS. B: CTA on the 9th day after CAS. C: Intravascular ultrasound before the treatment of plaque protrusion or thrombus, asterisk shows plaque protrusion or thrombus. D: Intravascular ultrasound after the treatment of plaque protrusion or thrombus. E: DSA before the 1st CAS. F: DSA after the 1st CAS. G: DSA before the 2nd CAS. H: DSA after the 2nd CAS. CAS: carotid artery stenting, CTA: computed tomographic angiography, DSA: digital subtraction angiography.

Fig

Case

Images

of

representative

case

of

plaque

protrusion

or

thrombus

that

required

further

endovascular

therapy

A

CTA

on

the

day

after

CAS

B

CTA

on

the

day

after

CAS

C

Intravascular

ultrasound

before

the

treatment

of

plaque

protrusion

or

thrombus

asterisk

shows

plaque

protrusion

or

thrombus

D

Intravascular

ultrasound

after

the

treatment

of

plaque

protrusion

or

thrombus

E

DSA

before

the

CAS

F

DSA

after

the

CAS

G

DSA

before

the

CAS

H

DSA

after

the

CAS

CAS

carotid

artery

stenting

CTA

computed

tomographic

angiography

DSA

digital

subtraction

angiography


Fig. 7. Light microscopic histology of pup brains. (a), (b) Coronal brain sections from a 2 year old normal dog (a) and a 2 year old shaking pup (b). The mutant brain appears to lack any myelin except some pale staining of parts of the sub-cortical white matter and internal capsule. Higher power images of the internal capsule in a 4 week old normal dog and 5 week old sh pup (c, d) and a normal dog at 1 1/2 years (e) and shaking pup at 4 months (f) demonstrate normal myelination in wild type (c, e) but a marked paucity of myelin in the mutant (d, f). At 5 weeks in the sh pup (d) there are only one or two short stretches of myelin (arrows) whereas at 4 months there are scattered myelin sheaths throughout the neuropil (f) but much less than the normal dog at both time points (c, e). An increase in axon size in the older normal dog (e) compared to the younger dog (c) is evident. (a),(b); Weil stain, 40 μm thick sections bar = 1 cm, (c)-(f); One micron Toluidine blue stained sections bar = 20 μm.

Fig

Light

microscopic

histology

of

pup

brains

a

b

Coronal

brain

sections

from

a

year

old

normal

dog

a

and

a

year

old

shaking

pup

b

The

mutant

brain

appears

to

lack

any

myelin

except

some

pale

staining

of

parts

of

the

sub

cortical

white

matter

and

internal

capsule

Higher

power

images

of

the

internal

capsule

in

a

week

old

normal

dog

and

week

old

sh

pup

c

d

and

a

normal

dog

at

years

e

and

shaking

pup

at

months

f

demonstrate

normal

myelination

in

wild

type

c

e

but

a

marked

paucity

of

myelin

in

the

mutant

d

f

At

weeks

in

the

sh

pup

d

there

are

only

one

or

two

short

stretches

of

myelin

arrows

whereas

at

months

there

are

scattered

myelin

sheaths

throughout

the

neuropil

f

but

much

less

than

the

normal

dog

at

both

time

points

c

e

An

increase

in

axon

size

in

the

older

normal

dog

e

compared

to

the

younger

dog

c

is

evident

a),(b

Weil

stain

μm

thick

sections

bar

cm

c)-(f

One

micron

Toluidine

blue

stained

sections

bar

μm


Fig 6. Fluorescein angiography (FA) images and color maps of retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. (A, C) FA images of eyes with nonperfusion areas (NPAs) (shown in orange). (B, D) Color maps of eyes with NPAs which corresponded to the thinning areas (in blue) detected by OCT. (E) FA of eyes without NPAs. (F) The thinning areas were not detected in OCT. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199552.g006

Fig

Fluorescein

angiography

FA

images

and

color

maps

of

retinal

thickness

using

optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

images

A

C

FA

images

of

eyes

with

nonperfusion

areas

NPAs

shown

in

orange

B

D

Color

maps

of

eyes

with

NPAs

which

corresponded

to

the

thinning

areas

in

blue

detected

by

OCT

E

FA

of

eyes

without

NPAs

F

The

thinning

areas

were

not

detected

in

OCT


Figure 2 MRI dorsal spine axial images showing ring enhancing intramedullary lesion s/o tuberculoma (T1+C (A), arrow) and arachnoiditis with cord compression (T1-weighted image (B), T1+C (C)).

Figure

MRI

dorsal

spine

axial

images

showing

ring

enhancing

intramedullary

lesion

s

o

tuberculoma

A

arrow

and

arachnoiditis

with

cord

compression

image

B

C


Fig. 1 MRI Sagittal T1-post contrast (left) and Axial T2 (right) demonstrating a diffusely infiltrative brainstem lesion

Fig

MRI

Sagittal

contrast

left

and

Axial

right

demonstrating

a

diffusely

infiltrative

brainstem

lesion


FIG. 1. A 69-year-old man with a category IIF cystic lesion in the right kidney. (A) Initial contrast-enhanced transverse computed tomography scan depicts a 2.8-cm cystic mass that contains multiple minimally smooth thickening of septa. (B) On follow-up 9 months later, the cystic renal mass contains grossly thickened and irregular septa in which there is measurable enhancement (white arrow). On the basis of these findings, the lesion was reclassified as a category III cyst. (C) The patient underwent radical nephrectomy and the lesion was found to be a pT1 stage conventional renal cell carcinoma with focal hemorrhage (H&E, ×400).

FIG

A

old

man

with

a

category

IIF

cystic

lesion

in

the

right

kidney

A

Initial

contrast

enhanced

transverse

computed

tomography

scan

depicts

a

cystic

mass

that

contains

multiple

minimally

smooth

thickening

of

septa

B

On

follow

up

months

later

the

cystic

renal

mass

contains

grossly

thickened

and

irregular

septa

in

which

there

is

measurable

enhancement

white

arrow

On

the

basis

of

these

findings

the

lesion

was

reclassified

as

a

category

III

cyst

C

The

patient

underwent

radical

nephrectomy

and

the

lesion

was

found

to

be

a

stage

conventional

renal

cell

carcinoma

with

focal

hemorrhage

H&E


Fig. 1 Anatomical sub-regions of the corpus callosum and cortical regions it projects to according to Witelson (1989). Subdivisions of the corpus callosum in seven regions after tracing and parcellating in AnalyzeDirect, Inc., KS: SP splenium (projects to occipital, inferior temporal cortex), IS isthmus (projects to superior temporal, posterior parietal cortex), PM posterior midbody (projects to somatosensory, posterior, parietal cortex), AM anterior midbody (projects to motor cortex), RB rostral body (projects to premotor, supplementary motor cortex), G genu (projects to prefrontal cortex), R rostrum (projects to caudal/orbital prefrontal, inferior premotor cortex). Upper figure shows manually traced outline, projected for illustration onto a representative brain image in coronal section. Lower figure shows 3D rendered MNI template image in MRIcron

Fig

Anatomical

sub

regions

of

the

corpus

callosum

and

cortical

regions

it

projects

to

according

to

Witelson

Subdivisions

of

the

corpus

callosum

in

seven

regions

after

tracing

and

parcellating

in

AnalyzeDirect

Inc.

KS

SP

splenium

projects

to

occipital

inferior

temporal

cortex

IS

isthmus

projects

to

superior

temporal

posterior

parietal

cortex

PM

posterior

midbody

projects

to

somatosensory

posterior

parietal

cortex

AM

anterior

midbody

projects

to

motor

cortex

RB

rostral

body

projects

to

premotor

supplementary

motor

cortex

G

genu

projects

to

prefrontal

cortex

R

rostrum

projects

to

caudal

orbital

prefrontal

inferior

premotor

cortex

Upper

figure

shows

manually

traced

outline

projected

for

illustration

onto

a

representative

brain

image

in

coronal

section

Lower

figure

shows

rendered

MNI

template

image

in

MRIcron


Fig. 1 Case 1. A 47-year-old female with anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Preoperative axial (A) and coronal (B) T 1 -weighted with gadolinium, axial T 2 -weighted (C), and axial diffusionweighted (D) magnetic resonance images showing an enhanced and highly cellular infi ltrative tumor in the left insula and fronto-parietal operculum.

Fig

Case

A

old

female

with

anaplastic

oligodendroglioma

Preoperative

axial

A

and

coronal

B

T

-weighted

with

gadolinium

axial

T

-weighted

C

and

axial

diffusionweighted

D

magnetic

resonance

images

showing

an

enhanced

and

highly

cellular

infi

ltrative

tumor

in

the

left

insula

and

fronto

parietal

operculum


Fig. 1. Brain MRI. Axial (a) and coronal (b) T1 weighted views with gadolinium.

Fig

Brain

MRI

Axial

a

and

coronal

b

weighted

views

with

gadolinium


Fig. 2 Contrast-enhanced 3-D CT images of a basilar artery aneurysm. CR (a) and conventional VR (b) depict the base of the skull with the circle of Willis, as well as the fusiform dilation of the basilar artery. Note the more natural representation of the bones and vessels in the CR image

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

CT

images

of

a

basilar

artery

aneurysm

CR

a

and

conventional

VR

b

depict

the

base

of

the

skull

with

the

circle

of

Willis

as

well

as

the

fusiform

dilation

of

the

basilar

artery

Note

the

more

natural

representation

of

the

bones

and

vessels

in

the

CR

image


Figure 3 (A) Photomicrographs demonstrating a spindle cell tumour with interspersed hypocellular areas (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, ×40 magnificaiton). (B) The spindle cells show moderate degree of nuclear pleomorphism (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, ×100 magnification). (C) Occasional bizarre tumour cells (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, ×200 magnificaiton). (D) An occasional mitotic figure was noted (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, ×400 magnificaiton).

Figure

A

Photomicrographs

demonstrating

a

spindle

cell

tumour

with

interspersed

hypocellular

areas

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

magnificaiton

B

The

spindle

cells

show

moderate

degree

of

nuclear

pleomorphism

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

magnification

C

Occasional

bizarre

tumour

cells

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

magnificaiton

D

An

occasional

mitotic

figure

was

noted

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

magnificaiton


Figure 3. Sagittal (A) and coronal (B) views of the T map of control (n = 19) > schizophrenia (n = 18) functional connectivity of the left m/pCC seed, displayed at a threshold of p < .01. The Talairach × coordinate of the displayed slice is shown in the right side of each image. White arrows point to the site within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex showing significantly greater functional connectivity with the left m/pCC seed in the control subjects, in comparison to the patients.

Figure

Sagittal

A

and

coronal

B

views

of

the

T

map

of

control

n

schizophrenia

n

functional

connectivity

of

the

left

m

pCC

seed

displayed

at

a

threshold

of

p

The

Talairach

coordinate

of

the

displayed

slice

is

shown

in

the

right

side

of

each

image

White

arrows

point

to

the

site

within

the

dorsal

anterior

cingulate

cortex

showing

significantly

greater

functional

connectivity

with

the

left

m

pCC

seed

in

the

control

subjects

in

comparison

to

the

patients


Fig 6. A Longitudinal scan of the nail: normal aspect. The nail plate (*) is as a flawless trilaminar structure with sharp borders. Under the nail plate the nail bed (^) appears as a ipo-isoechoic area under the nail plate and ending in the germinative matrix (#). The insertion and enthesis of the extensor tendon is next to the germinal matrix (°). A picture of a psoriatic nail is in B. The nail plate is altered, with loss of the trilaminar structure and thickening of the plate. The nail bed is thickened, with loss of homogeneity. In C the PD signal is depicted. Small vessels appear with a weak signal characterizing all the bed and some spots are also evident along the venule just next to the tendon. In D the signal is clearly increased and a single spot is also evident in the proximity of the fibrocartilage of the enthesis of the extensor tendon ( §)

Fig

A

Longitudinal

scan

of

the

nail

normal

aspect

The

nail

plate

is

as

a

flawless

trilaminar

structure

with

sharp

borders

Under

the

nail

plate

the

nail

bed

appears

as

a

ipo

isoechoic

area

under

the

nail

plate

and

ending

in

the

germinative

matrix

The

insertion

and

enthesis

of

the

extensor

tendon

is

next

to

the

germinal

matrix

A

picture

of

a

psoriatic

nail

is

in

B.

The

nail

plate

is

altered

with

loss

of

the

trilaminar

structure

and

thickening

of

the

plate

The

nail

bed

is

thickened

with

loss

of

homogeneity

In

C

the

PD

signal

is

depicted

Small

vessels

appear

with

a

weak

signal

characterizing

all

the

bed

and

some

spots

are

also

evident

along

the

venule

just

next

to

the

tendon

In

D

the

signal

is

clearly

increased

and

a

single

spot

is

also

evident

in

the

proximity

of

the

fibrocartilage

of

the

enthesis

of

the

extensor

tendon


FIG. 4. Axial view of the reconstructed CBCT image under 5, 10, 20, and 40 x-ray projections are shown. The top row is obtained from our new algorithm, while the bottom one is from the FDK algorithm.

FIG

Axial

view

of

the

reconstructed

CBCT

image

under

and

x

ray

projections

are

shown

The

top

row

is

obtained

from

our

new

algorithm

while

the

bottom

one

is

from

the

FDK

algorithm


Figure 1. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic pulmonary angiography showing a fistula between the aortic arch aneurysm and the origin of the left pulmonary artery (arrows). A. Axial view passing through the pulmonary bifurcation. B. Sagittal oblique view passing through the aortic arch. Note the contrast agent jet (same density as seen in the aorta) in the left pulmonary artery, suggesting a left-to-right shunt through the fistula.

Figure

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomographic

pulmonary

angiography

showing

a

fistula

between

the

aortic

arch

aneurysm

and

the

origin

of

the

left

pulmonary

artery

arrows

A.

Axial

view

passing

through

the

pulmonary

bifurcation

B.

Sagittal

oblique

view

passing

through

the

aortic

arch

Note

the

contrast

agent

jet

same

density

as

seen

in

the

aorta

in

the

left

pulmonary

artery

suggesting

a

left

to

right

shunt

through

the

fistula


Fig. 5. Histoblots of brain sections demonstrate that clearance of rPrPSc after blockage of PrPC expression is more efficient from grey matter than white matter. Coronal brain sections, at the level of the hippocampus and thalamus (a, c) and at the cerebellum and pons (b, d), were taken from two Tg(tTA :PrP+/0)3 mice 156 days after inoculation with RML prions. One animal developed clinical symptoms (a, b), while the other, in which PrPC expression was blocked beginning at 98 days post-inoculation, remained well (c, d). In the brain of the mouse with blocked PrPC expression (c, d), substantially less PrPSc was present, most of which appeared to be in the white matter. To suppress PrPC expression, doxycycline was administered at 98 days post-inoculation in an initial single dose of 25 mg kg”1 intraperitoneally, followed by 2 mg ml”1 in the drinking water. CC, Corpus callosum; Hp, hippocampus; NC, neocortex; Th, thalamus.

Fig

Histoblots

of

brain

sections

demonstrate

that

clearance

of

rPrPSc

after

blockage

of

PrPC

expression

is

more

efficient

from

grey

matter

than

white

matter

Coronal

brain

sections

at

the

level

of

the

hippocampus

and

thalamus

a

c

and

at

the

cerebellum

and

pons

b

d

were

taken

from

two

Tg(tTA

mice

days

after

inoculation

with

RML

prions

One

animal

developed

clinical

symptoms

a

b

while

the

other

in

which

PrPC

expression

was

blocked

beginning

at

days

post

inoculation

remained

well

c

d

In

the

brain

of

the

mouse

with

blocked

PrPC

expression

c

d

substantially

less

PrPSc

was

present

most

of

which

appeared

to

be

in

the

white

matter

To

suppress

PrPC

expression

doxycycline

was

administered

at

days

post

inoculation

in

an

initial

single

dose

of

mg

intraperitoneally

followed

by

mg

in

the

drinking

water

CC

Corpus

callosum

Hp

hippocampus

NC

neocortex

Th

thalamus


Figure 1. (A) Contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan shows a mass on the left kidney, and malignant thrombosis of the renal vein and inferior vena cava prior to radiation therapy. (B) The CT scan at the eight- and (C) 11-month follow-up.

Figure

A

Contrast

enhanced

computerized

tomography

CT

scan

shows

a

mass

on

the

left

kidney

and

malignant

thrombosis

of

the

renal

vein

and

inferior

vena

cava

prior

to

radiation

therapy

B

The

CT

scan

at

the

eight-

and

C

follow

up


Fig. 5 Abnormal microtubule arrangements in cilia cross-sections. Ciliary axoneme abnormalities were tallied in 224 control-treated and 234 MWCNT-treated cross-sections from a single donor. Sections were categorized as normal cilia (represented in panel a), axoneme abnormalities (represented in panel b, arrow points to singlet), or dynein arm abnormalities (not found). While MWCNT treatment increased axoneme abnormalities above control levels by 3-fold (6.0% vs 1.9%), the absolute numbers of abnormal cilia in MWCNT treated cells are not sufficient to alter cilia beating/clearance. Ultrastructural imaging was also used to verify the presence of MWCNTs within the cell 24 h after treatment of undifferentiated cultures. MWCNT fibers are observed in vesicular structures (c) and free in the cytoplasm (d)

Fig

Abnormal

microtubule

arrangements

in

cilia

cross

sections

Ciliary

axoneme

abnormalities

were

tallied

in

control

treated

and

MWCNT

treated

cross

sections

from

a

single

donor

Sections

were

categorized

as

normal

cilia

represented

in

panel

a

axoneme

abnormalities

represented

in

panel

b

arrow

points

to

singlet

or

dynein

arm

abnormalities

not

found

While

MWCNT

treatment

increased

axoneme

abnormalities

above

control

levels

by

vs

the

absolute

numbers

of

abnormal

cilia

in

MWCNT

treated

cells

are

not

sufficient

to

alter

cilia

beating

clearance

Ultrastructural

imaging

was

also

used

to

verify

the

presence

of

MWCNTs

within

the

cell

h

after

treatment

of

undifferentiated

cultures

MWCNT

fibers

are

observed

in

vesicular

structures

c

and

free

in

the

cytoplasm

d


Figure 5. Distribution of CCK binding sites in the caudal guinea pig olfactory bulb. A, Brightfield photomicrograph of an autoradiogram of the dorsolateral quadrant of the olfactory bulb (coronal plane). B, Darkfield photomicrograph of the autoradiogram shown in A. C, Darkfield photomicrograph of an autoradiogram generated from a tissue section consecutive to the one shown in A and incubated with 50 pM [“%]CCK-33 and 10m7 M CCK-8 to produce an image of the nonspecific binding. The low density of grains over the area of the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) suggests that the nonspecific binding was relatively low. The arrowheads indicate the transition area between the LOT and the plexiform layer of the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). See the text for discussion. Bar = 490 pm.

Figure

Distribution

of

CCK

binding

sites

in

the

caudal

guinea

pig

olfactory

bulb

A

Brightfield

photomicrograph

of

an

autoradiogram

of

the

dorsolateral

quadrant

of

the

olfactory

bulb

coronal

plane

B

Darkfield

photomicrograph

of

the

autoradiogram

shown

in

A.

C

Darkfield

photomicrograph

of

an

autoradiogram

generated

from

a

tissue

section

consecutive

to

the

one

shown

in

A

and

incubated

with

pM

and

M

to

produce

an

image

of

the

nonspecific

binding

The

low

density

of

grains

over

the

area

of

the

lateral

olfactory

tract

LOT

suggests

that

the

nonspecific

binding

was

relatively

low

The

arrowheads

indicate

the

transition

area

between

the

LOT

and

the

plexiform

layer

of

the

anterior

olfactory

nucleus

AON

See

the

text

for

discussion

Bar

pm


Figure 1 Traditional serrated adenoma with cytologic dysplasia. (a) A traditional serrated adenoma with villous growth and bulbous villous tips. The lining cells showed slender columnar cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. (b) Prominent surface serration with many abortive ectopic crypts (arrows). (c) A traditional serrated adenoma with high-grade serrated dysplasia. Note the complex infoldings of ectopic crypts and occasional micropapillary structures. (d) At higher power, the cells show oval nuclei, vesicular chromatin, thickened nuclear membrane and occasional prominent nucleoli. (e) A traditional serrated adenoma (left part) showed transition to conventional adenomatous dysplasia at right part of the figure (arrows). (f) Traditional serrated adenoma with an overall conventional tubulovillous adenomatous structure. Focal discernible traditional serrated adenoma component was seen at left part of the figure (arrows).

Figure

Traditional

serrated

adenoma

with

cytologic

dysplasia

a

A

traditional

serrated

adenoma

with

villous

growth

and

bulbous

villous

tips

The

lining

cells

showed

slender

columnar

cells

with

eosinophilic

cytoplasm

b

Prominent

surface

serration

with

many

abortive

ectopic

crypts

arrows

c

A

traditional

serrated

adenoma

with

high

grade

serrated

dysplasia

Note

the

complex

infoldings

of

ectopic

crypts

and

occasional

micropapillary

structures

d

At

higher

power

the

cells

show

oval

nuclei

vesicular

chromatin

thickened

nuclear

membrane

and

occasional

prominent

nucleoli

e

A

traditional

serrated

adenoma

left

part

showed

transition

to

conventional

adenomatous

dysplasia

at

right

part

of

the

figure

arrows

f

Traditional

serrated

adenoma

with

an

overall

conventional

tubulovillous

adenomatous

structure

Focal

discernible

traditional

serrated

adenoma

component

was

seen

at

left

part

of

the

figure

arrows


Figure 5: (A) POD 8 chest x-ray (first recipient) following allogeneic lung Tx. The arrows demonstrate areas of consolidation within the graft. (B) Pathological examination revealed infiltration of the graft with inflammatory cells and lymphocytes, suggesting pneumonia and cellular rejection. (C) POD 15 chest x-ray (second recipient) and (D) POD 16 chest x-ray (third recipient) demonstrating clear aeration of the lung allografts. (E) POD 29 chest x-ray (second recipient). Arrows depict caudal displacement of the left hemidiaphragm, suggesting enlargement of the graft. Arrowheads demonstrate displacement of the trachea to the right. Consolidation was found diffusely, especially in the left upper lung, suggesting atelectasis and subsequent pneumonia. (F) Necropsy findings of the native lung (right) and lung graft (left). The graft enlarged more than that of native lung, especially caudally. Arrows indicate the compressed upper lobe of the graft, which enlarged toward the mediastinum. (G–K) Representative pathological findings of the native and grafted lung: (G) Bleeding, neutrophil infiltration, and cellular debris were seen, indicating pneumonia. (H) Mild bronchiolitis in the lower lobe of the graft. (I) Mild pneumonia in the upper lobe of the native lung. (J) There were well-aerated regions and lobular pneumonia regions in the upper lobe of the graft. Evidence of pneumonia extended from the pleural region (arrow heads). (K) No evidence of cellular rejection was found in the graft. A, aerated region (in panel J); P, pneumonia region; POD, postoperative day; Tx, transplantation.

Figure

A

POD

chest

x

ray

first

recipient

following

allogeneic

lung

Tx

The

arrows

demonstrate

areas

of

consolidation

within

the

graft

B

Pathological

examination

revealed

infiltration

of

the

graft

with

inflammatory

cells

and

lymphocytes

suggesting

pneumonia

and

cellular

rejection

C

POD

chest

x

ray

second

recipient

and

D

POD

chest

x

ray

third

recipient

demonstrating

clear

aeration

of

the

lung

allografts

E

POD

chest

x

ray

second

recipient

Arrows

depict

caudal

displacement

of

the

left

hemidiaphragm

suggesting

enlargement

of

the

graft

Arrowheads

demonstrate

displacement

of

the

trachea

to

the

right

Consolidation

was

found

diffusely

especially

in

the

left

upper

lung

suggesting

atelectasis

and

subsequent

pneumonia

F

Necropsy

findings

of

the

native

lung

right

and

lung

graft

left

The

graft

enlarged

more

than

that

of

native

lung

especially

caudally

Arrows

indicate

the

compressed

upper

lobe

of

the

graft

which

enlarged

toward

the

mediastinum

G

K

Representative

pathological

findings

of

the

native

and

grafted

lung

G

Bleeding

neutrophil

infiltration

and

cellular

debris

were

seen

indicating

pneumonia

H

Mild

bronchiolitis

in

the

lower

lobe

of

the

graft

I

Mild

pneumonia

in

the

upper

lobe

of

the

native

lung

J

There

were

well

aerated

regions

and

lobular

pneumonia

regions

in

the

upper

lobe

of

the

graft

Evidence

of

pneumonia

extended

from

the

pleural

region

arrow

heads

K

No

evidence

of

cellular

rejection

was

found

in

the

graft

A

aerated

region

in

panel

J

P

pneumonia

region

POD

postoperative

day

Tx

transplantation


Figure 1: (a) Preoperative contrast-enhanced abdominal CT showing severe aneurysm of the RCIA with diameter 4.5 × 4.7 cm. (b) Contrastenhanced CT scan reconstruction at 18 months showing patency of the endograft, complete aneurysm exclusion without any endoleak.

Figure

a

Preoperative

contrast

enhanced

abdominal

CT

showing

severe

aneurysm

of

the

RCIA

with

diameter

cm

b

Contrastenhanced

CT

scan

reconstruction

at

months

showing

patency

of

the

endograft

complete

aneurysm

exclusion

without

any

endoleak


Fig. 1 - a) non contrast-enhanced axial CT showed cecal appendix filled with hypodense material; b-c) contrast-enhanced axial CT: presence of lesion of the cecal wall on the side of the appendix with contrastenhanced wall. Coexisted periappendicular and pericecal hypodense material; d) multiplanar reformatted contrast-enhanced CT showed cecal appendix completely repleted with hypodense material consistent with mucine. The same patient with small amount of perihepatic fluid.

Fig

a

non

contrast

enhanced

axial

CT

showed

cecal

appendix

filled

with

hypodense

material

b

c

contrast

enhanced

axial

CT

presence

of

lesion

of

the

cecal

wall

on

the

side

of

the

appendix

with

contrastenhanced

wall

Coexisted

periappendicular

and

pericecal

hypodense

material

d

multiplanar

reformatted

contrast

enhanced

CT

showed

cecal

appendix

completely

repleted

with

hypodense

material

consistent

with

mucine

The

same

patient

with

small

amount

of

perihepatic

fluid


Figure 1 MRI on admittance in intensive care unit. (A) Axial T1-weighted images with gadolinium showing multiple extracardiac nodular masses located between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery, associated with pericardial effusion. Areas of marked central necrosis were surrounded by gadolinium-enhancing hypervascular lesions (red arrow). (B) Longitudinal T2-weighted images showing the involvement of the right ventricle free wall and the vena cava (white arrow).

Figure

MRI

on

admittance

in

intensive

care

unit

A

Axial

images

with

gadolinium

showing

multiple

extracardiac

nodular

masses

located

between

the

right

atrium

and

the

pulmonary

artery

associated

with

pericardial

effusion

Areas

of

marked

central

necrosis

were

surrounded

by

gadolinium

enhancing

hypervascular

lesions

red

arrow

B

Longitudinal

images

showing

the

involvement

of

the

right

ventricle

free

wall

and

the

vena

cava

white

arrow


FIGURE 5 Distr ibut ion of nuclear material at various times dur ing sporulation of cyr l -2 homozygous d ip lo id cells at 33.5°C. AM77 cells were incubated in sporulat ion medium at 33.5°C for 0 (a and a'), 6 (b and b'), 8 (c and c'), 10 (d and d') , 12 (e and e'), and 16 ( l and f') h. Sporulating cells stained with prop id ium iodide were photographed under phase-contrast/f luorescent (a ' - f ' ) and fluorescent (a-f) microscope, a and a ', a d ip lo id cell; b and b ' , a cell containing a large part of nuclear material (an early stage of meiosis I); c and c ' , a cell containing two parts of nuclear material (a late stage of meiosis I); d and d ' , a cell containing four parts of nuclear material (a late stage of meiosis II); e and e ' , a cell containing two parts of nuclear material and two prospores; f and f ' , a two-spored ascus. Bar, 1.0/zm. x 4,000.

FIGURE

Distr

ibut

ion

of

nuclear

material

at

various

times

dur

ing

sporulation

of

cyr

l

homozygous

d

ip

lo

i

d

cells

at

C

cells

were

incubated

in

sporulat

ion

medium

at

C

for

a

and

a

b

and

b

c

and

c

d

and

d

e

and

e

and

l

and

f

h.

Sporulating

cells

stained

with

prop

i

d

ium

iodide

were

photographed

under

phase

contrast

f

luorescent

a

f

and

fluorescent

a

f

microscope

a

and

a

a

d

ip

lo

i

d

cell

b

and

b

a

cell

containing

a

large

part

of

nuclear

material

an

early

stage

of

meiosis

I

c

and

c

a

cell

containing

two

parts

of

nuclear

material

a

late

stage

of

meiosis

I

d

and

d

a

cell

containing

four

parts

of

nuclear

material

a

late

stage

of

meiosis

II

e

and

e

a

cell

containing

two

parts

of

nuclear

material

and

two

prospores

f

and

f

a

two

spored

ascus

Bar

zm

x


Figure 5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis of a 56-year-old man with multiple myeloma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with selected T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) (A) and T2 weighted fat-suppressed imaging (T2WI) (B) axial sections of

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

of

the

pelvis

of

a

old

man

with

multiple

myeloma

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

with

selected

weighted

imaging

A

and

weighted

fat

suppressed

imaging

B

axial

sections

of


Figure 9. Polymicrogyria. Coronal T 1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (a), T 2 fluidattenuated inversion-recovery (b) and double inversion recovery (DIR) (c) images. An area of abnormal gyral pattern with irregular contours is present in the right temporal lobe (arrows), consistent with polymicrogyria. On all images, including DIR, there is no appreciable difference in the signal intensity of the normal and abnormal cortex. Note also mild atrophy of the ipsilateral hippocampus, without associated signal abnormality. Adjacent areas of subcortical heterotopia were also present (not shown).

Figure

Polymicrogyria

Coronal

T

weighted

three

dimensional

magnetization

prepared

rapid

gradient

echo

a

T

fluidattenuated

inversion

recovery

b

and

double

inversion

recovery

DIR

c

images

An

area

of

abnormal

gyral

pattern

with

irregular

contours

is

present

in

the

right

temporal

lobe

arrows

consistent

with

polymicrogyria

On

all

images

including

DIR

there

is

no

appreciable

difference

in

the

signal

intensity

of

the

normal

and

abnormal

cortex

Note

also

mild

atrophy

of

the

ipsilateral

hippocampus

without

associated

signal

abnormality

Adjacent

areas

of

subcortical

heterotopia

were

also

present

not

shown


Figure 8. Location of ROIs on DTI color maps for the optic radiation (OR) in a preterm infant brain. (A) First ROI over the lateral geniculate (LGN) region in sagittal view; (B) Fibers after the placement of the first ROI in sagittal view; (C) Second polygonal shaped ROI around the sagittal stratum fibers in coronal view; (D) Third oval shaped ROI drawn at the anterior edge of the occipital lobe in sagittal view; (E&F) 3D Sagittal and axial images showing the final trajectory of the OR tract. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085807.g008

Figure

Location

of

ROIs

on

DTI

color

maps

for

the

optic

radiation

OR

in

a

preterm

infant

brain

A

First

ROI

over

the

lateral

geniculate

LGN

region

in

sagittal

view

B

Fibers

after

the

placement

of

the

first

ROI

in

sagittal

view

C

Second

polygonal

shaped

ROI

around

the

sagittal

stratum

fibers

in

coronal

view

D

Third

oval

shaped

ROI

drawn

at

the

anterior

edge

of

the

occipital

lobe

in

sagittal

view

E&F

Sagittal

and

axial

images

showing

the

final

trajectory

of

the

OR

tract


Figure 2. Initial recurrence before crizotinib therapy: (A) a 0.63-mm slice thickness spiral axial image of the chest with intravenous iodinated contrast demonstrates a well-defined 8-mm right middle lobe lung nodule consistent with metastatic disease (arrow); and (B) an 8-mm maximum intensity projection (MIP) image with clear delineation of a 4.5-mm right lower lobe pulmonary metastasis in relationship to the pulmonary vasculature (arrow). Two months after initiation of crizotinib therapy: (C ) a 0.63-mm spiral axial image with reduction in the size of the right middle lobe nodule (5.3 mm, arrow); and (D) a thin section axial image with decrease in size of the right lower lobe nodule, now 2.4 mm (arrow). Twenty-one months after initiation of crizotinib therapy: (E) residual linear scarring is noted in the region of the original right middle lobe metastasis; and (F ) no clear residual nodule seen in the right lower lobe. Follow-up CT imaging (G, thin slice axial image; H, MIP image) demonstrates complete resolution of the nodules ∼12 mo after cessation of crizotinib therapy and ∼43 mo since its introduction.

Figure

Initial

recurrence

before

crizotinib

therapy

A

a

slice

thickness

spiral

axial

image

of

the

chest

with

intravenous

iodinated

contrast

demonstrates

a

well

defined

right

middle

lobe

lung

nodule

consistent

with

metastatic

disease

arrow

and

B

an

maximum

intensity

projection

MIP

image

with

clear

delineation

of

a

right

lower

lobe

pulmonary

metastasis

in

relationship

to

the

pulmonary

vasculature

arrow

Two

months

after

initiation

of

crizotinib

therapy

C

a

spiral

axial

image

with

reduction

in

the

size

of

the

right

middle

lobe

nodule

mm

arrow

and

D

a

thin

section

axial

image

with

decrease

in

size

of

the

right

lower

lobe

nodule

now

mm

arrow

Twenty

one

months

after

initiation

of

crizotinib

therapy

E

residual

linear

scarring

is

noted

in

the

region

of

the

original

right

middle

lobe

metastasis

and

F

no

clear

residual

nodule

seen

in

the

right

lower

lobe

Follow

up

CT

imaging

G

thin

slice

axial

image

H

MIP

image

demonstrates

complete

resolution

of

the

nodules

mo

after

cessation

of

crizotinib

therapy

and

mo

since

its

introduction


Figure 1. (A and B) Normal cranial magnetic resonance imaging and (C and D) flair and diffusion weighted images showing acute left parietal infarction.

Figure

A

and

B

Normal

cranial

magnetic

resonance

imaging

and

C

and

D

flair

and

diffusion

weighted

images

showing

acute

left

parietal

infarction


Figure 5. Three-dimensional US rectal images obtained by the mechanical rotational mechanism, which rotated a side-firing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) transducer around its long axis by 1808. The three-dimensional US images are viewed using the multi-planar formatting approach. (a) Clear delineation of the rectal wall. (b) Three-dimensional view of the sphincter muscles. (c) Three-dimensional view of a rectal polyp-stage T1, with the polyp invading the submucosa. (d ) Three-dimensional view of a rectal polyp-stage 2, with the polyp invading the muscularis propria, but not beyond.

Figure

Three

dimensional

US

rectal

images

obtained

by

the

mechanical

rotational

mechanism

which

rotated

a

side

firing

transrectal

ultrasound

TRUS

transducer

around

its

long

axis

by

The

three

dimensional

US

images

are

viewed

using

the

multi

planar

formatting

approach

a

Clear

delineation

of

the

rectal

wall

b

Three

dimensional

view

of

the

sphincter

muscles

c

Three

dimensional

view

of

a

rectal

polyp

stage

with

the

polyp

invading

the

submucosa

d

Three

dimensional

view

of

a

rectal

polyp

stage

with

the

polyp

invading

the

muscularis

propria

but

not

beyond


Figure 1. Physical findings and imaging studies of the patient. (A) Breast masses had elastic consistency and could be moved without causing any pain. Mammography (B) and ultrasonography (C) shows bilateral excessive fatty breast without definite glandular tissue (pseudogynecomastia).

Figure

Physical

findings

and

imaging

studies

of

the

patient

A

Breast

masses

had

elastic

consistency

and

could

be

moved

without

causing

any

pain

Mammography

B

and

ultrasonography

C

shows

bilateral

excessive

fatty

breast

without

definite

glandular

tissue

pseudogynecomastia


Fig. 2 Dendrin expression pattern may be membranous (a), dual (b), nuclear (c) or negative (d); light microscope, indirect immunohistochemistry, 400 x

Fig

Dendrin

expression

pattern

may

be

membranous

a

dual

b

nuclear

c

or

negative

d

light

microscope

indirect

immunohistochemistry

x


FIGURE 1. Abdominal CT. A, Enhanced total abdomen computed tomography scan found a huge gastric GIST in antrum of stomach before operation, in March, 2014. B, Enhanced total abdomen CT scan found no signs of recurrence or metastasis for GIST 6 months after operation, in October, 2014. CT ¼computed tomography, GIST ¼ gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

FIGURE

Abdominal

CT

A

Enhanced

total

abdomen

computed

tomography

scan

found

a

huge

gastric

GIST

in

antrum

of

stomach

before

operation

in

March

B

Enhanced

total

abdomen

CT

scan

found

no

signs

of

recurrence

or

metastasis

for

GIST

months

after

operation

in

October

CT

¼computed

tomography

GIST

¼

gastrointestinal

stromal

tumor


Fig. 4. A 64-year-old male with bilateral renal artery stenoses. Highresolution 3D gadolinium MRA (top) shows bilateral high-grade stenoses exceeding 80% reduction of vessel diameter. Colour-coded semi-quantatitive maps (bottom) from dynamic gadolinium perfusion imaging show the right kidney still adequately perfused, while there is a substantial decrease of the perfusion on the left, confirming the presence of unilateral ischaemic kidney disease.

Fig

A

old

male

with

bilateral

renal

artery

stenoses

Highresolution

gadolinium

MRA

top

shows

bilateral

high

grade

stenoses

exceeding

reduction

of

vessel

diameter

Colour

coded

semi

quantatitive

maps

bottom

from

dynamic

gadolinium

perfusion

imaging

show

the

right

kidney

still

adequately

perfused

while

there

is

a

substantial

decrease

of

the

perfusion

on

the

left

confirming

the

presence

of

unilateral

ischaemic

kidney

disease


Fig. 2. (A) Calcium and (B) phosphorus mapping energy-dispersive X-ray data carbonated hydroxyapatite.

Fig

A

Calcium

and

B

phosphorus

mapping

energy

dispersive

X

ray

data

carbonated

hydroxyapatite


Figure 3. PET/CT body showing diffuse enhancement of disease. Axial views of the body on PET/CT demonstrating (a) intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and FDG avid right pleural thickening. Coronal view of demonstrating axillary lymphadenopathy, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, right pleural thickening, FDG-avid caking on ascending colon and right lateral abdominal wall implant (b).

Figure

PET

CT

body

showing

diffuse

enhancement

of

disease

Axial

views

of

the

body

on

PET

CT

demonstrating

a

intrathoracic

lymphadenopathy

and

FDG

avid

right

pleural

thickening

Coronal

view

of

demonstrating

axillary

lymphadenopathy

intrathoracic

lymphadenopathy

right

pleural

thickening

FDG

avid

caking

on

ascending

colon

and

right

lateral

abdominal

wall

implant

b


Figure 2. A 78-year-old female patient presented with an acute left transient ischemic attack. A, Bilateral focal vessel wall lesions were observed in the middle cerebral arteries on the transverse T1-weighted volumetric isotropically reconstructed turbo spin echo acquisition image (arrows in A). Sagittal image reconstructions of the (B) right middle cerebral artery (MCA) lesion and (C) left MCA lesion showing that both lesions are eccentric. D, Transverse time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography shows a corresponding symptomatic left MCA stenosis and an asymptomatic irregular right MCA (arrows in D).

Figure

A

old

female

patient

presented

with

an

acute

left

transient

ischemic

attack

A

Bilateral

focal

vessel

wall

lesions

were

observed

in

the

middle

cerebral

arteries

on

the

transverse

volumetric

isotropically

reconstructed

turbo

spin

echo

acquisition

image

arrows

in

A

Sagittal

image

reconstructions

of

the

B

right

middle

cerebral

artery

MCA

lesion

and

C

left

MCA

lesion

showing

that

both

lesions

are

eccentric

D

Transverse

time

of

flight

magnetic

resonance

angiography

shows

a

corresponding

symptomatic

left

MCA

stenosis

and

an

asymptomatic

irregular

right

MCA

arrows

in

D


Fig. 8 A 76-year-old male with anorectal melanoma. a Sagittal T2-weighted MR image shows a heterogeneous mass lesion arising from the anterior wall of the rectum (arrow). b The mass shows enhancement on the corresponding sagittal fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR image (arrow)

Fig

A

old

male

with

anorectal

melanoma

a

Sagittal

MR

image

shows

a

heterogeneous

mass

lesion

arising

from

the

anterior

wall

of

the

rectum

arrow

b

The

mass

shows

enhancement

on

the

corresponding

sagittal

fat

suppressed

MR

image

arrow


Figure 1: Electron microscopy of laser-irradiated PET substrates. Upper panel: SEM images of resulting structures after excimer laser irradiation of PET substrates. Left: ripples, 6000 pulses of linear polarized KrF laser radiation ( = 248 nm) at a fluence of 9 mJ cm −2 . Right: walls, 30 pulses of ArF laser radiation ( = 193 nm) at fluences of 30 mJ cm −2 . Lower panel: TEM images of HMEC grown on pristine PET (flat, left) or laser irradiated with surface topography (ripples, middle; walls, right); PM and arrow indicate basal plasma membrane; PET and arrow indicate border of PET substrate.

Figure

Electron

microscopy

of

laser

irradiated

PET

substrates

Upper

panel

SEM

images

of

resulting

structures

after

excimer

laser

irradiation

of

PET

substrates

Left

ripples

pulses

of

linear

polarized

KrF

laser

radiation

nm

at

a

fluence

of

mJ

cm

−2

Right

walls

pulses

of

ArF

laser

radiation

nm

at

fluences

of

mJ

cm

−2

Lower

panel

TEM

images

of

HMEC

grown

on

pristine

PET

flat

left

or

laser

irradiated

with

surface

topography

ripples

middle

walls

right

PM

and

arrow

indicate

basal

plasma

membrane

PET

and

arrow

indicate

border

of

PET

substrate


Figure 3. (A) Tumor arranged in the form of cellular nodules (H & E, 3 40). (B) Sheets of mononuclear cells, giant cells, and lacunar cells (highlighted by arrows; H & E, 200x). (C) Clusters of CD30-positive cells with membranous and Golgi zone positivity (immunohistochemistry, CD30, 3 200). (D) Atypical cells negative for CD45 with background lymphocytes positive (immunohistochemistry, CD45, 3 200). (E) Weak PAX5 nuclear positivity with strong positivity in lymphocytes (immunohistochemistry, PAX5, 3 200). (F) Case showing a predominantly fibrohistiocytic pattern (H & E, 3 40). (G) A high power shows histiocyte-like cells, background lymphocytes, eosinophils, and occasional Reed-Sternberg cells (shown by the arrow; H & E, 3 200). PAX5 indicates paired box 5.

Figure

A

Tumor

arranged

in

the

form

of

cellular

nodules

H

E

B

Sheets

of

mononuclear

cells

giant

cells

and

lacunar

cells

highlighted

by

arrows

H

E

C

Clusters

of

cells

with

membranous

and

Golgi

zone

positivity

immunohistochemistry

D

Atypical

cells

negative

for

with

background

lymphocytes

positive

immunohistochemistry

E

Weak

nuclear

positivity

with

strong

positivity

in

lymphocytes

immunohistochemistry

F

Case

showing

a

predominantly

fibrohistiocytic

pattern

H

E

G

A

high

power

shows

histiocyte

like

cells

background

lymphocytes

eosinophils

and

occasional

Reed

Sternberg

cells

shown

by

the

arrow

H

E

indicates

paired

box


Figure 1. Smooth myxoma: surgical specimen (A), transesophageal echocardiogram (B). Villous myxoma: surgical specimen (C), transesophageal echocardiogram (D).

Figure

Smooth

myxoma

surgical

specimen

A

transesophageal

echocardiogram

B

Villous

myxoma

surgical

specimen

C

transesophageal

echocardiogram

D


Fig. 2. (A) Abdominal radiograph of an 82-year-old patient who presented with acute colonic obstruction with advanced gastric cancer, seeding metastasis, and segmental rectal wall thickening. (B) Palliative decompression was offered by means of rectal stenting. (C) However, the symptom was not resolved because of the seeding metastasis.

Fig

A

Abdominal

radiograph

of

an

old

patient

who

presented

with

acute

colonic

obstruction

with

advanced

gastric

cancer

seeding

metastasis

and

segmental

rectal

wall

thickening

B

Palliative

decompression

was

offered

by

means

of

rectal

stenting

C

However

the

symptom

was

not

resolved

because

of

the

seeding

metastasis


Fig. 4 Case #3. This case selected as typical BLR case (relatively T4). Deformity of bronchus was evident. This case was finally resectable after chemotherapy. a Endoscopic findings before chemotherapy. b Computer tomography before chemotherapy. c Endoscopic findings after chemotherapy. d Endoscopic findings before chemotherapy

Fig

Case

This

case

selected

as

typical

BLR

case

relatively

Deformity

of

bronchus

was

evident

This

case

was

finally

resectable

after

chemotherapy

a

Endoscopic

findings

before

chemotherapy

b

Computer

tomography

before

chemotherapy

c

Endoscopic

findings

after

chemotherapy

d

Endoscopic

findings

before

chemotherapy


Figure 2: (a) Pulp exposure following caries excavation. (b) Biodentine placed over the exposed pulp and as temporary restoration. (c) Radiograph taken immediately after biodentine placement. (d) Six months follow‑up radiograph

Figure

a

Pulp

exposure

following

caries

excavation

b

Biodentine

placed

over

the

exposed

pulp

and

as

temporary

restoration

c

Radiograph

taken

immediately

after

biodentine

placement

d

Six

months

follow‑up

radiograph


Fig. 2. A 40-year-old female patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. (A) Maximum intensity projection of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) shows multiple enlarged lymph nodes with increased fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the bilateral neck, axillar, retroperitoneal, iliac, and inguinal areas. Increased FDG uptakes in both lower lung fields suggest lung involvement. Transaxial PET (B) and fusion PET-CT (C) images demonstrate mild increased FDG uptake in bone marrow of iliac crests (arrows). The maximum standardized uptake value at the posterior iliac crest is 2.2 g/mL on the right and 2.4 g/mL on the left, respectively.

Fig

A

old

female

patient

with

angioimmunoblastic

T

cell

lymphoma

A

Maximum

intensity

projection

of

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

PET

CT

shows

multiple

enlarged

lymph

nodes

with

increased

fluorodeoxyglucose

FDG

uptake

in

the

bilateral

neck

axillar

retroperitoneal

iliac

and

inguinal

areas

Increased

FDG

uptakes

in

both

lower

lung

fields

suggest

lung

involvement

Transaxial

PET

B

and

fusion

PET

CT

C

images

demonstrate

mild

increased

FDG

uptake

in

bone

marrow

of

iliac

crests

arrows

The

maximum

standardized

uptake

value

at

the

posterior

iliac

crest

is

g

mL

on

the

right

and

g

mL

on

the

left

respectively


Fig. 5. Operative illustrations in endoscopic view. (A) Thecal sac and shoulder margin of contralateral traversing root was revealed. (B) Cranial tip of superior articular process (S1) is cut by angled chisel. (C) Decompressed L5 exiting root in contralateral side (left) is observed. (D) Decompressed L5 exiting root in primary ipsilateral side (right) is demonstrated. Black triangle: cranial tip of superior articular process. Asterisk: L5 exiting root (contralateral). White arrow: L5 exiting root (ipsilateral).

Fig

Operative

illustrations

in

endoscopic

view

A

Thecal

sac

and

shoulder

margin

of

contralateral

traversing

root

was

revealed

B

Cranial

tip

of

superior

articular

process

is

cut

by

angled

chisel

C

Decompressed

exiting

root

in

contralateral

side

left

is

observed

D

Decompressed

exiting

root

in

primary

ipsilateral

side

right

is

demonstrated

Black

triangle

cranial

tip

of

superior

articular

process

Asterisk

exiting

root

contralateral

White

arrow

exiting

root

ipsilateral


Figure 4. Representative backscattered SEM images of a transverse section taken at the central part of a BGSr filled hole, 60 days after the surgery, showing several isolated bone formations (arrows) inside the medullar cavity. The B and C boxed areas of A correspond to the remodeled bone (B) and to an isolated bone formation (C), at a greater magnification. The newly formed bone (darker in A) contains several irregularly shaped osteocytes (B) and includes some granules (D) consisting of calcium phosphate, as shown by the X-ray microanalysis (D). The isolated bone formations, surrounded by the remnants of the implanted glass (C, on the left), often contain mineral granules (lighter in C) consisting of calcium phosphate with amounts of strontium, as shown by the X-ray microanalysis (E).

Figure

Representative

backscattered

SEM

images

of

a

transverse

section

taken

at

the

central

part

of

a

BGSr

filled

hole

days

after

the

surgery

showing

several

isolated

bone

formations

arrows

inside

the

medullar

cavity

The

B

and

C

boxed

areas

of

A

correspond

to

the

remodeled

bone

B

and

to

an

isolated

bone

formation

C

at

a

greater

magnification

The

newly

formed

bone

darker

in

A

contains

several

irregularly

shaped

osteocytes

B

and

includes

some

granules

D

consisting

of

calcium

phosphate

as

shown

by

the

X

ray

microanalysis

D

The

isolated

bone

formations

surrounded

by

the

remnants

of

the

implanted

glass

C

on

the

left

often

contain

mineral

granules

lighter

in

C

consisting

of

calcium

phosphate

with

amounts

of

strontium

as

shown

by

the

X

ray

microanalysis

E


Figure 13. MD-CT volumetry of the tibial defect in axial images: CPG group: left: defect zone is identified (line), right: only areas with a density .500 HU are opacified (white area), example of an animal with 23% bone defect consolidation. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100143.g013

Figure

MD

CT

volumetry

of

the

tibial

defect

in

axial

images

CPG

group

left

defect

zone

is

identified

line

right

only

areas

with

a

density

HU

are

opacified

white

area

example

of

an

animal

with

bone

defect

consolidation


Fig. 2. Variation in morphometric characteristics seen on pre-operative CT scan in two age-matched males of similar size, with similar comorbid conditions. CT on the left demonstrating high psoas muscle area, CT on the right demonstrating low psoas muscle area, both with respect to the mean.

Fig

Variation

in

morphometric

characteristics

seen

on

pre

operative

CT

scan

in

two

age

matched

males

of

similar

size

with

similar

comorbid

conditions

CT

on

the

left

demonstrating

high

psoas

muscle

area

CT

on

the

right

demonstrating

low

psoas

muscle

area

both

with

respect

to

the

mean


Figure 2. A 75-year-old asymptomatic woman underwent breast ultrasonography and digital mammography. (A) Screening breast ultrasonography shows an indistinct hypoechoic nodule in the right upper inner periareolar portion. Thus, we recommended diagnostic mammography after marking the lesion with a round metal marker. (B, C, D) Right mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal views (B and C) show a spiculated, isodense nodule (arrow) unmarked by computer-aided detection (CAD); however, CAD marked another lesion (D-asterisk, ‘*’) in the upper portion and benign vascular calcifications (D-triangle, ‘▲’) in the outer portion. The lesion was confirmed to be an invasive lobular carcinoma.

Figure

A

old

asymptomatic

woman

underwent

breast

ultrasonography

and

digital

mammography

A

Screening

breast

ultrasonography

shows

an

indistinct

hypoechoic

nodule

in

the

right

upper

inner

periareolar

portion

Thus

we

recommended

diagnostic

mammography

after

marking

the

lesion

with

a

round

metal

marker

B

C

D

Right

mediolateral

oblique

and

craniocaudal

views

B

and

C

show

a

spiculated

isodense

nodule

arrow

unmarked

by

computer

aided

detection

CAD

however

CAD

marked

another

lesion

D

asterisk

in

the

upper

portion

and

benign

vascular

calcifications

D

triangle

in

the

outer

portion

The

lesion

was

confirmed

to

be

an

invasive

lobular

carcinoma


Figure 1. A 66-year-old man with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma positive for E-cadherin expression (+++), negative for Ki67 expression (expression index: 50%), weakly positive for VEGFR2 expression and weakly positive for EGFR expression. Axial CT images in the (a) arterial and (b) venous phases show a thickened wall with remarkable enhancement in the lesser curvature of the stomach. Note the region of interest (ROI) covering the largest slice of the lesion.

Figure

A

old

man

with

poorly

differentiated

gastric

adenocarcinoma

positive

for

E

cadherin

expression

negative

for

expression

expression

index

weakly

positive

for

expression

and

weakly

positive

for

EGFR

expression

Axial

CT

images

in

the

a

arterial

and

b

venous

phases

show

a

thickened

wall

with

remarkable

enhancement

in

the

lesser

curvature

of

the

stomach

Note

the

region

of

interest

ROI

covering

the

largest

slice

of

the

lesion


Fig. 3. Radiotherapy plans in axial view for a pre-surgical case before (a) and after (b) PE optimization. The PTV is in blue, the PE is in dark blue and the PL is in beige.

Fig

Radiotherapy

plans

in

axial

view

for

a

pre

surgical

case

before

a

and

after

b

PE

optimization

The

PTV

is

in

blue

the

PE

is

in

dark

blue

and

the

PL

is

in

beige


FIG. 2. Heat maps for the model predicted relative probabilities of (a) coyote use, (b) coyote removal risk, and (c) deer use on Monroe Mountain in Fishlake National Forest, UT. Dark to light is low to high probability, respectively. The x-y coordinates are in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 12N, datum NAD83).

FIG

Heat

maps

for

the

model

predicted

relative

probabilities

of

a

coyote

use

b

coyote

removal

risk

and

c

deer

use

on

Monroe

Mountain

in

Fishlake

National

Forest

UT

Dark

to

light

is

low

to

high

probability

respectively

The

x

y

coordinates

are

in

Universal

Transverse

Mercator

UTM

Zone

datum


Fig. 3. Left; Anterior view of a Ga-67 scan in a patient with the epithelial type of malignant pleural mesothelioma showing diffuse accumulation over the involved hemithorax, with particular strong activity at the apex, mediastinum, and base. Right; Thoracic CT showing diffuse pleural thickening.

Fig

Left

Anterior

view

of

a

scan

in

a

patient

with

the

epithelial

type

of

malignant

pleural

mesothelioma

showing

diffuse

accumulation

over

the

involved

hemithorax

with

particular

strong

activity

at

the

apex

mediastinum

and

base

Right

Thoracic

CT

showing

diffuse

pleural

thickening


Fig. 5 Congenital scoliosis with fused ribs treated using VEPTR. Expansion thoracotomy was conducted by dividing the fused ribs. a Radiograph before surgery. b 3-dimensional CT showing congenital fused ribs and vertebrae. c Intraoperative photo showing expansion thoracotomy and placement of VEPTR. d Radiograph after surgery

Fig

Congenital

scoliosis

with

fused

ribs

treated

using

VEPTR

Expansion

thoracotomy

was

conducted

by

dividing

the

fused

ribs

a

Radiograph

before

surgery

b

CT

showing

congenital

fused

ribs

and

vertebrae

c

Intraoperative

photo

showing

expansion

thoracotomy

and

placement

of

VEPTR

d

Radiograph

after

surgery


Figure 2 (a, b) Confocal longitudinal OCT B-scan passing close to the fovea (length 8 mm, 8 mm lateral resolution). A hyper-reflective area near the abnormal vessel distorts the normal layered retinal disposition. Pinpoints of higher reflectivity are detectable inside this area (c) Confocal coronal OCT C-scan (8 mm lateral resolution) and (d) overlay of simultaneous pixel-to--pixel corresponding C-scan and red-free image. The overlay image clearly shows the anomalous vessel crossing the fovea.

Figure

a

b

Confocal

longitudinal

OCT

B

scan

passing

close

to

the

fovea

length

mm

mm

lateral

resolution

A

hyper

reflective

area

near

the

abnormal

vessel

distorts

the

normal

layered

retinal

disposition

Pinpoints

of

higher

reflectivity

are

detectable

inside

this

area

c

Confocal

coronal

OCT

C

scan

mm

lateral

resolution

and

d

overlay

of

simultaneous

pixel

to

pixel

corresponding

C

scan

and

red

free

image

The

overlay

image

clearly

shows

the

anomalous

vessel

crossing

the

fovea