Fig. 1. A : Initial brain CT scans showed thick crescent low density lesions in left fronto-temporo-parietal regions with midline shift. B : Follow-up CT scan 1 month later showed a decreased amount of subdural hematoma. C and D : Follow-up CT scan 2 and 3 months later showed gradual resolution of the hematoma. E : Follow-up CT scan 5 months later showed disappearance of the hematoma. E

Fig

A

Initial

brain

CT

scans

showed

thick

crescent

low

density

lesions

in

left

fronto

temporo

parietal

regions

with

midline

shift

B

Follow

up

CT

scan

month

later

showed

a

decreased

amount

of

subdural

hematoma

C

and

D

Follow

up

CT

scan

and

months

later

showed

gradual

resolution

of

the

hematoma

E

Follow

up

CT

scan

months

later

showed

disappearance

of

the

hematoma

E


Figure 9: A 41-year-old woman presented 3 wk after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with right upper abdominal pain and hemobilia. A: Computed axial tomography scan: round mass within the gallbladder fossa that shows contrast filling at the arterial phase (arrow), and dilatation of the bile duct (arrowhead); B: Selective hepatic arteriogram demonstrating pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery stump; C: Coil embolization of the aneurysmal sac across the neck using the packing technique through a microcatheter; D: Control angiography showing complete occlusion of the false aneurysm and preservation of the main and distal hepatic artery.

Figure

A

old

woman

presented

wk

after

laparoscopic

cholecystectomy

with

right

upper

abdominal

pain

and

hemobilia

A

Computed

axial

tomography

scan

round

mass

within

the

gallbladder

fossa

that

shows

contrast

filling

at

the

arterial

phase

arrow

and

dilatation

of

the

bile

duct

arrowhead

B

Selective

hepatic

arteriogram

demonstrating

pseudoaneurysm

of

the

cystic

artery

stump

C

Coil

embolization

of

the

aneurysmal

sac

across

the

neck

using

the

packing

technique

through

a

microcatheter

D

Control

angiography

showing

complete

occlusion

of

the

false

aneurysm

and

preservation

of

the

main

and

distal

hepatic

artery


Fig. 1 Images of Contrast-MRV (a-c), 3D-CTV (d-f), axial CTV (g-h) and 3D-CTV with bone remodeling (i-k) in case 1. The red asterisk represents styloid process, the red triangle represents internal jugular vein and the red arrow indicates the focal stenosis

Fig

Images

of

Contrast

MRV

a

c

CTV

d

f

axial

CTV

g

h

and

CTV

with

bone

remodeling

i

k

in

case

The

red

asterisk

represents

styloid

process

the

red

triangle

represents

internal

jugular

vein

and

the

red

arrow

indicates

the

focal

stenosis


Fig. 3 – Coronal T1 postcontrast showing ventriculitis and brainstem leptomeningeal enhancement (yellow arrow and circle in [A]). Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery shows left pons and ependymal hyperintense signal along the perioccipital/temporal horns of the ventricles (B). Axial diffusion-weighted imaging showing diffusion restriction in the brainstem and along the occipital/temporal horns consistent with ventriculitis and meningitis (yellow arrows in [C]). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).

Fig

Coronal

postcontrast

showing

ventriculitis

and

brainstem

leptomeningeal

enhancement

yellow

arrow

and

circle

in

A

Axial

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

shows

left

pons

and

ependymal

hyperintense

signal

along

the

perioccipital

temporal

horns

of

the

ventricles

B

Axial

diffusion

weighted

imaging

showing

diffusion

restriction

in

the

brainstem

and

along

the

occipital

temporal

horns

consistent

with

ventriculitis

and

meningitis

yellow

arrows

in

C

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

color

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

this

article


Figure 5. Resection using the magnetic anchor. (a) The mucosa is pulled to create sufficient space to show the line of resection. (b) The resection is performed using an electric knife through an endoscope. (c) The resection line can be clearly shown as a result of traction by the magnetic anchor. (d) The traction of the magnetic anchor is sufficient to allow the mucosal flap to be turned over. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article-abstract/34/3/118/819526 by guest on 10 April 2019

Figure

Resection

using

the

magnetic

anchor

a

The

mucosa

is

pulled

to

create

sufficient

space

to

show

the

line

of

resection

b

The

resection

is

performed

using

an

electric

knife

through

an

endoscope

c

The

resection

line

can

be

clearly

shown

as

a

result

of

traction

by

the

magnetic

anchor

d

The

traction

of

the

magnetic

anchor

is

sufficient

to

allow

the

mucosal

flap

to

be

turned

over

Downloaded

from

by

guest

on

April


Fig. 1 Typical liver radiological appearance in a CT slice without (a) and with (b) contrast agent (portal venous)

Fig

Typical

liver

radiological

appearance

in

a

CT

slice

without

a

and

with

b

contrast

agent

portal

venous


Fig. 1. CT-Scan (a) and MRI (b) demonstrating tumor in the left and right ventricular cavity, respectively (arrows).

Fig

CT

Scan

a

and

MRI

b

demonstrating

tumor

in

the

left

and

right

ventricular

cavity

respectively

arrows


Fig. 2: The individual locations of regions of interest (ROIs; n = 111). Group map from (A) all individual ROIs, (B) sagittal, (C) transverse and (D) coronal. The centre of individual ROIs is displayed in grey for the neurofeedback group and white for the control group. The averaged centre of all ROIs is shown as a large white circle (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: x, y, z = –2, 26, 1).

Fig

The

individual

locations

of

regions

of

interest

ROIs

n

Group

map

from

A

all

individual

ROIs

B

sagittal

C

transverse

and

D

coronal

The

centre

of

individual

ROIs

is

displayed

in

grey

for

the

neurofeedback

group

and

white

for

the

control

group

The

averaged

centre

of

all

ROIs

is

shown

as

a

large

white

circle

Montreal

Neurological

Institute

coordinates

x

y

z


Figure 3 Case 4: T1 (A) and T2 (B) weighted spin echo axial magnetic resonance imaging at presentation, and T2 sequences at three months after presentation (C and D). Nodules of silicone are seen (large arrows), as are less well defined foci (arrowheads). Note that on the T2 sequences (and on short tau inversion recovery sequences [not pictured]), both the oedematous surrounding fat and the silicone, as well as the testes (asterisks), are of high signal, the silicone being most intense. On the T1 sequence, all of these components are of intermediate signal. However, a chemical shift artefact (seen best around the nodule indicated by the large arrows) is produced by the different resonant frequencies of the silicone and oedematous fat, resulting in an artefactually bright left border and dark right border to the silicone. At three months, most of the large lobules of silicone have been removed or have diffused but several small nodules are still visible (large arrows). Reactive oedema, thickening and induration (small arrows) remain in the scrotal skin.

Figure

Case

A

and

B

weighted

spin

echo

axial

magnetic

resonance

imaging

at

presentation

and

sequences

at

three

months

after

presentation

C

and

D

Nodules

of

silicone

are

seen

large

arrows

as

are

less

well

defined

foci

arrowheads

Note

that

on

the

sequences

and

on

short

tau

inversion

recovery

sequences

not

pictured

both

the

oedematous

surrounding

fat

and

the

silicone

as

well

as

the

testes

asterisks

are

of

high

signal

the

silicone

being

most

intense

On

the

sequence

all

of

these

components

are

of

intermediate

signal

However

a

chemical

shift

artefact

seen

best

around

the

nodule

indicated

by

the

large

arrows

is

produced

by

the

different

resonant

frequencies

of

the

silicone

and

oedematous

fat

resulting

in

an

artefactually

bright

left

border

and

dark

right

border

to

the

silicone

At

three

months

most

of

the

large

lobules

of

silicone

have

been

removed

or

have

diffused

but

several

small

nodules

are

still

visible

large

arrows

Reactive

oedema

thickening

and

induration

small

arrows

remain

in

the

scrotal

skin


Fig. 1. A: Chest radiograph at initial presentation. The presence of a large right pneumothorax is identified (arrows). B: Axial image from the patient’s chest computed tomography at presentation. Two cavitary lesions consistent with his Aspergillus pneumonia are present within the right lung parenchyma.

Fig

A

Chest

radiograph

at

initial

presentation

The

presence

of

a

large

right

pneumothorax

is

identified

arrows

B

Axial

image

from

the

patient

’s

chest

computed

tomography

at

presentation

Two

cavitary

lesions

consistent

with

his

Aspergillus

pneumonia

are

present

within

the

right

lung

parenchyma


Figure 2 (A) Apical-long-axis view, angled posteriorly showing the extent of tumour. (B) Subcostal coronal view showing the tumour and small pericardial effusion. (C ) Parasternal short axis view showing the septal involvement and lack of line of demarcation between normal myocardium and tumour. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.

Figure

A

Apical

long

axis

view

angled

posteriorly

showing

the

extent

of

tumour

B

Subcostal

coronal

view

showing

the

tumour

and

small

pericardial

effusion

C

Parasternal

short

axis

view

showing

the

septal

involvement

and

lack

of

line

of

demarcation

between

normal

myocardium

and

tumour

LA

left

atrium

LV

left

ventricle

RV

right

ventricle


Fig. 3. Grades of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). (A) A duct involved by PanIN2 shows pseudostratification of nuclei with mild to mo derate cytologic abnormalities. (B) In PanIN3, budding of cellular tufts into the duct lumen and moderate to severe nuclear atypia are noted.

Fig

Grades

of

pancreatic

intraepithelial

neoplasia

PanIN

A

A

duct

involved

by

shows

pseudostratification

of

nuclei

with

mild

to

mo

derate

cytologic

abnormalities

B

In

budding

of

cellular

tufts

into

the

duct

lumen

and

moderate

to

severe

nuclear

atypia

are

noted


Figure 3: Case 1 – CBCT. Axial image (a). Sagittal reformatted images (2 adjacent slices) (b). Note an expansile radiolucent lesion at the dorsal phalangeal cortex with sclerotic borders (arrows in a). The smaller intramedullary and a larger exophytic components of the lesion are clearly depicted. The cortex is thinned and partially destructed with overhanging edges (arrowheads in b).

Figure

Case

CBCT

Axial

image

a

Sagittal

reformatted

images

adjacent

slices

b

Note

an

expansile

radiolucent

lesion

at

the

dorsal

phalangeal

cortex

with

sclerotic

borders

arrows

in

a

The

smaller

intramedullary

and

a

larger

exophytic

components

of

the

lesion

are

clearly

depicted

The

cortex

is

thinned

and

partially

destructed

with

overhanging

edges

arrowheads

in

b


Fig. 3. Malignant transformation to HCC. HCCs of small (0.2-0.5 cm) (A,A 0 ), intermediate (B), or large (>2.5 cm) (C) size. Scale bar 5 1 cm. Histology of livers containing premalignant nodules (D) or mHCC tissue (E,F). Scale bars 5 (D,E) 100 lm, (F) 50 lm. Hyperproliferative nodules are composed of small, basophilic hepatocytes showing a microtrabecular growth (D, left), express the SRF target gene Egr1 (D, middle), and the polarization marker DPP IV (D, right). HCC tissue characterized by nuclear and architectural atypia in the form of pseudoglandular (black arrowhead) and irregular solid-trabecular growth patterns (red arrowhead) (E, left; F, left). Nuclear Egr1 expression is high throughout the tumor (E, middle; F, middle), residual DPP IV expression is restricted to luminal membranes of pseudoglands (E, right; F, right).

Fig

Malignant

transformation

to

HCC

HCCs

of

small

cm

A

A

intermediate

B

or

large

cm

C

size

Scale

bar

cm

Histology

of

livers

containing

premalignant

nodules

D

or

mHCC

tissue

E

F

Scale

bars

D

E

lm

F

lm

Hyperproliferative

nodules

are

composed

of

small

basophilic

hepatocytes

showing

a

microtrabecular

growth

D

left

express

the

SRF

target

gene

D

middle

and

the

polarization

marker

DPP

IV

D

right

HCC

tissue

characterized

by

nuclear

and

architectural

atypia

in

the

form

of

pseudoglandular

black

arrowhead

and

irregular

solid

trabecular

growth

patterns

red

arrowhead

E

left

F

left

Nuclear

expression

is

high

throughout

the

tumor

E

middle

F

middle

residual

DPP

IV

expression

is

restricted

to

luminal

membranes

of

pseudoglands

E

right

F

right


FIGURE 2. Total summed images (02120 min) of 11 C-dLop at baseline (A) and after P-gp blockade (B). At baseline, all regions of brain except pituitary (A, arrow) had low uptake. (C) MR image coregistered with P-gpblocked image of same monkey. (D) 15 O-H 2 O scan of same monkey showing blood-flow pattern similar to that after injection of 11 C-dLop in B.

FIGURE

Total

summed

images

min

of

C

dLop

at

baseline

A

and

after

P

gp

blockade

B

At

baseline

all

regions

of

brain

except

pituitary

A

arrow

had

low

uptake

C

MR

image

coregistered

with

P

gpblocked

image

of

same

monkey

D

O

H

O

scan

of

same

monkey

showing

blood

flow

pattern

similar

to

that

after

injection

of

C

dLop

in

B.


Fig. 7. (A) Axial computed tomographic image demonstrating vertebral body destruction and replacement by tumor; (B) axial magnetic resonance image demonstrating tumor (T) compression of the spinal cord; (C) sagittal computed tomographic image demonstrating collapse and rotation of the fifth thoracic vertebrae with spinal cord compression; and (D) a mass (T) replacing the left lobe of the thyroid gland.

Fig

A

Axial

computed

tomographic

image

demonstrating

vertebral

body

destruction

and

replacement

by

tumor

B

axial

magnetic

resonance

image

demonstrating

tumor

T

compression

of

the

spinal

cord

C

sagittal

computed

tomographic

image

demonstrating

collapse

and

rotation

of

the

fifth

thoracic

vertebrae

with

spinal

cord

compression

and

D

a

mass

T

replacing

the

left

lobe

of

the

thyroid

gland


Fig. 1 Primary tumor and pulmonary embolism. a Coronal chest MRI of a 36-year-old female with a recurrent right upper extremity myxofibrosarcoma. b Chest computed tomography of pulmonary artery saddle embolism (arrow)

Fig

Primary

tumor

and

pulmonary

embolism

a

Coronal

chest

MRI

of

a

old

female

with

a

recurrent

right

upper

extremity

myxofibrosarcoma

b

Chest

computed

tomography

of

pulmonary

artery

saddle

embolism

arrow


Fig. 5. Micro-CT images showing a transverse section of the osteochondral defect in a medial femoral condyle (A), sections of a 6 week Both sample in the cortical (B) and trabecular (C) region, and sections of a 12 week BMP-2 sample in the cortical (D) and trabecular (E) region. (A) also demonstrates the two volumes of interest used, cartilage and cortical (C&C) and trabecular, when analyzing the subchondral bone. (scale bar: 3 mm)

Fig

Micro

CT

images

showing

a

transverse

section

of

the

osteochondral

defect

in

a

medial

femoral

condyle

A

sections

of

a

week

Both

sample

in

the

cortical

B

and

trabecular

C

region

and

sections

of

a

week

sample

in

the

cortical

D

and

trabecular

E

region

A

also

demonstrates

the

two

volumes

of

interest

used

cartilage

and

cortical

C&C

and

trabecular

when

analyzing

the

subchondral

bone

scale

bar

mm


Figure 1 Computed tomography features and histological characteristics of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors in the lung. (a, b) Contrast-enhanced computed tomography thorax-axial and coronal section showing a mass in the right lower lobe. (c) Gross pathological examination shows a mass >4 cm. (d) The tumor does not have a fibrous capsule and presents with a solid cellular growth pattern. (e) Abundant stroma with thin walled blood vessels. (f) The tumor is predominantly composed of spindle and histiocytoid shaped cells. (g) Perivascular epithelial cells are arranged around the vessels. (h) Hyaline degeneration. (i) Calcification is another characteristic of the tumor (hematoxylin & eosin, original magnification ×200).

Figure

Computed

tomography

features

and

histological

characteristics

of

perivascular

epithelioid

cell

tumors

in

the

lung

a

b

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

thorax

axial

and

coronal

section

showing

a

mass

in

the

right

lower

lobe

c

Gross

pathological

examination

shows

a

mass

cm

d

The

tumor

does

not

have

a

fibrous

capsule

and

presents

with

a

solid

cellular

growth

pattern

e

Abundant

stroma

with

thin

walled

blood

vessels

f

The

tumor

is

predominantly

composed

of

spindle

and

histiocytoid

shaped

cells

g

Perivascular

epithelial

cells

are

arranged

around

the

vessels

h

Hyaline

degeneration

i

Calcification

is

another

characteristic

of

the

tumor

hematoxylin

eosin

original

magnification


Fig. 1 Multimodality imaging of the relapse left ventricular diverticulum (D). a. Chest x-ray film shows cardiomegaly. b. Transthoracic echocardiography shows a saccular structure (D) localized between the left atrium (LA) and the aortic root (AO), communicating with the left ventricle (LV) through a 13 mm wide neck

Fig

Multimodality

imaging

of

the

relapse

left

ventricular

diverticulum

D

a.

Chest

x

ray

film

shows

cardiomegaly

b.

Transthoracic

echocardiography

shows

a

saccular

structure

D

localized

between

the

left

atrium

LA

and

the

aortic

root

AO

communicating

with

the

left

ventricle

LV

through

a

mm

wide

neck


Fig. 2 Postoperative lateral X-ray. a Radiographic imaging immediately after surgery. b Radiographic imaging 1 year after surgery shows solid fusion and healing

Fig

Postoperative

lateral

X

ray

a

Radiographic

imaging

immediately

after

surgery

b

Radiographic

imaging

year

after

surgery

shows

solid

fusion

and

healing


Figure 1 Examples of the visual rating scale for the anterior temporal lobe (temporal pole) on MR coronal images displayed conventionally with the letter on the right (as shown by arrow). This scale rates 0=normal; 1=minimal atrophy; 2=moderate atrophy; and 3=severe atrophy; (A) rating the CSF space between the sphenoid wing and the temporal cortex, this scan was rated 0 bilaterally, (B) this scan was rated 1 bilaterally, (C) this scan was rated 2 on the right and 3 on the left.

Figure

Examples

of

the

visual

rating

scale

for

the

anterior

temporal

lobe

temporal

pole

on

MR

coronal

images

displayed

conventionally

with

the

letter

on

the

right

as

shown

by

arrow

This

scale

rates

normal

minimal

atrophy

moderate

atrophy

and

severe

atrophy

A

rating

the

CSF

space

between

the

sphenoid

wing

and

the

temporal

cortex

this

scan

was

rated

bilaterally

B

this

scan

was

rated

bilaterally

C

this

scan

was

rated

on

the

right

and

on

the

left


Figure 1. Scan images of a 67-year-old male patient with pretreated adenocarcinoma (39x23 mm) in the right middle lobe of the lung. An 18 F-FLT PET/CT scan was performed 3 days after an 18 F-FDG scan. (A) 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan image. (B) 18 F-FLT PET/CT scan image. (C) CT scan providing additional anatomical information. (D) Enlarged 18 F-FDG scan image of the area indicated by the arrow. (E) Enlarged 18 F-FLT scan image of the area indicated by the arrow. (F) Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated lung adenocarcinoma. PET/CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography; 18 F-FLT, 3'-deoxy-3'-[ 18 F] fluorothymidine; 18 F-FDG, [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose; R, right.

Figure

Scan

images

of

a

old

male

patient

with

pretreated

adenocarcinoma

mm

in

the

right

middle

lobe

of

the

lung

An

F

FLT

PET

CT

scan

was

performed

days

after

an

F

FDG

scan

A

F

FDG

PET

CT

scan

image

B

F

FLT

PET

CT

scan

image

C

CT

scan

providing

additional

anatomical

information

D

Enlarged

F

FDG

scan

image

of

the

area

indicated

by

the

arrow

E

Enlarged

F

FLT

scan

image

of

the

area

indicated

by

the

arrow

F

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

staining

indicated

lung

adenocarcinoma

PET

CT

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

F

FLT

F

fluorothymidine

F

FDG

F

fluorodeoxyglucose

R

right


Figure 2 - A transesophageal echocardiogram reveals a right para-cardiac mass apparently not infiltrating the cardiac wall (Panel A, yellow arrows); the computed tomography scan confirms the anatomical position of the mass (Panel B, yellow arrows) and its spatial relationship with the right coronary artery (Panel B, red arrows).

Figure

A

transesophageal

echocardiogram

reveals

a

right

para

cardiac

mass

apparently

not

infiltrating

the

cardiac

wall

Panel

A

yellow

arrows

the

computed

tomography

scan

confirms

the

anatomical

position

of

the

mass

Panel

B

yellow

arrows

and

its

spatial

relationship

with

the

right

coronary

artery

Panel

B

red

arrows


Figure 2: Preoperative axial (a), sagittal (b) and coronal (c), T1-weighted MRI scan with Gd-DTPA showing a large fourth ventricle tumor extend into the lateral recess. Postoperative axial (d), sagittal (e) and coronal (f), T1-weighted MRI scan with Gd-DTPA demonstrating total resection d

Figure

Preoperative

axial

a

sagittal

b

and

coronal

c

MRI

scan

with

Gd

DTPA

showing

a

large

fourth

ventricle

tumor

extend

into

the

lateral

recess

Postoperative

axial

d

sagittal

e

and

coronal

f

MRI

scan

with

Gd

DTPA

demonstrating

total

resection

d


Figure 1 (A) Immunostaining of normal lung parenchyma and lung cancer tissue on paraffin-embedded sections using an antiSkp2 monoclonal antibody (2C8D9, Zymed). (a) Absence of immunostaining in the columnar epithelium lining a normal bronchial structure (o1% of positive cells). (b) Negative immunostaining (class 0) in a typical carcinoid. (c and d) Strong positive nuclear immunostaining (class 2) on (c) most or (d) 50% of tumor cells in SCLCs. (e) Weak nuclear immunostaining (class 1) in a squamous cell carcinoma. (f) Negative immunostaining (class 0) in an adenocarcinoma. (B) Mean scores7standard deviation of Skp2 protein expression according to the histological subtypes.

Figure

A

Immunostaining

of

normal

lung

parenchyma

and

lung

cancer

tissue

on

paraffin

embedded

sections

using

an

monoclonal

antibody

Zymed

a

Absence

of

immunostaining

in

the

columnar

epithelium

lining

a

normal

bronchial

structure

of

positive

cells

b

Negative

immunostaining

class

in

a

typical

carcinoid

c

and

d

Strong

positive

nuclear

immunostaining

class

on

c

most

or

d

of

tumor

cells

in

SCLCs

e

Weak

nuclear

immunostaining

class

in

a

squamous

cell

carcinoma

f

Negative

immunostaining

class

in

an

adenocarcinoma

B

Mean

deviation

of

protein

expression

according

to

the

histological

subtypes


FIGURE 3. Comparison of 18 F-fluorocholine (FCH) and 18 F-NaF images in high-risk prostate cancer patient after hormone therapy. 18 FNaF PET image shows significantly increased tracer uptake on thoracic spine (upper row left, arrow) corresponding to highly suspicious, densely sclerotic lesion on CT (upper and lower rows right, arrow). 18 F-fluorocholine shows only faint uptake on sclerotic lesion (lower row left, arrow).

FIGURE

Comparison

of

F

fluorocholine

FCH

and

F

NaF

images

in

high

risk

prostate

cancer

patient

after

hormone

therapy

FNaF

PET

image

shows

significantly

increased

tracer

uptake

on

thoracic

spine

upper

row

left

arrow

corresponding

to

highly

suspicious

densely

sclerotic

lesion

on

CT

upper

and

lower

rows

right

arrow

F

fluorocholine

shows

only

faint

uptake

on

sclerotic

lesion

lower

row

left

arrow


Fig. 2 Metatarsophalangeal joint arthropathy. Sagittal computed tomography reformations through the second metatarsal of a control subject with no arthropathy (left) and an individual with diabetes (right). Note the extended and subluxated metatarsophalangeal joint and lysis of the metatarsal head in the diabetic foot.

Fig

Metatarsophalangeal

joint

arthropathy

Sagittal

computed

tomography

reformations

through

the

second

metatarsal

of

a

control

subject

with

no

arthropathy

left

and

an

individual

with

diabetes

right

Note

the

extended

and

subluxated

metatarsophalangeal

joint

and

lysis

of

the

metatarsal

head

in

the

diabetic

foot


Fig. 7. (A, B) Magnetic resonance imaging of patient 10 before and after surgery.

Fig

A

B

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

patient

before

and

after

surgery


Fig. 1. Changes in nuclear (A-E) and dense granule (F-J) morphology of C. parvum sporozoites following gamma irradiation. (A, F) non-irradiated control; (B, G) 1 kGy; (C, H) 5 kGy; (D, I) 10 kGy; (E, J) 25 kGy. Bar = 0.2 μm. Asterisk in A; plastid-like organelle. Arrowheads; dense granules.

Fig

Changes

in

nuclear

A

E

and

dense

granule

F

J

morphology

of

C.

parvum

sporozoites

following

gamma

irradiation

A

F

non

irradiated

control

B

G

kGy

C

H

kGy

D

I

kGy

E

J

kGy

Bar

μm

Asterisk

in

A

plastid

like

organelle

Arrowheads

dense

granules


Fig. 5. Tooth morphology of thymosin β β β β β4 over-expressing mice. The teeth of the transgenic mice were blunter due to significant fragility and they appeared chalky in color, indicating enamel hypoplasia (A,B). X-ray photography shows that the teeth from the transgenic mice have dull incisors compared to the teeth of wild type mice (C,D,E,F).

Fig

Tooth

morphology

of

thymosin

β

β

β

β

β4

over

expressing

mice

The

teeth

of

the

transgenic

mice

were

blunter

due

to

significant

fragility

and

they

appeared

chalky

in

color

indicating

enamel

hypoplasia

A

B

X

ray

photography

shows

that

the

teeth

from

the

transgenic

mice

have

dull

incisors

compared

to

the

teeth

of

wild

type

mice

C

D

E

F


Fig. 5. Detection of phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 proteins (pSMAD) on tissue sections. The brown precipitate reveals pSMAD-positive nuclei. All sections are counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (light blue fluorescence) to reveal nuclei lacking pSMADs. All sections are sagittal along the primary embryonic axis with ventral to the left and dorsal to the right. Sections shown are representative of the results obtained by analysing serial sections of at least three embryos per genotype. (A,C,E) Wild-type mouse embryos at E11.0 (40 somites; A); E11.25 (47 somites; C) and E11.5 (50 somites, enlargement of tip region; E). (B,D,F) Grem1-deficient embryos at E11.0 (42 somites; B) and E11.25 (48 somites; D), an enlargement of the ureteric bud area in D is shown in F. The area within the red dashed line contains many picnotic nuclei indicative of the onset of cellular apoptosis (D,F). cm, condensing metanephric mesenchyme; mm, metanephric mesenchyme; sm, stromal mesenchyme; ub, ureteric bud; ue, ureteric epithelium (first branch); us, ureteric stalk; wd, Wolffian duct.

Fig

Detection

of

phosphorylated

proteins

pSMAD

on

tissue

sections

The

brown

precipitate

reveals

pSMAD

positive

nuclei

All

sections

are

counterstained

with

Hoechst

light

blue

fluorescence

to

reveal

nuclei

lacking

pSMADs

All

sections

are

sagittal

along

the

primary

embryonic

axis

with

ventral

to

the

left

and

dorsal

to

the

right

Sections

shown

are

representative

of

the

results

obtained

by

analysing

serial

sections

of

at

least

three

embryos

per

genotype

A

C

E

Wild

type

mouse

embryos

at

somites

A

somites

C

and

somites

enlargement

of

tip

region

E

B

D

F

embryos

at

somites

B

and

somites

D

an

enlargement

of

the

ureteric

bud

area

in

D

is

shown

in

F.

The

area

within

the

red

dashed

line

contains

many

picnotic

nuclei

indicative

of

the

onset

of

cellular

apoptosis

D

F

cm

condensing

metanephric

mesenchyme

mm

metanephric

mesenchyme

sm

stromal

mesenchyme

ub

ureteric

bud

ue

ureteric

epithelium

first

branch

us

ureteric

stalk

wd

Wolffian

duct


Figure 1: 87 year old male with Crowned Dens Syndrome. Axial images of the cervical spine at the level of the dens, in bone (a) and soft tissue (b) windows, demonstrate erosion and posterior remodeling of the dens (dashed arrows) with a peripherally calcified soft tissue mass in a "halo or crown-like" appearance (solid arrows). Protocol: Siemens CT, mAs 376, KV 120, 3 mm slice thickness, without contrast.

Figure

year

old

male

with

Crowned

Dens

Syndrome

Axial

images

of

the

cervical

spine

at

the

level

of

the

dens

in

bone

a

and

soft

tissue

b

windows

demonstrate

erosion

and

posterior

remodeling

of

the

dens

dashed

arrows

with

a

peripherally

calcified

soft

tissue

mass

in

a

halo

or

crown

like

appearance

solid

arrows

Protocol

Siemens

CT

mAs

KV

mm

slice

thickness

without

contrast


Fig. 7. Endoscopic views of the extent of sellar opening. The sellar floor is opened from cavernous sinus to cavernous sinus and from the planum sphenoidale to the clivus. A small ledge of bone is left intact bilaterally. This allows a graft to be placed at the end of the operation to reconstruct the sellar floor. Left: Example of a sellar opening prior to resection of an intrasellar microadenoma. Note the excellent view of the intrasphenoidal anatomy. Right: Example of the sellar opening prior to resection of a macroadenoma with suprasellar extension. Note the disruption of the normal sphenoidal anatomy. PG = pituitary gland.

Fig

Endoscopic

views

of

the

extent

of

sellar

opening

The

sellar

floor

is

opened

from

cavernous

sinus

to

cavernous

sinus

and

from

the

planum

sphenoidale

to

the

clivus

A

small

ledge

of

bone

is

left

intact

bilaterally

This

allows

a

graft

to

be

placed

at

the

end

of

the

operation

to

reconstruct

the

sellar

floor

Left

Example

of

a

sellar

opening

prior

to

resection

of

an

intrasellar

microadenoma

Note

the

excellent

view

of

the

intrasphenoidal

anatomy

Right

Example

of

the

sellar

opening

prior

to

resection

of

a

macroadenoma

with

suprasellar

extension

Note

the

disruption

of

the

normal

sphenoidal

anatomy

PG

pituitary

gland


Fig. 1. (A) Cervical T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed serpentine vascular signal void (white arrow) at the C1-T1 region and diffuse edema in the spinal cord at C1-C4. (B) Abnormal perimedullary vascular enhancement (white arrow) noted on contrast enhanced MRI.

Fig

A

Cervical

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

showed

serpentine

vascular

signal

void

white

arrow

at

the

region

and

diffuse

edema

in

the

spinal

cord

at

B

Abnormal

perimedullary

vascular

enhancement

white

arrow

noted

on

contrast

enhanced

MRI


FIG. 2. a-d. In SCC, expression of 21 is shown as nuclear staining with a diffuse pattern of the lesion (X100) (a), in KA, expression of 21 is shown as nuclear staining in peripheral basal and suprabasal cells of the lesion (X100) (b), in SCC, expression of p27 is shown as nuclear staining with a diffuse pattern of the lesion (X100) (c), in KA, expression of 27 is shown as nuclear staining of the peripheral basal and supra-basal cells of the lesion (X200) (d).

FIG

a

d

In

SCC

expression

of

is

shown

as

nuclear

staining

with

a

diffuse

pattern

of

the

lesion

a

in

KA

expression

of

is

shown

as

nuclear

staining

in

peripheral

basal

and

suprabasal

cells

of

the

lesion

b

in

SCC

expression

of

is

shown

as

nuclear

staining

with

a

diffuse

pattern

of

the

lesion

c

in

KA

expression

of

is

shown

as

nuclear

staining

of

the

peripheral

basal

and

supra

basal

cells

of

the

lesion

d


Figure 1 (A) Retinography, (B) autofluorescence (AF), (C) microperimetry, (D) optical coherence tomography (OCT), (E) multifocal electroretinogram (ERG), (F) standard ERG of the right eye of patient p3, (G) retinography, (H) AF, (I) microperimetry, (L) OCT, (M) multifocal ERG, (N) standard ERG of the right eye of patient p9.

Figure

A

Retinography

B

autofluorescence

AF

C

microperimetry

D

optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

E

multifocal

electroretinogram

ERG

F

standard

ERG

of

the

right

eye

of

patient

G

retinography

H

AF

I

microperimetry

L

OCT

M

multifocal

ERG

N

standard

ERG

of

the

right

eye

of

patient


Figure 2. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan of the patient. (A) Abnormal uptake in hilar lymph nodes and bone marrow. (B) Abnormal uptake in skin.

Figure

Positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

scan

of

the

patient

A

Abnormal

uptake

in

hilar

lymph

nodes

and

bone

marrow

B

Abnormal

uptake

in

skin


Figure 1 Examination results on admission. (a) Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET)-CT scan showing a right superior lobe mass and metastases in mediastinal nodal stations. (b) Bronchoscopy demonstrating luminal narrowing of the upper bronchus of the right upper lobe. (c) PET-CT scan showing multiple metastases in the bilateral lung. (d) Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating metastases in the pelvic bone. (e) Bronchoscopic biopsy specimen showing adenocarcinoma. (f) Immunohistochemistry revealed that the bronchoscopic biopsy specimen expressed thyroid transcription factor-1.

Figure

Examination

results

on

admission

a

Positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

PET)-CT

scan

showing

a

right

superior

lobe

mass

and

metastases

in

mediastinal

nodal

stations

b

Bronchoscopy

demonstrating

luminal

narrowing

of

the

upper

bronchus

of

the

right

upper

lobe

c

PET

CT

scan

showing

multiple

metastases

in

the

bilateral

lung

d

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

demonstrating

metastases

in

the

pelvic

bone

e

Bronchoscopic

biopsy

specimen

showing

adenocarcinoma

f

Immunohistochemistry

revealed

that

the

bronchoscopic

biopsy

specimen

expressed

thyroid

transcription


FIGURE 3 Human skin morphology. Optical coronal sections of adult skin sample stained with CG5N allow us to identify different strata of the epidermis in living samples. (A) 0 mm, stratum corneum. (B) 40 mm, stratum granulosum. (C) 60 mm, stratum spinosum. (D) 80 mm, stratum basale. (E) 120 mm, dermis.

FIGURE

Human

skin

morphology

Optical

coronal

sections

of

adult

skin

sample

stained

with

allow

us

to

identify

different

strata

of

the

epidermis

in

living

samples

A

mm

stratum

corneum

B

mm

stratum

granulosum

C

mm

stratum

spinosum

D

mm

stratum

basale

E

mm

dermis


Fig. 7 Progressions of ACL healing. 1 (a) MRI images of ACL for patient before receiving treatment. (b) ACL at 5 months post-treatment (medium– low signal intensity). (c) ACL at 9 months post-treatment (low signal intensity). 2 (a) MRI image of ACL pre-treatment. (b) ACL at 3 months post-treatment (medium signal intensity). (c) ACL at 6 months after stem cell procedure (medium–low signal intensity). (d) ACL at 11 months post-treatment (low signal intensity)

Fig

Progressions

of

ACL

healing

a

MRI

images

of

ACL

for

patient

before

receiving

treatment

b

ACL

at

months

post

treatment

medium

low

signal

intensity

c

ACL

at

months

post

treatment

low

signal

intensity

a

MRI

image

of

ACL

pre

treatment

b

ACL

at

months

post

treatment

medium

signal

intensity

c

ACL

at

months

after

stem

cell

procedure

medium

low

signal

intensity

d

ACL

at

months

post

treatment

low

signal

intensity


Fig. 11 a, b Hyperdynamic haemangiomas seen on dynamic CT associated with an arterioportal fistula. a Plain image disclosing four hypodense focal lesions at the right liver lobe. b The arterial phase of the dynamic CT study reveals two haemangiomas with the usual flow pattern and two other flash-filling, causing adjacent perfusion abnormalities. Early opacification of a segmental branch of the portal vein (arrow in b) can be recognised due to an associated arterio-portal fistula. An incidental liver cyst is seen at segment IV

Fig

a

b

Hyperdynamic

haemangiomas

seen

on

dynamic

CT

associated

with

an

arterioportal

fistula

a

Plain

image

disclosing

four

hypodense

focal

lesions

at

the

right

liver

lobe

b

The

arterial

phase

of

the

dynamic

CT

study

reveals

two

haemangiomas

with

the

usual

flow

pattern

and

two

other

flash

filling

causing

adjacent

perfusion

abnormalities

Early

opacification

of

a

segmental

branch

of

the

portal

vein

arrow

in

b

can

be

recognised

due

to

an

associated

arterio

portal

fistula

An

incidental

liver

cyst

is

seen

at

segment

IV


Fig. 1 Common acquired melanocyt nevus, junctional nevus located on the back. a On dermoscopy, a wide irregular (atypical) pigment network (reticular pattern) can be observed. b Routine histopathology shows disarrangement of the rete ridges. Elongated and parallel oriented epidermal cristae are observed at the periphery of the lesion. Pigmented keratinocytes and transepidermal melanin loss is noticed. c The cross-sectional (cross-sectional) HD-OCT imaging demonstrates the pigmented rete ridges and bridging nests of melanocytic nests within the epidermis and papillary dermis as displayed in routine histopathology. d-e On the basic RCM images (Z = 30 lm left and Z = 72 lm right), a meshwork pattern is displayed with nonedged papillae. The dark dermal papillae are irregular in size and shape. No atypical cells are observed in these irregular junctional thickenings. Some compact, monomorphic dense nests are present. f-g On the corresponding en face HD-OCT images (Z = 25 lm and Z = 75 lm), the same features are seen despite the lower resolution. Z value = distance in lm from surface to focus location. Red square in HD-OCT image = corresponding field of view of RCM. On the HD-OCT en face images the border of a 2-mm diameter open plastic ring can be observed (yellow arrow)

Fig

Common

acquired

melanocyt

nevus

junctional

nevus

located

on

the

back

a

On

dermoscopy

a

wide

irregular

atypical

pigment

network

reticular

pattern

can

be

observed

b

Routine

histopathology

shows

disarrangement

of

the

rete

ridges

Elongated

and

parallel

oriented

epidermal

cristae

are

observed

at

the

periphery

of

the

lesion

Pigmented

keratinocytes

and

transepidermal

melanin

loss

is

noticed

c

The

cross

sectional

cross

sectional

HD

OCT

imaging

demonstrates

the

pigmented

rete

ridges

and

bridging

nests

of

melanocytic

nests

within

the

epidermis

and

papillary

dermis

as

displayed

in

routine

histopathology

d

e

On

the

basic

RCM

images

Z

lm

left

and

Z

lm

right

a

meshwork

pattern

is

displayed

with

nonedged

papillae

The

dark

dermal

papillae

are

irregular

in

size

and

shape

No

atypical

cells

are

observed

in

these

irregular

junctional

thickenings

Some

compact

monomorphic

dense

nests

are

present

f

g

On

the

corresponding

en

face

HD

OCT

images

Z

lm

and

Z

lm

the

same

features

are

seen

despite

the

lower

resolution

Z

value

distance

in

lm

from

surface

to

focus

location

Red

square

in

HD

OCT

image

corresponding

field

of

view

of

RCM

On

the

HD

OCT

en

face

images

the

border

of

a

diameter

open

plastic

ring

can

be

observed

yellow

arrow


Fig. 1. FDG PET of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. (A) A typical matching case with hippocampal atrophy and hypometabolism in the left temporal lobe. (B) A case with ambiguous ictal EEG but with definite hypometabolism in the right temporal lobe. (C) An example of bilateral hippocampal atrophy on MRI but unilateral hypometabolism in the right temporal lobe. (D) A non-lesional cryptogenic case on MRI but with mild hypometabolism in the right temporal lobe. All of these 4 patients underwent operations and had surgical outcomes of Engel class 1.

Fig

FDG

PET

of

medial

temporal

lobe

epilepsy

A

A

typical

matching

case

with

hippocampal

atrophy

and

hypometabolism

in

the

left

temporal

lobe

B

A

case

with

ambiguous

ictal

EEG

but

with

definite

hypometabolism

in

the

right

temporal

lobe

C

An

example

of

bilateral

hippocampal

atrophy

on

MRI

but

unilateral

hypometabolism

in

the

right

temporal

lobe

D

A

non

lesional

cryptogenic

case

on

MRI

but

with

mild

hypometabolism

in

the

right

temporal

lobe

All

of

these

patients

underwent

operations

and

had

surgical

outcomes

of

Engel

class


Fig. 3 An example of optical imaging of cultured hippocampal neurons on the PDMS substrate and the CLEM procedure. (a–c) Bright field (a), fluorescence (b), and overlaid (c) images of cultured neurons expressing PSD95-EGFP on the PDMS substrate. Arrows indicate neuropils growing over the square bars. (d) Zoomed-in view of the boxed area in (c). Arrows indicate PSD95-EGFP puncta along the dendrite. (e) Sequential EM images taken by the CLEM software. Overlap between images is preset for montaging. (f) Montaged image of the sequential EM images. (g) Warped LM image to correlate the EM image (f) by the circled patterns in the EM (f) and LM (d) images. Scale bars: (a–c) 50 μm, (d–g) 10 μm.

Fig

An

example

of

optical

imaging

of

cultured

hippocampal

neurons

on

the

PDMS

substrate

and

the

CLEM

procedure

a

c

Bright

field

a

fluorescence

b

and

overlaid

c

images

of

cultured

neurons

expressing

on

the

PDMS

substrate

Arrows

indicate

neuropils

growing

over

the

square

bars

d

Zoomed

in

view

of

the

boxed

area

in

c

Arrows

indicate

puncta

along

the

dendrite

e

Sequential

EM

images

taken

by

the

CLEM

software

Overlap

between

images

is

preset

for

montaging

f

Montaged

image

of

the

sequential

EM

images

g

Warped

LM

image

to

correlate

the

EM

image

f

by

the

circled

patterns

in

the

EM

f

and

LM

d

images

Scale

bars

a

c

μm

d

g

μm


Fig. 4 The use of TeraVR in validating, correcting, and extending complex neuron reconstructions produced with Neurolucida. a-c Three examples of reconstructed neurons overlaid on the whole-mouse brain imaging data, from three different brains (brain no. 236174, 17545, 17300), respectively. Green: initial reconstructions produced using Neurolucida; magenta: recovered missing portion of reconstructions using TeraVR. d The length of neuron reconstructions produced for a-c, respectively

Fig

The

use

of

TeraVR

in

validating

correcting

and

extending

complex

neuron

reconstructions

produced

with

Neurolucida

a

c

Three

examples

of

reconstructed

neurons

overlaid

on

the

whole

mouse

brain

imaging

data

from

three

different

brains

brain

no

respectively

Green

initial

reconstructions

produced

using

Neurolucida

magenta

recovered

missing

portion

of

reconstructions

using

TeraVR

d

The

length

of

neuron

reconstructions

produced

for

a

c

respectively


Fig. 1 Histologically confirmed non-ossifying fibroma in a 14 year old child’s tibia. a A.p. X-ray of the right knee shows an eccentrically located metaphyseal osteolysis with marginal sclerotic demarcation without definable exterior cortical bone, b associated CT. c In MRI (T2) inhomogeneous marble-cake-like signal enhancement. d Progressed healing with increasing diaphyseal sclerotization.

Fig

Histologically

confirmed

non

ossifying

fibroma

in

a

year

old

child

’s

tibia

a

A.p

X

ray

of

the

right

knee

shows

an

eccentrically

located

metaphyseal

osteolysis

with

marginal

sclerotic

demarcation

without

definable

exterior

cortical

bone

b

associated

CT

c

In

MRI

inhomogeneous

marble

cake

like

signal

enhancement

d

Progressed

healing

with

increasing

diaphyseal

sclerotization


Figure 8 Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a 27-year-old patient. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography, axial (A, B) and coronal (C) images. Numerous nodules and cystic lesion are seen in the bilateral lungs as well as a large lobulated mass partially obstructing the distal trachea (arrows).

Figure

Recurrent

respiratory

papillomatosis

in

a

old

patient

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

axial

A

B

and

coronal

C

images

Numerous

nodules

and

cystic

lesion

are

seen

in

the

bilateral

lungs

as

well

as

a

large

lobulated

mass

partially

obstructing

the

distal

trachea

arrows


Fig. 1. A, transparent rat lens. B, nuclear opacity (44 d). C, total opacification (60 d).

Fig

A

transparent

rat

lens

B

nuclear

opacity

d

C

total

opacification

d


Fig. 3. Fluorescence microscopy of transformed N. benthamiana epidermal cells transiently expressing GFP fusion of CFDV Rep. (A)–(D), association of fluorescence with the nucleus and elements of the cell endomembrane system including the nuclear envelope in cells expressing the GFP–Rep protein. (A, C), cell images reconstructed by superimposition of a series of confocal optical sections. (B), the central confocal optical section of the same cell as in (A). (D), the central confocal optical section of the same cell as in (C). (E), image of a cell expressing free GFP. Scale bar in (B), (D) and (E) represents 50 µm.

Fig

Fluorescence

microscopy

of

transformed

N.

benthamiana

epidermal

cells

transiently

expressing

GFP

fusion

of

CFDV

Rep.

A)–(D

association

of

fluorescence

with

the

nucleus

and

elements

of

the

cell

endomembrane

system

including

the

nuclear

envelope

in

cells

expressing

the

GFP

Rep

protein

A

C

cell

images

reconstructed

by

superimposition

of

a

series

of

confocal

optical

sections

B

the

central

confocal

optical

section

of

the

same

cell

as

in

A

D

the

central

confocal

optical

section

of

the

same

cell

as

in

C

E

image

of

a

cell

expressing

free

GFP

Scale

bar

in

B

D

and

E

represents

µm


Figure 2. Coronal fusion PET/CT (A) and PET (B) with 18F-NaF show osteogenic reaction at right femoral head and neck, suspicious for bone involvement secondary to the underlying disease. Pelvic MRI coronal section T1-weighted image with fat suppression after intravenous gadolinium injection (C) shows expansile lesion infiltrating the bone marrow of the right femoral head and neck, suggestive of secondary finding. Also a medullary lesion is observed in the femoral diaphysis suspicious for secondary involvement.

Figure

Coronal

fusion

PET

CT

A

and

PET

B

with

NaF

show

osteogenic

reaction

at

right

femoral

head

and

neck

suspicious

for

bone

involvement

secondary

to

the

underlying

disease

Pelvic

MRI

coronal

section

image

with

fat

suppression

after

intravenous

gadolinium

injection

C

shows

expansile

lesion

infiltrating

the

bone

marrow

of

the

right

femoral

head

and

neck

suggestive

of

secondary

finding

Also

a

medullary

lesion

is

observed

in

the

femoral

diaphysis

suspicious

for

secondary

involvement


Fig. 19 Perineural spread of tumor. Patient with squamous carcinoma of the retromolar trigone. CT sagittal images at 0 (a), 6 (b), and 12 (c) months follow-up. Note the progressive infiltration (arrows) of the pterygopalatine fossa (asterisks) with obliteration of the normal fatty tissue. In (c), it is evident the invasion of Meckel’s cave (empty arrow)

Fig

Perineural

spread

of

tumor

Patient

with

squamous

carcinoma

of

the

retromolar

trigone

CT

sagittal

images

at

a

b

and

c

months

follow

up

Note

the

progressive

infiltration

arrows

of

the

pterygopalatine

fossa

asterisks

with

obliteration

of

the

normal

fatty

tissue

In

c

it

is

evident

the

invasion

of

Meckel

’s

cave

empty

arrow


Figure 2. A: Axial T1-weighted MR image of the right distal forearm demonstrates a mass with low signal intensity surrounding the flexor tendons. B: Axial T2-weighted MR image showed a mass with high signal intensity mass and many rice bodies with low signal intensity. C: Sagittal T2-weighted MR image of the right distal forearm showed enlarged tendon sheaths and many small bodies with low signal intensity. D: Axial T1-weighted MR images of the right distal forearm after the administration of gadolinium. The mass which surrounded the flexor tendons was moderately enhanced.

Figure

A

Axial

MR

image

of

the

right

distal

forearm

demonstrates

a

mass

with

low

signal

intensity

surrounding

the

flexor

tendons

B

Axial

MR

image

showed

a

mass

with

high

signal

intensity

mass

and

many

rice

bodies

with

low

signal

intensity

C

Sagittal

MR

image

of

the

right

distal

forearm

showed

enlarged

tendon

sheaths

and

many

small

bodies

with

low

signal

intensity

D

Axial

MR

images

of

the

right

distal

forearm

after

the

administration

of

gadolinium

The

mass

which

surrounded

the

flexor

tendons

was

moderately

enhanced


Figure 1. MRI of patient 1 showing posterior column hyperintensity (white arrow and arrowhead) of cervical spinal cord in T2 axial (a) and T2 midsaggital (b) sections. MRI of patient 4 showing classical ‘V’ sign (black arrowhead) in T2 axial image (c) with longitudinal posterior cervical spinal cord hyperintensity (black arrow) in T2 midsaggital sections (d).

Figure

MRI

of

patient

showing

posterior

column

hyperintensity

white

arrow

and

arrowhead

of

cervical

spinal

cord

in

axial

a

and

midsaggital

b

sections

MRI

of

patient

showing

classical

V

sign

black

arrowhead

in

axial

image

c

with

longitudinal

posterior

cervical

spinal

cord

hyperintensity

black

arrow

in

midsaggital

sections

d


Fig. 1. Evaluation of the maxillary teeth on the axial cut of the osteomeatal unit computed tomography: root filling material used in endodontic treatment showed hyperdense spots along the tooth root in the right first molar, second molar and left first molar (arrows, A); the right first premolar was extracted (arrows, B).

Fig

Evaluation

of

the

maxillary

teeth

on

the

axial

cut

of

the

osteomeatal

unit

computed

tomography

root

filling

material

used

in

endodontic

treatment

showed

hyperdense

spots

along

the

tooth

root

in

the

right

first

molar

second

molar

and

left

first

molar

arrows

A

the

right

first

premolar

was

extracted

arrows

B


Figure 6. Right abdominal compression image illustrating incidental ileocecal intussusception occurring coincidentally at the time of imaging in a 4-month-old patient with rotavirus infection. Transverse (left) and longitudinal (right) images at the level of the hepatic flexure outline the diagnostic bowel-within-bowel appearance. Arrowheads, intussusceptum; arrows, intussuscipiens; P, long axis of the psoas muscle.

Figure

Right

abdominal

compression

image

illustrating

incidental

ileocecal

intussusception

occurring

coincidentally

at

the

time

of

imaging

in

a

old

patient

with

rotavirus

infection

Transverse

left

and

longitudinal

right

images

at

the

level

of

the

hepatic

flexure

outline

the

diagnostic

bowel

within

bowel

appearance

Arrowheads

intussusceptum

arrows

intussuscipiens

P

long

axis

of

the

psoas

muscle


Fig. 3 A 46-year-old woman admitted for evaluation of venous bypasses. After occlusion of multiple visceral arteries 2 years previously, one bypass was connected from the inferior aorta to the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery, and another from the right common iliac artery to branches of the superior mesenteric and common hepatic artery. Axial image (a) and axial MIP (b) show occlusion of the bypass (arrows). Lateral MIP (c) demonstrates the occluded bypass (arrow) and the unaltered occlusion of the celiac and superior mesenteric artery (arrowhead). VR image (d) depicts the occluded first bypass (arrow) and open second bypass (arrowhead). Another VR image (e) reveals the complex anatomy of the postoperative visceral vasculature and the advantage of reconstruction from 16-row CT data as compared to the 4-row CT examination 2 years previously (f); the shorter scanning time results in an improved contrast bolus exploitation and less venous overlay

Fig

A

old

woman

admitted

for

evaluation

of

venous

bypasses

After

occlusion

of

multiple

visceral

arteries

years

previously

one

bypass

was

connected

from

the

inferior

aorta

to

the

celiac

axis

and

superior

mesenteric

artery

and

another

from

the

right

common

iliac

artery

to

branches

of

the

superior

mesenteric

and

common

hepatic

artery

Axial

image

a

and

axial

MIP

b

show

occlusion

of

the

bypass

arrows

Lateral

MIP

c

demonstrates

the

occluded

bypass

arrow

and

the

unaltered

occlusion

of

the

celiac

and

superior

mesenteric

artery

arrowhead

VR

image

d

depicts

the

occluded

first

bypass

arrow

and

open

second

bypass

arrowhead

Another

VR

image

e

reveals

the

complex

anatomy

of

the

postoperative

visceral

vasculature

and

the

advantage

of

reconstruction

from

CT

data

as

compared

to

the

CT

examination

years

previously

f

the

shorter

scanning

time

results

in

an

improved

contrast

bolus

exploitation

and

less

venous

overlay


Figure 1. A lumbar spine MRI shows an irregular shaped right presacral mass (arrow) with (A) heterogeneous STIR hyperintensity and (B) T1 hypointensity. (C) CT of the pelvis shows a complex mass (arrow) with central necrosis and a thick enhancing wall extending into the right S2 neural foramen with lytic bone destruction. (D) Pelvic CT shows a 6x5x6 cm mass (arrow) compressing the right piriformis muscle posteriorly. CT, computed tomography.

Figure

A

lumbar

spine

MRI

shows

an

irregular

shaped

right

presacral

mass

arrow

with

A

heterogeneous

STIR

hyperintensity

and

B

hypointensity

C

CT

of

the

pelvis

shows

a

complex

mass

arrow

with

central

necrosis

and

a

thick

enhancing

wall

extending

into

the

right

neural

foramen

with

lytic

bone

destruction

D

Pelvic

CT

shows

a

cm

mass

arrow

compressing

the

right

piriformis

muscle

posteriorly

CT

computed

tomography


FIGURE 16. Sacral chordoma. Forty-two-year-old male with lower back pain and pelvic fullness. A, Sagittal noncontrast CT image of the sacrum shows a large mass arising from the distal sacrum (yellow arrow), with internal coarse calcification (white arrow). B, Sagittal T1-W MR image shows the mass is isointense to muscle, with robust enhancement on postcontrast fat-saturated sagittal T1-W image C. The mass has hyperintense T2-W signal on sagittal fat-saturated T2-W imaging. Note the internal area of dark signal (D, black arrow), corresponding to the calcifications on the CT (A, white arrow). These calcifications reflect intrinsic cartilaginous matrix in chordoma.

FIGURE

Sacral

chordoma

Forty

two

year

old

male

with

lower

back

pain

and

pelvic

fullness

A

Sagittal

noncontrast

CT

image

of

the

sacrum

shows

a

large

mass

arising

from

the

distal

sacrum

yellow

arrow

with

internal

coarse

calcification

white

arrow

B

Sagittal

MR

image

shows

the

mass

is

isointense

to

muscle

with

robust

enhancement

on

postcontrast

fat

saturated

sagittal

image

C.

The

mass

has

hyperintense

signal

on

sagittal

fat

saturated

imaging

Note

the

internal

area

of

dark

signal

D

black

arrow

corresponding

to

the

calcifications

on

the

CT

A

white

arrow

These

calcifications

reflect

intrinsic

cartilaginous

matrix

in

chordoma


Fig. 1. Patient 1, a 32-yr-old woman, had a pubic pain after vaginal delivery of twin babies. (A) Her pelvic radiograph shows 4.6 cm separation of the pubic symphysis. (B) At 12-month follow-up, the separation gap decreased to 1.3 cm.

Fig

Patient

a

old

woman

had

a

pubic

pain

after

vaginal

delivery

of

twin

babies

A

Her

pelvic

radiograph

shows

cm

separation

of

the

pubic

symphysis

B

At

follow

up

the

separation

gap

decreased

to

cm


Figure 3. A, Normal brainstem and cerebellum in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease (sagittal section, 1.5 T, T1 weighting). B, Mild brainstem and cerebellar atrophy in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of multiple-system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (sagittal section, 1.5 T, T1 weighting). C, Severe brainstem and cerebellar atrophy in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of multiple-system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (sagittal section, 1.5 T, T1 weighting).

Figure

A

Normal

brainstem

and

cerebellum

in

a

patient

with

a

clinical

diagnosis

of

Parkinson

disease

sagittal

section

T

weighting

B

Mild

brainstem

and

cerebellar

atrophy

in

a

patient

with

a

clinical

diagnosis

of

multiple

system

atrophy

with

predominant

parkinsonism

sagittal

section

T

weighting

C

Severe

brainstem

and

cerebellar

atrophy

in

a

patient

with

a

clinical

diagnosis

of

multiple

system

atrophy

with

predominant

parkinsonism

sagittal

section

T

weighting


Fig. 1. (A) Magnetic resonance imaging-sagittal view of a 64-yearold male with flexion distraction injury at the C4-5 level. (B) Postoperative X-ray at 1 year showing reduction and fusion with trabecular continuity at the C4-5 level. A B

Fig

A

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

sagittal

view

of

a

male

with

flexion

distraction

injury

at

the

level

B

Postoperative

X

ray

at

year

showing

reduction

and

fusion

with

trabecular

continuity

at

the

level

A

B


FIGURE 2 | Regions with smaller white matter volumes in 23 moderate nicotine dependence smokers and 30 severe nicotine dependence smokers than in non-smokers. This image shows the overlap (orange) regions of the smaller white matter in 23 moderate nicotine dependence smokers (red) and 30 severe nicotine dependence smokers (yellow) than in 53 non-smokers. Overall thresholds of significance were set at P < 0.05 (AlphaSim corrected). The (top row) shows one axial slice and three coronal slices, whereas the (bottom row) shows three sagittal slices. 1, cerebellum anterior lobe; 4, posterior cingulate; 7, thalamus; 8, midbrain.

FIGURE

Regions

with

smaller

white

matter

volumes

in

moderate

nicotine

dependence

smokers

and

severe

nicotine

dependence

smokers

than

in

non

smokers

This

image

shows

the

overlap

orange

regions

of

the

smaller

white

matter

in

moderate

nicotine

dependence

smokers

red

and

severe

nicotine

dependence

smokers

yellow

than

in

non

smokers

Overall

thresholds

of

significance

were

set

at

P

AlphaSim

corrected

The

top

row

shows

one

axial

slice

and

three

coronal

slices

whereas

the

bottom

row

shows

three

sagittal

slices

cerebellum

anterior

lobe

posterior

cingulate

thalamus

midbrain


Figure 1 (a) B scan ultrasound at presentation showed bilateral peripheral choroidal thickening with ciliochoroidal detachment, present almost 3601. The low to medium reflectivity is suggestive of choroidal effusions. (b) Almost complete resolution of bilateral choroidal effusions a few days after discontinuation of isoniazid.

Figure

a

B

scan

ultrasound

at

presentation

showed

bilateral

peripheral

choroidal

thickening

with

ciliochoroidal

detachment

present

almost

The

low

to

medium

reflectivity

is

suggestive

of

choroidal

effusions

b

Almost

complete

resolution

of

bilateral

choroidal

effusions

a

few

days

after

discontinuation

of

isoniazid


Fig. 1 A 27-year-old professional hockey player was evaluated for right hip pain. a A pre-operative cross-table lateral radiograph demonstrated convexity at the anterior femoral head–neck junction. b The presence of a cam lesion was verified arthroscopically. The femoral head (FH) and acetabulum (Ac) are visualized in the peripheral hip compartment with the camera in the anterior portal.

Fig

A

old

professional

hockey

player

was

evaluated

for

right

hip

pain

a

A

pre

operative

cross

table

lateral

radiograph

demonstrated

convexity

at

the

anterior

femoral

head

neck

junction

b

The

presence

of

a

cam

lesion

was

verified

arthroscopically

The

femoral

head

FH

and

acetabulum

Ac

are

visualized

in

the

peripheral

hip

compartment

with

the

camera

in

the

anterior

portal


Figure 4 Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins and calretinin in sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma (high power). (a) Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins (CKs) showing strong and diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in tumor cells. (b) Anticalretinin immunostain showing focal cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity.

Figure

Immunohistochemical

staining

for

cytokeratins

and

calretinin

in

sarcomatoid

malignant

mesothelioma

high

power

a

Immunohistochemical

staining

for

cytokeratins

CKs

showing

strong

and

diffuse

cytoplasmic

immunoreactivity

in

tumor

cells

b

Anticalretinin

immunostain

showing

focal

cytoplasmic

and

nuclear

immunoreactivity


Figure 2. Coronal (A) and axial (B) Ce Se T1W MRI showing a large and heterogeneous sellar mass with lateral and anterior extension involving left orbital apex, orbital fissures, and optic canal. The arrow indicates the encasing of the optical nerve.

Figure

Coronal

A

and

axial

B

Ce

Se

MRI

showing

a

large

and

heterogeneous

sellar

mass

with

lateral

and

anterior

extension

involving

left

orbital

apex

orbital

fissures

and

optic

canal

The

arrow

indicates

the

encasing

of

the

optical

nerve


Fig. 1. Chest radiography in time sequence A through D. (A) showed cardiomegaly, interstitial pulmonary edema and pleural effusion on admission. (B) showed interstitial pulmonary edema and pleural effusion were still remained after intensive customary heart failure therapy for 10 days. Pulmonary edema and pleural effusion were dramatically decreased in 48 hr (C) and disappeared in 2 weeks (D) after corticosteroid therapy.

Fig

Chest

radiography

in

time

sequence

A

through

D.

A

showed

cardiomegaly

interstitial

pulmonary

edema

and

pleural

effusion

on

admission

B

showed

interstitial

pulmonary

edema

and

pleural

effusion

were

still

remained

after

intensive

customary

heart

failure

therapy

for

days

Pulmonary

edema

and

pleural

effusion

were

dramatically

decreased

in

hr

C

and

disappeared

in

weeks

D

after

corticosteroid

therapy


Figure 1 (A) Axial T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequence; solitary lesion (white arrow) in the right occipital lobe in a 3 year old boy. (B) Axial T2 weighted gradient echo sequence; multiple supratentorial cerebral cavernous malformations (black arrows) in a young adult.

Figure

A

Axial

weighted

magnetic

resonance

imaging

sequence

solitary

lesion

white

arrow

in

the

right

occipital

lobe

in

a

year

old

boy

B

Axial

weighted

gradient

echo

sequence

multiple

supratentorial

cerebral

cavernous

malformations

black

arrows

in

a

young

adult


Figure 4. Sagittal cartilage-sensitive, fast-spin echo magnetic resonance images of a TruFit bone graft substitute plug (BGS) at 6 months, 12 months, and 38 months postoperatively. The appearance of the plug parallels its biological incorporation, demonstrating unfavorable characteristics during the phase of resorption and early incorporation at intermediate postoperative follow-up. Resorption at the plug-native bone interface was seen in greater than 60% of TruFit BGS plugs at approximately 12 months.

Figure

Sagittal

cartilage

sensitive

fast

spin

echo

magnetic

resonance

images

of

a

TruFit

bone

graft

substitute

plug

BGS

at

months

months

and

months

postoperatively

The

appearance

of

the

plug

parallels

its

biological

incorporation

demonstrating

unfavorable

characteristics

during

the

phase

of

resorption

and

early

incorporation

at

intermediate

postoperative

follow

up

Resorption

at

the

plug

native

bone

interface

was

seen

in

greater

than

of

TruFit

BGS

plugs

at

approximately

months


Fig. 3. Acute ethanol-induced histopathological changes in the livers 6 h after intragastric administration of 6g/kg ethanol: A, control; B, zinc; C, ethanol; and D, zinc ϩ ethanol (E and F are higher magnifications of C and D, respectively). The treatment protocol was as the same as that described for Fig. 1. The major histopathological change induced by ethanol in mouse liver was microvesicular steatosis (arrows). In addition, ethanol administration caused hepatocyte enlargement with nuclear dissolution (indicative of necrosis; arrowheads). Zinc pretreatment suppressed these ethanol-induced alterations. CV, central vein. H&E staining, magnifications: A through D, 260ϫ and E and F, 520ϫ.

Fig

Acute

ethanol

induced

histopathological

changes

in

the

livers

h

after

intragastric

administration

of

kg

ethanol

A

control

B

zinc

C

ethanol

and

D

zinc

ϩ

ethanol

E

and

F

are

higher

magnifications

of

C

and

D

respectively

The

treatment

protocol

was

as

the

same

as

that

described

for

Fig

The

major

histopathological

change

induced

by

ethanol

in

mouse

liver

was

microvesicular

steatosis

arrows

In

addition

ethanol

administration

caused

hepatocyte

enlargement

with

nuclear

dissolution

indicative

of

necrosis

arrowheads

Zinc

pretreatment

suppressed

these

ethanol

induced

alterations

CV

central

vein

H&E

staining

magnifications

A

through

D

and

E

and

F


Fig. 3 – A: Axial T1-weighted image. The mass is almost isointense to the thoracic muscles (white asterisk). B: Coronal gradient-echo T2 image. The mass extends upward to the subcarinal region. The lesion exhibits a heterogeneous hypointensity (white asterisk), consistent with the presence of fibrous component. C: Axial T1-weighted image, post-gadolinium image. The mass (black asterisk) shows contrast uptake, more homogeneous in its anterior part. Note that the uptake is less homogeneous in its posterior part. Contrast uptake may represent areas with active inflammation.

Fig

A

Axial

image

The

mass

is

almost

isointense

to

the

thoracic

muscles

white

asterisk

B

Coronal

gradient

echo

image

The

mass

extends

upward

to

the

subcarinal

region

The

lesion

exhibits

a

heterogeneous

hypointensity

white

asterisk

consistent

with

the

presence

of

fibrous

component

C

Axial

image

post

gadolinium

image

The

mass

black

asterisk

shows

contrast

uptake

more

homogeneous

in

its

anterior

part

Note

that

the

uptake

is

less

homogeneous

in

its

posterior

part

Contrast

uptake

may

represent

areas

with

active

inflammation


Fig. 1 Probe placements in the amygdala. a A representative photomicrograph of a cresylstained coronal section showing the localization of the tip of the membrane of a microdialysis probe (arrowhead) within the BA/LA. b Schematic drawings of the localization of the microdialysis membranes (bold black lines) used in the present study within and outside of the BA/LA. BA basal amygdala, LA lateral amygdala. Illustrations modified from Paxinos and Watson (1998)

Fig

Probe

placements

in

the

amygdala

a

A

representative

photomicrograph

of

a

cresylstained

coronal

section

showing

the

localization

of

the

tip

of

the

membrane

of

a

microdialysis

probe

arrowhead

within

the

BA

LA

b

Schematic

drawings

of

the

localization

of

the

microdialysis

membranes

bold

black

lines

used

in

the

present

study

within

and

outside

of

the

BA

LA

BA

basal

amygdala

LA

lateral

amygdala

Illustrations

modified

from

Paxinos

and

Watson


Figure 1. Breast extramedullary relapse imaging (Case 1): computed tomography (A), microscopic (B – proliferation of blast cell with scant cytoplasm and round-oval nuclei with dispersed chromatin and small nucleoli; epithelial structures such as ducts and lobules were preserved with surrounding neoplastic cells (H + E stain, 200×); C – blastic cells strongly express myeloperoxidase (EnVision stain, 200×)) and cytogenetic characteristics (D – result of interphase FISH analysis with CBFB DC Break Apart Probe and CEPX(DXZ1)/Y(DYZ1) (Vysis) show female cell (2 centromere X signals) with separate signals of CBFB gene split apart due to the inversion; E – fusion transcript CBFB-MYH11 type A detected by RT-PCR in examined material (line 1), positive control with RNA isolated from BM cells of another AML M4 patient (line 2), 123 bp marker (line 3))

Figure

Breast

extramedullary

relapse

imaging

Case

computed

tomography

A

microscopic

B

proliferation

of

blast

cell

with

scant

cytoplasm

and

round

oval

nuclei

with

dispersed

chromatin

and

small

nucleoli

epithelial

structures

such

as

ducts

and

lobules

were

preserved

with

surrounding

neoplastic

cells

H

E

stain

C

blastic

cells

strongly

express

myeloperoxidase

EnVision

stain

and

cytogenetic

characteristics

D

result

of

interphase

FISH

analysis

with

CBFB

DC

Break

Apart

Probe

and

Vysis

show

female

cell

centromere

X

signals

with

separate

signals

of

CBFB

gene

split

apart

due

to

the

inversion

E

fusion

transcript

CBFB

type

A

detected

by

RT

PCR

in

examined

material

line

positive

control

with

RNA

isolated

from

BM

cells

of

another

AML

patient

line

bp

marker

line


Fig. 6. 3D endoscopic PA and US images of the rat rectum. (a) and (c) 3D PA images. (b) and (d) 3D US images. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig

endoscopic

PA

and

US

images

of

the

rat

rectum

a

and

c

PA

images

b

and

d

US

images

Scale

bar

mm


Fig. 1 Overview of workflow used to perform patient specific simulation for IRE treatment performed on a 70-year-old man with Gleason 9 recurrence after radiation therapy (patient 6). a T1 weighted post contrast MRI showed a tumor (center marked with an asterisk, boundary with solid line) in the right peripheral zone. b Intra-operative axial US guided needle placement to the tumor (5 IRE needles, white arrows). The intra-operative US image annotated to demarcate the ablation probes (dashed arrows), the outline of the prostate, the rectum, and the neurovascular bundles (NVB) (solid lines). Clinical treatment planning data were compiled and the MR images from the corresponding axial plane were used to identify critical structures for segmentation. c Follow-up axial enhanced T1w with fat saturation MR imaging performed 15 days after ablation was used to demarcate the ablation defect (solid line) and showed size and shape of the ablative zone (area: 701 mm2). d Simulation predicted ablation zone (white with blue boundary) at the electric field strength contour (700 V/cm; area 624 mm2, arrowhead). Image plotted using gradient shading with regions of highest field strength (700 V/cm and stronger) appearing light and lower field strengths appearing dark. Simulation predicted that ablation encompassed completely the tumor

Fig

Overview

of

workflow

used

to

perform

patient

specific

simulation

for

IRE

treatment

performed

on

a

old

man

with

Gleason

recurrence

after

radiation

therapy

patient

a

weighted

post

contrast

MRI

showed

a

tumor

center

marked

with

an

asterisk

boundary

with

solid

line

in

the

right

peripheral

zone

b

Intra

operative

axial

US

guided

needle

placement

to

the

tumor

IRE

needles

white

arrows

The

intra

operative

US

image

annotated

to

demarcate

the

ablation

probes

dashed

arrows

the

outline

of

the

prostate

the

rectum

and

the

neurovascular

bundles

NVB

solid

lines

Clinical

treatment

planning

data

were

compiled

and

the

MR

images

from

the

corresponding

axial

plane

were

used

to

identify

critical

structures

for

segmentation

c

Follow

up

axial

enhanced

with

fat

saturation

MR

imaging

performed

days

after

ablation

was

used

to

demarcate

the

ablation

defect

solid

line

and

showed

size

and

shape

of

the

ablative

zone

area

d

Simulation

predicted

ablation

zone

white

with

blue

boundary

at

the

electric

field

strength

contour

V

cm

area

arrowhead

Image

plotted

using

gradient

shading

with

regions

of

highest

field

strength

V

cm

and

stronger

appearing

light

and

lower

field

strengths

appearing

dark

Simulation

predicted

that

ablation

encompassed

completely

the

tumor


Figure 2. (a) A parasagittal overview of the proliferation zones in the brain of an adult zebrafish. The zebrafish was pulsed for 4 h with BrdU and whole mount stained. (b) A parasagittal overview of the zebrafish telencephalon stained with PSA-NCAM showing a chain of cells along the telencephalic ventricle immunopositive for the PSA-NCAM. (c) Cross-section and overview of the proliferative zones (red dots) in the everted fish telencephalon (arrow). Boxed region shows the field of view in (d ) and (e). (d ) A cross-section through the dorsal telencephalon of an adult zebrafish showing BrdU-labelled cells (green) along the lateral margin, as well as Hu-positive neurons (red) and S100b-positive glia (blue). The fish was pulsed for 2 days with BrdU. (e) A crosssection from a similar level to (e) showing PSA-NCAM-positive cells (red) along the lateral margin as well as S100b-positive glia (green). ( f, g) Cross-section of the pretectum of an adult zebrafish showing a newly generated tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron. (h, i ) Cross-section of the hypothalamus showing newly generated serotonin neurons (Grandel et al. 2006). DT, dorsal telencephalon; VT, ventral telencephalon; TV, tectal ventricle. ( f )–(i ) is reprinted with kind permission from Grandel et al. (2006), q Elsevier.

Figure

a

A

parasagittal

overview

of

the

proliferation

zones

in

the

brain

of

an

adult

zebrafish

The

zebrafish

was

pulsed

for

h

with

BrdU

and

whole

mount

stained

b

A

parasagittal

overview

of

the

zebrafish

telencephalon

stained

with

PSA

NCAM

showing

a

chain

of

cells

along

the

telencephalic

ventricle

immunopositive

for

the

PSA

NCAM

c

Cross

section

and

overview

of

the

proliferative

zones

red

dots

in

the

everted

fish

telencephalon

arrow

Boxed

region

shows

the

field

of

view

in

d

and

e

d

A

cross

section

through

the

dorsal

telencephalon

of

an

adult

zebrafish

showing

BrdU

labelled

cells

green

along

the

lateral

margin

as

well

as

Hu

positive

neurons

red

and

positive

glia

blue

The

fish

was

pulsed

for

days

with

BrdU.

e

A

crosssection

from

a

similar

level

to

e

showing

PSA

NCAM

positive

cells

red

along

the

lateral

margin

as

well

as

positive

glia

green

f

g

Cross

section

of

the

pretectum

of

an

adult

zebrafish

showing

a

newly

generated

tyrosine

hydroxylase

positive

neuron

h

i

Cross

section

of

the

hypothalamus

showing

newly

generated

serotonin

neurons

Grandel

et

al

DT

dorsal

telencephalon

VT

ventral

telencephalon

TV

tectal

ventricle

f

i

is

reprinted

with

kind

permission

from

Grandel

et

al

q

Elsevier


Fig. 6 Overexpression of p60TRP in transgenic mice using a bioluminescence reporter gene. Transgene-vector: Map of the vector used for transgenic expression of p60TRP in mice. Schematic representation of plasmid pTGV.60TRP (TGV: transgenic vector), harbouring the synapsin 1 promoter (Syn1P), p60TRP cDNA, an IRES domain, the luciferase cDNA as a reporter gene to identify p60TRP expression using in vivo live bioluminescence imaging, the woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE), and the -globin 3 untranslated region containing its own polyadenylation signal ( -glob, 3 UTR and pA, respectively) (A). Bioluminescence luciferase activity imaging in live mice showing p60TRP expression in the brains of transgenic (tg) mice compared with their wild-type corresponding littermates (left: females, 3 months old, strain 31; right: females, 1 month old, strain 38) (B). Bioluminescence luciferase activity imaging of brain slices. Upper panel: mouse strain 38 (female, 1 month old), coronal brain section; lower panel: mouse strain 38 (male, 1 month old), coronal brain section (C). Brain imaging of mouse strain 38, sagittal brain section (left: female, 1 month old, right: wild-type female littermate) (D). Western blot analysis showing p60TRP overexpression in the cortex (Cx) and hippocampus (Hp) of transgenic mice (strain 38, female, 1 month old) compared to wild-type littermates (C) (E). Analysis of luciferase activity assay was performed as described in supplemental ‘Materials and methods’. Only p60TRP transgenic mice revealed luciferase activity. The analysis was performed with total brain tissue lysate (strain 31, male, 1 month old) (F).

Fig

Overexpression

of

in

transgenic

mice

using

a

bioluminescence

reporter

gene

Transgene

vector

Map

of

the

vector

used

for

transgenic

expression

of

in

mice

Schematic

representation

of

plasmid

TGV

transgenic

vector

harbouring

the

synapsin

promoter

cDNA

an

IRES

domain

the

luciferase

cDNA

as

a

reporter

gene

to

identify

expression

using

in

vivo

live

bioluminescence

imaging

the

woodchuck

hepatitis

virus

post

transcriptional

regulatory

element

WPRE

and

the

-globin

untranslated

region

containing

its

own

polyadenylation

signal

-glob

UTR

and

pA

respectively

A

Bioluminescence

luciferase

activity

imaging

in

live

mice

showing

expression

in

the

brains

of

transgenic

tg

mice

compared

with

their

wild

type

corresponding

littermates

left

females

months

old

strain

right

females

month

old

strain

B

Bioluminescence

luciferase

activity

imaging

of

brain

slices

Upper

panel

mouse

strain

female

month

old

coronal

brain

section

lower

panel

mouse

strain

male

month

old

coronal

brain

section

C

Brain

imaging

of

mouse

strain

sagittal

brain

section

left

female

month

old

right

wild

type

female

littermate

D

Western

blot

analysis

showing

overexpression

in

the

cortex

Cx

and

hippocampus

Hp

of

transgenic

mice

strain

female

month

old

compared

to

wild

type

littermates

C

E

Analysis

of

luciferase

activity

assay

was

performed

as

described

in

supplemental

Materials

and

methods

Only

transgenic

mice

revealed

luciferase

activity

The

analysis

was

performed

with

total

brain

tissue

lysate

strain

male

month

old

F


Figure 1: (a) Computed tomography (CT) angiography showing the left coronary artery (LC) from the pulmonary trunk (RCA: right coronary artery; AD: anterior descending artery; and Cx: circumflex artery). (b) CT angiotomography showing the coronary collateral network. (c) CT angiotomography showing the left coronary artery aneurysm.

Figure

a

Computed

tomography

CT

angiography

showing

the

left

coronary

artery

LC

from

the

pulmonary

trunk

RCA

right

coronary

artery

AD

anterior

descending

artery

and

Cx

circumflex

artery

b

CT

angiotomography

showing

the

coronary

collateral

network

c

CT

angiotomography

showing

the

left

coronary

artery

aneurysm


Figure 2 (a) CT scan showing enhanced right ureter suggestive of ureteritis (white arrow head and white arrow in magnified image). (b) Ultrasound scan (USS) showing right ureterocoele (dotted white arrow). (c) USS showing right hydronephrosis (dashed white arrow). (d) CT urogram showing ureterocoele (black arrow).

Figure

a

CT

scan

showing

enhanced

right

ureter

suggestive

of

ureteritis

white

arrow

head

and

white

arrow

in

magnified

image

b

Ultrasound

scan

USS

showing

right

ureterocoele

dotted

white

arrow

c

USS

showing

right

hydronephrosis

dashed

white

arrow

d

CT

urogram

showing

ureterocoele

black

arrow


Fig. 2 Three-dimensional digital template software “ATHENA”. Two X-ray images of the knee joint undertaken with a 3D marker attached to the surface of the patient’s lower leg (a, b). The silhouette made by the marker on the images is used to couple the two X-ray images three dimensionally (c). Pre-operative CTwas further matched, thus making it possible to assess postoperative conditions in preoperative three-dimensional digital template software “ATHENA” (d). The changes in the anterior part of the femoral prosthesis and CTAwere evaluated

Fig

Three

dimensional

digital

template

software

ATHENA

Two

X

ray

images

of

the

knee

joint

undertaken

with

a

marker

attached

to

the

surface

of

the

patient

’s

lower

leg

a

b

The

silhouette

made

by

the

marker

on

the

images

is

used

to

couple

the

two

X

ray

images

three

dimensionally

c

Pre

operative

CTwas

further

matched

thus

making

it

possible

to

assess

postoperative

conditions

in

preoperative

three

dimensional

digital

template

software

ATHENA

d

The

changes

in

the

anterior

part

of

the

femoral

prosthesis

and

CTAwere

evaluated


Figure 7. RNA in situ hybridization of whole-mount mouse embryos. (a) Ventral view and (b) dorsal view of E9.5 embryo. Eya4 is expressed in the nasal placode (np), the otic vesicle (ov) and in two stripes flanking the dorsal midline above the level of the developing forelimb (arrowhead in b). (c) E10.5 embryo. Eya4 is expressed in the lateral nasal process (lnp), mandibular process (mb), forelimb (fl) and hindlimb (hl). The eye (ey) is negative. The signal in the hindbrain (hb) is due to trapping. (d) E11.5 embryos hybridized with antisense (left) and sense (right) probes. Eya4 is expressed in the craniofacial mesenchyme (cfm) above the nose and between the eyes, the future external auditory meatus (eam), the dermamyotome (dm), the forelimb and the hindlimb. Strong expression was also seen in a domain linking the dermamyotome with the limb (arrowhead). (e) Transverse vibratome section of an E11.5 whole-mount embryo at the level of the forelimb. Eya4 is expressed strongly in the dermamyotomal compartment of the somites but not in the neural tube (nt) or dorsal root ganglia (drg). Eya4 is also expressed in streams of cells which appear to be moving from the dermamyotome into the forelimb. (f) Transverse vibratome section through the head of an E11.5 whole-mount embryo. Eya4 expression is clearly visible in the craniofacial mesenchyme overlying the olfactory epithelium (oe). The eye, including the lens (l), is negative. (g) Whole-mount hybridization of hindlimb plate (left) and forelimb plate (right) at E12.5. Eya4 is expressed in the vicinity of the condensing digits. (h) A section through a whole-mount-hybridized forelimb showing that Eya4 is expressed around but not within the pre-cartilage condensations (pcc) of the individual digits.

Figure

RNA

in

situ

hybridization

of

whole

mount

mouse

embryos

a

Ventral

view

and

b

dorsal

view

of

embryo

is

expressed

in

the

nasal

placode

np

the

otic

vesicle

ov

and

in

two

stripes

flanking

the

dorsal

midline

above

the

level

of

the

developing

forelimb

arrowhead

in

b

c

embryo

is

expressed

in

the

lateral

nasal

process

lnp

mandibular

process

mb

forelimb

fl

and

hindlimb

hl

The

eye

ey

is

negative

The

signal

in

the

hindbrain

hb

is

due

to

trapping

d

embryos

hybridized

with

antisense

left

and

sense

right

probes

is

expressed

in

the

craniofacial

mesenchyme

cfm

above

the

nose

and

between

the

eyes

the

future

external

auditory

meatus

eam

the

dermamyotome

dm

the

forelimb

and

the

hindlimb

Strong

expression

was

also

seen

in

a

domain

linking

the

dermamyotome

with

the

limb

arrowhead

e

Transverse

vibratome

section

of

an

whole

mount

embryo

at

the

level

of

the

forelimb

is

expressed

strongly

in

the

dermamyotomal

compartment

of

the

somites

but

not

in

the

neural

tube

nt

or

dorsal

root

ganglia

drg

is

also

expressed

in

streams

of

cells

which

appear

to

be

moving

from

the

dermamyotome

into

the

forelimb

f

Transverse

vibratome

section

through

the

head

of

an

whole

mount

embryo

expression

is

clearly

visible

in

the

craniofacial

mesenchyme

overlying

the

olfactory

epithelium

oe

The

eye

including

the

lens

l

is

negative

g

Whole

mount

hybridization

of

hindlimb

plate

left

and

forelimb

plate

right

at

is

expressed

in

the

vicinity

of

the

condensing

digits

h

A

section

through

a

whole

mount

hybridized

forelimb

showing

that

is

expressed

around

but

not

within

the

pre

cartilage

condensations

pcc

of

the

individual

digits


Fig. 1. Axon outgrowth and cytoskeletal organization, but neither neuronal specification nor early stages of cellular polarization, were severely compromised with hnRNP K knockdown. (A)Immunostained optical section of a stage 40 Xenopus tadpole demonstrates suppression of hnRNP K expression on the injected side by hnRNP K MO (below dots). SC (inside dashed lines), spinal cord; arrowheads, hnRNP K staining of muscle nuclei on the uninjected side. (B-Db) Suppression of axon outgrowth on the injected side of stage 40 tadpoles [B(bottom),Cb,Db] revealed by immunostaining for the indicated axonal markers. A and B are horizontal and Ca-Db parasagittal sections. Arrowheads in Cb and in Da and Db indicate examples of atrophied axons and neuronal perikarya, respectively. Arrowheads in B indicate normally projecting motor axons on the uninjected side. (Ea-Gc) Organization of the indicated cytoskeletal polymers was severely disrupted in neurons of bilaterally injected hnRNP K MO (PK MO) cultures compared with those of control MO (Ea,Fa,Ga), which appeared normal. With hnRNP K MO, Factin circumscribed perikarya, but was asymmetrically distributed (Eb,Ec); microtubules formed an anastomosing network (Fb,Fc); neuronal intermediate filaments were twisted and radiated outward in multiple directions (Gb,Gc). (Ha-Id) Double immunostaining for N- tubulin and Par6 as indicated. With control MO (Ha,Hb), Par 6 staining was punctate and filled neuronal perikarya and axons (arrowheads, growth cone). With hnRNP K MO (Ia-Id), neuronal perikaryal microtubules (Ic,Id) were poorly organized and failed to correspond with an asymmetric hotspot of Par6 immunostaining (Ia,Ib). Scale bars: 100m for A-Db; 20m for Ea-Id.

Fig

Axon

outgrowth

and

cytoskeletal

organization

but

neither

neuronal

specification

nor

early

stages

of

cellular

polarization

were

severely

compromised

with

hnRNP

K

knockdown

A)Immunostained

optical

section

of

a

stage

Xenopus

tadpole

demonstrates

suppression

of

hnRNP

K

expression

on

the

injected

side

by

hnRNP

K

MO

below

dots

SC

inside

dashed

lines

spinal

cord

arrowheads

hnRNP

K

staining

of

muscle

nuclei

on

the

uninjected

side

B

Db

Suppression

of

axon

outgrowth

on

the

injected

side

of

stage

tadpoles

B(bottom),Cb

Db

revealed

by

immunostaining

for

the

indicated

axonal

markers

A

and

B

are

horizontal

and

Ca

Db

parasagittal

sections

Arrowheads

in

Cb

and

in

Da

and

Db

indicate

examples

of

atrophied

axons

and

neuronal

perikarya

respectively

Arrowheads

in

B

indicate

normally

projecting

motor

axons

on

the

uninjected

side

Ea

Gc

Organization

of

the

indicated

cytoskeletal

polymers

was

severely

disrupted

in

neurons

of

bilaterally

injected

hnRNP

K

MO

PK

MO

cultures

compared

with

those

of

control

MO

Ea

Fa

Ga

which

appeared

normal

With

hnRNP

K

MO

Factin

circumscribed

perikarya

but

was

asymmetrically

distributed

Eb

Ec

microtubules

formed

an

anastomosing

network

Fb

Fc

neuronal

intermediate

filaments

were

twisted

and

radiated

outward

in

multiple

directions

Gb

Gc

Ha

Id

Double

immunostaining

for

N-

tubulin

and

as

indicated

With

control

MO

Ha

Hb

Par

staining

was

punctate

and

filled

neuronal

perikarya

and

axons

arrowheads

growth

cone

With

hnRNP

K

MO

Ia

Id

neuronal

perikaryal

microtubules

Ic

Id

were

poorly

organized

and

failed

to

correspond

with

an

asymmetric

hotspot

of

immunostaining

Ia

Ib

Scale

bars

for

A

Db

for

Ea

Id


Fig. 1 a Radiography, b gastrografin enema examination, and c computed tomography (CT) revealed stenosis of the descending colon (arrows) and remarkable distention on the oral side of the descending colon. Barium nodules were detected in the peritoneal cavity, especially near the anastomosis

Fig

a

Radiography

b

gastrografin

enema

examination

and

c

computed

tomography

CT

revealed

stenosis

of

the

descending

colon

arrows

and

remarkable

distention

on

the

oral

side

of

the

descending

colon

Barium

nodules

were

detected

in

the

peritoneal

cavity

especially

near

the

anastomosis


Fig. 5 TRIAD-specific changes in cortical neurons of Htt-KI mice. a Electron microscopy revealed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles (asterisk) despite of normal nucleus (nuc). b Golgi apparatus was also enlarged, while mitochondria (mi) did not expand and the mitochondrial network structure remained. c A larger magnification of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. d No subcellular organ was involved in the vacuole (asterisk) while ribosome was not confirmed throughout the cell. No autophagic vacuoles were observed at a high magnification. The image was identical to the change of TRIAD in primary cortical neurons, in which vacuoles turned out to be ER [3]. e A large part of neurons at 39 weeks seemed normal, while the space between inner and outer nuclear membranes were slightly dilated. f In 20–30% of neurons, invagination of nuclear membrane was observed (arrow). g-1 In such abnormal cells, loss of our nuclear membrane (arrowhead) and cytoplasmic vacuoles (squared area) were frequently observed. g-2 Larger magnification of the squared area is shown. h Mild ER dilatation was also observed in other cells without nuclear invagination. i A few neurons possessed intranuclear fibrils corresponding to nuclear inclusion body. j In the background mice (C57BL/6) at 68 weeks, neurons show no TRIAD-related morphological changes

Fig

TRIAD

specific

changes

in

cortical

neurons

of

Htt

KI

mice

a

Electron

microscopy

revealed

numerous

cytoplasmic

vacuoles

asterisk

despite

of

normal

nucleus

nuc

b

Golgi

apparatus

was

also

enlarged

while

mitochondria

mi

did

not

expand

and

the

mitochondrial

network

structure

remained

c

A

larger

magnification

of

mitochondria

and

Golgi

apparatus

d

No

subcellular

organ

was

involved

in

the

vacuole

asterisk

while

ribosome

was

not

confirmed

throughout

the

cell

No

autophagic

vacuoles

were

observed

at

a

high

magnification

The

image

was

identical

to

the

change

of

TRIAD

in

primary

cortical

neurons

in

which

vacuoles

turned

out

to

be

ER

e

A

large

part

of

neurons

at

weeks

seemed

normal

while

the

space

between

inner

and

outer

nuclear

membranes

were

slightly

dilated

f

In

of

neurons

invagination

of

nuclear

membrane

was

observed

arrow

In

such

abnormal

cells

loss

of

our

nuclear

membrane

arrowhead

and

cytoplasmic

vacuoles

squared

area

were

frequently

observed

Larger

magnification

of

the

squared

area

is

shown

h

Mild

ER

dilatation

was

also

observed

in

other

cells

without

nuclear

invagination

i

A

few

neurons

possessed

intranuclear

fibrils

corresponding

to

nuclear

inclusion

body

j

In

the

background

mice

at

weeks

neurons

show

no

TRIAD

related

morphological

changes


FIG. 4. (A and C) Portion of the MRI coronal cross sections that pass through the deduced locations of the source for the 100-ms component of the auditory-evoked response (dots), for subjects PF and TY, respectively. (B and D) Positions of field measurements and isofield contours for the subjects.

FIG

A

and

C

Portion

of

the

MRI

coronal

cross

sections

that

pass

through

the

deduced

locations

of

the

source

for

the

component

of

the

auditory

evoked

response

dots

for

subjects

PF

and

TY

respectively

B

and

D

Positions

of

field

measurements

and

isofield

contours

for

the

subjects


Figure 1 Axial CT images at the level of the adrenals obtained immediately after the injection of intravenous contrast (A) and after a 5-minute delay (B). A large low density left suprarenal mass is seen (arrows). On the delayed images, contrast enhancement (arrowheads) is identified within the mass.

Figure

Axial

CT

images

at

the

level

of

the

adrenals

obtained

immediately

after

the

injection

of

intravenous

contrast

A

and

after

a

delay

B

A

large

low

density

left

suprarenal

mass

is

seen

arrows

On

the

delayed

images

contrast

enhancement

arrowheads

is

identified

within

the

mass


Figure 3. Spinal column fracture confirmed by X-ray and CT. A: Compression fracture of lumbar vertebra confirmed by X-ray (lateral view, arrows). B: Compression fracture of lumbar vertebra confirmed by CT (arrows). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039544.g003

Figure

Spinal

column

fracture

confirmed

by

X

ray

and

CT

A

Compression

fracture

of

lumbar

vertebra

confirmed

by

X

ray

lateral

view

arrows

B

Compression

fracture

of

lumbar

vertebra

confirmed

by

CT

arrows


Fig. 3. Preoperative and postoperative 1-year chest X-ray. (A) Severe cardiomegaly is shown. (B) Cardiomegaly is improved after the operation.

Fig

Preoperative

and

postoperative

chest

X

ray

A

Severe

cardiomegaly

is

shown

B

Cardiomegaly

is

improved

after

the

operation


Figure 2. The primary tumor sampled by endobronchial ultrasound fine‑needle aspiration. (A) Epithelial and spindle‑shaped tumor cells showed alveolar growth solid. (B) Immunohistochemical examination showed positive for c‑kit. Magnification, x200.

Figure

The

primary

tumor

sampled

by

endobronchial

ultrasound

fine‑needle

aspiration

A

Epithelial

and

spindle‑shaped

tumor

cells

showed

alveolar

growth

solid

B

Immunohistochemical

examination

showed

positive

for

c‑kit

Magnification


Fig. 4. Postoperative brain MRI. A : On postoperative day 1, brain MRI shows a 18×18 mm sized mass compressing the adjacent structures in the interpeduncular cistern. B : At 21 months postoperatively, most of the thrombosed aneurysm has disappeared and the interpeduncular cistern is clearly observed. MRI : magnetic resonance imaging.

Fig

Postoperative

brain

MRI

A

On

postoperative

day

brain

MRI

shows

a

mm

sized

mass

compressing

the

adjacent

structures

in

the

interpeduncular

cistern

B

At

months

postoperatively

most

of

the

thrombosed

aneurysm

has

disappeared

and

the

interpeduncular

cistern

is

clearly

observed

MRI

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Figure 7. Abnormal accumulation of interneurons in LI and SPP in Cdk5 À/À and reeler mice, respectively. E18.5 coronal sections, of Cdk5 À/À and reeler forebrain, stained with Nissl and labeled with antibodies against CB and LHX6. In the Cdk5 À/À cortex, LI is wide and cell dense (A) and packed with numerous CB þ (B) and LHX6 þ (C) cells. In reeler mice, SPP, containing undivided (or mixed) LI and SP cells, is a thick cortical layer (D) containing an abundance of CB þ (E) and LHX6 þ (F) cells. Dashed lines represent the border between LI or SPP and the rest of the developing cortical layers. Scale bar, 100 lm.

Figure

Abnormal

accumulation

of

interneurons

in

LI

and

SPP

in

À

À

and

reeler

mice

respectively

coronal

sections

of

À

À

and

reeler

forebrain

stained

with

Nissl

and

labeled

with

antibodies

against

CB

and

In

the

À

À

cortex

LI

is

wide

and

cell

dense

A

and

packed

with

numerous

CB

þ

B

and

þ

C

cells

In

reeler

mice

SPP

containing

undivided

or

mixed

LI

and

SP

cells

is

a

thick

cortical

layer

D

containing

an

abundance

of

CB

þ

E

and

þ

F

cells

Dashed

lines

represent

the

border

between

LI

or

SPP

and

the

rest

of

the

developing

cortical

layers

Scale

bar

lm


Fig. 1 Upper endoscopy. Upper endoscopy showed an elongated columnar epithelium from the squamocolumnar junction indicating BE (a) and a type 0-IIa + IIc elevated lesion adjacent to the BE lesion (b)

Fig

Upper

endoscopy

Upper

endoscopy

showed

an

elongated

columnar

epithelium

from

the

squamocolumnar

junction

indicating

BE

a

and

a

type

IIc

elevated

lesion

adjacent

to

the

BE

lesion

b


Figure 4. PrP C distribution in a P37 opossum brain. (A-B) Coronal sections in the caudal diencephalon from a P37 opossum were stained for PrP C in the thalamus (Th) and in the parenchyma of the hippocampus. (A) In the ventral thalamus, a strong IR was observed in the reticular nucleus (Rt) and in the nucleus reuniens (Re). No IR was observed in the optic tract (Ot). In the hypothalamic area (H) the immunoreactivity was lower than in the thalamus. (B) A strong PrP C signal was observed in the stratum oriens (or) and in the stratum radiatum (rad) of the hippocampus. A low PrP C immunoreactivity was observed in the hilar region (h), while the pyramidal (pyr) and granule (gr) cell layers of the CA1-CA3 and DG were devoid of immunostaining (Bars: 1 mm). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050370.g004

Figure

PrP

C

distribution

in

a

opossum

brain

A

B

Coronal

sections

in

the

caudal

diencephalon

from

a

opossum

were

stained

for

PrP

C

in

the

thalamus

Th

and

in

the

parenchyma

of

the

hippocampus

A

In

the

ventral

thalamus

a

strong

IR

was

observed

in

the

reticular

nucleus

Rt

and

in

the

nucleus

reuniens

Re

No

IR

was

observed

in

the

optic

tract

Ot

In

the

hypothalamic

area

H

the

immunoreactivity

was

lower

than

in

the

thalamus

B

A

strong

PrP

C

signal

was

observed

in

the

stratum

oriens

or

and

in

the

stratum

radiatum

rad

of

the

hippocampus

A

low

PrP

C

immunoreactivity

was

observed

in

the

hilar

region

h

while

the

pyramidal

pyr

and

granule

gr

cell

layers

of

the

and

DG

were

devoid

of

immunostaining

Bars

mm


Figure 4. Sagittal unenhanced CT scan: the same heterogenous intracanal mass is found (black arrow) with erosions of C2 cortical bone and several osteocondensent zones (white circle). Enlargement of the medullary canal.

Figure

Sagittal

unenhanced

CT

scan

the

same

heterogenous

intracanal

mass

is

found

black

arrow

with

erosions

of

cortical

bone

and

several

osteocondensent

zones

white

circle

Enlargement

of

the

medullary

canal