Fig. 3. The setting of different regions of interest (ROIs). Hounsfield value (HU) represent the CT value used to calculate the CNR and deviation (DEV) represent the standard deviation (SD) value also used in the same formula. Unilateral settings in the small FOV (A) and bilaterally in the large FOV (B).

Fig

The

setting

of

different

regions

of

interest

ROIs

Hounsfield

value

HU

represent

the

CT

value

used

to

calculate

the

CNR

and

deviation

DEV

represent

the

standard

deviation

SD

value

also

used

in

the

same

formula

Unilateral

settings

in

the

small

FOV

A

and

bilaterally

in

the

large

FOV

B


Fig. 1 Epidermal thickness (ET) measurement procedure by HighDefinition Optical Coherence Tomography 3-D imaging: (a) Crosssectional (CS) mode and (b) En-face (EF) mode. Each voxel of the 3-D HD-OCT imaging is defined by a unique set of x, y, z coordinates. (1) First the basal cell layer at the suprapapillary plate will be searched for in the EF mode at the cross of green and red line (yellow arrow ‘‘1’’). (2) The exact position of the basal cell layer in the CS mode can be determined at the cross of green and blue line (yellow arrow ‘‘2’’). (3) Stratum corneum is defined as a hyporeflective

Fig

Epidermal

thickness

ET

measurement

procedure

by

HighDefinition

Optical

Coherence

Tomography

imaging

a

Crosssectional

CS

mode

and

b

En

face

EF

mode

Each

voxel

of

the

HD

OCT

imaging

is

defined

by

a

unique

set

of

x

y

z

coordinates

First

the

basal

cell

layer

at

the

suprapapillary

plate

will

be

searched

for

in

the

EF

mode

at

the

cross

of

green

and

red

line

yellow

arrow

The

exact

position

of

the

basal

cell

layer

in

the

CS

mode

can

be

determined

at

the

cross

of

green

and

blue

line

yellow

arrow

Stratum

corneum

is

defined

as

a

hyporeflective


Figure 6. Diverticulitis with a giant diverticulum mimicking a perisigmoid abscess: a, b: axial and sagittal slices: image of air content (star), with an air-fluid level (arrow), attached to the sigmoid colon; c: sagittal slice: after antibiotic treatment air persists (star) communicating with the lumen of the sigmoid colon (arrow).

Figure

Diverticulitis

with

a

giant

diverticulum

mimicking

a

perisigmoid

abscess

a

b

axial

and

sagittal

slices

image

of

air

content

star

with

an

air

fluid

level

arrow

attached

to

the

sigmoid

colon

c

sagittal

slice

after

antibiotic

treatment

air

persists

star

communicating

with

the

lumen

of

the

sigmoid

colon

arrow


Figure 1 Immunohistochemical staining in islets from patients with nesidioblastosis (a, c, e), and control islets (b, d, f ). (a) IGF2 staining shows 3 þ immunostaining in a postgastric bypass nesidioblastosis case. The islet is irregular with hypertrophied cells. There is moderate nuclear pleomorphism. (b) IGF2 is in a control islet showing 1 þ staining intensity. (c) IGF1Ra showing a postgastric bypass nesidioblastosis case. The islet cells are hypertrophied, and there is 2 þ staining, which is predominantly cell membrane staining. (d) Control islet with 1 þ staining in a control case. (e) TGFbR3 immunostaining in a postgastric bypass islet showing 2 þ staining in the hypertrophied islet cells. The staining is predominantly cytoplasmic with focal cell membrane staining. (f) Control islet showing weaker 1 þ staining for TGFbR3. The staining is predominantly cytoplasmic with focal cell membrane staining.

Figure

Immunohistochemical

staining

in

islets

from

patients

with

nesidioblastosis

a

c

e

and

control

islets

b

d

f

a

staining

shows

þ

immunostaining

in

a

postgastric

bypass

nesidioblastosis

case

The

islet

is

irregular

with

hypertrophied

cells

There

is

moderate

nuclear

pleomorphism

b

is

in

a

control

islet

showing

þ

staining

intensity

c

showing

a

postgastric

bypass

nesidioblastosis

case

The

islet

cells

are

hypertrophied

and

there

is

þ

staining

which

is

predominantly

cell

membrane

staining

d

Control

islet

with

þ

staining

in

a

control

case

e

immunostaining

in

a

postgastric

bypass

islet

showing

þ

staining

in

the

hypertrophied

islet

cells

The

staining

is

predominantly

cytoplasmic

with

focal

cell

membrane

staining

f

Control

islet

showing

weaker

þ

staining

for

The

staining

is

predominantly

cytoplasmic

with

focal

cell

membrane

staining


Fig. 2 CT and MRI images of the mandibular region (scale bar, 5 cm). a A CT image showing a solid mass in the medial mandibular gingiva with bone destruction. b An MRI image showing a heterogeneous signal on a T1-weighted image after gadolinium administration

Fig

CT

and

MRI

images

of

the

mandibular

region

scale

bar

cm

a

A

CT

image

showing

a

solid

mass

in

the

medial

mandibular

gingiva

with

bone

destruction

b

An

MRI

image

showing

a

heterogeneous

signal

on

a

image

after

gadolinium

administration


Fig. 1 This is a schematic depicting a typical workflow from imaging to physical part. A sample is imaged. The raw images need to be analyzed and a model needs to be created from them. The model can be edited using some of the software described in this paper before a final part is fabricated

Fig

This

is

a

schematic

depicting

a

typical

workflow

from

imaging

to

physical

part

A

sample

is

imaged

The

raw

images

need

to

be

analyzed

and

a

model

needs

to

be

created

from

them

The

model

can

be

edited

using

some

of

the

software

described

in

this

paper

before

a

final

part

is

fabricated


Figure 3. Intraoperative endoscopic views of the transsphenoidal approach. A, Coronal computed tomography section shows a vidian canal with canal floor type 1. B, The vidian canal can be visualized at the floor of the sphenoid sinus. C, A probe is used to transect the vidian canal. D, Successful transection of the vidian nerve is performed by direct vision. All arrows indicate the vidian canal.

Figure

Intraoperative

endoscopic

views

of

the

transsphenoidal

approach

A

Coronal

computed

tomography

section

shows

a

vidian

canal

with

canal

floor

type

B

The

vidian

canal

can

be

visualized

at

the

floor

of

the

sphenoid

sinus

C

A

probe

is

used

to

transect

the

vidian

canal

D

Successful

transection

of

the

vidian

nerve

is

performed

by

direct

vision

All

arrows

indicate

the

vidian

canal


Figure 3 . A and B , MRI of T1-weighted sagittal and coronal images; multiple cystic lesions are presented in the para-osseous soft tissue and bone .

Figure

A

and

B

MRI

of

sagittal

and

coronal

images

multiple

cystic

lesions

are

presented

in

the

para

osseous

soft

tissue

and

bone


Fig. 5. Endoscopic view of the stent migrated to the bulb with a massive blood clot (a) and endoscopic view of the ulcerated choledochoduodenostomy ostium, identified after the removal of the stent and of the blood clot (a).

Fig

Endoscopic

view

of

the

stent

migrated

to

the

bulb

with

a

massive

blood

clot

a

and

endoscopic

view

of

the

ulcerated

choledochoduodenostomy

ostium

identified

after

the

removal

of

the

stent

and

of

the

blood

clot

a


Fig 2. T1w MRI of the splenogonadal fusion (a) shows a wellcircumscribed mass of 2.6 cm x 2.4 cm with homogenous contrast media uptake of the upper pole of the left testis. Histological workup (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 10x magnification) of the splenogonadal fusion (b) after surgical resection shows normal splenic tissue in the testicle.

Fig

MRI

of

the

splenogonadal

fusion

a

shows

a

wellcircumscribed

mass

of

cm

x

cm

with

homogenous

contrast

media

uptake

of

the

upper

pole

of

the

left

testis

Histological

workup

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

magnification

of

the

splenogonadal

fusion

b

after

surgical

resection

shows

normal

splenic

tissue

in

the

testicle


Figure 3. Complications occurred during follow-up in two different patients (color Doppler ultrasound images): new rapid aneurysmal degeneration of the proximal brachial artery after previous distal brachial aneurysm exclusion with brachialebrachial bypass (A) and axillary, brachial and bypass thrombosis after blunt arm trauma (B).

Figure

Complications

occurred

during

follow

up

in

two

different

patients

color

Doppler

ultrasound

images

new

rapid

aneurysmal

degeneration

of

the

proximal

brachial

artery

after

previous

distal

brachial

aneurysm

exclusion

with

brachialebrachial

bypass

A

and

axillary

brachial

and

bypass

thrombosis

after

blunt

arm

trauma

B


Figure 5. DJANGOS emerge from atypical nuclear pores. HeLa cells over-expressing B12-HA were visualized by electron microscopy. A. A double-walled membrane body within the nucleus connects to a tube (arrow), which then intermingles with other tubes in various orientations. The cytoplasm is at the lower left. B. Double-membrane body in proximity to the nuclear envelope connects to a complex structure extending into the nucleus. Cytoplasm is at left. C. Simple double-membrane structure extending into the nucleus from an atypical nuclear pore (indicated by the arrow). Cytoplasm is at top. D. Complex double-membrane structure containing two atypical nuclear pores (indicated by the arrows) connected to tubular structures inside the nucleus. Cytoplasm is at top. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094322.g005

Figure

DJANGOS

emerge

from

atypical

nuclear

pores

HeLa

cells

over

expressing

were

visualized

by

electron

microscopy

A.

A

double

walled

membrane

body

within

the

nucleus

connects

to

a

tube

arrow

which

then

intermingles

with

other

tubes

in

various

orientations

The

cytoplasm

is

at

the

lower

left

B.

Double

membrane

body

in

proximity

to

the

nuclear

envelope

connects

to

a

complex

structure

extending

into

the

nucleus

Cytoplasm

is

at

left

C.

Simple

double

membrane

structure

extending

into

the

nucleus

from

an

atypical

nuclear

pore

indicated

by

the

arrow

Cytoplasm

is

at

top

D.

Complex

double

membrane

structure

containing

two

atypical

nuclear

pores

indicated

by

the

arrows

connected

to

tubular

structures

inside

the

nucleus

Cytoplasm

is

at

top


Fig. 5 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An elevated choroidal tumor was detected. The T1-weighted image was isointense, and the T2-weighted image was hypointense

Fig

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

An

elevated

choroidal

tumor

was

detected

The

image

was

isointense

and

the

image

was

hypointense


Figure 1. (A) The left lower lip showed diffuse edema, and the left chin skin was red with hot temperature; (B) cobblestone formation was visible on the left buccal mucosa. Note that the mandibular molars developed black residual roots; (C) residual roots were present in the mandibular molars, and x-ray shadow around roots suggested apical periodontitis; (D and E) high-power magnification demonstrated granulomatous inflammation (E, arrow) beneath the cobblestone mucosa with multinucleated giant cells (D, arrow); (F and G) the swelling and redness disappeared on the lower lip and left chin, and cobblestone formation was invisible on the left buccal mucosa after treatment.

Figure

A

The

left

lower

lip

showed

diffuse

edema

and

the

left

chin

skin

was

red

with

hot

temperature

B

cobblestone

formation

was

visible

on

the

left

buccal

mucosa

Note

that

the

mandibular

molars

developed

black

residual

roots

C

residual

roots

were

present

in

the

mandibular

molars

and

x

ray

shadow

around

roots

suggested

apical

periodontitis

D

and

E

high

power

magnification

demonstrated

granulomatous

inflammation

E

arrow

beneath

the

cobblestone

mucosa

with

multinucleated

giant

cells

D

arrow

F

and

G

the

swelling

and

redness

disappeared

on

the

lower

lip

and

left

chin

and

cobblestone

formation

was

invisible

on

the

left

buccal

mucosa

after

treatment


Figure 3. Biopsy specimen of swollen left clavicular LN. Cells are poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. (A) HE staining (original magnification, × 100). Immunostaining shows that cancerous cells have nuclear expression of Cdx2 protein (B), intense and widespread positivity for CK20 protein (C) and negative immunostaining for CK7 (D).

Figure

Biopsy

specimen

of

swollen

left

clavicular

LN

Cells

are

poorly

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

A

HE

staining

original

magnification

Immunostaining

shows

that

cancerous

cells

have

nuclear

expression

of

protein

B

intense

and

widespread

positivity

for

protein

C

and

negative

immunostaining

for

D


Figure 1. These transverse histological sections of a human embryo with 10 pairs of somites (Carnegie stage 10) show the inner architecture of an S-shaped heart tube as seen in routine histological preparations. The heart was fixed in a systolic state so that its lumen is partially obliterated. (A) Section at the level of the proximal outflow (= OF) of the ventricular tube. (B) Section of at the level of the inflow (= IF) of the ventricular tube. (C) Section at the level of the developing–right and left atrial appendages (= RAA, LAA). Note that the myocardium (= M) and endocardium (= E) are separated by an “empty” space, called the myoendocardial space. Note also: (1) The difference in the thickness of the myoendocardial space between the developing atria and ventricles; and (2) the paired character of the myoendocardial space, which reflects the origin of the heart from bilaterally paired heart fields. The dorsal mesocardium (= DM, and indicated by orange asterisks) and the obliterated endocardial tube can be used as anatomical landmarks for the original midsagittal fusion plane of the left- and right-sided heart fields (marked by the dotted line in section C). Light blue asterisks mark the original ventral midline of the heart tube. Further abbreviations: VB = ventricular bend; Pha = pharynx/foregut.

Figure

These

transverse

histological

sections

of

a

human

embryo

with

pairs

of

somites

Carnegie

stage

show

the

inner

architecture

of

an

S

shaped

heart

tube

as

seen

in

routine

histological

preparations

The

heart

was

fixed

in

a

systolic

state

so

that

its

lumen

is

partially

obliterated

A

Section

at

the

level

of

the

proximal

outflow

OF

of

the

ventricular

tube

B

Section

of

at

the

level

of

the

inflow

IF

of

the

ventricular

tube

C

Section

at

the

level

of

the

developing

right

and

left

atrial

appendages

RAA

LAA

Note

that

the

myocardium

M

and

endocardium

E

are

separated

by

an

empty

space

called

the

myoendocardial

space

Note

also

The

difference

in

the

thickness

of

the

myoendocardial

space

between

the

developing

atria

and

ventricles

and

the

paired

character

of

the

myoendocardial

space

which

reflects

the

origin

of

the

heart

from

bilaterally

paired

heart

fields

The

dorsal

mesocardium

DM

and

indicated

by

orange

asterisks

and

the

obliterated

endocardial

tube

can

be

used

as

anatomical

landmarks

for

the

original

midsagittal

fusion

plane

of

the

left-

and

right

sided

heart

fields

marked

by

the

dotted

line

in

section

C

Light

blue

asterisks

mark

the

original

ventral

midline

of

the

heart

tube

Further

abbreviations

VB

ventricular

bend

Pha

pharynx

foregut


Fig. 2. Sagittal TSE T2-weighted image (July 2015) showing no abnormal findings in the L5-S1 foraminal space (a). Sagittal TSE T2-weighted image (b), axial TSE T2-weighted image (c) and sagittal fat-sat TSE T2-weighted image (d) showing a hyperintense round-shaped lesion involving the right L5-S1 foraminal space. Sagittal SE T1-weighted image (e) showing an hypointense mass in the L5-S1 foraminal space; coronal (f) and axial (g) fat-sat SE T1-weighted image after intravenous contrast administration showing avid enhancement of the lesion. 18F – FDG (18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose) CT-PET (Fig. 2h) showing focal hyperaccumulation within the sacral foramina of right S1 nerve root (SUV max. 5.2).

Fig

Sagittal

TSE

image

July

showing

no

abnormal

findings

in

the

foraminal

space

a

Sagittal

TSE

image

b

axial

TSE

image

c

and

sagittal

fat

sat

TSE

image

d

showing

a

hyperintense

round

shaped

lesion

involving

the

right

foraminal

space

Sagittal

SE

image

e

showing

an

hypointense

mass

in

the

foraminal

space

coronal

f

and

axial

g

fat

sat

SE

image

after

intravenous

contrast

administration

showing

avid

enhancement

of

the

lesion

FDG

Fluorodeoxyglucose

CT

PET

Fig

showing

focal

hyperaccumulation

within

the

sacral

foramina

of

right

nerve

root

SUV

max


Figure 4. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry was used in a 91-year-old control brain to delineate Ch4 from other components of the forebrain. A–D represent increasingly more caudal coronal sections and contain the anteromedial (am), anterolateral (al), anterointermediate (ai), intermediodorsal (id), intermedioventral (iv), and posterior (p) sectors of Ch4. Medial is to the left, dorsal toward the top. Section A is at approximately the same level as Figure 3. 35. ac, Anterior commissure; Am, amygdala; an, ansa lenticularis; ap, ansa peduncularis; bl, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala; GPe, GPi, GPv, external, internal, and medial sectors of the globus pallidus; hc, head of the caudate; Hp, hippocampal formation; ic, internal capsule; iml, internal medullary lamina of the globus pallidus; Nhl, nucleus of the horizontal limb; nst, nucleus of the stria terminalis; ot, optic tract; pt, putamen; son, supraoptic nucleus; st, striatal islands; tc, tail of caudate; vt, temporal horn of lateral ventricle. From Mesulam and Geula (1988) with permission.

Figure

Acetylcholinesterase

histochemistry

was

used

in

a

old

control

brain

to

delineate

from

other

components

of

the

forebrain

A

D

represent

increasingly

more

caudal

coronal

sections

and

contain

the

anteromedial

am

anterolateral

al

anterointermediate

ai

intermediodorsal

i

d

intermedioventral

iv

and

posterior

p

sectors

of

Medial

is

to

the

left

dorsal

toward

the

top

Section

A

is

at

approximately

the

same

level

as

Figure

ac

Anterior

commissure

Am

amygdala

an

ansa

lenticularis

ap

ansa

peduncularis

bl

basolateral

nucleus

of

the

amygdala

GPe

GPi

GPv

external

internal

and

medial

sectors

of

the

globus

pallidus

hc

head

of

the

caudate

Hp

hippocampal

formation

ic

internal

capsule

iml

internal

medullary

lamina

of

the

globus

pallidus

Nhl

nucleus

of

the

horizontal

limb

nst

nucleus

of

the

stria

terminalis

ot

optic

tract

pt

putamen

son

supraoptic

nucleus

st

striatal

islands

tc

tail

of

caudate

vt

temporal

horn

of

lateral

ventricle

From

Mesulam

and

Geula

with

permission


Figure 1. The target sites of PVN and NTS in the rat brain. The photomicro graphs of PVN (A) and NTS (B) of microinjection or chemical ablation sites, respectively. The coronal sections were stained with 1% neutral red, showing the position of needle tip (Scale bar: 200 μm).

Figure

The

target

sites

of

PVN

and

NTS

in

the

rat

brain

The

photomicro

graphs

of

PVN

A

and

NTS

B

of

microinjection

or

chemical

ablation

sites

respectively

The

coronal

sections

were

stained

with

neutral

red

showing

the

position

of

needle

tip

Scale

bar

μm


FIGURE 2 Immunofluorescent localization of vinculin (A), talin (8), the 135-kD protein (C), and actin (D) in thin frozen sections of chicken gizzard smooth muscle. Notice the punctate labeling for vinculin and talin along the cell membranes and the apparent absence of labeling for the 135-kD protein. Actin was abundant throughout the cytoplasm of muscle cells with very little labeling of the connective tissue (ct). Bar, 10 #m.

FIGURE

Immunofluorescent

localization

of

vinculin

A

talin

the

protein

C

and

actin

D

in

thin

frozen

sections

of

chicken

gizzard

smooth

muscle

Notice

the

punctate

labeling

for

vinculin

and

talin

along

the

cell

membranes

and

the

apparent

absence

of

labeling

for

the

protein

Actin

was

abundant

throughout

the

cytoplasm

of

muscle

cells

with

very

little

labeling

of

the

connective

tissue

ct

Bar

m.


Figure 1. A CT angiography slice from lower lobe in mediastinum window (A) and lung (B) window shows lobulated circumscribed mass connecting with curvilinear contrast enhancing structures suggesting pulmonary vessels.

Figure

A

CT

angiography

slice

from

lower

lobe

in

mediastinum

window

A

and

lung

B

window

shows

lobulated

circumscribed

mass

connecting

with

curvilinear

contrast

enhancing

structures

suggesting

pulmonary

vessels


Fig. 2. The process of measurement of total plaque volume (TPV) by manual planimetry. Three-dimensional ultrasound images of plaque volumes were acquired from the longitudinal and cross sectional carotid scans. Plaque boundaries were traced using a mouse driven cross-haired cursor and cross-sectional area of the plaque was delineated from 8-12 transverse sections of the image between the edges of the plaque, and the mean plaque volume value of 3 measurements of each plaque was used for analysis. In this patient, plaques were visualized in left internal carotid artery (A) and right bulb (B), and TPV was the sum of the areas of all plaques (A + B).

Fig

The

process

of

measurement

of

total

plaque

volume

TPV

by

manual

planimetry

Three

dimensional

ultrasound

images

of

plaque

volumes

were

acquired

from

the

longitudinal

and

cross

sectional

carotid

scans

Plaque

boundaries

were

traced

using

a

mouse

driven

cross

haired

cursor

and

cross

sectional

area

of

the

plaque

was

delineated

from

transverse

sections

of

the

image

between

the

edges

of

the

plaque

and

the

mean

plaque

volume

value

of

measurements

of

each

plaque

was

used

for

analysis

In

this

patient

plaques

were

visualized

in

left

internal

carotid

artery

A

and

right

bulb

B

and

TPV

was

the

sum

of

the

areas

of

all

plaques

A

B


Figure 2. Parasagittal section through the tail of a 15-d embryo. (A) Antibodies to TGF-I~ incubated with uncoupled agarose (see Materials and Methods) stain connective tissue sheaths of muscle; (B) an equivalent aliquot of antibody incubated with agarose to which TGF-13 had been coupled gave no staining. Dilution of the anti-TGF-I~ IgG preparation was 1:390. Bar, 100 ~tm.

Figure

Parasagittal

section

through

the

tail

of

a

embryo

A

Antibodies

to

TGF

I~

incubated

with

uncoupled

agarose

see

Materials

and

Methods

stain

connective

tissue

sheaths

of

muscle

B

an

equivalent

aliquot

of

antibody

incubated

with

agarose

to

which

had

been

coupled

gave

no

staining

Dilution

of

the

anti

TGF

I~

IgG

preparation

was

Bar

~tm


Figure 17. Hydatid cyst. (a) Photograph of a resected hepatic hydatid cyst shows the fibrous pericyst (arrowheads) and the opened endocyst (arrow). (b) Portalvenous-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan obtained in a 45-year-old sheep raiser shows two cystic lesions in the liver with subtotally calcified walls (arrows). (c) Fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR image obtained in a 32- year-old man shows a solitary hyperintense lesion in the right lobe of the liver. Note the internal calcifications (arrowheads) and the hypointense pseudocapsule (arrows).

Figure

Hydatid

cyst

a

Photograph

of

a

resected

hepatic

hydatid

cyst

shows

the

fibrous

pericyst

arrowheads

and

the

opened

endocyst

arrow

b

Portalvenous

phase

contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

obtained

in

a

old

sheep

raiser

shows

two

cystic

lesions

in

the

liver

with

subtotally

calcified

walls

arrows

c

Fast

spin

echo

MR

image

obtained

in

a

year

old

man

shows

a

solitary

hyperintense

lesion

in

the

right

lobe

of

the

liver

Note

the

internal

calcifications

arrowheads

and

the

hypointense

pseudocapsule

arrows


Fig. 2 Gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI scan shows an ovoid mass with the diameter of 1.6 centimeter in the left occipital lobe. The mass is hyperintense on T1-weighted image (a), iso- to hypointense on T2-weighted image (b), evident homogeneous enhancement on Gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced (c) and gadobutrol-enhanced (d) T1-weighted image. Gadobutrol-enhanced T1-weighted image detects nodular enhancement around the cerebellum (f) while gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced T1-weighted image shows no abnormality (e)

Fig

Gadopentetate

dimeglumine

enhanced

MRI

scan

shows

an

ovoid

mass

with

the

diameter

of

centimeter

in

the

left

occipital

lobe

The

mass

is

hyperintense

on

image

a

iso-

to

hypointense

on

image

b

evident

homogeneous

enhancement

on

Gadopentetate

dimeglumine

enhanced

c

and

gadobutrol

enhanced

d

image

Gadobutrol

enhanced

image

detects

nodular

enhancement

around

the

cerebellum

f

while

gadopentetate

dimeglumine

enhanced

image

shows

no

abnormality

e


Fig. 5 LOVE - axial (panel a), − sagittal (panel b), - coronal (panel c), and 3D (panel d) reformations of a 72 year-old male patient who underwent cardiac CTA 9 months after implantation of a ACP® LAA occlusion device. Panels a, b, and c show optimal positioning of the device with no peri-device leak, complete lobe coverage as well as complete neo-endothelialization of the device suggested by the absence of contrast enhancement < 50 Hounsfield units in the LAA (* in B and C). Volume rendered reconstructions

Fig

LOVE

axial

panel

a

sagittal

panel

b

coronal

panel

c

and

panel

d

reformations

of

a

year

old

male

patient

who

underwent

cardiac

CTA

months

after

implantation

of

a

ACP

LAA

occlusion

device

Panels

a

b

and

c

show

optimal

positioning

of

the

device

with

no

peri

device

leak

complete

lobe

coverage

as

well

as

complete

neo

endothelialization

of

the

device

suggested

by

the

absence

of

contrast

enhancement

Hounsfield

units

in

the

LAA

in

B

and

C

Volume

rendered

reconstructions


Figure 1 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of retinal sections. (A) WT control animals reveal clearly defined nuclear and plexiform layers. (B) WT hypo mouse retinas reveal thin and highly disorganized cell and plexiform layers with numerous pyknotic cells (arrow).The ganglion cell layer appear thin and is populated by small cell bodies. The smaller picture shows a central section of a WT hypo specimen with almost no survival. (C) KO control mice display clearly defined nuclear and plexiform layers. (D) Hypoperfused Gal-3 knockout mouse retinas (KO hypo) show a clearly laminated architecture with well populated cell layers. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Figure

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

staining

of

retinal

sections

A

WT

control

animals

reveal

clearly

defined

nuclear

and

plexiform

layers

B

WT

hypo

mouse

retinas

reveal

thin

and

highly

disorganized

cell

and

plexiform

layers

with

numerous

pyknotic

cells

arrow).The

ganglion

cell

layer

appear

thin

and

is

populated

by

small

cell

bodies

The

smaller

picture

shows

a

central

section

of

a

WT

hypo

specimen

with

almost

no

survival

C

KO

control

mice

display

clearly

defined

nuclear

and

plexiform

layers

D

Hypoperfused

knockout

mouse

retinas

KO

hypo

show

a

clearly

laminated

architecture

with

well

populated

cell

layers

Scale

bar

μm


Figure 2. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. (A) Sagittal and (B, C) axial views. Partial enhancement was found in the posterior regions of the C4 (arrows) and C5 cord (arrowheads).

Figure

Gadolinium

enhanced

imaging

A

Sagittal

and

B

C

axial

views

Partial

enhancement

was

found

in

the

posterior

regions

of

the

arrows

and

cord

arrowheads


Fig. 2 Example of complete response to SBRT assessed by MRI. a The initial abdominal MRI scan with the primary HCC indicated by the arrow. b MRI scan of 6 months after SBRT. This patient was classified as CR at 6 months after SBRT. c MRI scan of 3 years after SBRT. The lesion in liver reveals changes after treatment and no activity

Fig

Example

of

complete

response

to

SBRT

assessed

by

MRI

a

The

initial

abdominal

MRI

scan

with

the

primary

HCC

indicated

by

the

arrow

b

MRI

scan

of

months

after

SBRT

This

patient

was

classified

as

CR

at

months

after

SBRT

c

MRI

scan

of

years

after

SBRT

The

lesion

in

liver

reveals

changes

after

treatment

and

no

activity


Figure 2 Expression of p21 waf1/cip1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and normal esophageal epithelium. Acetone ®xed frozen tissue sections were incubated with 0.3% H 2 O 2 in methanol for 20 min to quench endogenous peroxidase activity followed by 3% BSA blocking at room temperature for 20 min. The anti p21 waf1/cip1 monoclonal antibody (187, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA) was used as primary antibody. Sections were incubated with primary antibody for 16 h at 48C. Color was developed using Vectastain ABC Elite Kit and di-aminobenzidine as chromogen as described previously (Gaur et al., 1997). (a) H&E staining of a well dierentiated ESCC section. (b) Well dierentiated ESCC section showing intense p21 waf1/cip1 nuclear staining. (c) H&E staining of a poorly dierentiated ESCC section. (d) Poorly dierentiated ESCC section showing moderate p21 waf1/cip1 nuclear staining. (e) H&E staining of normal esophageal epithelium. (f) Normal esophageal epithelium showing low basal levels of p21 waf1/cip1 expression (Magni®cation 6200)

Figure

Expression

of

protein

in

esophageal

squamous

cell

carcinomas

and

normal

esophageal

epithelium

Acetone

xed

frozen

tissue

sections

were

incubated

with

H

O

in

methanol

for

min

to

quench

endogenous

peroxidase

activity

followed

by

BSA

blocking

at

room

temperature

for

min

The

anti

monoclonal

antibody

Santa

Cruz

Biotechnology

CA

USA

was

used

as

primary

antibody

Sections

were

incubated

with

primary

antibody

for

h

at

Color

was

developed

using

Vectastain

ABC

Elite

Kit

and

di

aminobenzidine

as

chromogen

as

described

previously

Gaur

et

al

a

H&E

staining

of

a

well

dierentiated

ESCC

section

b

Well

dierentiated

ESCC

section

showing

intense

nuclear

staining

c

H&E

staining

of

a

poorly

dierentiated

ESCC

section

d

Poorly

dierentiated

ESCC

section

showing

moderate

nuclear

staining

e

H&E

staining

of

normal

esophageal

epithelium

f

Normal

esophageal

epithelium

showing

low

basal

levels

of

expression

Magni

cation


Figure 1 T2-weighted, fat-suppressed sagittal magnetic resonance images showing a hyperintense (a) dot (arrow) and (b) line (arrowhead) at the interface between the fragment and the lesion.

Figure

fat

suppressed

sagittal

magnetic

resonance

images

showing

a

hyperintense

a

dot

arrow

and

b

line

arrowhead

at

the

interface

between

the

fragment

and

the

lesion


Fig. 1 Radiological and histopathological findings. a A chest radiograph showing a mass in the right upper lung field. b A chest computed tomography scan showing a mass with an irregular surface in the right upper lobe. c Gross examination showing a solid tumor (diameter, 5 cm) with internal bleeding. d-g Topographic presentation of the cut surface shows three different components; portion A: well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (e), portion B: poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (f), and portion C: sarcomatoid cancer (g). The ratio of the area occupied by these 3 components, i.e. well-differentiated adenocarcinoma: poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma: sarcomatoid cancer, is 15: 80: 5. Yellow, light blue and red denote the area of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and sarcomatoid cancer, respectively

Fig

Radiological

and

histopathological

findings

a

A

chest

radiograph

showing

a

mass

in

the

right

upper

lung

field

b

A

chest

computed

tomography

scan

showing

a

mass

with

an

irregular

surface

in

the

right

upper

lobe

c

Gross

examination

showing

a

solid

tumor

diameter

cm

with

internal

bleeding

d

g

Topographic

presentation

of

the

cut

surface

shows

three

different

components

portion

A

well

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

e

portion

B

poorly

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

f

and

portion

C

sarcomatoid

cancer

g

The

ratio

of

the

area

occupied

by

these

components

i.e.

well

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

poorly

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

sarcomatoid

cancer

is

Yellow

light

blue

and

red

denote

the

area

of

well

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

poorly

differentiated

adenocarcinoma

and

sarcomatoid

cancer

respectively


Figure 3. Immunofiuorescent staining of doubly infected BHK-21 cells. The cells were treated with antibody 11/4 (specific for Flo HA) followed by a rhodamine-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody. After washing, the preparation was incubated with biotinylated antibody N1 (specific for Meg HA) followed by fluoresceinconjugated streptavidin. (Left) Rhodamine-stained cells demonstrating the presence of Flo HA at the plasma membrane. (Right) The corresponding fluorescein staining with the anti-Meg HA antibody. >95% of the cells expressed both HA types. No crossreactivity was seen with cells infected with only one antigenic variant (see also Fig. 2).

Figure

Immunofiuorescent

staining

of

doubly

infected

cells

The

cells

were

treated

with

antibody

specific

for

Flo

HA

followed

by

a

rhodamine

conjugated

goat

anti

mouse

antibody

After

washing

the

preparation

was

incubated

with

biotinylated

antibody

specific

for

Meg

HA

followed

by

fluoresceinconjugated

streptavidin

Left

Rhodamine

stained

cells

demonstrating

the

presence

of

Flo

HA

at

the

plasma

membrane

Right

The

corresponding

fluorescein

staining

with

the

anti

Meg

HA

antibody

of

the

cells

expressed

both

HA

types

No

crossreactivity

was

seen

with

cells

infected

with

only

one

antigenic

variant

see

also

Fig


Figure 3. FUS-mediated gadolinium delivery in the rat brain is dependent on ultrasound pressure (A) MRgFUS-mediated BBB disruption, measured by gadolinium delivery, is enhanced at 0.6 MPa compared to 0.4 MPa, shown by high resolution T1-weighted MR images. Left column, pre-sonication coronal images. Middle column, post-sonication contrast enhanced coronal images. Right column, post-sonication contrast enhanced sagittal images. (B,C) 0.6 MPa produced significantly larger contrast enhanced focal regions and also increased the average grayscale intensity within the focal regions (C), indicating that both area and degree of BBB disruption was increased at 0.6 MPa (n=8, measurements taken from coronal images). * denotes p< 0.05

Figure

FUS

mediated

gadolinium

delivery

in

the

rat

brain

is

dependent

on

ultrasound

pressure

A

MRgFUS

mediated

BBB

disruption

measured

by

gadolinium

delivery

is

enhanced

at

MPa

compared

to

MPa

shown

by

high

resolution

MR

images

Left

column

pre

sonication

coronal

images

Middle

column

post

sonication

contrast

enhanced

coronal

images

Right

column

post

sonication

contrast

enhanced

sagittal

images

B

C

MPa

produced

significantly

larger

contrast

enhanced

focal

regions

and

also

increased

the

average

grayscale

intensity

within

the

focal

regions

C

indicating

that

both

area

and

degree

of

BBB

disruption

was

increased

at

MPa

measurements

taken

from

coronal

images

denotes

p


Figure 3. Example of graft-versus-tumor response in a patient with mantle-cell lymphoma treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after non-myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine and low-dose (2 Gy) total body irradiation (TBI). At the time of allogeneic HCT the patient had recurrent disease following treatment with high-dose radiolabeled antibodies and autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell support. (A) Pretransplantation computed tomography (CT) scan image (day e27) through the upper pelvis demonstrating a mass 8 cm Â 7 cm extending through 12 0.5-cm cuts. (B) CT scan image through the same region demonstrating complete resolution of the mass on day þ74 after non-myeloablative transplantation from an HLA-matched unrelated donor. The patient has remained in remission 30 months after transplantation with no evidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). From Maris et al (2004, Blood 104: 3535e3542) with permission.

Figure

Example

of

graft

versus

tumor

response

in

a

patient

with

mantle

cell

lymphoma

treated

with

allogeneic

hematopoietic

cell

transplantation

HCT

after

non

myeloablative

conditioning

with

fludarabine

and

low

dose

Gy

total

body

irradiation

TBI

At

the

time

of

allogeneic

HCT

the

patient

had

recurrent

disease

following

treatment

with

high

dose

radiolabeled

antibodies

and

autologous

peripheral

blood

stem

cell

support

A

Pretransplantation

computed

tomography

CT

scan

image

day

through

the

upper

pelvis

demonstrating

a

mass

cm

Â

cm

extending

through

cuts

B

CT

scan

image

through

the

same

region

demonstrating

complete

resolution

of

the

mass

on

day

after

non

myeloablative

transplantation

from

an

HLA

matched

unrelated

donor

The

patient

has

remained

in

remission

months

after

transplantation

with

no

evidence

of

graft

versus

host

disease

GVHD

From

Maris

et

al

Blood

with

permission


Figure 12 A 63-year-old female under evaluation for ovarian mass. (A) Sagittal T2W images showing a well-defined complex ovarian cyst showing hyperintense solid component which shows post contrast enhancement (black arrowhead-B) and restricted diffusion (black arrow-C) with low ADC values (white arrow-D). Restricted diffusion in the solid component was suggestive of this lesion to be a malignant ovarian mass. Final histopathology revealed mucinous cystadenocarcinoma..

Figure

A

old

female

under

evaluation

for

ovarian

mass

A

Sagittal

images

showing

a

well

defined

complex

ovarian

cyst

showing

hyperintense

solid

component

which

shows

post

contrast

enhancement

black

arrowhead

B

and

restricted

diffusion

black

arrow

C

with

low

ADC

values

white

arrow

D

Restricted

diffusion

in

the

solid

component

was

suggestive

of

this

lesion

to

be

a

malignant

ovarian

mass

Final

histopathology

revealed

mucinous

cystadenocarcinoma


Fig. 3 Case 14 presented with a visual acuity of 40 letters at baseline according to the ETDRS chart. The patient was treated with 5 consecutive intravitreal ranibizumab injections. At the 12-month follow-up, the visual acuity of the patient had improved to 63 letters according to ETDRS. a Fundus photography at baseline. b Baseline fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography showing complex vascular and polypoidal lesions. c Optical coherence tomography at baseline. d Fundus photography at the 12-month follow-up. e Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography showing complete polyp regression at the 12month follow-up. f Optical coherence tomography at the 12- month follow-up showing the resolution of PED and the return of the normal foveal depression

Fig

Case

presented

with

a

visual

acuity

of

letters

at

baseline

according

to

the

ETDRS

chart

The

patient

was

treated

with

consecutive

intravitreal

ranibizumab

injections

At

the

follow

up

the

visual

acuity

of

the

patient

had

improved

to

letters

according

to

ETDRS

a

Fundus

photography

at

baseline

b

Baseline

fluorescein

angiography

and

indocyanine

green

angiography

showing

complex

vascular

and

polypoidal

lesions

c

Optical

coherence

tomography

at

baseline

d

Fundus

photography

at

the

follow

up

e

Fluorescein

angiography

and

indocyanine

green

angiography

showing

complete

polyp

regression

at

the

follow

up

f

Optical

coherence

tomography

at

the

month

follow

up

showing

the

resolution

of

PED

and

the

return

of

the

normal

foveal

depression


Fig. 3 MRI findings for intradural-extramedullary spinal hemangioblastoma. On sagittal T2WI, there was no HIA in the spinal cord on the craniocaudal sides of the tumor (a). On contrast axial images, smooth boundary lines were clearly seen due to compression of the spinal cord by the extramedullary tumor (b)

Fig

MRI

findings

for

intradural

extramedullary

spinal

hemangioblastoma

On

sagittal

there

was

no

HIA

in

the

spinal

cord

on

the

craniocaudal

sides

of

the

tumor

a

On

contrast

axial

images

smooth

boundary

lines

were

clearly

seen

due

to

compression

of

the

spinal

cord

by

the

extramedullary

tumor

b


Fig. 2 Micro-CT-based virtual medial sagittal sections of Calliphora vicina puparia at different percentages of time of the total intra-puparial period (IPP). a 0% IPP. b 10% IPP. Arrow shows the separation of the pupal epidermis from the larval cuticle (i.e. puparium). c Specimen at 10% IPP where the gas bubble (gb) exploded during hot water fixation. d 20% IPP. Arrow shows the separation of the adult epidermis from the pupal cuticle; note that the separation is not complete over all the body. e

Fig

Micro

CT

based

virtual

medial

sagittal

sections

of

Calliphora

vicina

puparia

at

different

percentages

of

time

of

the

total

intra

puparial

period

IPP

a

IPP

b

IPP

Arrow

shows

the

separation

of

the

pupal

epidermis

from

the

larval

cuticle

i.e.

puparium

c

Specimen

at

IPP

where

the

gas

bubble

gb

exploded

during

hot

water

fixation

d

IPP

Arrow

shows

the

separation

of

the

adult

epidermis

from

the

pupal

cuticle

note

that

the

separation

is

not

complete

over

all

the

body

e


Fig. 1 Tumor response during sorafenib treatment. PET/CT showed multiple lesions in both lungs (a1), mediastinal lymph nodes (a2) and abdominal cavity (a3). No lesion was found in the liver by PET/CT (a3), abdominal MRI (d1-d3). The tumor response in both intrathoracic and intraperitoneal lesions dramatically shrank (b1-b3, c1-c3 and d1-d3)

Fig

Tumor

response

during

sorafenib

treatment

PET

CT

showed

multiple

lesions

in

both

lungs

mediastinal

lymph

nodes

and

abdominal

cavity

No

lesion

was

found

in

the

liver

by

PET

CT

abdominal

MRI

The

tumor

response

in

both

intrathoracic

and

intraperitoneal

lesions

dramatically

shrank

and


Fig. 7 (A) Transverse section of an actually structuring osteon forming a tunnel of about 250 mm; it contains a central arteriole and two capillaries with a thin endothelial wall. Osteoblasts are present in the lower zone of the canal surface (between arrows), but no complete concentric lamellar system is yet evident. Haematoxylin-eosin stain (bar = 50 μm). (B) Longitudinal section of the cortex showing an actually structuring osteon with osteoclasts at the head of the cutting cone diverging to form a bifurcation. Haematoxylin-eosin stain (bar = 50 μm). (C) Vessel turning in a circle and closing a loop at short distance from a bifurcation (arrow). Unstained hemicortex (bar = 200 μm).

Fig

A

Transverse

section

of

an

actually

structuring

osteon

forming

a

tunnel

of

about

mm

it

contains

a

central

arteriole

and

two

capillaries

with

a

thin

endothelial

wall

Osteoblasts

are

present

in

the

lower

zone

of

the

canal

surface

between

arrows

but

no

complete

concentric

lamellar

system

is

yet

evident

Haematoxylin

eosin

stain

bar

μm

B

Longitudinal

section

of

the

cortex

showing

an

actually

structuring

osteon

with

osteoclasts

at

the

head

of

the

cutting

cone

diverging

to

form

a

bifurcation

Haematoxylin

eosin

stain

bar

μm

C

Vessel

turning

in

a

circle

and

closing

a

loop

at

short

distance

from

a

bifurcation

arrow

Unstained

hemicortex

bar

μm


FIGURE 3. Septic embolism. Lung infarction by a septic thrombus from the tricuspid valve in a 21-yr-old female with endocarditis. Repeated blood cultures and culture of the valve disclosed a positive culture for Staphylococcus aureus. a) A haematoxylin- and eosin-stained section of this infarcted lung specimen shows the obstructed large pulmonary artery branch and surrounding lung tissue with coagulation necrosis (original magnification 640). b) Chest computed tomography of this patient with endocarditis of the tricuspidal valve and pulmonary septic emboli. Axial computed tomography showing multiple irregular nodules of which some are cavitated. Moreover, feeding vessels are demonstrated leading directly to a subpleural cavitated nodule in the right upper lobe (white arrow).

FIGURE

Septic

embolism

Lung

infarction

by

a

septic

thrombus

from

the

tricuspid

valve

in

a

old

female

with

endocarditis

Repeated

blood

cultures

and

culture

of

the

valve

disclosed

a

positive

culture

for

Staphylococcus

aureus

a

A

haematoxylin-

and

eosin

stained

section

of

this

infarcted

lung

specimen

shows

the

obstructed

large

pulmonary

artery

branch

and

surrounding

lung

tissue

with

coagulation

necrosis

original

magnification

b

Chest

computed

tomography

of

this

patient

with

endocarditis

of

the

tricuspidal

valve

and

pulmonary

septic

emboli

Axial

computed

tomography

showing

multiple

irregular

nodules

of

which

some

are

cavitated

Moreover

feeding

vessels

are

demonstrated

leading

directly

to

a

subpleural

cavitated

nodule

in

the

right

upper

lobe

white

arrow


Fig. 3 Intraoperative photogram of the endoscopic surgery for hemorrhagic pineal cyst. A: The cyst wall (asterisk) was exposed by removal of clot around cyst. B: After resection of the cyst wall, intracystic hematoma was removed with grasping forceps. C: Photomicrograph of cyst specimen revealing pineal tissue with necrotic change. H & E, ×400.

Fig

Intraoperative

photogram

of

the

endoscopic

surgery

for

hemorrhagic

pineal

cyst

A

The

cyst

wall

asterisk

was

exposed

by

removal

of

clot

around

cyst

B

After

resection

of

the

cyst

wall

intracystic

hematoma

was

removed

with

grasping

forceps

C

Photomicrograph

of

cyst

specimen

revealing

pineal

tissue

with

necrotic

change

H

E


Fig. 1 Grade 1 hemorrhages on axial computed tomography scans obtained after ventriculostomy. A: Punctuate intraparenchymal hematoma along the tract of the catheter. B: Trace subarachnoid hemorrhages associated with the catheter. C: Minimal intraventricular hemorrhage (arrow) after the ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure.

Fig

Grade

hemorrhages

on

axial

computed

tomography

scans

obtained

after

ventriculostomy

A

Punctuate

intraparenchymal

hematoma

along

the

tract

of

the

catheter

B

Trace

subarachnoid

hemorrhages

associated

with

the

catheter

C

Minimal

intraventricular

hemorrhage

arrow

after

the

ventriculoperitoneal

shunt

procedure


Fig. 1. Endoscopic and histologic findings of primary tumor in case 1. (A) Colonoscopic examination shows subpedunculated mass in the rectum with an ill-defined boundary. (B) Pathologic examination reveals a rectal cancer infiltrating the submucosa, with an adenoma component at the periphery.

Fig

Endoscopic

and

histologic

findings

of

primary

tumor

in

case

A

Colonoscopic

examination

shows

subpedunculated

mass

in

the

rectum

with

an

ill

defined

boundary

B

Pathologic

examination

reveals

a

rectal

cancer

infiltrating

the

submucosa

with

an

adenoma

component

at

the

periphery


Figure 5. Migration of DCs from epidermis upon local Hyperthermia. Mice were given local hyperthermia by placing hyperthermia patched on shaved skin. Epidermal sheets were prepared from control (A) and treated (B) mice 24 hours after treatments and stained for CD11c (PE). Nuclear staining was done using DAPI. Images were taken at 106 and are representative of three independent experiments. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032067.g005

Figure

Migration

of

DCs

from

epidermis

upon

local

Hyperthermia

Mice

were

given

local

hyperthermia

by

placing

hyperthermia

patched

on

shaved

skin

Epidermal

sheets

were

prepared

from

control

A

and

treated

B

mice

hours

after

treatments

and

stained

for

PE

Nuclear

staining

was

done

using

DAPI

Images

were

taken

at

and

are

representative

of

three

independent

experiments


Fig. 2 Nasoseptal flap necrosis. Left: Intraoperative endoscopic view of a necrotic NSF (circle). Right: Normal NSF with CSF leak (arrow). (Adapted from Chabot et al, 2018 5 ). CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; NSF, nasoseptal flap.

Fig

Nasoseptal

flap

necrosis

Left

Intraoperative

endoscopic

view

of

a

necrotic

NSF

circle

Right

Normal

NSF

with

CSF

leak

arrow

Adapted

from

Chabot

et

al

CSF

cerebrospinal

fluid

NSF

nasoseptal

flap


Fig. 9 a Coronal scan shows obliteration of the external auditory canal with broad changes and osteolysis of the temporal bone. b Coronal scan post-op. shows involvement of the middle ear and stapes

Fig

a

Coronal

scan

shows

obliteration

of

the

external

auditory

canal

with

broad

changes

and

osteolysis

of

the

temporal

bone

b

Coronal

scan

post

op

shows

involvement

of

the

middle

ear

and

stapes


Figure 1. Pleomorphic adenoma (hematoxylin-eosin). A, Typical pleomorphic adenoma with a myxoid stroma and cellular myoepithelial area. Focal squamous metaplasia is present (arrows) (original magnification ϫ100). B, Atypical pleomorphic adenoma with focal nuclear enlargement and prominent nucleoli within epithelial cells lining glands (original magnification ϫ200). C, Atypical pleomorphic adenoma with moderate nuclear enlargement and pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli (original magnification ϫ200). D, Focus of marked nuclear pleomorphism within a pleomorphic adenoma. In this tumor, myoepithelial cells, some with plasmacytoid or hyaline morphology, are the cells with pleomorphic nucleoli. Note the absence of mitotic activity or necrosis (original magnification ϫ400).

Figure

Pleomorphic

adenoma

hematoxylin

eosin

A

Typical

pleomorphic

adenoma

with

a

myxoid

stroma

and

cellular

myoepithelial

area

Focal

squamous

metaplasia

is

present

arrows

original

magnification

B

Atypical

pleomorphic

adenoma

with

focal

nuclear

enlargement

and

prominent

nucleoli

within

epithelial

cells

lining

glands

original

magnification

C

Atypical

pleomorphic

adenoma

with

moderate

nuclear

enlargement

and

pleomorphism

and

prominent

nucleoli

original

magnification

D

Focus

of

marked

nuclear

pleomorphism

within

a

pleomorphic

adenoma

In

this

tumor

myoepithelial

cells

some

with

plasmacytoid

or

hyaline

morphology

are

the

cells

with

pleomorphic

nucleoli

Note

the

absence

of

mitotic

activity

or

necrosis

original

magnification


Figure 2: Axial (a), sagittal (b) and coronal (c) contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI scans demonstrate the fourth ventricle lesion with intense enhancement c b a

Figure

Axial

a

sagittal

b

and

coronal

c

contrast

enhanced

MRI

scans

demonstrate

the

fourth

ventricle

lesion

with

intense

enhancement

c

b

a


Figure 2. (CT scan): (A and B) The multiloculated cystic retroperitoneal lesion (white arrows), at the level of the second portion of the duodenum in continuity with the pancreatic head which is displaced anteriorly and to the right.

Figure

CT

scan

A

and

B

The

multiloculated

cystic

retroperitoneal

lesion

white

arrows

at

the

level

of

the

second

portion

of

the

duodenum

in

continuity

with

the

pancreatic

head

which

is

displaced

anteriorly

and

to

the

right


Figure 1. A chest radiography revealed elevation of the diaphragm due to dilated and gaseous intestines (a). A radiograph of the abdomen revealed diffusely dilated intestines and multiple, small radiolucent linear bubbles lining the intestines (circle) (b). Abdominal computed tomography revealed dilated and gaseous small intestines, retention of gas in the intestinal wall (circle) (c), and intraperitoneal free air (arrows) (d). Operative findings revealed small air bubbles in the intestinal wall and mesentery (e).

Figure

A

chest

radiography

revealed

elevation

of

the

diaphragm

due

to

dilated

and

gaseous

intestines

a

A

radiograph

of

the

abdomen

revealed

diffusely

dilated

intestines

and

multiple

small

radiolucent

linear

bubbles

lining

the

intestines

circle

b

Abdominal

computed

tomography

revealed

dilated

and

gaseous

small

intestines

retention

of

gas

in

the

intestinal

wall

circle

c

and

intraperitoneal

free

air

arrows

d

Operative

findings

revealed

small

air

bubbles

in

the

intestinal

wall

and

mesentery

e


Fig. 2. (a) Postoperative computed tomography (CT)-scan showing the good shape of the reconstructed aortic root and arch. (b) Three-dimensional CT-scan demonstrating optimal fitting of the stent-graft.

Fig

a

Postoperative

computed

tomography

CT)-scan

showing

the

good

shape

of

the

reconstructed

aortic

root

and

arch

b

Three

dimensional

CT

scan

demonstrating

optimal

fitting

of

the

stent

graft


Figure 4. Genetic Screen for Transfer of an Intron-Containing Plastid Gene to the Nuclear Genome (A) Isolation of putative gene transfer lines. Growth on kanamycin-containing medium suggests activation of the formerly silent nptII gene, presumably through functional transfer to the nuclear genome. Two typical selection plates (with one positive line each) were photographed after 18 days (left) and 40 days (right). Note that the sensitive seedlings are still slightly green after 18 days (which, at least in part, is due to the high sowing density) but nearly fully bleached after 40 days. Scale bars represent 20 mm. (B) Mendelian segregation of the activated kanamycin resistance gene confirms gene transfer to the nucleus. Shown are examples of inheritance assays performed by sowing seeds on kanamycin-containing medium (kanamycin concentration: 200 mg/L). The seeds from the cGTas-Kan lines used in these tests were generated by using the cGTas-Kan lines as pollen donors and crossing them to a WT maternal parent. Both putative gene transfer lines show the expected 1:1 segregation into kanamycin-resistant and kanamycin-sensitive progeny. The total segregation ratio determined was resistant: sensitive = 214: 203 for line cGTas-Kan1 (51.3% resistant seedlings) and resistant: sensitive = 279: 211 for line cGTas-Kan2 (56.9% resistant seedlings). Pictures were taken after 19 days.

Figure

Genetic

Screen

for

Transfer

of

an

Intron

Containing

Plastid

Gene

to

the

Nuclear

Genome

A

Isolation

of

putative

gene

transfer

lines

Growth

on

kanamycin

containing

medium

suggests

activation

of

the

formerly

silent

nptII

gene

presumably

through

functional

transfer

to

the

nuclear

genome

Two

typical

selection

plates

with

one

positive

line

each

were

photographed

after

days

left

and

days

right

Note

that

the

sensitive

seedlings

are

still

slightly

green

after

days

which

at

least

in

part

is

due

to

the

high

sowing

density

but

nearly

fully

bleached

after

days

Scale

bars

represent

mm

B

Mendelian

segregation

of

the

activated

kanamycin

resistance

gene

confirms

gene

transfer

to

the

nucleus

Shown

are

examples

of

inheritance

assays

performed

by

sowing

seeds

on

kanamycin

containing

medium

kanamycin

concentration

mg

L

The

seeds

from

the

cGTas

Kan

lines

used

in

these

tests

were

generated

by

using

the

cGTas

Kan

lines

as

pollen

donors

and

crossing

them

to

a

WT

maternal

parent

Both

putative

gene

transfer

lines

show

the

expected

segregation

into

kanamycin

resistant

and

kanamycin

sensitive

progeny

The

total

segregation

ratio

determined

was

resistant

sensitive

for

line

cGTas

resistant

seedlings

and

resistant

sensitive

for

line

cGTas

resistant

seedlings

Pictures

were

taken

after

days


Figure 1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from case one shows increased periventricular T2 signal on axial FLAIR sequences (a) with ependymal enhancement lining the ventricle (b). MRI from case two shows hydrocephalus with subtle ependymal enhancement lining the ventricles (c).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

from

case

one

shows

increased

periventricular

signal

on

axial

FLAIR

sequences

a

with

ependymal

enhancement

lining

the

ventricle

b

MRI

from

case

two

shows

hydrocephalus

with

subtle

ependymal

enhancement

lining

the

ventricles

c


Fig. 5 Contrast-enhanced 3-D CT images of a cervical spine injury with luxation of C3/4. Both CR (a) and VR (b) images show the anterior subluxation of the cervical vertebrae (arrows). The enhanced lightning of CR creates a high contrast between vessels and bone, making it easy to follow the course of the vertebral artery

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

CT

images

of

a

cervical

spine

injury

with

luxation

of

Both

CR

a

and

VR

b

images

show

the

anterior

subluxation

of

the

cervical

vertebrae

arrows

The

enhanced

lightning

of

CR

creates

a

high

contrast

between

vessels

and

bone

making

it

easy

to

follow

the

course

of

the

vertebral

artery


Figure 1: Computed tomography (CT) myelography images from a 73-year-old man (body weight 56 kg) with severe lumbar canal stenosis at the level of L1-L2 and multiple compression fractures (T10, T12, and L1). (a) Sagittal conventional CT myelography image. (b) Sagittal virtual monochromatic image (55 keV). (c) Sagittal virtual monochromatic image (40 keV). (d) Axial conventional CT myelography image at T6. (e) Axial virtual monochromatic image (55 keV). (f) Axial virtual monochromatic image (40 keV). e window setting was as follows: window width, 1250 Houns eld units; window level, 250 Houns eld units.

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

myelography

images

from

a

old

man

body

weight

kg

with

severe

lumbar

canal

stenosis

at

the

level

of

and

multiple

compression

fractures

and

a

Sagittal

conventional

CT

myelography

image

b

Sagittal

virtual

monochromatic

image

keV

c

Sagittal

virtual

monochromatic

image

keV

d

Axial

conventional

CT

myelography

image

at

e

Axial

virtual

monochromatic

image

keV

f

Axial

virtual

monochromatic

image

keV

e

window

setting

was

as

follows

window

width

Houns

eld

units

window

level

Houns

eld

units


Fig. 1 CT of a male fetus aged 19 weeks (in the sagittal projection) recorded in DICOM formats (a), with the sagittal 3D reconstruction (b), with the sagittal projection of the fetal pelvic girdle and lower limbs (c), with primary ossification center of the fibular shaft (d), assessed by Osirix 3.9

Fig

CT

of

a

male

fetus

aged

weeks

in

the

sagittal

projection

recorded

in

DICOM

formats

a

with

the

sagittal

reconstruction

b

with

the

sagittal

projection

of

the

fetal

pelvic

girdle

and

lower

limbs

c

with

primary

ossification

center

of

the

fibular

shaft

d

assessed

by

Osirix


Figure 1. A 64-year-old man in whom ICC recurred 9 months after partial resection of right hepatic lobe. A: MRI showed an irregular tumor located at the edge of resection on the T2-weighted image. B: Intercostal sonograms showed a 4.2 cm tumor and it was treated by sonography-guided RFA. C: On 1-month CT, the margin of the ablation zone was obscure and coarse, without sufficient safety margin. D: A repeated RFA was performed for the unablated tumor area. E: CT scan 3 months after repeated RFA showed that ablated zone had clear margin and no enhancement. This patient survived for 30 months after the initial RFA treatment and died of tumor spread and metastasis.

Figure

A

old

man

in

whom

ICC

recurred

months

after

partial

resection

of

right

hepatic

lobe

A

MRI

showed

an

irregular

tumor

located

at

the

edge

of

resection

on

the

image

B

Intercostal

sonograms

showed

a

cm

tumor

and

it

was

treated

by

sonography

guided

RFA

C

On

CT

the

margin

of

the

ablation

zone

was

obscure

and

coarse

without

sufficient

safety

margin

D

A

repeated

RFA

was

performed

for

the

unablated

tumor

area

E

CT

scan

months

after

repeated

RFA

showed

that

ablated

zone

had

clear

margin

and

no

enhancement

This

patient

survived

for

months

after

the

initial

RFA

treatment

and

died

of

tumor

spread

and

metastasis


Fig. 1 (A) Preoperative lateral radiograph revealing an L1 severe osteoporotic compression fracture with marked kyphosis. (B) Postoperative lateral radiograph revealing the presence of cement within the vertebral body, and demonstrating slight regaining of anterior vertebral body height. (C) Axial CT scan at L1 revealing the radiopaque cement filling the vertebral body.

Fig

A

Preoperative

lateral

radiograph

revealing

an

severe

osteoporotic

compression

fracture

with

marked

kyphosis

B

Postoperative

lateral

radiograph

revealing

the

presence

of

cement

within

the

vertebral

body

and

demonstrating

slight

regaining

of

anterior

vertebral

body

height

C

Axial

CT

scan

at

revealing

the

radiopaque

cement

filling

the

vertebral

body


Figure 12. Ultra structure of wild type and ms21 sperm axonemes. A, Schematic of an axial fiber of Drosophila sperm, adapted from Nielsen and Raff [72] showing the typical 9+9+2 arrangement of microtubules (see text for details). B, Wild type post-individualization axonemes, each wrapped in its own membrane showing the typical 9+9+2 architecture. Each axial fiber in a sperm is associated with two mitochondrial derivatives, a major (M) and a minor (m) one (long and short arrows in B, respectively). C, ms21 axonemes from unindividualized sperm bundle showing various defects: in the axoneme on the left, both the mitochondrial derivatives are of the same size while in the axoneme towards right, m is larger than M, and the two are not properly orientated, unlike in wild type, where M is always larger than m and they are oriented in a particular angle with respect to the axial fiber. The radial spokes and the secondary fibers (sf, long white arrow) in both the axonemes of ms21 are not uniformly organized. Some of the secondary fibers in the axoneme towards right are enlarged and appear as tubules. Outer and inner dynein arms associated with some of the peripheral doublets in both axonemes are normal (short white arrows) but are reduced in some doublets (black arrows). Since none of the sperm bundle completes individualization in the ms21 testes, distinct cell membranes between different axonemes were not identifiable. Scale Bar in is 200 nm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027822.g012

Figure

Ultra

structure

of

wild

type

and

sperm

axonemes

A

Schematic

of

an

axial

fiber

of

Drosophila

sperm

adapted

from

Nielsen

and

Raff

showing

the

typical

arrangement

of

microtubules

see

text

for

details

B

Wild

type

post

individualization

axonemes

each

wrapped

in

its

own

membrane

showing

the

typical

architecture

Each

axial

fiber

in

a

sperm

is

associated

with

two

mitochondrial

derivatives

a

major

M

and

a

minor

m

one

long

and

short

arrows

in

B

respectively

C

axonemes

from

unindividualized

sperm

bundle

showing

various

defects

in

the

axoneme

on

the

left

both

the

mitochondrial

derivatives

are

of

the

same

size

while

in

the

axoneme

towards

right

m

is

larger

than

M

and

the

two

are

not

properly

orientated

unlike

in

wild

type

where

M

is

always

larger

than

m

and

they

are

oriented

in

a

particular

angle

with

respect

to

the

axial

fiber

The

radial

spokes

and

the

secondary

fibers

sf

long

white

arrow

in

both

the

axonemes

of

are

not

uniformly

organized

Some

of

the

secondary

fibers

in

the

axoneme

towards

right

are

enlarged

and

appear

as

tubules

Outer

and

inner

dynein

arms

associated

with

some

of

the

peripheral

doublets

in

both

axonemes

are

normal

short

white

arrows

but

are

reduced

in

some

doublets

black

arrows

Since

of

the

sperm

bundle

completes

individualization

in

the

testes

distinct

cell

membranes

between

different

axonemes

were

not

identifiable

Scale

Bar

in

is

nm


Fig. 2 – Left cerebellar hemisphere. (a) Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) reveals numerous veins running between the folia. (b) Perfusion-weighted imaging using an arterial spin labeling technique shows increase in perfusion.

Fig

Left

cerebellar

hemisphere

a

Susceptibility

weighted

imaging

SWI

reveals

numerous

veins

running

between

the

folia

b

Perfusion

weighted

imaging

using

an

arterial

spin

labeling

technique

shows

increase

in

perfusion


Figure 4. X-ray images of (a) Chagas dilated cardiomyopathy and (b) megaesophagus.

Figure

X

ray

images

of

a

Chagas

dilated

cardiomyopathy

and

b

megaesophagus


Fig. 2. Case 2. This 31-year-old woman presented with a five-year history of a slowly enlarging, palpable, and painless mass in her left lower eyelid (white arrows). (A) Preoperative axial computed tomography (CT) image. (B) Preoperative coronal CT image. (C) Preoperative photograph. (D) Intraoperative photograph showing the mass. (E) Photomicrograph of a tumor specimen showing typical manifestation of schwannoma with Antoni A areas (black arrow) containing Verocay bodies and Antoni B areas (blue arrow) (H&E, ×40). (F) Immunohistochemical analysis showing positive staining for S-100 protein (S-100, ×40). (G) Postoperative axial CT image. (H) Postoperative coronal CT image. (I) Follow-up photograph at eight months.

Fig

Case

This

old

woman

presented

with

a

five

year

history

of

a

slowly

enlarging

palpable

and

painless

mass

in

her

left

lower

eyelid

white

arrows

A

Preoperative

axial

computed

tomography

CT

image

B

Preoperative

coronal

CT

image

C

Preoperative

photograph

D

Intraoperative

photograph

showing

the

mass

E

Photomicrograph

of

a

tumor

specimen

showing

typical

manifestation

of

schwannoma

with

Antoni

A

areas

black

arrow

containing

Verocay

bodies

and

Antoni

B

areas

blue

arrow

H&E

F

Immunohistochemical

analysis

showing

positive

staining

for

protein

G

Postoperative

axial

CT

image

H

Postoperative

coronal

CT

image

I

Follow

up

photograph

at

eight

months


Figure 1 (A, B) X-ray examination of the left femur showed the medullary lytic lesions (arrows) localised in distal diaphysis–metaphysis causing cortical destruction.

Figure

A

B

X

ray

examination

of

the

left

femur

showed

the

medullary

lytic

lesions

arrows

localised

in

distal

diaphysis

metaphysis

causing

cortical

destruction


Figure 1. Computed tomography scan at admission: A) axial lung window: right lower lobe atelectasis; B) and C) axial mediastinal window with IV contrast: Enlarged mediastinal lymphadenopathy at 4R,7 and 10R with endobronchial mass causing intermediate bronchus obstruction; D) coronal lung window: right lower lobe atelectasis and intermediate bronchus mass.

Figure

Computed

tomography

scan

at

admission

A

axial

lung

window

right

lower

lobe

atelectasis

B

and

C

axial

mediastinal

window

with

IV

contrast

Enlarged

mediastinal

lymphadenopathy

at

and

with

endobronchial

mass

causing

intermediate

bronchus

obstruction

D

coronal

lung

window

right

lower

lobe

atelectasis

and

intermediate

bronchus

mass


Fig. 2. A 39-year-old female patient with ruptured right IC-ophthalmic aneurysm. (A) Brain CT scan revealed a diffuse IVH, and a large ICH in the left prefrontal area with an estimated volume of 56 mL. (B) Brain CTA and DSA revealed a 12 mm ruptured right-IC-Ophthalmic aneurysm. (C-E) She underwent endovascular coil embolization using 7 coils (C: preoperative, D: postoperative), which was followed by SRH and EVD (E: postoperative). (F) Seven days later, a brain CT scan revealed a significant decrease in ICH and IVH. CT = computed tomography; IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; CTA = CT angiography; DSA = digital subtraction angiography; SRH = stereotactic aspiration of hematomas; EVD = extra-ventricular drainage.

Fig

A

old

female

patient

with

ruptured

right

IC

ophthalmic

aneurysm

A

Brain

CT

scan

revealed

a

diffuse

IVH

and

a

large

ICH

in

the

left

prefrontal

area

with

an

estimated

volume

of

mL.

B

Brain

CTA

and

DSA

revealed

a

mm

ruptured

right

IC

Ophthalmic

aneurysm

C

E

She

underwent

endovascular

coil

embolization

using

coils

C

preoperative

D

postoperative

which

was

followed

by

SRH

and

EVD

E

postoperative

F

Seven

days

later

a

brain

CT

scan

revealed

a

significant

decrease

in

ICH

and

IVH

CT

computed

tomography

IVH

intraventricular

hemorrhage

ICH

intracerebral

hemorrhage

CTA

CT

angiography

DSA

digital

subtraction

angiography

SRH

stereotactic

aspiration

of

hematomas

EVD

extra

ventricular

drainage


Fig. 2. p16INK4a staining in a case of allograft nephropathy. (A) Zero biopsy from a 19-year-old donor with no p16INK4a staining. (B) Oneyear follow-up biopsy diagnosed with allograft nephropathy showing nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for p16INK4a in tubular cells. The amount of nuclear staining is compatible with what was found in normal kidneys from individuals in their eighties.

Fig

staining

in

a

case

of

allograft

nephropathy

A

Zero

biopsy

from

a

old

donor

with

no

staining

B

Oneyear

follow

up

biopsy

diagnosed

with

allograft

nephropathy

showing

nuclear

and

cytoplasmic

staining

for

in

tubular

cells

The

amount

of

nuclear

staining

is

compatible

with

what

was

found

in

normal

kidneys

from

individuals

in

their

eighties


Figure 1. In sonographic imaging, (A) there is an irregular shaped hypoechoic nodule with internal calcifications at the mid pole (white arrow) and (B) multiple enlarged lymph nodes, ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm along the jugular chain of the neck. In microscopic view of needle biopsy, a few bacilli are noted (inset: Ziehl Neelsen, ×1,000).

Figure

In

sonographic

imaging

A

there

is

an

irregular

shaped

hypoechoic

nodule

with

internal

calcifications

at

the

mid

pole

white

arrow

and

B

multiple

enlarged

lymph

nodes

ranging

from

to

cm

along

the

jugular

chain

of

the

neck

In

microscopic

view

of

needle

biopsy

a

few

bacilli

are

noted

inset

Ziehl

Neelsen


FIG. 2.-The effect of spermidine on the incorporation of H3-uridine and on the nuclear structure of salivary gland nuclei of D. melanogaster. (A) Nucleus from salivary gland preincubated in Medium 199 containing no additions, followed by incubation in the same medium containing H3-uridine (30 Mc/ml). (B) Nucleus from sister gland preincubated in Medium 199 containing spermidine (6.4 X 10-4 M), and then incubated in Medium 199 containing H3-uridine.

FIG

effect

of

spermidine

on

the

incorporation

of

and

on

the

nuclear

structure

of

salivary

gland

nuclei

of

D.

melanogaster

A

Nucleus

from

salivary

gland

preincubated

in

Medium

containing

no

additions

followed

by

incubation

in

the

same

medium

containing

Mc

ml

B

Nucleus

from

sister

gland

preincubated

in

Medium

containing

spermidine

X

M

and

then

incubated

in

Medium

containing


Figure 1. (a) Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealing left frontal punctate cortical restricted diffusion with probable subtle associated T2 hyperintensity consistent with subacute to acute infarction. (b) Transesophageal echocardiography showing a severely thickened anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with a shaggy echodensity consistent with vegetation.

Figure

a

Brain

magnetic

resonance

imaging

revealing

left

frontal

punctate

cortical

restricted

diffusion

with

probable

subtle

associated

hyperintensity

consistent

with

subacute

to

acute

infarction

b

Transesophageal

echocardiography

showing

a

severely

thickened

anterior

leaflet

of

the

mitral

valve

with

a

shaggy

echodensity

consistent

with

vegetation


FIG. 2. (a) Regions of overlap in selection-related fMRI activity during three semantic retrieval tasks (16) The convergence of activity during all three tasks, including verb generation, is shown in black. (b) Regions of overlap in lesion location for patients who had selectionrelated deficits on the verb generation task.

FIG

a

Regions

of

overlap

in

selection

related

fMRI

activity

during

three

semantic

retrieval

tasks

The

convergence

of

activity

during

all

three

tasks

including

verb

generation

is

shown

in

black

b

Regions

of

overlap

in

lesion

location

for

patients

who

had

selectionrelated

deficits

on

the

verb

generation

task


Fig. 1. Phenobarbital addition induced a widespread abnormal EEG slowing associated with diffuse triphasic sharp waves and left temporal-parietal paroxysms (A). One week later, phenobarbital withdrawal and lacosamide addition induced a prompt recovery of vigilance level, and EEG (B) showed rare interictal sharp waves in temporal-parietal-occipital regions and normal background activity. Each vertical column is 1 s of recording time.

Fig

Phenobarbital

addition

induced

a

widespread

abnormal

EEG

slowing

associated

with

diffuse

triphasic

sharp

waves

and

left

temporal

parietal

paroxysms

A

One

week

later

phenobarbital

withdrawal

and

lacosamide

addition

induced

a

prompt

recovery

of

vigilance

level

and

EEG

B

showed

rare

interictal

sharp

waves

in

temporal

parietal

occipital

regions

and

normal

background

activity

Each

vertical

column

is

s

of

recording

time


Fig. 2 – Volumetric model obtained from the original multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data. The left coronary artery is marked in red. The modeled segment of plaque free coronary artery bifurcation is marked with (a).

Fig

Volumetric

model

obtained

from

the

original

multislice

computed

tomography

MSCT

data

The

left

coronary

artery

is

marked

in

red

The

modeled

segment

of

plaque

free

coronary

artery

bifurcation

is

marked

with

a


Figure 1. Computed tomography (CT) revealed two huge tumors, tumor thrombi extended from the renal tumor and deep venous thrombosis in the right iliofemoral vein. (A) The white arrowheads indicate the tumor originating from the right kidney. (B) The black arrowheads show the tumor in the ascending colon. (C) Coronal view of CT demonstrated the tumor (white arrowheads) protruding from the right kidney and the renal vein cranially compressed by the tumor. The black arrows indicate the extensive tumor thrombus in the right renal vein. (D) Coronal view of CT demonstrated the two huge tumors. The white arrowheads indicate the renal tumor, and the black arrowheads show the colon carcinoma. The two tumors compressed the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the left side. The white arrows indicate the thrombus in the right iliac vein.

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

revealed

two

huge

tumors

tumor

thrombi

extended

from

the

renal

tumor

and

deep

venous

thrombosis

in

the

right

iliofemoral

vein

A

The

white

arrowheads

indicate

the

tumor

originating

from

the

right

kidney

B

The

black

arrowheads

show

the

tumor

in

the

ascending

colon

C

Coronal

view

of

CT

demonstrated

the

tumor

white

arrowheads

protruding

from

the

right

kidney

and

the

renal

vein

cranially

compressed

by

the

tumor

The

black

arrows

indicate

the

extensive

tumor

thrombus

in

the

right

renal

vein

D

Coronal

view

of

CT

demonstrated

the

two

huge

tumors

The

white

arrowheads

indicate

the

renal

tumor

and

the

black

arrowheads

show

the

colon

carcinoma

The

two

tumors

compressed

the

inferior

vena

cava

IVC

to

the

left

side

The

white

arrows

indicate

the

thrombus

in

the

right

iliac

vein


Figure 2. A) Ultrasound imaging of intramuscular lipoma showing hyperechoic (compared to adjacent muscle), relatively well-defined mass with fine internal echoes. Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution License from Chernev I, 2013. 71 B) Ultrasound imaging showing heterogeneous thenar intramuscular lipoma with irregular margins and interdigitations within skeletal muscle that create the typical striated appearance. Reproduced with permission of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (Zamora MA, 2005; Permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc). 92 C) MRI of intramuscular lipoma of the thenar eminence. Note the fat signal intensity and homogeneous appearance of the mass. Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution License from Chernev I, 2013. 71 D) MRI intramuscular lipoma of the tibialis anterior muscle. Note the heterogeneous appearance of the mass with streaky intralesional structures. Reproduced with permission (Nishida J, 2007; pending permission from Springer Science and Business Media). 17 E) MRI showing a mass with increased signal intensity infiltrating the thenar muscles. The lesion appears isointense relative to subcutaneous fat and is compatible with a deep infiltrating intramuscular lipoma. Reproduced with permission of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (Zamora MA, 2005; Permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc). 92 F) MRI of intramuscular lipoma of the thenar eminence. Note the bilobular appearance of the tumor. Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution License from Chernev I, 2013. 71

Figure

A

Ultrasound

imaging

of

intramuscular

lipoma

showing

hyperechoic

compared

to

adjacent

muscle

relatively

well

defined

mass

with

fine

internal

echoes

Reproduced

under

the

Creative

Commons

Attribution

License

from

Chernev

I

B

Ultrasound

imaging

showing

heterogeneous

thenar

intramuscular

lipoma

with

irregular

margins

and

interdigitations

within

skeletal

muscle

that

create

the

typical

striated

appearance

Reproduced

with

permission

of

the

American

Institute

of

Ultrasound

in

Medicine

Zamora

MA

Permission

conveyed

through

Copyright

Clearance

Center

Inc

C

MRI

of

intramuscular

lipoma

of

the

thenar

eminence

Note

the

fat

signal

intensity

and

homogeneous

appearance

of

the

mass

Reproduced

under

the

Creative

Commons

Attribution

License

from

Chernev

I

D

MRI

intramuscular

lipoma

of

the

tibialis

anterior

muscle

Note

the

heterogeneous

appearance

of

the

mass

with

streaky

intralesional

structures

Reproduced

with

permission

Nishida

J

pending

permission

from

Springer

Science

and

Business

Media

E

MRI

showing

a

mass

with

increased

signal

intensity

infiltrating

the

thenar

muscles

The

lesion

appears

isointense

relative

to

subcutaneous

fat

and

is

compatible

with

a

deep

infiltrating

intramuscular

lipoma

Reproduced

with

permission

of

the

American

Institute

of

Ultrasound

in

Medicine

Zamora

MA

Permission

conveyed

through

Copyright

Clearance

Center

Inc

F

MRI

of

intramuscular

lipoma

of

the

thenar

eminence

Note

the

bilobular

appearance

of

the

tumor

Reproduced

under

the

Creative

Commons

Attribution

License

from

Chernev

I


Fig 9. Short condyles in coronal (A), sagittal (B), and axial (C) images.

Fig

Short

condyles

in

coronal

A

sagittal

B

and

axial

C

images


Figure 1: (a) Oblique coronal reformatted contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck in the soft tissue window showing acute thrombosis of the left brachiocephalic vein (arrowheads) extending below into the brachiocephalic vein. (b) Extension of Figure 1a indicating the location of the thrombosis and lymphadenopathy

Figure

a

Oblique

coronal

reformatted

contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

of

the

neck

in

the

soft

tissue

window

showing

acute

thrombosis

of

the

left

brachiocephalic

vein

arrowheads

extending

below

into

the

brachiocephalic

vein

b

Extension

of

Figure

indicating

the

location

of

the

thrombosis

and

lymphadenopathy


Figure 5 E1B-55K nuclear export is a ected by overexpression of retroviral shuttle proteins but not vice versa. Overexpression of HIV-1 Rev (5 mg of plasmid-DNA) a ected the nuclear export of E1B-GFP (1 mg of plasmid-DNA) (a,b). In contrast, the shuttling of Rex-GFP (1 mg of plasmid-DNA) was not inhibited by overexpression of E1B-55K (5 mg of plasmid-DNA). Asterisks are indicating cells coexpressing E1B-GFP and Rev, whereas the arrow marks a cell expressing E1B-GFP only. The presence of HIV-1 Rev or untagged E1B-55K in the same cells was veri®ed by indirect immuno¯uorescence using an a-Rev or a-E1B-55K antiserum, respectively

Figure

K

nuclear

export

is

a

ected

by

overexpression

of

retroviral

shuttle

proteins

but

not

vice

versa

Overexpression

of

Rev

mg

of

plasmid

DNA

a

ected

the

nuclear

export

of

GFP

mg

of

plasmid

DNA

a

b

In

contrast

the

shuttling

of

Rex

GFP

mg

of

plasmid

DNA

was

not

inhibited

by

overexpression

of

K

mg

of

plasmid

DNA

Asterisks

are

indicating

cells

coexpressing

GFP

and

Rev

whereas

the

arrow

marks

a

cell

expressing

GFP

only

The

presence

of

Rev

or

untagged

K

in

the

same

cells

was

veri

ed

by

indirect

immuno¯uorescence

using

an

a

Rev

or

a

K

antiserum

respectively


Figure 1. A) B-mode image in the coronal view of a tumor located in the right flank of a rat indicated with yellow arrows. B) A coronal maximum intensity projection of 3D intensity data from a stack of 2D acoustic angiography images in the same imaging area. Using acoustic angiography we can visualize the tumor tissue and microvasculature with exceptional tissue rejection.

Figure

A

B

mode

image

in

the

coronal

view

of

a

tumor

located

in

the

right

flank

of

a

rat

indicated

with

yellow

arrows

B

A

coronal

maximum

intensity

projection

of

intensity

data

from

a

stack

of

acoustic

angiography

images

in

the

same

imaging

area

Using

acoustic

angiography

we

can

visualize

the

tumor

tissue

and

microvasculature

with

exceptional

tissue

rejection


Figure 3: Fused axial positron emission tomography/computed tomography of the neck (a) and noncontrast computed tomography (b) of the neck showing normal appearing thyroid gland with physiological uptake. Fused axial positron emission tomography/computed tomography of the chest (c) and noncontrast computed tomography (d) of the chest showing a mildly active heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass with calcifications abutting the posterior aspect of the left brachiocephalic vein and aortic arch. This was confirmed as ectopic thyroid on biopsy d c

Figure

Fused

axial

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

of

the

neck

a

and

noncontrast

computed

tomography

b

of

the

neck

showing

normal

appearing

thyroid

gland

with

physiological

uptake

Fused

axial

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

of

the

chest

c

and

noncontrast

computed

tomography

d

of

the

chest

showing

a

mildly

active

heterogeneous

anterior

mediastinal

mass

with

calcifications

abutting

the

posterior

aspect

of

the

left

brachiocephalic

vein

and

aortic

arch

This

was

confirmed

as

ectopic

thyroid

on

biopsy

d

c


Fig. 3. Invading PT phenotypes in the feronia mutant. (A-C,H,J) Cleared whole-mount preparations. (D,E,I) Ovules stained with Aniline Blue to visualize the PT. (F,G) Crosses to PT marker line expressing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. (A) Mature FGs of wild-type and feronia (fer/+) plants before fertilization are indistinguishable from each other and contain synergid cells (sc), egg cell (ec) and central cell (cc). (B) Fertilized wild-type ovules at 24 HAP that contain an elongated zygote (arrow) and free nuclear endosperm (arrowheads). (C) Unfertilized feronia (fer/+) ovule at 24 HAP. The secondary endosperm nucleus (sen) of the central cell and the egg cell nucleus (ecn) are visible. The pollen tube (arrow) enters the ovule but forms an entangled structure (arrowhead) within the FG. (D) Wild-type ovule after fertilization. The PT (arrow) terminated in the micropylar area (mi) of the embryo sac. (E) feronia mutant in which the PT invades the micropylar area (arrow). (F) In wild-type ovules the GUS-activity of the PT remains restricted to the micropylar area of the FG (arrow). (G) In mutant FG the GUS signal is observed in the entire micropylar part of the FG. Owing to the strong GUS activity, the stain diffused into the central cell. (H,I) The PT enters the central cell (arrowheads) after coiling in the micropylar area (arrow). (J) Formation of free nuclear endosperm (arrowheads) after the PT has invaded the FG (arrow). Scale bars: 30 µm.

Fig

Invading

PT

phenotypes

in

the

feronia

mutant

A

C

H

J

Cleared

whole

mount

preparations

D

E

I

Ovules

stained

with

Aniline

Blue

to

visualize

the

PT

F

G

Crosses

to

PT

marker

line

expressing

the

β

glucuronidase

GUS

gene

A

Mature

FGs

of

wild

type

and

feronia

fer/+

plants

before

fertilization

are

indistinguishable

from

each

other

and

contain

synergid

cells

sc

egg

cell

ec

and

central

cell

cc

B

Fertilized

wild

type

ovules

at

HAP

that

contain

an

elongated

zygote

arrow

and

free

nuclear

endosperm

arrowheads

C

Unfertilized

feronia

fer/+

ovule

at

HAP

The

secondary

endosperm

nucleus

sen

of

the

central

cell

and

the

egg

cell

nucleus

ecn

are

visible

The

pollen

tube

arrow

enters

the

ovule

but

forms

an

entangled

structure

arrowhead

within

the

FG

D

Wild

type

ovule

after

fertilization

The

PT

arrow

terminated

in

the

micropylar

area

mi

of

the

embryo

sac

E

feronia

mutant

in

which

the

PT

invades

the

micropylar

area

arrow

F

In

wild

type

ovules

the

GUS

activity

of

the

PT

remains

restricted

to

the

micropylar

area

of

the

FG

arrow

G

In

mutant

FG

the

GUS

signal

is

observed

in

the

entire

micropylar

part

of

the

FG

Owing

to

the

strong

GUS

activity

the

stain

diffused

into

the

central

cell

H

I

The

PT

enters

the

central

cell

arrowheads

after

coiling

in

the

micropylar

area

arrow

J

Formation

of

free

nuclear

endosperm

arrowheads

after

the

PT

has

invaded

the

FG

arrow

Scale

bars

µm


Fig. 2. Axial T2-weighted image. (A) No evidence of abnormality in patient no. 9. (B) Bilateral focal hyperintensities in the thalamus (white arrows) in patient no. 19. (C) Bilateral focal hyperintensities in the putamen (black arrows) in patient no. 17. (D) Bilateral focal hyperintensities in the putamen (black arrows) and thalamus (white arrows) in patient no. 21. (E-1) Bilateral focal hyperintensities in the putamen (black arrows) and thalamus (white arrows) in patient no. 1. (E-2) Bilateral diffuse hyperintensities in the periventricular white matter (white arrow heads) in patient no. 1.

Fig

Axial

image

A

No

evidence

of

abnormality

in

patient

no

B

Bilateral

focal

hyperintensities

in

the

thalamus

white

arrows

in

patient

no

C

Bilateral

focal

hyperintensities

in

the

putamen

black

arrows

in

patient

no

D

Bilateral

focal

hyperintensities

in

the

putamen

black

arrows

and

thalamus

white

arrows

in

patient

no

Bilateral

focal

hyperintensities

in

the

putamen

black

arrows

and

thalamus

white

arrows

in

patient

no

Bilateral

diffuse

hyperintensities

in

the

periventricular

white

matter

white

arrow

heads

in

patient

no


Fig. 3 -The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) in BALB/c mice. In these Nissl-stained coronal sections taken approximately in the middle of the rostrocaudal extent of the MePD, the wedge-shaped MePD (limits indicated by arrows) abuts the ventrolateral margin of the cell-body sparse optic tract (ot; running from lower left corner of photograph to upper right) and is more slender in female (upper) than male mice (lower), resulting in sexual dimorphism in overall volume of the nucleus. IM = intercalated mass; BMA = basal medial nucleus of the amygdala; MePV = posteroventral medial amygdala. Scale bar = 250 μm.

Fig

-The

posterodorsal

medial

amygdala

MePD

in

BALB

c

mice

In

these

Nissl

stained

coronal

sections

taken

approximately

in

the

middle

of

the

rostrocaudal

extent

of

the

MePD

the

wedge

shaped

MePD

limits

indicated

by

arrows

abuts

the

ventrolateral

margin

of

the

cell

body

sparse

optic

tract

ot

running

from

lower

left

corner

of

photograph

to

upper

right

and

is

more

slender

in

female

upper

than

male

mice

lower

resulting

in

sexual

dimorphism

in

overall

volume

of

the

nucleus

IM

intercalated

mass

BMA

basal

medial

nucleus

of

the

amygdala

MePV

posteroventral

medial

amygdala

Scale

bar

μm


Fig. 1 A contrast-enhanced CT scan showing multiple hypo dense lesions in both kidneys (white arrows), bulkiness of both ovaries (black arrows), and permeative osteolytic lesions in the bony pelvis (arrowhead)

Fig

A

contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

showing

multiple

hypo

dense

lesions

in

both

kidneys

white

arrows

bulkiness

of

both

ovaries

black

arrows

and

permeative

osteolytic

lesions

in

the

bony

pelvis

arrowhead


Figure 1: (a) Preoperative magnetic resonance (MRI) coronal T2-weighted imaging demonstrating sellar/suprasellar mass (diameter of 2 cm) with a heterogeneous signal, mainly hyperintense, compressing the optic chiasm and extended laterally toward the left cavernous sinus. (b and c) Preoperative magnetic resonance coronal and sagittal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging showing an intense and diffuse enhancement. (d-f) MRI imaging performed 2 years before showing normal pituitary/sellar signal (white arrow), the frontal arachnoid cyst and left vestibular schwannoma d

Figure

a

Preoperative

magnetic

resonance

MRI

coronal

imaging

demonstrating

sellar

suprasellar

mass

diameter

of

cm

with

a

heterogeneous

signal

mainly

hyperintense

compressing

the

optic

chiasm

and

extended

laterally

toward

the

left

cavernous

sinus

b

and

c

Preoperative

magnetic

resonance

coronal

and

sagittal

contrast

enhanced

imaging

showing

an

intense

and

diffuse

enhancement

d

f

MRI

imaging

performed

years

before

showing

normal

pituitary

sellar

signal

white

arrow

the

frontal

arachnoid

cyst

and

left

vestibular

schwannoma

d


Fig. 3 A 4-week-old 3.5-kg boy. Imaging was performed using 6 ml of contrast medium and 3 ml saline by manual injection with 20 s scan delay. Volumetric imaging of an 8-cm chest range was acquired using a 320-MDCT scanner. Scan parameters were: tube voltage 80 kVp, tube current 60 mA, rotation time 0.35 s that resulted in 21 mAs. A ventilation tube was in situ (a) and the central airways were found

Fig

A

old

boy

Imaging

was

performed

using

ml

of

contrast

medium

and

ml

saline

by

manual

injection

with

s

scan

delay

Volumetric

imaging

of

an

chest

range

was

acquired

using

a

scanner

Scan

parameters

were

tube

voltage

kVp

tube

current

mA

rotation

time

s

that

resulted

in

mAs

A

ventilation

tube

was

in

situ

a

and

the

central

airways

were

found


Figure 4. A single slice of an OCT scan for different scan media. The dark region is the space above the surface of the agar plate. The red area is the agar. The yellow area is the mound as well as the bacteria on the surface. A) Dry Scan. B) Oil Immersion Scan of mound in (A). C) Dry Scan. D) Glycerol Immersed Scan of mound in (C). Brighter regions below mounds in (A) and (C) demonstrate lensing effects for dry scans. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002850.g004

Figure

A

single

slice

of

an

OCT

scan

for

different

scan

media

The

dark

region

is

the

space

above

the

surface

of

the

agar

plate

The

red

area

is

the

agar

The

yellow

area

is

the

mound

as

well

as

the

bacteria

on

the

surface

A

Dry

Scan

B

Oil

Immersion

Scan

of

mound

in

A

C

Dry

Scan

D

Glycerol

Immersed

Scan

of

mound

in

C

Brighter

regions

below

mounds

in

A

and

C

demonstrate

lensing

effects

for

dry

scans


Figure 6. Chondrosarcoma of the cricoid cartilage in a 70-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and dysphagia. (a) Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a large, hypoattenuating mass with coarse calcifications, characteristic of chondrosarcoma. The mass arises from the cricoid cartilage and leads to significant airway obstruction (arrow). (b) Endoscopic image (rotated so that the patient’s right side is situated to the reader’s right side) shows that the large tumor mass (arrowheads) is covered by intact mucosa. Note the significant airway obstruction (arrow). The mass arising from the cricoid cartilage is seen at the bottom of the image. E = epiglottis, F = false vocal cord. Histologic analysis revealed lowgrade chondrosarcoma.

Figure

Chondrosarcoma

of

the

cricoid

cartilage

in

a

old

man

who

presented

with

dyspnea

and

dysphagia

a

Axial

contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

shows

a

large

hypoattenuating

mass

with

coarse

calcifications

characteristic

of

chondrosarcoma

The

mass

arises

from

the

cricoid

cartilage

and

leads

to

significant

airway

obstruction

arrow

b

Endoscopic

image

rotated

so

that

the

patient

’s

right

side

is

situated

to

the

reader

’s

right

side

shows

that

the

large

tumor

mass

arrowheads

is

covered

by

intact

mucosa

Note

the

significant

airway

obstruction

arrow

The

mass

arising

from

the

cricoid

cartilage

is

seen

at

the

bottom

of

the

image

E

epiglottis

F

false

vocal

cord

Histologic

analysis

revealed

lowgrade

chondrosarcoma


Figure 1 CMR findings in wet beriberi. End-diastolic (A) and endsystolic (B) frames from short axis cine imaging demonstrate global hypokinesis of the left ventricle. (C.) LGE image shows borderline hyperenhancement of the basal lateral wall (arrow). (D) T2 mapping demonstrates significantly elevated myocardial T2 values suggestive of diffuse edema.

Figure

CMR

findings

in

wet

beriberi

End

diastolic

A

and

endsystolic

B

frames

from

short

axis

cine

imaging

demonstrate

global

hypokinesis

of

the

left

ventricle

C.

LGE

image

shows

borderline

hyperenhancement

of

the

basal

lateral

wall

arrow

D

mapping

demonstrates

significantly

elevated

myocardial

values

suggestive

of

diffuse

edema


Figure 6. (A, B) Images acquired with computed tomography using a slice thickness between 0.8 and 1.0 mm in 2 patients with dissecting aneurysms treated with stent-grafts. The stent wires measured between 1.71 and 2.05 mm; the voxel size was 0.68×0.68×0.68 mm3 and 0.78×0.78×0.78 mm3, respectively.

Figure

A

B

Images

acquired

with

computed

tomography

using

a

slice

thickness

between

and

mm

in

patients

with

dissecting

aneurysms

treated

with

stent

grafts

The

stent

wires

measured

between

and

mm

the

voxel

size

was

and

respectively


FIGURE 1. Statistical parametric maps of the effect of body size (lean compared with obese subjects) on regional cerebral blood flow in response to the consumption of a meal at the level of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (peak voxel: x ҃ Ҁ34, y ҃ 58, z ҃ 14; P ҃ 0.00009). Horizontal (bottom), coronal (upper right), and sagittal (upper left) sections. Coordinates (x, y, and z) were from the Montreal Neurological Institute standard brain, such that x is the distance in millimeters to the right (ѿ) or left (-) of midline, y is the distance in millimeters anterior (ѿ) or posterior (-) to the anterior commissure, and z is the distance in millimeters superior (ѿ) or inferior (-) to a horizontal plane through the anterior and posterior commissures. The analysis was performed with the use of 2 ҂ 2 ANOVA in STATISTICAL PARAMETRIC MAPPING, version 99.

FIGURE

Statistical

parametric

maps

of

the

effect

of

body

size

lean

compared

with

obese

subjects

on

regional

cerebral

blood

flow

in

response

to

the

consumption

of

a

meal

at

the

level

of

the

left

dorsolateral

prefrontal

cortex

peak

voxel

x

y

z

P

Horizontal

bottom

coronal

upper

right

and

sagittal

upper

left

sections

Coordinates

x

y

and

z

were

from

the

Montreal

Neurological

Institute

standard

brain

such

that

x

is

the

distance

in

millimeters

to

the

right

ѿ

or

left

of

midline

y

is

the

distance

in

millimeters

anterior

ѿ

or

posterior

to

the

anterior

commissure

and

z

is

the

distance

in

millimeters

superior

ѿ

or

inferior

to

a

horizontal

plane

through

the

anterior

and

posterior

commissures

The

analysis

was

performed

with

the

use

of

ANOVA

in

STATISTICAL

PARAMETRIC

MAPPING

version


Fig. 8 (a) Axial MDCT image shows the fracture extending through the foramen transversarium (white arrow). (b) Coronal CT angiogram MIP image demonstrates sudden cutoff of the left vertebral artery consistent with dissection (black arrow), which is also seen on the axial T2-weighted image (c) as loss of flow void (white arrow)

Fig

a

Axial

MDCT

image

shows

the

fracture

extending

through

the

foramen

transversarium

white

arrow

b

Coronal

CT

angiogram

MIP

image

demonstrates

sudden

cutoff

of

the

left

vertebral

artery

consistent

with

dissection

black

arrow

which

is

also

seen

on

the

axial

image

c

as

loss

of

flow

void

white

arrow