Figure 4 (A) Peroperative placement of the osseomyocutaneous flap fixed to the premanufactured reconstruction plate and placed in the exact preplanned position at the recipient site. (B) The virtual preplanned position of the fibula graft. (C) Postoperative cone beam CT showing the accuracy of the fibula placement in accordance with the virtually preplanned position.

Figure

A

Peroperative

placement

of

the

osseomyocutaneous

flap

fixed

to

the

premanufactured

reconstruction

plate

and

placed

in

the

exact

preplanned

position

at

the

recipient

site

B

The

virtual

preplanned

position

of

the

fibula

graft

C

Postoperative

cone

beam

CT

showing

the

accuracy

of

the

fibula

placement

in

accordance

with

the

virtually

preplanned

position


Fig. 3 Images of Case 8. A: A computed tomogram (CT) at admission showing a right acute subdural hematoma with a mid-line shift. B: A single photon emission CT on Day 0 demonstrating a decrease in blood flow in the right hemisphere. C: A CT performed 6 hours after admission and immediately after hematoma removal. No apparent abnormality is demonstrated in the brain parenchyma and the mid-line shift improves. D: A CT on Day 2 showing no apparent cerebral infarction. E: A magnetic resonance (MR) image/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) on Day 4 showing high intensity lesions in the right frontal lobe, right basal ganglia, right occipital lobe, and the left frontal lobe. The cerebral infarction associates with brain swelling. F: An MR image/ diffusion weighted image on Day 4 demonstrated high intensity lesions in the right frontal lobe, right basal ganglia, right occipital lobe, and the left frontal lobe. G: An MR venogram on Day 4 showing scarce cortical veins in the right hemisphere (arrows).

Fig

Images

of

Case

A

A

computed

tomogram

CT

at

admission

showing

a

right

acute

subdural

hematoma

with

a

mid

line

shift

B

A

single

photon

emission

CT

on

Day

demonstrating

a

decrease

in

blood

flow

in

the

right

hemisphere

C

A

CT

performed

hours

after

admission

and

immediately

after

hematoma

removal

No

apparent

abnormality

is

demonstrated

in

the

brain

parenchyma

and

the

mid

line

shift

improves

D

A

CT

on

Day

showing

no

apparent

cerebral

infarction

E

A

magnetic

resonance

MR

image

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

on

Day

showing

high

intensity

lesions

in

the

right

frontal

lobe

right

basal

ganglia

right

occipital

lobe

and

the

left

frontal

lobe

The

cerebral

infarction

associates

with

brain

swelling

F

An

MR

image/

diffusion

weighted

image

on

Day

demonstrated

high

intensity

lesions

in

the

right

frontal

lobe

right

basal

ganglia

right

occipital

lobe

and

the

left

frontal

lobe

G

An

MR

venogram

on

Day

showing

scarce

cortical

veins

in

the

right

hemisphere

arrows


Fig. 3. Mucosal injury of the small intestine during capsule endoscopy. a: Petechiae b: Denuded area was defined as reddened area without villi.

Fig

Mucosal

injury

of

the

small

intestine

during

capsule

endoscopy

a

Petechiae

b

Denuded

area

was

defined

as

reddened

area

without

villi


Fig. 3. Representative 4.7 tesla in vivo MRI images of control (N-AL) mice on E18.5. Respiratory-gated spin-echo images were collected following intraperitoneal administration of the contrast agent. Transaxial image of murine placentas (A; arrows) and coronal image of murine fetuses (B; arrows) are shown. Enhancement of the chorionic plate preceded enhancement of the remainder of the placental parenchyma and occurred within 30 s of contrast agent injection in all 3 experimental groups.

Fig

Representative

tesla

in

vivo

MRI

images

of

control

N

AL

mice

on

Respiratory

gated

spin

echo

images

were

collected

following

intraperitoneal

administration

of

the

contrast

agent

Transaxial

image

of

murine

placentas

A

arrows

and

coronal

image

of

murine

fetuses

B

arrows

are

shown

Enhancement

of

the

chorionic

plate

preceded

enhancement

of

the

remainder

of

the

placental

parenchyma

and

occurred

within

s

of

contrast

agent

injection

in

all

experimental

groups


Fig. 2 a 47-year-old male with a PTMC lesion in whom conventional ultrasound examination showed a 7.8 mm× 6.8 mm× 4.3 mm hypoechoic nodule. b After PLA, CEUS revealed a hypoechoic area in the original area, along with some debris in the centre that presented as strong echoes, which demonstrated that the lesion had been completely ablated. c Six months after PLA, conventional ultrasound examination showed a 7.1 mm× 3.2 mm× 2.1 mm hyperechoic nodule. d Eighteen months after PLA, conventional ultrasound examination showed that the lesion had completely disappeared

Fig

a

old

male

with

a

PTMC

lesion

in

whom

conventional

ultrasound

examination

showed

a

mm×

mm×

mm

hypoechoic

nodule

b

After

PLA

CEUS

revealed

a

hypoechoic

area

in

the

original

area

along

with

some

debris

in

the

centre

that

presented

as

strong

echoes

which

demonstrated

that

the

lesion

had

been

completely

ablated

c

Six

months

after

PLA

conventional

ultrasound

examination

showed

a

mm×

mm×

mm

hyperechoic

nodule

d

Eighteen

months

after

PLA

conventional

ultrasound

examination

showed

that

the

lesion

had

completely

disappeared


Figure 3 Chest images at current admission. (A) Chest X-ray shows left pleural effusion; (B) chest CT shows left pleural effusion and mild cardiomegaly.

Figure

Chest

images

at

current

admission

A

Chest

X

ray

shows

left

pleural

effusion

B

chest

CT

shows

left

pleural

effusion

and

mild

cardiomegaly


Fig. 2 The huge abdominal mass shows mild 18F-FDG uptake on a the anterior maximum intensity projection image and b the coronal and c the axial PET/CT fusion image. d The axial PET/CT fusion image shows ascites (top arrow) and a right-sided pleural effusion (bottom arrow) without significant 18F-FDG uptake

Fig

The

huge

abdominal

mass

shows

mild

FDG

uptake

on

a

the

anterior

maximum

intensity

projection

image

and

b

the

coronal

and

c

the

axial

PET

CT

fusion

image

d

The

axial

PET

CT

fusion

image

shows

ascites

top

arrow

and

a

right

sided

pleural

effusion

bottom

arrow

without

significant

FDG

uptake


Figure 2 Immunohistochemical detection of RUNX3 expression on tissue samples. The procedure for immunohistochemical staining with anti-RUNX3 monoclonal antibody R3-6E9 was the same as that described by Ito et al. (2005). (a) H&E stain on normal epidermis; (b) corresponding RUNX3 expression in normal epidermis; (c) low-power view of a TMA punch including normal epidermis and BCC in the dermis; (d) high-power view showing a rim on normal epidermis (top) and the nodules of infiltrating BCC with strong, nuclear antibody expression.

Figure

Immunohistochemical

detection

of

expression

on

tissue

samples

The

procedure

for

immunohistochemical

staining

with

anti

monoclonal

antibody

was

the

same

as

that

described

by

Ito

et

al

a

H&E

stain

on

normal

epidermis

b

corresponding

expression

in

normal

epidermis

c

low

power

view

of

a

TMA

punch

including

normal

epidermis

and

BCC

in

the

dermis

d

high

power

view

showing

a

rim

on

normal

epidermis

top

and

the

nodules

of

infiltrating

BCC

with

strong

nuclear

antibody

expression


Fig. 3. SPECT imaging Coronal view of SPECT images obtained around the third ventricle in the brain of 17e18 month old tg-ArcSwe mice, 2 h post injection of A. [125I]pF(ab’)2-h158 and B. [125I]F(ab’)2h158. C. Coronal, sagittal and transverse images obtained from the frontal cortical area of the mouse injected with [125I]pF(ab’)2-h158 (same individual as in A). The cross-hair indicates the same position in all three views. Images were cropped to display only the mouse head.

Fig

SPECT

imaging

Coronal

view

of

SPECT

images

obtained

around

the

third

ventricle

in

the

brain

of

month

old

tg

ArcSwe

mice

h

post

injection

of

A.

and

B.

C.

Coronal

sagittal

and

transverse

images

obtained

from

the

frontal

cortical

area

of

the

mouse

injected

with

same

individual

as

in

A

The

cross

hair

indicates

the

same

position

in

all

three

views

Images

were

cropped

to

display

only

the

mouse

head


Fig. 3. Computed tomography (CT) images of the patient who experienced a local recurrence: (A) before treatment, (B) after treatment, and (C) after recurrence. CT image shows intermediate density lesion (arrow) adjacent to the left internal iliac vessels.

Fig

Computed

tomography

CT

images

of

the

patient

who

experienced

a

local

recurrence

A

before

treatment

B

after

treatment

and

C

after

recurrence

CT

image

shows

intermediate

density

lesion

arrow

adjacent

to

the

left

internal

iliac

vessels


Figure 1: Avascular osteonecrosis on proximal tibial epiphysis evidenced in rightknee magnetic resonance. Right-knee magnetic resonance images sagittal T2-weighted with fat suppression (A) and sagittal T1-weighted (B) showing bone marrow edema (arrowhead) in proximal tibial epiphysis and a mild line on T1-w image (arrow) suggestive of bone fracture related to avascular osteonecrosis.

Figure

Avascular

osteonecrosis

on

proximal

tibial

epiphysis

evidenced

in

rightknee

magnetic

resonance

Right

knee

magnetic

resonance

images

sagittal

with

fat

suppression

A

and

sagittal

B

showing

bone

marrow

edema

arrowhead

in

proximal

tibial

epiphysis

and

a

mild

line

on

image

arrow

suggestive

of

bone

fracture

related

to

avascular

osteonecrosis


Fig. 6. Dose distributions due to a 130 MeV proton pencil beam in the NCAT-head sphenoid region, superimposed on the corresponding CT axial slices (in gray scale). The proton range is reduced by 14 mm in the case of a filled nasal cavity (right) in comparison to the (planned) situation with an empty nasal cavity (left).

Fig

Dose

distributions

due

to

a

MeV

proton

pencil

beam

in

the

NCAT

head

sphenoid

region

superimposed

on

the

corresponding

CT

axial

slices

in

gray

scale

The

proton

range

is

reduced

by

mm

in

the

case

of

a

filled

nasal

cavity

right

in

comparison

to

the

planned

situation

with

an

empty

nasal

cavity

left


FIGURE 1. A 63-year-old female patient with a probably benign mass on conventional breast examinations. MRI showed a lobulated mass in the right breast (A). DCE-MRI showed an indeterminate plateau-type kinetic curve (B). The lesion showed high signal on DWI (C) and a small decrease in signal intensity on ADC map (D), ADC ¼ 1.50 Â 10 À3 mm 2 /s, suggestive of benign lesion. PET-MRI fusion showed increased 18 F-FDG uptake (E), suggestive of malignant lesion. Percutaneous biopsy was compatible with mucinous carcinoma. 18 F-FDG ¼ 18 F-fluoro-deoxi-glucose, ADC ¼ apparent diffusion coefficient, DCE-MRI ¼ dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, DWI ¼ diffusion-weighted imaging, PET-MRI ¼ positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

FIGURE

A

old

female

patient

with

a

probably

benign

mass

on

conventional

breast

examinations

MRI

showed

a

lobulated

mass

in

the

right

breast

A

DCE

MRI

showed

an

indeterminate

plateau

type

kinetic

curve

B

The

lesion

showed

high

signal

on

DWI

C

and

a

small

decrease

in

signal

intensity

on

ADC

map

D

ADC

¼

Â

À3

mm

/s

suggestive

of

benign

lesion

PET

MRI

fusion

showed

increased

F

FDG

uptake

E

suggestive

of

malignant

lesion

Percutaneous

biopsy

was

compatible

with

mucinous

carcinoma

F

FDG

¼

F

fluoro

deoxi

glucose

ADC

¼

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

DCE

MRI

¼

dynamic

contrast

enhanced

magnetic

resonance

imaging

DWI

¼

diffusion

weighted

imaging

PET

MRI

¼

positron

emission

tomography

and

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Fig. 1 Intraoperative views of the bony forehead after subperiosteal reflection of the forehead soft tissue using a coronal incision. a Lateral view. Note the severe boosing of the orbital rim with a supraorbital concavity of the forehead. The boosing was reduced by burring down into the diploe until the frontal sinus was shining through before augmentation of the supraorbiatal cavitation. b Lateral view with tremendous thinning of the anterior wall frontal sinus. c Cranial eccentric view

Fig

Intraoperative

views

of

the

bony

forehead

after

subperiosteal

reflection

of

the

forehead

soft

tissue

using

a

coronal

incision

a

Lateral

view

Note

the

severe

boosing

of

the

orbital

rim

with

a

supraorbital

concavity

of

the

forehead

The

boosing

was

reduced

by

burring

down

into

the

diploe

until

the

frontal

sinus

was

shining

through

before

augmentation

of

the

supraorbiatal

cavitation

b

Lateral

view

with

tremendous

thinning

of

the

anterior

wall

frontal

sinus

c

Cranial

eccentric

view


Fig 3. Comparison of two patients both imaged 1 hour after symptom onset with a proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and a Higashida score of 2 on source DSC MRI. Patient A had a left-sided stroke with NIHSS at admission of 12, an initial infarct volume of 3.8ml, perfusion deficit of 200ml on Tmax4s and 108ml on CBF with a CBF/Tmax4s volume ratio of 0.54. The final infarct size was 15.5ml. Patient B had a right-sided stroke with NIHSS at admission of 19, an initial infarct volume of 5.8ml, perfusion deficit of 87ml on Tmax4s and 84ml on CBF with a CBF/Tmax4s volume ratio of 0.96. The final infarct size was 208ml. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190811.g003

Fig

Comparison

of

two

patients

both

imaged

hour

after

symptom

onset

with

a

proximal

occlusion

of

the

middle

cerebral

artery

and

a

Higashida

score

of

on

source

DSC

MRI

Patient

A

had

a

left

sided

stroke

with

NIHSS

at

admission

of

an

initial

infarct

volume

of

perfusion

deficit

of

on

and

on

CBF

with

a

CBF

volume

ratio

of

The

final

infarct

size

was

Patient

B

had

a

right

sided

stroke

with

NIHSS

at

admission

of

an

initial

infarct

volume

of

perfusion

deficit

of

on

and

on

CBF

with

a

CBF

volume

ratio

of

The

final

infarct

size

was


Figure 1. (A) Chest computed tomography (CT) before bronchoscopy showed left pleural effusion and nodule shadows in an area adjacent to the descending aorta and directly under the pleura. (B) Chest CT after bronchoscopy showed a decreased amount of left pleural effusion.

Figure

A

Chest

computed

tomography

CT

before

bronchoscopy

showed

left

pleural

effusion

and

nodule

shadows

in

an

area

adjacent

to

the

descending

aorta

and

directly

under

the

pleura

B

Chest

CT

after

bronchoscopy

showed

a

decreased

amount

of

left

pleural

effusion


Figure 2 Diagnostic images at 48 hours after hospitalisation. (A) CT angiography of the neck demonstrating spontaneous recanalisation of the left carotid artery. (B) CT perfusion showing a compatible pattern with cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, as defined by increased CBV and CBF along with decreased MTT and reduced Tmax. CBF, cerebral blood flow; CBV, cerebral blood volume; MTT, mean transit time; Tmax, time to peak.

Figure

Diagnostic

images

at

hours

after

hospitalisation

A

CT

angiography

of

the

neck

demonstrating

spontaneous

recanalisation

of

the

left

carotid

artery

B

CT

perfusion

showing

a

compatible

pattern

with

cerebral

hyperperfusion

syndrome

as

defined

by

increased

CBV

and

CBF

along

with

decreased

MTT

and

reduced

Tmax

CBF

cerebral

blood

flow

CBV

cerebral

blood

volume

MTT

mean

transit

time

Tmax

time

to

peak


Fig. 4. Clavicle fracture (white arrows) of the left shoulder on X-ray (a) and on US (b: coronal view, c: sagittal view) with superiorproximal fragment (white star) and distal- inferior fragment (white asterisk). Normal dorsal part of the acromio-clavicular ligament (white arrowheads) on US (d: dorsal view).

Fig

Clavicle

fracture

white

arrows

of

the

left

shoulder

on

X

ray

a

and

on

US

b

coronal

view

c

sagittal

view

with

superiorproximal

fragment

white

star

and

distal-

inferior

fragment

white

asterisk

Normal

dorsal

part

of

the

acromio

clavicular

ligament

white

arrowheads

on

US

d

dorsal

view


Fig. 1 – Noncontrast coronal (A) and axial (B) computed tomography demonstrated a cystic mass (red circle) in the left parotid region with no surrounding fat stranding, lymphadenopathy, or bony erosion. No malignant features were demonstrated. The mass measured 8.0 × 5.2 × 6.5 cm.

Fig

Noncontrast

coronal

A

and

axial

B

computed

tomography

demonstrated

a

cystic

mass

red

circle

in

the

left

parotid

region

with

no

surrounding

fat

stranding

lymphadenopathy

or

bony

erosion

No

malignant

features

were

demonstrated

The

mass

measured

cm


Fig. 2 Serial computed tomography images of the left medial rectus muscle. a Computed tomography scan showing a normal left medial rectus muscle at 6 months before the first ophthalmological visit (Sep 2017). b Computed tomography scan showing enlargement of the left medial rectus muscle at 3 months before the first ophthalmological visit (Dec 2017). c Computed tomography scan of the left medical rectus muscle taken 10 days before the first ophthalmological visit (5 Mar 2018)

Fig

Serial

computed

tomography

images

of

the

left

medial

rectus

muscle

a

Computed

tomography

scan

showing

a

normal

left

medial

rectus

muscle

at

months

before

the

first

ophthalmological

visit

Sep

b

Computed

tomography

scan

showing

enlargement

of

the

left

medial

rectus

muscle

at

months

before

the

first

ophthalmological

visit

Dec

c

Computed

tomography

scan

of

the

left

medical

rectus

muscle

taken

days

before

the

first

ophthalmological

visit

Mar


Figure 1. Sternum fracture with involvement of the upper manubrium: oblique fracture – the higher lap belt injury. (A) Often caused by a lap belt injury in smaller car occupants the unstable fractures show severe dislocation with a gap in front of the upper mediastinum and instability of the shoulder girdle (Case 3). Often series of ribs are broken following the direction of the lap belt. (B) The oblique fracture had been stabilized by a transversal plate on the 1st pair of ribs, the adjacent ribs had been treated by costosternal plate (2nd rib) and plating (3rd rib). The second sternal fracture which involved the upper corpus sterni received a longitudinal plate. (C) the sagittal profile has been restored. (D) dislocated oblique manubrium fracture (Case 2). (E) reduction using compression wires (DePuySynthes, Switzerland) (F) fixation with the first of two transverse plates.

Figure

Sternum

fracture

with

involvement

of

the

upper

manubrium

oblique

fracture

the

higher

lap

belt

injury

A

Often

caused

by

a

lap

belt

injury

in

smaller

car

occupants

the

unstable

fractures

show

severe

dislocation

with

a

gap

in

front

of

the

upper

mediastinum

and

instability

of

the

shoulder

girdle

Case

Often

series

of

ribs

are

broken

following

the

direction

of

the

lap

belt

B

The

oblique

fracture

had

been

stabilized

by

a

transversal

plate

on

the

pair

of

ribs

the

adjacent

ribs

had

been

treated

by

costosternal

plate

rib

and

plating

rib

The

second

sternal

fracture

which

involved

the

upper

corpus

sterni

received

a

longitudinal

plate

C

the

sagittal

profile

has

been

restored

D

dislocated

oblique

manubrium

fracture

Case

E

reduction

using

compression

wires

DePuySynthes

Switzerland

F

fixation

with

the

first

of

two

transverse

plates


Figure 2. Macroscopic photographs of the midline sagittal section from a domestic shorthair cat (A: corresponding to Figure 1F) and a toy poodle (B: corresponding to Figure 1H) with GM2 gangliosidosis. The corpus callosum (arrowheads, although very pale in A), the rostral commissure (black arrow), and the fornix (white arrow) are grossly confirmed in both cases. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083455.g002

Figure

Macroscopic

photographs

of

the

midline

sagittal

section

from

a

domestic

shorthair

cat

A

corresponding

to

Figure

and

a

toy

poodle

B

corresponding

to

Figure

with

gangliosidosis

The

corpus

callosum

arrowheads

although

very

pale

in

A

the

rostral

commissure

black

arrow

and

the

fornix

white

arrow

are

grossly

confirmed

in

both

cases


FIGURE 2. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at week 8 showed a focal severe myelomalatic change between C5 and C6 level (A: sagittal, B: axial).

FIGURE

Follow

up

magnetic

resonance

imaging

at

week

showed

a

focal

severe

myelomalatic

change

between

and

level

A

sagittal

B

axial


Figure 1. Multidetector computed tomography images demonstrating SAT, VAT, periaortic fat, and pericardial fat

Figure

Multidetector

computed

tomography

images

demonstrating

SAT

VAT

periaortic

fat

and

pericardial

fat


Figure 1 MRI reveals symmetric area of T2-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity involving bilateral dentate nuclei and deep cerebellar white matter (white arrow in A and C and D) and bilateral superior olivary nuclei in dorsal pons (white arrow in B). The corresponding areas appearing hypointense on T1-weighted imaging (white arrow in E). No evidence of restricted diffusion seen on diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient map (F and G).

Figure

MRI

reveals

symmetric

area

of

imaging

and

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

hyperintensity

involving

bilateral

dentate

nuclei

and

deep

cerebellar

white

matter

white

arrow

in

A

and

C

and

D

and

bilateral

superior

olivary

nuclei

in

dorsal

pons

white

arrow

in

B

The

corresponding

areas

appearing

hypointense

on

imaging

white

arrow

in

E

No

evidence

of

restricted

diffusion

seen

on

diffusion

weighted

imaging

and

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

map

F

and

G


Fig. 1. Case presentation of circumferential minimally invasive surgery for degenerative scoliosis. Preoperative anteriorposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs shows coronal plane deformity on lumbar spine. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion at the L1–2, L2–3, L3–4, and L4–5 followed by percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation successfully restored coronal balance as well as the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine (C, D).

Fig

Case

presentation

of

circumferential

minimally

invasive

surgery

for

degenerative

scoliosis

Preoperative

anteriorposterior

A

and

lateral

B

radiographs

shows

coronal

plane

deformity

on

lumbar

spine

Lateral

lumbar

interbody

fusion

at

the

and

followed

by

percutaneous

pedicle

screw

instrumentation

successfully

restored

coronal

balance

as

well

as

the

lordotic

curvature

of

the

lumbar

spine

C

D


Figure 2: (A) Photograph of the 15-month-old patient with suboptimal cosmetic result caused by left secondary coronal synostosis. (B) Three-dimensional computed tomography scan of the skull demonstrating a new left unilateral coronal synostosis. (C) fast imaging with steady-state free precession (FISP) magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

Figure

A

Photograph

of

the

old

patient

with

suboptimal

cosmetic

result

caused

by

left

secondary

coronal

synostosis

B

Three

dimensional

computed

tomography

scan

of

the

skull

demonstrating

a

new

left

unilateral

coronal

synostosis

C

fast

imaging

with

steady

state

free

precession

FISP

magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

the

brain


Figure 2 A flat panel C-arm computerized tomography (CT) is performed. The C-arm CT is then used to select a needle path to the foramen rotundum using needle guidance software, and a lesion depth is calculated (A and B). The needle is then positioned in a bull’s eye approach targeting the selected depth, with a postpositioning CT performed to confirm the needle location prior to treatment, as depicted on this multiplanar reformatted CT image (C). A 3D reconstructed image displays the needle in position within the foramen rotundum (D).

Figure

A

flat

panel

C

arm

computerized

tomography

CT

is

performed

The

C

arm

CT

is

then

used

to

select

a

needle

path

to

the

foramen

rotundum

using

needle

guidance

software

and

a

lesion

depth

is

calculated

A

and

B

The

needle

is

then

positioned

in

a

bull

’s

eye

approach

targeting

the

selected

depth

with

a

postpositioning

CT

performed

to

confirm

the

needle

location

prior

to

treatment

as

depicted

on

this

multiplanar

reformatted

CT

image

C

A

reconstructed

image

displays

the

needle

in

position

within

the

foramen

rotundum

D


FIGURE 4 COG KO Golgi fragmentation phenotype is not related to glycosylation defects. Airyscan super-resolution microscopy of HEK293T and GALE, MGAT1, and COG4 KO cells was used to determine if the Golgi structure (marked by GM130[cis, green] and Rab6 [trans, red]) is affected in MGAT1 and GALE cells. Golgi of WT, MGAT1, and GALE KO cells is not fragmented, while COG4 KO cells demonstrate intense Golgi fragmentation. Nuclear DNA was stained with Hoechst (blue). Scale bar is 10 μm. Insert is 3× zoom

FIGURE

COG

KO

Golgi

fragmentation

phenotype

is

not

related

to

glycosylation

defects

Airyscan

super

resolution

microscopy

of

T

and

GALE

and

KO

cells

was

used

to

determine

if

the

Golgi

structure

marked

by

green

and

trans

red

is

affected

in

and

GALE

cells

Golgi

of

WT

and

GALE

KO

cells

is

not

fragmented

while

KO

cells

demonstrate

intense

Golgi

fragmentation

Nuclear

DNA

was

stained

with

Hoechst

blue

Scale

bar

is

μm

Insert

is

3×

zoom


Figure 6. Fiber bundles connecting pairs of clusters of the REST-IC4 component, as assessed by DWI, PAS, and deterministic tractography. For a clearer visualization, the fibers shown were tracked only within an exclusion mask, which was obtained as follows: first, a map, where each voxel value was set to the number of streamlines intersecting it, was computed; then, a sum of this map values over a 3-voxel cubic neighborhood was computed for each voxel; finally, the latter map was thresholded at a value of 15, and the fibers were then tracked. Top: 3D visualization of ICA clusters and connecting fiber bundles; cluster colors: yellow: PPar; red: DLP; green: VLP. Abbreviations as in Table 4. Bottom: Coronal sections showing the location of connecting tracts in the white matter of the left hemisphere. Subfigures A,B,C illustrate connections between different cluster pairs (see main text).

Figure

Fiber

bundles

connecting

pairs

of

clusters

of

the

REST

component

as

assessed

by

DWI

PAS

and

deterministic

tractography

For

a

clearer

visualization

the

fibers

shown

were

tracked

only

within

an

exclusion

mask

which

was

obtained

as

follows

first

a

map

where

each

voxel

value

was

set

to

the

number

of

streamlines

intersecting

it

was

computed

then

a

sum

of

this

map

values

over

a

cubic

neighborhood

was

computed

for

each

voxel

finally

the

latter

map

was

thresholded

at

a

value

of

and

the

fibers

were

then

tracked

Top

visualization

of

ICA

clusters

and

connecting

fiber

bundles

cluster

colors

yellow

PPar

red

DLP

green

VLP

Abbreviations

as

in

Table

Bottom

Coronal

sections

showing

the

location

of

connecting

tracts

in

the

white

matter

of

the

left

hemisphere

Subfigures

A

B

C

illustrate

connections

between

different

cluster

pairs

see

main

text


Fig 2. Positron emission tomographic scan images follozuing " F - 2-j7uoro-2-deoxy-~g~ucose administration in a typical normal subject (top images) and a typical patient with progressive supranuclear palsy (bottom images). Each is a horizontal section in a plane parallel t o and approximately 4 cm, level A (left images) or 8 cm, level F (right images) above the canthomeatal line. The front of the head is to the top of the inuge and the right of the head i s t o the right of the image. The color bar is the scale used t o indicate the rates of glucose utilization (mgl100 gmlmin) with the highest values at the top and lowest laluer rtt the bottom of the bar.

Fig

Positron

emission

tomographic

scan

images

follozuing

F

ucose

administration

in

a

typical

normal

subject

top

images

and

a

typical

patient

with

progressive

supranuclear

palsy

bottom

images

Each

is

a

horizontal

section

in

a

plane

parallel

t

o

and

approximately

cm

level

A

left

images

or

cm

level

F

right

images

above

the

canthomeatal

line

The

front

of

the

head

is

to

the

top

of

the

inuge

and

the

right

of

the

head

i

s

t

o

the

right

of

the

image

The

color

bar

is

the

scale

used

t

o

indicate

the

rates

of

glucose

utilization

gmlmin

with

the

highest

values

at

the

top

and

lowest

laluer

rtt

the

bottom

of

the

bar


FIGURE 5. GRPR PET/CT imaging at 4 h after injection of 64 Cu-CB-TE2A-AR-06 in 2 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer. (A-C) Patient with biopsy-proven prostate cancer: coronal sections of PET and fused PET/CT (A and B) and axial PET/CT fusion images at levels indicated by dotted lines in A (C). There is intense uptake by prostate tumor (arrows) and pancreas. (D and E) Correlation between in vivo PET and ex vivo autoradiography in another patient with prostate cancer who underwent surgery after PET/CT: transaxial fused PET/CT (D) and ex vivo GRP autoradiography demonstrating GRPR expression by tumor (E). (Reprinted with permission of (54).)

FIGURE

GRPR

PET

CT

imaging

at

h

after

injection

of

Cu

CB

in

patients

with

biopsy

proven

prostate

cancer

A

C

Patient

with

biopsy

proven

prostate

cancer

coronal

sections

of

PET

and

fused

PET

CT

A

and

B

and

axial

PET

CT

fusion

images

at

levels

indicated

by

dotted

lines

in

A

C

There

is

intense

uptake

by

prostate

tumor

arrows

and

pancreas

D

and

E

Correlation

between

in

vivo

PET

and

ex

vivo

autoradiography

in

another

patient

with

prostate

cancer

who

underwent

surgery

after

PET

CT

transaxial

fused

PET

CT

D

and

ex

vivo

GRP

autoradiography

demonstrating

GRPR

expression

by

tumor

E

Reprinted

with

permission

of


Fig. 3. FAPP2 depletion induces morphological changes in the apical lumen of cysts. (A) The transepithelial resistance (TER, graph) was determined in filter-grown cells as described in Materials and Methods. The cells were seeded on polycarbonate filters for 4 days. The black column corresponds to control, and the white column corresponds to KD cells. Data are means Ϯ SE of three separate experiments. (B-E) KD and control cells were suspended in Matrigel and cultured in the matrix for 4 -7 days. The cysts were fixed and processed. Confocal sections passing through the middle of each cyst are shown. Whereas Ͼ60% of the KD cells (C) had formed cysts with a collapsed apical lumen, as visualized by actin staining with TRITC-phalloidin (red) and nuclear staining with DAPI (blue), only 20% of control cells (B) displayed a collapsed lumen. Apical (podocalyxin, red) and basolateral (gp58, green) distribution in control (D) and FAPP2-KD (E) cells is shown. (Scale bars, 10 m.)

Fig

depletion

induces

morphological

changes

in

the

apical

lumen

of

cysts

A

The

transepithelial

resistance

TER

graph

was

determined

in

filter

grown

cells

as

described

in

Materials

and

Methods

The

cells

were

seeded

on

polycarbonate

filters

for

days

The

black

column

corresponds

to

control

and

the

white

column

corresponds

to

KD

cells

Data

are

means

Ϯ

SE

of

three

separate

experiments

B

E

KD

and

control

cells

were

suspended

in

Matrigel

and

cultured

in

the

matrix

for

days

The

cysts

were

fixed

and

processed

Confocal

sections

passing

through

the

middle

of

each

cyst

are

shown

Whereas

of

the

KD

cells

C

had

formed

cysts

with

a

collapsed

apical

lumen

as

visualized

by

actin

staining

with

TRITC

phalloidin

red

and

nuclear

staining

with

DAPI

blue

only

of

control

cells

B

displayed

a

collapsed

lumen

Apical

podocalyxin

red

and

basolateral

green

distribution

in

control

D

and

E

cells

is

shown

Scale

bars

m.


Figure 1. The clinical case is illustrated. (A) Results of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in T2-weighted sequences performed on June 2013 (1) and on February 2014 after brain biopsy (2), showing global white and gray matter atrophy and periventricular hypersignals. Brain MRI performed on September 2014 (3) showed no progression in brain atrophy or increasing in periventricular hypersignals. (B) Results of brain biopsy showing the following: (1) microglial nodules (arrow) and perivascular infiltrates (arrow heads) in the cortex and white matter (hematoxylin and eosin stain, bar = 100 μm); (2) IBA1 immunohistochemistry confirming diffuse microglial activation (WAKO rabbit polyclonal anti-IBA1, 1:500) (bar = 100 μm). Perivascular cuffs of mononuclear cells include T lymphocytes (3) CD3 + (Ventana monoclonal rabbit antibody 1:500) and (4) CD8 + (FLEX ready-to-use monoclonal mouse antibody) (bar = 50 μm). There is no feature of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Figure

The

clinical

case

is

illustrated

A

Results

of

brain

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

in

sequences

performed

on

June

and

on

February

after

brain

biopsy

showing

global

white

and

gray

matter

atrophy

and

periventricular

hypersignals

Brain

MRI

performed

on

September

showed

no

progression

in

brain

atrophy

or

increasing

in

periventricular

hypersignals

B

Results

of

brain

biopsy

showing

the

following

microglial

nodules

arrow

and

perivascular

infiltrates

arrow

heads

in

the

cortex

and

white

matter

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

bar

μm

immunohistochemistry

confirming

diffuse

microglial

activation

WAKO

rabbit

polyclonal

anti

bar

μm

Perivascular

cuffs

of

mononuclear

cells

include

T

lymphocytes

Ventana

monoclonal

rabbit

antibody

and

FLEX

ready

to

use

monoclonal

mouse

antibody

bar

μm

There

is

no

feature

of

Creutzfeldt

Jakob

disease


FIG. 4. Spin·echo images and signal intensity profiles from the cat brain obtained using circumscribing coil (a) and combined circumscribing coil/surface coil (b) arrangements for the superficial Region 1. The data were acquired using a repetition time (TR) of 2 s and spin-echo time (TE) of 71.8 ms for (a) and a TR of 2 s and TE of 23.6 ms for (b). In addition, 128 phase-encoding steps, each with two averages, were acquired. The approximate depth of the lesion for an equivalent slice that was obtained in the image was determined from histological studies following the experiment.

FIG

Spin·echo

images

and

signal

intensity

profiles

from

the

cat

brain

obtained

using

circumscribing

coil

a

and

combined

circumscribing

coil

surface

coil

b

arrangements

for

the

superficial

Region

The

data

were

acquired

using

a

repetition

time

TR

of

s

and

spin

echo

time

TE

of

ms

for

a

and

a

TR

of

s

and

TE

of

ms

for

b

In

addition

phase

encoding

steps

each

with

two

averages

were

acquired

The

approximate

depth

of

the

lesion

for

an

equivalent

slice

that

was

obtained

in

the

image

was

determined

from

histological

studies

following

the

experiment


FIGURE 5 PEG sections in stage 23 chick embryo, Hamburger and Hamilton (4 d of incubation [32]). Ng-CAM and NC-1 epitope immunolabeling. Sections in A and D are stained with rabbit anti-Ng-CAM IgG; in B and E they are stained with NC-1; in C and F they are seen by phase contrast. (A-C) Views of the same transverse section at the 15th somite level. NC-1 (B) reacts with the dorsal root and sympathetic ganglion rudiment. Ng-CAM (A) is still found as a thin band on the ventral side of the neural tube and on all motor neuron fibers. The dorsal root and sympathetic cells are devoid of Ng-CAM, a few fibers ascending to the dorsal root ganglion are visible. (D-F) Views of the same section in rhombencephalon: the first fibers emerging from the metencephalon are stained for Ng-CAM (D). A similar pattern is obtained with NC-1 (E). Note however, that more cell bodies are stained with the latter, ao, aorta; drg, dorsal root ganglion; my, myotome; n, notochord; nt, neural tube; sg, sympathetic ganglion. Bar, 40/~m. (A-C) x 215; (D-F) x 290.

FIGURE

PEG

sections

in

stage

chick

embryo

Hamburger

and

Hamilton

d

of

incubation

Ng

CAM

and

epitope

immunolabeling

Sections

in

A

and

D

are

stained

with

rabbit

anti

Ng

CAM

IgG

in

B

and

E

they

are

stained

with

in

C

and

F

they

are

seen

by

phase

contrast

A

C

Views

of

the

same

transverse

section

at

the

somite

level

B

reacts

with

the

dorsal

root

and

sympathetic

ganglion

rudiment

Ng

CAM

A

is

still

found

as

a

thin

band

on

the

ventral

side

of

the

neural

tube

and

on

all

motor

neuron

fibers

The

dorsal

root

and

sympathetic

cells

are

devoid

of

Ng

CAM

a

few

fibers

ascending

to

the

dorsal

root

ganglion

are

visible

D

F

Views

of

the

same

section

in

rhombencephalon

the

first

fibers

emerging

from

the

metencephalon

are

stained

for

Ng

CAM

D

A

similar

pattern

is

obtained

with

E

Note

however

that

more

cell

bodies

are

stained

with

the

latter

ao

aorta

drg

dorsal

root

ganglion

my

myotome

n

notochord

nt

neural

tube

sg

sympathetic

ganglion

Bar

A

C

x

D

F

x


Fig. 3 A 57-year-old man referred for workup of a solitary pulmonary mass (patient 5). FDG-PET/CT images showed a right subpleural consolidation with the rim sign (a, axial PET; b, axial fusion, arrow). MDCT confirmed acute pulmonary embolism (c, arrow) showing an adjacent subsegmental pulmonary embolism. Note the absence of any suggestive signs of pulmonary infarction on MDCT. Patient follow-up confirmed the absence of associated lung tumor

Fig

A

old

man

referred

for

workup

of

a

solitary

pulmonary

mass

patient

FDG

PET

CT

images

showed

a

right

subpleural

consolidation

with

the

rim

sign

a

axial

PET

b

axial

fusion

arrow

MDCT

confirmed

acute

pulmonary

embolism

c

arrow

showing

an

adjacent

subsegmental

pulmonary

embolism

Note

the

absence

of

any

suggestive

signs

of

pulmonary

infarction

on

MDCT

Patient

follow

up

confirmed

the

absence

of

associated

lung

tumor


Figure 4: PET scan of the brain showing no hypermetabolic lesions in the brain to suggest lymphoma. Hypometabolism is seen in the right frontal operculum and left frontal vertex. There is a larger area of subtle asymmetric decreased FDG activity seen in posterior left frontal lobe and left parietal lobe.

Figure

PET

scan

of

the

brain

showing

no

hypermetabolic

lesions

in

the

brain

to

suggest

lymphoma

Hypometabolism

is

seen

in

the

right

frontal

operculum

and

left

frontal

vertex

There

is

a

larger

area

of

subtle

asymmetric

decreased

FDG

activity

seen

in

posterior

left

frontal

lobe

and

left

parietal

lobe


FIG. 4. Immunolocalization of RGS9 in bovine retina by monoclonal antibody. (A) RGS9 immunoblot showing labeling of RGS9 from bovine ROS and full-length and truncated forms of bacterially expressed RGS9. ROS, bovine ROS (20 mg rhodopsin). Lane 1, His-RGS9 (delta30N, 0.6 mg) corresponding to aa 31–484. Lane 2, His-RGS9c (0.6 mg) corresponding to aa 226–484. Lane 3, His-RGS9d (0.6 mg) corresponding to aa 291–418. (B–D) Confocal immunolocalization. RGS9 immunolabeling (B and C) is present in rod and cone photoreceptors. These sensory neurons extend from the outer segment layer (OS) to the outer plexiform layer (OPL) where their axons terminate. Antibody labeling is more prominent in the cones, whose cell soma are adjacent to the IS layer, in the outer most tier of the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Antibody labeling was not observed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), or ganglion cell layer (GCL). At higher magnification (C), the subcellular distribution of RGS9 in rods and cones is demonstrated. Cone OS are heavily labeled (arrowheads), whereas rod OS (}) are less intensely labeled. Rod and cone IS are also RGS9 immunopositive, although labeling is more pronounced in the cones. Cone photoreceptors terminate in the OPL where their axons form synaptic terminals. Cone axons and synaptic terminals (arrow) are positive for RGS9. (D) RGS9 immunolabeling is abolished by preadsorbing the antibody with purified RGS9 protein coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose. Scale bars are 50 mm in B and D and 20 mm in C.

FIG

Immunolocalization

of

in

bovine

retina

by

monoclonal

antibody

A

immunoblot

showing

labeling

of

from

bovine

ROS

and

full

length

and

truncated

forms

of

bacterially

expressed

ROS

bovine

ROS

mg

rhodopsin

Lane

His

mg

corresponding

to

aa

Lane

His

mg

corresponding

to

aa

Lane

His

mg

corresponding

to

aa

B

D

Confocal

immunolocalization

immunolabeling

B

and

C

is

present

in

rod

and

cone

photoreceptors

These

sensory

neurons

extend

from

the

outer

segment

layer

OS

to

the

outer

plexiform

layer

OPL

where

their

axons

terminate

Antibody

labeling

is

more

prominent

in

the

cones

whose

cell

soma

are

adjacent

to

the

IS

layer

in

the

outer

most

tier

of

the

outer

nuclear

layer

ONL

Antibody

labeling

was

not

observed

in

the

inner

nuclear

layer

INL

inner

plexiform

layer

IPL

or

ganglion

cell

layer

GCL

At

higher

magnification

C

the

subcellular

distribution

of

in

rods

and

cones

is

demonstrated

Cone

OS

are

heavily

labeled

arrowheads

whereas

rod

OS

are

less

intensely

labeled

Rod

and

cone

IS

are

also

immunopositive

although

labeling

is

more

pronounced

in

the

cones

Cone

photoreceptors

terminate

in

the

OPL

where

their

axons

form

synaptic

terminals

Cone

axons

and

synaptic

terminals

arrow

are

positive

for

D

immunolabeling

is

abolished

by

preadsorbing

the

antibody

with

purified

protein

coupled

to

CNBr

activated

Sepharose

Scale

bars

are

mm

in

B

and

D

and

mm

in

C.


Figure 2. Microscopy of the pitviper infrared receptor organ. (A–D) Scanning electron micrographs of the papillae of Bothropoides jararaca. (A) General view and (B) higher magnification of the base of the papillae, focusing on the transition from the flat epithelium (*) to the domed epithelium (de) that lines the duct and bottom of the inner chamber. (C, D) High magnification of the surface of the (C) papilla and (D) pit membrane. Note the cell limits (CL) and micropits (arrows). (E, F) Light micrographs of Bothrops asper. (E) Longitudinal section of one papilla (pa) and part of the inner chamber showing epithelial domes (arrows). (F) Transverse section of two papillae. Note the epithelial cells (ep) and large blood vessels (v) running within the internal connective tissue (ct). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090622.g002

Figure

Microscopy

of

the

pitviper

infrared

receptor

organ

A

D

Scanning

electron

micrographs

of

the

papillae

of

Bothropoides

jararaca

A

General

view

and

B

higher

magnification

of

the

base

of

the

papillae

focusing

on

the

transition

from

the

flat

epithelium

to

the

domed

epithelium

de

that

lines

the

duct

and

bottom

of

the

inner

chamber

C

D

High

magnification

of

the

surface

of

the

C

papilla

and

D

pit

membrane

Note

the

cell

limits

CL

and

micropits

arrows

E

F

Light

micrographs

of

Bothrops

asper

E

Longitudinal

section

of

one

papilla

pa

and

part

of

the

inner

chamber

showing

epithelial

domes

arrows

F

Transverse

section

of

two

papillae

Note

the

epithelial

cells

ep

and

large

blood

vessels

v

running

within

the

internal

connective

tissue

ct


Figure 5 Representative computed tomography findings in case no. 15 after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) HCC recurrence: (a) 2.5 years before DAA treatment; (b) after RFA therapy; (c) at the time of sofosbuvir + ribavirin (SOF + RBV) treatment; and (d) 8 and (f ) 19 months after DAA treatment. Red arrows, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (e) Abdominal angiography 8 months after DAA treatment. HCC was observed 2.5 years before DAA treatment (a) and was completely cured by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy (b). SOF + RBV was administered for 3 months (c). Tiny HCCs were observed 8 months after DAA treatment (d), and hepatic arteriography showed multiple tumors with des-gamma-carboxy pro-thrombin (DCP) elevation (e). HCC was uncontrollable despite many treatments (f ). AFP, alpha fetoprotein.

Figure

Representative

computed

tomography

findings

in

case

no

after

direct

acting

antiviral

DAA

HCC

recurrence

a

years

before

DAA

treatment

b

after

RFA

therapy

c

at

the

time

of

sofosbuvir

ribavirin

SOF

RBV

treatment

and

d

and

f

months

after

DAA

treatment

Red

arrows

hepatocellular

carcinoma

HCC

e

Abdominal

angiography

months

after

DAA

treatment

HCC

was

observed

years

before

DAA

treatment

a

and

was

completely

cured

by

radiofrequency

ablation

RFA

therapy

b

SOF

RBV

was

administered

for

months

c

Tiny

HCCs

were

observed

months

after

DAA

treatment

d

and

hepatic

arteriography

showed

multiple

tumors

with

des

gamma

carboxy

pro

thrombin

DCP

elevation

e

HCC

was

uncontrollable

despite

many

treatments

f

AFP

alpha

fetoprotein


Figure 2: MRI brain—bilateral centrum semiovale infarcts. Corresponding abnormalities in the centrum semiovale bilaterally consistent with acute infarction.

Figure

MRI

brain

bilateral

centrum

semiovale

infarcts

Corresponding

abnormalities

in

the

centrum

semiovale

bilaterally

consistent

with

acute

infarction


Fig. 3a and b]. Computerized Tomography (CT) of the head and orbit demonstrated a homogenously enhancing soft tissue mass of the right orbit, approximately 22 mm cranio-caudally, 31 mm antero- posteriorly, 16 mm transversely in size, causing external compression over right globe with remodelling of anterior orbital rim of lateral wall and displacement of superior and lateral rectus [Fig. 4].

Fig

and

b

Computerized

Tomography

CT

of

the

head

and

orbit

demonstrated

a

homogenously

enhancing

soft

tissue

mass

of

the

right

orbit

approximately

mm

cranio

caudally

mm

antero-

posteriorly

mm

transversely

in

size

causing

external

compression

over

right

globe

with

remodelling

of

anterior

orbital

rim

of

lateral

wall

and

displacement

of

superior

and

lateral

rectus

Fig


Figure 1. Time series of axial DCE-MRI for FUS-induced BBB-D in brain tumors before and after Gd-DTPA administration. Relative to the control tumor in the left hemispheres, rat 1 and rat 2 show serial contrast changes in the right sonicated brain tumors (arrows) 20 min and 24 h after sonication, respectively. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092910.g001

Figure

Time

series

of

axial

DCE

MRI

for

FUS

induced

BBB

D

in

brain

tumors

before

and

after

Gd

DTPA

administration

Relative

to

the

control

tumor

in

the

left

hemispheres

rat

and

rat

show

serial

contrast

changes

in

the

right

sonicated

brain

tumors

arrows

min

and

h

after

sonication

respectively


Fig. 1. TIRF imaging of actin networks and their reorganization in the cortex of Dictyostelium cells. (A) Illumination at a high incidence angle (blue) generates an evanescent field that illuminates the cortical actin network of 100 -200-nm thickness (green). Molecules diffusing in the cytoplasm are illuminated only for the fraction of time they persist within the evanescent field, a period that is prolonged by incorporation into the cytoskeleton (red double arrows). (B) TIRF image of the actin network visualized by LimE⌬coil-GFP in a cell immobilized by tight compression under an agar sheet, taken at an exposure time of 100 msec. (C) Two-dimensional color space where I t indicates color coding of the gray scale for the first frame (green) and I t ϩ 1 indicates color coding of the gray scale for the second frame (red). Mixed colors (yellow tones) represent structures that persist from the first frame to the second frame with constant or slightly varying fluorescence intensity. (D) Superposition of two TIRF images of the cell shown in B, recorded at a 500-msec interval and color-coded as in C. Areas of very densely packed actin filaments with fluorescence intensities beyond the linear range of the 0 -255 gray scale are left uncolored. (E-G) gain fi in a TIRF image series recorded at 100-msec intervals. (E) Snapshot at the beginning of the series. (F) gain fi during a period of 200 msec obtained by image subtraction, colored in red. (G) gain fi obtained by subtracting 20 consecutive frames from each other, presented as a maximum projection over the period of 2 sec. The gray and color bars indicate contrast enhancement. (Scale bars: 5 m.)

Fig

TIRF

imaging

of

actin

networks

and

their

reorganization

in

the

cortex

of

Dictyostelium

cells

A

Illumination

at

a

high

incidence

angle

blue

generates

an

evanescent

field

that

illuminates

the

cortical

actin

network

of

thickness

green

Molecules

diffusing

in

the

cytoplasm

are

illuminated

only

for

the

fraction

of

time

they

persist

within

the

evanescent

field

a

period

that

is

prolonged

by

incorporation

into

the

cytoskeleton

red

double

arrows

B

TIRF

image

of

the

actin

network

visualized

by

LimE

coil

GFP

in

a

cell

immobilized

by

tight

compression

under

an

agar

sheet

taken

at

an

exposure

time

of

msec

C

Two

dimensional

color

space

where

I

t

indicates

color

coding

of

the

gray

scale

for

the

first

frame

green

and

I

t

ϩ

indicates

color

coding

of

the

gray

scale

for

the

second

frame

red

Mixed

colors

yellow

tones

represent

structures

that

persist

from

the

first

frame

to

the

second

frame

with

constant

or

slightly

varying

fluorescence

intensity

D

Superposition

of

two

TIRF

images

of

the

cell

shown

in

B

recorded

at

a

interval

and

color

coded

as

in

C.

Areas

of

very

densely

packed

actin

filaments

with

fluorescence

intensities

beyond

the

linear

range

of

the

gray

scale

are

left

uncolored

E

G

gain

fi

in

a

TIRF

image

series

recorded

at

intervals

E

Snapshot

at

the

beginning

of

the

series

F

gain

fi

during

a

period

of

msec

obtained

by

image

subtraction

colored

in

red

G

gain

fi

obtained

by

subtracting

consecutive

frames

from

each

other

presented

as

a

maximum

projection

over

the

period

of

sec

The

gray

and

color

bars

indicate

contrast

enhancement

Scale

bars

m.


Figure 1. Thoracic CT showing oesophagus dilatation in the zone above the vascular ring compression and the vascular ring.

Figure

Thoracic

CT

showing

oesophagus

dilatation

in

the

zone

above

the

vascular

ring

compression

and

the

vascular

ring


Fig. 5 Eight-month follow-up MRI of the right knee (a–d) and left knee (e–h) with sagittal proton-density (a, e), sagittal T2-weighted spectral attenuated inversion recovery (b, f), oronal proton-density slices (c, g), and magnified axial proton-density views of the patellae (d, h) shown. The dorsal patellar defects are still present, but the surrounding bone marrow edema has decreased considerably (b, f) compared to

Fig

Eight

month

follow

up

MRI

of

the

right

knee

a

d

and

left

knee

e

h

with

sagittal

proton

density

a

e

sagittal

spectral

attenuated

inversion

recovery

b

f

oronal

proton

density

slices

c

g

and

magnified

axial

proton

density

views

of

the

patellae

d

h

shown

The

dorsal

patellar

defects

are

still

present

but

the

surrounding

bone

marrow

edema

has

decreased

considerably

b

f

compared

to


FIGURE 6. Fundus imaging of CTRL (A) and LIRD (B) Long Evans rats that received intravitreal injection of H-800CW in the superior limbus. A representative IR fundus image (C) coplanar to ICG fluorescent images (A, B) is included to show that fluorescence was located deep within the retina, but anterior to the choroidal vessels.

FIGURE

Fundus

imaging

of

CTRL

A

and

LIRD

B

Long

Evans

rats

that

received

intravitreal

injection

of

in

the

superior

limbus

A

representative

IR

fundus

image

C

coplanar

to

ICG

fluorescent

images

A

B

is

included

to

show

that

fluorescence

was

located

deep

within

the

retina

but

anterior

to

the

choroidal

vessels


Figure 2. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse and homogeneous opacification with air-bronchograms, which was prominent in the dependent portions of the whole lungs.

Figure

Chest

computed

tomography

showed

diffuse

and

homogeneous

opacification

with

air

bronchograms

which

was

prominent

in

the

dependent

portions

of

the

whole

lungs


FIGURE 3: Most P-body components are not nucleocytoplasmic proteins. (A) Fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells treated with LMB for 5 h (+LMB) or with methanol as a control (−LMB) stained with antibodies against P-body components as indicated, including 4E-T, Dcp1a, rck/p54, Edc3, Ge-1, and Xrn1. Scale bar, 10 μm. (B) Graph of % of cells containing indicated numbers of P-bodies in the presence (+) or absence (−) of LMB, as seen with α-rck/p54.

FIGURE

Most

P

body

components

are

not

nucleocytoplasmic

proteins

A

Fluorescence

imaging

of

HeLa

cells

treated

with

LMB

for

h

LMB

or

with

methanol

as

a

control

−LMB

stained

with

antibodies

against

P

body

components

as

indicated

including

T

rck

and

Scale

bar

μm

B

Graph

of

of

cells

containing

indicated

numbers

of

P

bodies

in

the

presence

or

absence

of

LMB

as

seen

with

α

rck


Fig. 3. Defects in the cardiac outflow tract of GATA4 ϩ/Ϫ ͞6 ϩ/Ϫ embryos. (A and B) India ink was injected into the left ventricle of beating hearts of WT (A) and GATA4 ϩ/Ϫ ͞6 ϩ/Ϫ (B) embryos at E12.5. The atria were removed, and the right lateral views of the heart and great vessels are shown. (C and D) Transverse sections of WT and GATA4 ϩ/Ϫ ͞6 ϩ/Ϫ mutants at E12.5 displaying incomplete septation between the outflow tract and the pulmonary trunk. aao, ascending aorta, dao, descending aorta; pt, pulmonary trunk; pta, persistent truncus arteriosis; rv, right ventricle.

Fig

Defects

in

the

cardiac

outflow

tract

of

ϩ/Ϫ

͞6

ϩ/Ϫ

embryos

A

and

B

India

ink

was

injected

into

the

left

ventricle

of

beating

hearts

of

WT

A

and

ϩ/Ϫ

͞6

ϩ/Ϫ

B

embryos

at

The

atria

were

removed

and

the

right

lateral

views

of

the

heart

and

great

vessels

are

shown

C

and

D

Transverse

sections

of

WT

and

ϩ/Ϫ

͞6

ϩ/Ϫ

mutants

at

displaying

incomplete

septation

between

the

outflow

tract

and

the

pulmonary

trunk

aao

ascending

aorta

dao

descending

aorta

pt

pulmonary

trunk

pta

persistent

truncus

arteriosis

rv

right

ventricle


Figure 2. Both DWIBS (a and b) and contrast CT (c) showing artery inflammation of the left subclavian artery. DWIBS: diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression

Figure

Both

DWIBS

a

and

b

and

contrast

CT

c

showing

artery

inflammation

of

the

left

subclavian

artery

DWIBS

diffusion

weighted

whole

body

imaging

with

background

body

signal

suppression


Figure 1. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography images of a patient with supero-temporal branch retinal vein occlusion: deep retinal plexus before dexamethasone implant (panel A) showing areas of telangiectatic vessels (red squares) and after dexamethasone implant (panel B), showing vessel caliber reduction (green squares).

Figure

Optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

angiography

images

of

a

patient

with

supero

temporal

branch

retinal

vein

occlusion

deep

retinal

plexus

before

dexamethasone

implant

panel

A

showing

areas

of

telangiectatic

vessels

red

squares

and

after

dexamethasone

implant

panel

B

showing

vessel

caliber

reduction

green

squares


Figure 6. Example images from nuclear perfusion testing suggesting anteroseptal ischemia (arrows). The top row of images are stress images and the bottom are rest images (displayed left to right: short axis apex to base (a-c), horizontal long axis (d) and vertical long axis (e)).

Figure

Example

images

from

nuclear

perfusion

testing

suggesting

anteroseptal

ischemia

arrows

The

top

row

of

images

are

stress

images

and

the

bottom

are

rest

images

displayed

left

to

right

short

axis

apex

to

base

a

c

horizontal

long

axis

d

and

vertical

long

axis

e


Fig. 8 In a 69-year-old woman with advanced carcinoma of the gastric body, palliative total gastrectomy was performed. Five days after surgery, CF (A) showed patent EJS with opacification of extensive anastomotic leakage (*). A few days later, on conservative management, contrastenhanced CT (B-D) showed bilateral pleural effusions and atelectasis (B), patent EJS (arrowheads) and persistent leak (*)

Fig

In

a

old

woman

with

advanced

carcinoma

of

the

gastric

body

palliative

total

gastrectomy

was

performed

Five

days

after

surgery

CF

A

showed

patent

EJS

with

opacification

of

extensive

anastomotic

leakage

A

few

days

later

on

conservative

management

contrastenhanced

CT

B

D

showed

bilateral

pleural

effusions

and

atelectasis

B

patent

EJS

arrowheads

and

persistent

leak


Figure 6. Axial (a) and coronal (b) contrast enhanced MDCT images in the arterial phase demonstrate a nodular mass of the jejunum (white circles). This GIST presents heterogeneous contrast enhancement, irregular margins and size < 5 cm. Just above, there is a diffuse reticular thickening of mesenteric adipose tissue (a, white arrow), suggestive for multiple serosal-based nodules. Furthermore coronal (b) contrast-enhanced MDCT image shows a hypovascular liver metastasis (white arrow)

Figure

Axial

a

and

coronal

b

contrast

enhanced

MDCT

images

in

the

arterial

phase

demonstrate

a

nodular

mass

of

the

jejunum

white

circles

This

GIST

presents

heterogeneous

contrast

enhancement

irregular

margins

and

size

cm

Just

above

there

is

a

diffuse

reticular

thickening

of

mesenteric

adipose

tissue

a

white

arrow

suggestive

for

multiple

serosal

based

nodules

Furthermore

coronal

b

contrast

enhanced

MDCT

image

shows

a

hypovascular

liver

metastasis

white

arrow


Fig. 1. Preoperative whole-body positron emission tomography findings suggest lung cancer in the right lower lobe, and bone metastases in the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies.

Fig

Preoperative

whole

body

positron

emission

tomography

findings

suggest

lung

cancer

in

the

right

lower

lobe

and

bone

metastases

in

the

and

vertebral

bodies


Figure 1. Thin capped fibroatheroma (TCFA) with rupture and without rupture in a patient with acute myocardial infarction. A1, B1, C1 -Culprit lesion in right coronary artery (RCA). (A1) Coronary angiogram shows a severe stenosis with haziness in the middle of the RCA. Optical coherence tomography (B1, C1) reveals ruptured plaque; the thinnest part measures 50 µm. Serum CRP and IL-6 in this patient were 1.23 mg/l and 12.3 pg/dl respectively. A2, B2, C2 -Culprit lesion in RCA in a patient with unstable angina pectoris. (A2) Angiographic finding in culprit lesion in a patient with unstable angina pectoris. Severe stenosis in distal RCA was observed. Optical coherence tomography (B2, C2) in culprit lesion shows a large lipid-rich (* * ) plaque covered by a thin fibrous cap (thinnest part 60 µm). Minimum lumen area is 1.6 mm 2 . Peripheral blood level of CRP and IL-6 is 0.47 mg/l and 3.42 pg/dl respectively

Figure

Thin

capped

fibroatheroma

TCFA

with

rupture

and

without

rupture

in

a

patient

with

acute

myocardial

infarction

-Culprit

lesion

in

right

coronary

artery

RCA

Coronary

angiogram

shows

a

severe

stenosis

with

haziness

in

the

middle

of

the

RCA

Optical

coherence

tomography

reveals

ruptured

plaque

the

thinnest

part

measures

µm

Serum

CRP

and

in

this

patient

were

mg

l

and

pg

dl

respectively

-Culprit

lesion

in

RCA

in

a

patient

with

unstable

angina

pectoris

Angiographic

finding

in

culprit

lesion

in

a

patient

with

unstable

angina

pectoris

Severe

stenosis

in

distal

RCA

was

observed

Optical

coherence

tomography

in

culprit

lesion

shows

a

large

lipid

rich

plaque

covered

by

a

thin

fibrous

cap

thinnest

part

µm

Minimum

lumen

area

is

mm

Peripheral

blood

level

of

CRP

and

is

mg

l

and

pg

dl

respectively


Fig. 1. Dog 5 of PH group. (A) Dorsal contrast-enhanced multiplanar reformatted CT image of the abdomen. There are multiple hepatic neoformations (asterisks) ipoattenuating to hepatic parenchyma, periportal lymph nodes enlargement (lf) and no abdominal effusion. (B,C,D,E) Three-dimensional volume rendered image of the portal vein (p) and caudal vena cava (CVC) – ventral views. Two large vessels (empty and full arrowheads) originate respectively from the pancreaticoduodenal vein (pd) and from splenic vein (sv), run caudally and join in a single vessel draining into the caudal vena cava at level of right gonadal vein (rg). (B) whole portal vein, ventral view; (C) detail of the entire PSS from its double portal origin to its caval termination; (D) detail of origins of the anomalous vessels from pancreaticoduodenal vein (empty arrowhead) and splenic vein (full arrowhead); (E) detail of connection (arrow) of the two shunts in one vessel which enters caudal vena cava at level of right gonadal vein. These vessels appeared suggestive of APSS because they were associated with a visible cause of PH (diffuse hepatic neoplasia) and other classical APSS (see Fig. 5). The absence of ascites could be explained by a complete effectiveness of these APSS in alleviating portal pressure. LK, left kidney; lg, left gonadal vein; A, caudal abdominal aorta (sectioned and partially removed).

Fig

Dog

of

PH

group

A

Dorsal

contrast

enhanced

multiplanar

reformatted

CT

image

of

the

abdomen

There

are

multiple

hepatic

neoformations

asterisks

ipoattenuating

to

hepatic

parenchyma

periportal

lymph

nodes

enlargement

lf

and

no

abdominal

effusion

B

C

D

E

Three

dimensional

volume

rendered

image

of

the

portal

vein

p

and

caudal

vena

cava

CVC

ventral

views

Two

large

vessels

empty

and

full

arrowheads

originate

respectively

from

the

pancreaticoduodenal

vein

pd

and

from

splenic

vein

sv

run

caudally

and

join

in

a

single

vessel

draining

into

the

caudal

vena

cava

at

level

of

right

gonadal

vein

rg

B

whole

portal

vein

ventral

view

C

detail

of

the

entire

PSS

from

its

double

portal

origin

to

its

caval

termination

D

detail

of

origins

of

the

anomalous

vessels

from

pancreaticoduodenal

vein

empty

arrowhead

and

splenic

vein

full

arrowhead

E

detail

of

connection

arrow

of

the

two

shunts

in

one

vessel

which

enters

caudal

vena

cava

at

level

of

right

gonadal

vein

These

vessels

appeared

suggestive

of

APSS

because

they

were

associated

with

a

visible

cause

of

PH

diffuse

hepatic

neoplasia

and

other

classical

APSS

see

Fig

The

absence

of

ascites

could

be

explained

by

a

complete

effectiveness

of

these

APSS

in

alleviating

portal

pressure

LK

left

kidney

lg

left

gonadal

vein

A

caudal

abdominal

aorta

sectioned

and

partially

removed


Fig. 5. Other regional trends in class II MHC expression. The drawing at upper right shows the location of the hippocampal injection site of IFN-␥ (arrow) in a coronal section and the approximate locations of the photographed areas shown in the other panels. Class II ϩ microglia in cortex (Cx), corpus callosum (Cc), and caudate (C) are shown. (Class II ϩ cells appear dark brown after staining with monoclonal antibody OX6). Note the striking differences in the numbers of class II ϩ microglia in the different areas, despite their proximity to each other and similar distances from the injection site. Scale bar ϭ 20 m. Figure 5 is reprinted with permission from John Wiley & Sons. Site-specific immune regulation in the brain: Differential modulation of MHC proteins in brainstem and hippocampus. LM Phillips, PJ Simon, and LA Lampson, J. Comp. Neurol., ᭧1999, Wiley-Liss, Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons.

Fig

Other

regional

trends

in

class

II

MHC

expression

The

drawing

at

upper

right

shows

the

location

of

the

hippocampal

injection

site

of

IFN-

arrow

in

a

coronal

section

and

the

approximate

locations

of

the

photographed

areas

shown

in

the

other

panels

Class

II

ϩ

microglia

in

cortex

Cx

corpus

callosum

Cc

and

caudate

C

are

shown

Class

II

ϩ

cells

appear

dark

brown

after

staining

with

monoclonal

antibody

Note

the

striking

differences

in

the

numbers

of

class

II

ϩ

microglia

in

the

different

areas

despite

their

proximity

to

each

other

and

similar

distances

from

the

injection

site

Scale

bar

ϭ

m.

Figure

is

reprinted

with

permission

from

John

Wiley

Sons

Site

specific

immune

regulation

in

the

brain

Differential

modulation

of

MHC

proteins

in

brainstem

and

hippocampus

LM

Phillips

PJ

Simon

and

LA

Lampson

J.

Comp

Neurol

Wiley

Liss

Inc.

a

subsidiary

of

John

Wiley

Sons


Fig. 1.-Normal cervical spinal cord. Transverse lOSS. Dura and arachnoid layers (solid white arrows) are seen as single reflective surface between fluid bath (FB) and subarachnoid space. In cervical and thoracic areas, ventral dura cannot be separated from back of vertebral bodies. Subarachnoid space surrounds spinal cord, and left denticulate ligament (dl) and dorsal arachnoid sept at ions (das) can be seen within subarachnoid space. Right denticulate ligament and parts of subarachnoid space to right of cord are not seen because of Gelfoam powder (g) in surgical bed. Acoustical shadowing (black arrows)

Fig

cervical

spinal

cord

Transverse

lOSS

Dura

and

arachnoid

layers

solid

white

arrows

are

seen

as

single

reflective

surface

between

fluid

bath

FB

and

subarachnoid

space

In

cervical

and

thoracic

areas

ventral

dura

can

not

be

separated

from

back

of

vertebral

bodies

Subarachnoid

space

surrounds

spinal

cord

and

left

denticulate

ligament

dl

and

dorsal

arachnoid

sept

at

ions

das

can

be

seen

within

subarachnoid

space

Right

denticulate

ligament

and

parts

of

subarachnoid

space

to

right

of

cord

are

not

seen

because

of

Gelfoam

powder

g

in

surgical

bed

Acoustical

shadowing

black

arrows


Fig. 1. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy during treatment with the HLH-2004 protocol. MRI showed decreased signal on T1-weighted images and hyperintense abnormalities on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images (A‒F) typical for PRES, bilaterally in the subcortical white matter and cortical gray matter of the posterior parietal and occipital lobes. These initial increased signal lesions completely disappeared after 1 to 2 months of treatment (D2 and E2).

Fig

Magnetic

resonance

images

MRI

in

patients

with

posterior

reversible

encephalopathy

during

treatment

with

the

protocol

MRI

showed

decreased

signal

on

images

and

hyperintense

abnormalities

on

and

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

images

A‒F

typical

for

PRES

bilaterally

in

the

subcortical

white

matter

and

cortical

gray

matter

of

the

posterior

parietal

and

occipital

lobes

These

initial

increased

signal

lesions

completely

disappeared

after

to

months

of

treatment

and


Figure 4 CT scan of the abdomen with coronal view showing intussusception of the small bowel.

Figure

CT

scan

of

the

abdomen

with

coronal

view

showing

intussusception

of

the

small

bowel


Figure 1. Patient clinical information. (a) Ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) examined at 6 months. A short EEG seizure discharge begins at the right frontal region. (b–d) Brain magnetic resonance imaging examined at 6 months. Extracerebral spaces can be seen in axial images, (b and c) possibly indicating brain atrophy. Both (b) T1- and (c) T2-weighted images show high intensity in the deep white matter, indicating delayed myelination. (d) The corpus callosum is thin in the T1-weighted sagittal image.

Figure

Patient

clinical

information

a

Ictal

electroencephalogram

EEG

examined

at

months

A

short

EEG

seizure

discharge

begins

at

the

right

frontal

region

b

d

Brain

magnetic

resonance

imaging

examined

at

months

Extracerebral

spaces

can

be

seen

in

axial

images

b

and

c

possibly

indicating

brain

atrophy

Both

b

and

c

images

show

high

intensity

in

the

deep

white

matter

indicating

delayed

myelination

d

The

corpus

callosum

is

thin

in

the

sagittal

image


Fig. 2. (a) Electron microscope picture depicting two mature endoconidia. The reddish vesicles observed in Fig. 1(a, b) appear in this EM figure as dark electron-dense bodies (EDB) devoid of internal structures. The endoconidium in the right section shows a distinctive R. seeberi nucleus with a typical nucleolus both surrounded by a nuclear membrane (arrow). Bar, 2.5 mm. (b) Electron micrograph of three JS, two of them displaying nuclei with prominent nucleoli (arrows) identical to the one observed in the endoconidium of (a). Figure reproduced from Silva et al. (2005) and Vilela & Mendoza (2012). Bar, 16.0 mm. (c) An IS with numerous nuclei at the same partitioning stage (arrows), some of them containing nucleoli. Figure reproduced from Herr et al. (1999a). Bar, 3.0 mm.

Fig

a

Electron

microscope

picture

depicting

two

mature

endoconidia

The

reddish

vesicles

observed

in

Fig

b

appear

in

this

EM

figure

as

dark

electron

dense

bodies

EDB

devoid

of

internal

structures

The

endoconidium

in

the

right

section

shows

a

distinctive

R.

seeberi

nucleus

with

a

typical

nucleolus

both

surrounded

by

a

nuclear

membrane

arrow

Bar

mm

b

Electron

micrograph

of

three

JS

two

of

them

displaying

nuclei

with

prominent

nucleoli

arrows

identical

to

the

one

observed

in

the

endoconidium

of

a

Figure

reproduced

from

Silva

et

al

and

Vilela

Mendoza

Bar

mm

c

An

IS

with

numerous

nuclei

at

the

same

partitioning

stage

arrows

some

of

them

containing

nucleoli

Figure

reproduced

from

Herr

et

al

Bar

mm


Figure 1: Preoperative computed tomography (ct) scan (a: axial reconstruction; b: coronal reconstruction) showing a mass with a poor vascularization and a collapsed area in the lower pole of the left kidney.

Figure

Preoperative

computed

tomography

ct

scan

a

axial

reconstruction

b

coronal

reconstruction

showing

a

mass

with

a

poor

vascularization

and

a

collapsed

area

in

the

lower

pole

of

the

left

kidney


FIG. 1. Preoperative computed tomography imaging. The contrast-enhanced coronal reformatted image depicts moderate enhancing fibrous tissue (arrow 2) with right ureteral stenosis (arrow 1).

FIG

Preoperative

computed

tomography

imaging

The

contrast

enhanced

coronal

reformatted

image

depicts

moderate

enhancing

fibrous

tissue

arrow

with

right

ureteral

stenosis

arrow


Figure 1. Length of left and right styloid process (arrows) was 7.8 cm (empty arrow) and 8.0 cm (black arrow) in 3D-computed tomography, respectively.

Figure

Length

of

left

and

right

styloid

process

arrows

was

cm

empty

arrow

and

cm

black

arrow

in

computed

tomography

respectively


Fig. 13 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Coronal T2-W MRI (a) shows a hyperintense, well-defined left intra-parotid mass which is iso- to hyperintense on the axial T1 W view (b), and enhances avidly postcontrast (c). There are intratumoral cysts and necrosis, as well as associated bilateral cervical and posterior triangle lymphadenopathy

Fig

Mucoepidermoid

carcinoma

Coronal

MRI

a

shows

a

hyperintense

well

defined

left

intra

parotid

mass

which

is

iso-

to

hyperintense

on

the

axial

W

view

b

and

enhances

avidly

postcontrast

c

There

are

intratumoral

cysts

and

necrosis

as

well

as

associated

bilateral

cervical

and

posterior

triangle

lymphadenopathy


Figure 3. FIB/SEM tomography of an HCMV infected nucleus five days post infection. (A-D) Volume 1; (E-F) Volume 2; (A,E) Single FIB/SEM micrographs. High contrast allows identification of membranes and nuclear capsids. Nuclear membrane structures (infoldings) are visible close to the nuclear envelope (see also Movies S1 and S2). nu nucleoplasm, cy cytoplasm. Dimensions of each volume: 6.4 µmˆ5.5 µmˆ5 µm; (B) Xz view of the tomogram of volume 1. The dashed line marks the position of the FIB/SEM image shown in (A). (C,D,F) Three-dimensional reconstructions of the inner nuclear membrane with infoldings (blue, semi-transparent) and capsids (nucleoplasm: A capsids pink; B capsids blue; C capsids white; infoldings: A capsids purple; B capsids orange; C capsids green). See also Movies S3 and S4. (C and D) Volume 1 contains 4160 capsids. (E) The dashed line marks a replication center. (F) Infolding D has no connection to the inner nuclear membrane. Infolding E consists of tubular and spherical segments. Volume 2 contains 1338 capsids. Viruses 2015, 7, page-page

Figure

FIB

SEM

tomography

of

an

HCMV

infected

nucleus

five

days

post

infection

A

D

Volume

E

F

Volume

A

E

Single

FIB

SEM

micrographs

High

contrast

allows

identification

of

membranes

and

nuclear

capsids

Nuclear

membrane

structures

infoldings

are

visible

close

to

the

nuclear

envelope

see

also

Movies

and

nu

nucleoplasm

cy

cytoplasm

Dimensions

of

each

volume

µmˆ5

µm

B

Xz

view

of

the

tomogram

of

volume

The

dashed

line

marks

the

position

of

the

FIB

SEM

image

shown

in

A

C

D

F

Three

dimensional

reconstructions

of

the

inner

nuclear

membrane

with

infoldings

blue

semi

transparent

and

capsids

nucleoplasm

A

capsids

pink

B

capsids

blue

C

capsids

white

infoldings

A

capsids

purple

B

capsids

orange

C

capsids

green

See

also

Movies

and

C

and

D

Volume

contains

capsids

E

The

dashed

line

marks

a

replication

center

F

Infolding

D

has

no

connection

to

the

inner

nuclear

membrane

Infolding

E

consists

of

tubular

and

spherical

segments

Volume

contains

capsids

Viruses

page

page


Figure 2. EFTF-expressing pluripotent cells form eye-like structures in tadpole flank. (A) Schematic illustrating the expected retinal layers of the eye including the outer nuclear (ONL), inner nuclear (INL), and ganglion cell (GCL) layers. The mitotically active CMZ is indicated in red. (B) Transverse section of a stage 41 wild-type retina. Dashed lines mark the location of the plexiform layers. The eye is oriented so that dorsal is to the left. (C–G) Flank eyes expressed YFP throughout, contained an RPE and a trilayered morphology with putative inner and outer plexiform layers (dashed lines in D–H). Markers were used to detect retinal cell classes. (C) Whole tadpole bright field image overlayed with fluorescent image, showing flank eye (yellow box) on top of gut (dashed line). Inlay is a magnified view of the boxed flank eye. (D) Cryostat section (12 mm) shows cells labeled for the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) marker, hermes, by in situ hybridization. (E) R5 antibody labels Müller glia (Mü; red), which extend processes the breadth of the flank retina. (F) GABA labels horizontal and amacrine cells (HC, AM; red) of the INL. (G) Cells expressing YFP (green) co-express the cone photoreceptor (cPR) marker Calbindin (yellow). (H) Cells expressing the rod photoreceptor marker XAP2 (rPR; red); BrdU-immunoreactivity (yellow) identifies mitotically active cells in the periphery of the same flank retina. Scale bars, 25 mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000174.g002

Figure

EFTF

expressing

pluripotent

cells

form

eye

like

structures

in

tadpole

flank

A

Schematic

illustrating

the

expected

retinal

layers

of

the

eye

including

the

outer

nuclear

ONL

inner

nuclear

INL

and

ganglion

cell

GCL

layers

The

mitotically

active

CMZ

is

indicated

in

red

B

Transverse

section

of

a

stage

wild

type

retina

Dashed

lines

mark

the

location

of

the

plexiform

layers

The

eye

is

oriented

so

that

dorsal

is

to

the

left

C

G

Flank

eyes

expressed

YFP

throughout

contained

an

RPE

and

a

trilayered

morphology

with

putative

inner

and

outer

plexiform

layers

dashed

lines

in

D

H

Markers

were

used

to

detect

retinal

cell

classes

C

Whole

tadpole

bright

field

image

overlayed

with

fluorescent

image

showing

flank

eye

yellow

box

on

top

of

gut

dashed

line

Inlay

is

a

magnified

view

of

the

boxed

flank

eye

D

Cryostat

section

mm

shows

cells

labeled

for

the

retinal

ganglion

cell

RGC

marker

hermes

by

in

situ

hybridization

E

antibody

labels

Müller

glia

Mü

red

which

extend

processes

the

breadth

of

the

flank

retina

F

GABA

labels

horizontal

and

amacrine

cells

HC

AM

red

of

the

INL

G

Cells

expressing

YFP

green

co

express

the

cone

photoreceptor

cPR

marker

Calbindin

yellow

H

Cells

expressing

the

rod

photoreceptor

marker

rPR

red

BrdU

immunoreactivity

yellow

identifies

mitotically

active

cells

in

the

periphery

of

the

same

flank

retina

Scale

bars

mm


Figure 6: The first three estimated eigenimages for the longitudinal difference. Each eigenimage is represented by eleven equidistant axial slices. Negative loadings are depicted in red, positive ones are in blue.

Figure

The

first

three

estimated

eigenimages

for

the

longitudinal

difference

Each

eigenimage

is

represented

by

eleven

equidistant

axial

slices

Negative

loadings

are

depicted

in

red

positive

ones

are

in

blue


Figure 2. This window shows the process for generating a virtual lateral cephalogram from a 3D volume-rendering image using a cone-beam computed tomography scan with Reference Ear Plug (REP). The virtual central ray is geometrized using the right and left titanium ball markers of the REP (top left and right). Using the function of the program, a virtual lateral cephalogram is created (bottom right).

Figure

This

window

shows

the

process

for

generating

a

virtual

lateral

cephalogram

from

a

volume

rendering

image

using

a

cone

beam

computed

tomography

scan

with

Reference

Ear

Plug

REP

The

virtual

central

ray

is

geometrized

using

the

right

and

left

titanium

ball

markers

of

the

REP

top

left

and

right

Using

the

function

of

the

program

a

virtual

lateral

cephalogram

is

created

bottom

right


Figure 1. Representative micrographs of the ipsilateral synchronous mammary fibroepithelial lesions evaluated in this study. Representative micrographs of three fibroadenomas (FAs) (a–c), one benign phyllodes tumor (PT) (d), and one malignant PT (e). Two FAs (a,b) displayed a predominant pericanalicular pattern and a stromal component with usual cellularity, and no atypia or mitoses. The third FA had an intracanalicular growth pattern and hyalinized stroma (c). The benign and malignant PTs were characterized by leaf-like architecture (d,e). The benign PT showed moderate stromal cellularity, no significant nuclear pleomorphism, and inconspicuous mitotic activity (0 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPFs) (d); Supplementary Table 1), whereas the malignant PT displayed stromal expansion with marked hypercellularity (e), moderate nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity (10 mitoses per 10 HPFs (f); Supplementary Table 1). The epithelium did not show atypia nor did it show significant proliferation in all lesions.

Figure

Representative

micrographs

of

the

ipsilateral

synchronous

mammary

fibroepithelial

lesions

evaluated

in

this

study

Representative

micrographs

of

three

fibroadenomas

FAs

a

c

one

benign

phyllodes

tumor

PT

d

and

one

malignant

PT

e

Two

FAs

a

b

displayed

a

predominant

pericanalicular

pattern

and

a

stromal

component

with

usual

cellularity

and

no

atypia

or

mitoses

The

third

FA

had

an

intracanalicular

growth

pattern

and

hyalinized

stroma

c

The

benign

and

malignant

PTs

were

characterized

by

leaf

like

architecture

d

e

The

benign

PT

showed

moderate

stromal

cellularity

no

significant

nuclear

pleomorphism

and

inconspicuous

mitotic

activity

mitoses

per

high

power

fields

HPFs

d

Supplementary

Table

whereas

the

malignant

PT

displayed

stromal

expansion

with

marked

hypercellularity

e

moderate

nuclear

atypia

and

mitotic

activity

mitoses

per

HPFs

f

Supplementary

Table

The

epithelium

did

not

show

atypia

nor

did

it

show

significant

proliferation

in

all

lesions


Fig. 1. Preoperative (1a) and postoperative (1b) head CT scans in a 5-month-old infant with EDH

Fig

Preoperative

and

postoperative

head

CT

scans

in

a

old

infant

with

EDH


Fig. 4. Darkfield photomicrograph of a transverse section through the forebrain showing patterns of labeling in the amygdala produced by an injection in the infralimbic cortex (case 701). Note pronounced labeling in the central (A), medial (A,B), and basomedial (A,B) nuclei, and an essential absence of labeling in the lateral and basolateral nuclei, lateral to the central nucleus. Scale bar ϭ 600 m.

Fig

Darkfield

photomicrograph

of

a

transverse

section

through

the

forebrain

showing

patterns

of

labeling

in

the

amygdala

produced

by

an

injection

in

the

infralimbic

cortex

case

Note

pronounced

labeling

in

the

central

A

medial

A

B

and

basomedial

A

B

nuclei

and

an

essential

absence

of

labeling

in

the

lateral

and

basolateral

nuclei

lateral

to

the

central

nucleus

Scale

bar

ϭ

m.


Figure 3 Brain MRI characteristics. Sagittal T1- (A, D, G and J), coronal T2- (B, E, H and K), and axial T2-weighted spin echo images (C, F, I and L). Axial and coronal sections in SPG11 (A–C, Patient 2055) show the increased signal intensity in the region of the forceps minor of the corpus callosum, (arrows in B and C), with a ‘ears of the lynx’ appearance (C), not visible in SPG15 (D–F Patient 654). In SPG11 a dramatic enlargement of the interhemispheric and frontal sulci (B), despite a quite normal cerebellar volume is visible. In SPG35 (G–I, Patient 73), diffuse cerebral atrophy, global cerebellar atrophy (H and I), thin corpus callosum (G), and periventricular white matter hyperintensity is visible (arrowheads in I). In SPG48 (J–L, Patient 1738), mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy is recognizable, associated with a vanish anterior periventricular white matter hyperintensity (arrows in L). The thinning of the corpus callosum (A, D and J), is more marked in SPG11.

Figure

Brain

MRI

characteristics

Sagittal

A

D

G

and

J

coronal

B

E

H

and

K

and

axial

spin

echo

images

C

F

I

and

L

Axial

and

coronal

sections

in

A

C

Patient

show

the

increased

signal

intensity

in

the

region

of

the

forceps

minor

of

the

corpus

callosum

arrows

in

B

and

C

with

a

ears

of

the

lynx

appearance

C

not

visible

in

D

F

Patient

In

a

dramatic

enlargement

of

the

interhemispheric

and

frontal

sulci

B

despite

a

quite

normal

cerebellar

volume

is

visible

In

G

I

Patient

diffuse

cerebral

atrophy

global

cerebellar

atrophy

H

and

I

thin

corpus

callosum

G

and

periventricular

white

matter

hyperintensity

is

visible

arrowheads

in

I

In

J

L

Patient

mild

cerebral

and

cerebellar

atrophy

is

recognizable

associated

with

a

vanish

anterior

periventricular

white

matter

hyperintensity

arrows

in

L

The

thinning

of

the

corpus

callosum

A

D

and

J

is

more

marked

in


Figure 2 Brain activity detected by the ASMR-eliciting > control video contrasts. The results in parts (A), (B), and (C) show the responses of ASMR participants while viewing ASMR-eliciting > control videos. The peak intensity coordinates for each significantly increased cluster were located in the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, and precentral gyrus, and the left cuneus, medial frontal, precentral, and superior temporal gyri. (A) Sagittal view. (B) Coronal view. (C) Transverse view. The results in parts (D), (E), and (F) depict the contrast showing responses of the control participants while viewing ASMR-eliciting > control videos. Control participants showed significantly decreased activity in the right cuneus while watching the ASMR-eliciting videos, as compared to watching the control videos. (D) Sagittal view. (E) Coronal view. (F) Transverse view. Contrasts are displayed at p < 0.01, cluster threshold corrected for multiple comparisons. SAG, sagittal; COR, coronal; TRA, transverse; A, anterior; P, posterior; R, right; L, left. Full-size  DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7122/fig-2

Figure

Brain

activity

detected

by

the

ASMR

eliciting

control

video

contrasts

The

results

in

parts

A

B

and

C

show

the

responses

of

ASMR

participants

while

viewing

ASMR

eliciting

control

videos

The

peak

intensity

coordinates

for

each

significantly

increased

cluster

were

located

in

the

right

superior

frontal

gyrus

dorsal

anterior

cingulate

gyrus

and

precentral

gyrus

and

the

left

cuneus

medial

frontal

precentral

and

superior

temporal

gyri

A

Sagittal

view

B

Coronal

view

C

Transverse

view

The

results

in

parts

D

E

and

F

depict

the

contrast

showing

responses

of

the

control

participants

while

viewing

ASMR

eliciting

control

videos

Control

participants

showed

significantly

decreased

activity

in

the

right

cuneus

while

watching

the

ASMR

eliciting

videos

as

compared

to

watching

the

control

videos

D

Sagittal

view

E

Coronal

view

F

Transverse

view

Contrasts

are

displayed

at

p

cluster

threshold

corrected

for

multiple

comparisons

SAG

sagittal

COR

coronal

TRA

transverse

A

anterior

P

posterior

R

right

L

left

Full

size

DOI


Fig. 1 Chest CT showing infiltration predominantly in the right upper lobe and spreading to the right middle and lower lobe and left hilar area, suggesting alveolar hemorrhage

Fig

Chest

CT

showing

infiltration

predominantly

in

the

right

upper

lobe

and

spreading

to

the

right

middle

and

lower

lobe

and

left

hilar

area

suggesting

alveolar

hemorrhage


Figure 1: CT scan of the patient showing the primary tumor in the subglottic region.

Figure

CT

scan

of

the

patient

showing

the

primary

tumor

in

the

subglottic

region


Figure 2: Sections of a noncontrast computed tomography head showing scattered subarachnoid hemorrhage in association with an intracranial nail penetrating the right temporal bone and projecting across midline, superior to the sphenoid sinus and anterior to the pituitary fossa, with evidence of obstructive hydrocephalus. Note the beam-hardening artifact

Figure

Sections

of

a

noncontrast

computed

tomography

head

showing

scattered

subarachnoid

hemorrhage

in

association

with

an

intracranial

nail

penetrating

the

right

temporal

bone

and

projecting

across

midline

superior

to

the

sphenoid

sinus

and

anterior

to

the

pituitary

fossa

with

evidence

of

obstructive

hydrocephalus

Note

the

beam

hardening

artifact


Figure 1: Axial (a) and coronal (b) view of 3DCT before treatment. The atlas was rotated without dislocation of the odontoid process in axial view. The axis showed slight oblique position against atlas in coronal view.

Figure

Axial

a

and

coronal

b

view

of

before

treatment

The

atlas

was

rotated

without

dislocation

of

the

odontoid

process

in

axial

view

The

axis

showed

slight

oblique

position

against

atlas

in

coronal

view


Figure 3. Abdomen CT axial (A) and coronal (B) images showing a 2.7×2.4-cm, lobulated, enhancing lesion at the pancreas head (open arrow).

Figure

Abdomen

CT

axial

A

and

coronal

B

images

showing

a

lobulated

enhancing

lesion

at

the

pancreas

head

open

arrow


Figure 8: Joint contamination in osteomyelitis. Schematic drawings (a) and (b), coronal (c) and axial (d) T1–WI Fat–Sat after gadolinium contrast administration. (a) shows a joint in which the joint capsule (blue) is attaching underneath the growth plate. This intra-articular location of the growth plate may lead to rapid spread of infection into the adjacent joint. (b) shows a joint in which the joint capsule (blue) is attaching above the growth plate. An extra-articularly located growth plate protects against early joint contamination. (c, d). Example on MRI of a patient with rapid spread of the infectious focus to the adjacent left shoulder joint. Because the joint capsule of the shoulder insert below the growth plate, metaphyseal osteomyelitis may easily spread through the medial cortex directly into the joint resulting in synovial enhancement (white arrow).

Figure

Joint

contamination

in

osteomyelitis

Schematic

drawings

a

and

b

coronal

c

and

axial

d

Fat

Sat

after

gadolinium

contrast

administration

a

shows

a

joint

in

which

the

joint

capsule

blue

is

attaching

underneath

the

growth

plate

This

intra

articular

location

of

the

growth

plate

may

lead

to

rapid

spread

of

infection

into

the

adjacent

joint

b

shows

a

joint

in

which

the

joint

capsule

blue

is

attaching

above

the

growth

plate

An

extra

articularly

located

growth

plate

protects

against

early

joint

contamination

c

d

Example

on

MRI

of

a

patient

with

rapid

spread

of

the

infectious

focus

to

the

adjacent

left

shoulder

joint

Because

the

joint

capsule

of

the

shoulder

insert

below

the

growth

plate

metaphyseal

osteomyelitis

may

easily

spread

through

the

medial

cortex

directly

into

the

joint

resulting

in

synovial

enhancement

white

arrow


FIGURE 2 Associated SPECT/CT images (axial, coronal, and sagittal views) localizing the abnormal focal activity to the distal paraesophageal region (arrows).

FIGURE

Associated

SPECT

CT

images

axial

coronal

and

sagittal

views

localizing

the

abnormal

focal

activity

to

the

distal

paraesophageal

region

arrows


Figure 9. Overlapping hypo connectivity patterns for thalamus and midbrain in schizophrenia. Overlap and distinct patterns of hypo connectivity with thalamus (red) and SN (blue) for 69 schizophrenia patients versus 74 healthy controls at P , 0.001, superimposed on axial and coronal views of the human brain. The weaker positive (A) and negative (B) connectivity patterns overlap (pink) in thalamus, BAs 2–4, 6, 17–19, 21, 23, 24, 36, 37, 43 and differentiate in ventral striatum, putamen, pallidum (blue), cerebellum, BAs 10, 11, 32, 40 and 44–47 (red). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096176.g009

Figure

Overlapping

hypo

connectivity

patterns

for

thalamus

and

midbrain

in

schizophrenia

Overlap

and

distinct

patterns

of

hypo

connectivity

with

thalamus

red

and

SN

blue

for

schizophrenia

patients

versus

healthy

controls

at

P

superimposed

on

axial

and

coronal

views

of

the

human

brain

The

weaker

positive

A

and

negative

B

connectivity

patterns

overlap

pink

in

thalamus

BAs

and

differentiate

in

ventral

striatum

putamen

pallidum

blue

cerebellum

BAs

and

red


Figure 2 Regions (predominantly dorsal) in which RTD is associated with decreased rCBF, independent of subjective mood change. SPM99 T-maps (top row) are projected onto the high-resolution 152-subject average T1-weighted MRI image (bottom row). One significant cluster (p¼ 0.013) was found, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32). The arrow (top row) and cross-hair (bottom row) are set at the most significant voxel in the brain volume.

Figure

Regions

predominantly

dorsal

in

which

RTD

is

associated

with

decreased

rCBF

independent

of

subjective

mood

change

T

maps

top

row

are

projected

onto

the

high

resolution

average

MRI

image

bottom

row

One

significant

cluster

p¼

was

found

in

dorsal

anterior

cingulate

cortex

BA

The

arrow

top

row

and

cross

hair

bottom

row

are

set

at

the

most

significant

voxel

in

the

brain

volume


Fig. 2. A gadolinium enhanced temporal magnetic resonance imaging scan shows a homogenous enhanced mass in the left posterior petrous region (arrow).

Fig

A

gadolinium

enhanced

temporal

magnetic

resonance

imaging

scan

shows

a

homogenous

enhanced

mass

in

the

left

posterior

petrous

region

arrow


Figure 4. Example of a false positive CCTA examination. This 63 years old male patient underwent stress nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging because of exertional dyspnea. Stress images in the vertical short axis (B) and horizontal short axis views (D) are suggestive of decreased perfusion to the lateral wall of the left ventricle (arrow heads), which is reversible at rest (A,C). The examination was thus interpreted as concerning for lateral wall ischemia. At CCTA, transverse section (E) and curved multiplanar reformat (F) of the right coronary artery were interpreted as showing 50% stenosis with focal soft plaque (arrow). No luminal narrowing is noted in the left anterior descending (G) and circumflex (H) arteries. On catheter angiograms (I,K), there is no evidence of luminal narrowing in any vessel. The false positive finding on CCTA likely represents an artifact. CCTA = coronary computed tomography angiography.

Figure

Example

of

a

false

positive

CCTA

examination

This

years

old

male

patient

underwent

stress

nuclear

myocardial

perfusion

imaging

because

of

exertional

dyspnea

Stress

images

in

the

vertical

short

axis

B

and

horizontal

short

axis

views

D

are

suggestive

of

decreased

perfusion

to

the

lateral

wall

of

the

left

ventricle

arrow

heads

which

is

reversible

at

rest

A

C

The

examination

was

thus

interpreted

as

concerning

for

lateral

wall

ischemia

At

CCTA

transverse

section

E

and

curved

multiplanar

reformat

F

of

the

right

coronary

artery

were

interpreted

as

showing

stenosis

with

focal

soft

plaque

arrow

No

luminal

narrowing

is

noted

in

the

left

anterior

descending

G

and

circumflex

H

arteries

On

catheter

angiograms

I

K

there

is

no

evidence

of

luminal

narrowing

in

any

vessel

The

false

positive

finding

on

CCTA

likely

represents

an

artifact

CCTA

coronary

computed

tomography

angiography


Fig. 3. Transverse computed tomography images at the level of the mid-caudal lung lobes in a sheep that was pre-treated with 150 mg/kg vatinoxan (VAT + DEX) or saline and 10 min later received 3 mg/kg dexmedetomidine (DEX): at baseline (BL) and at 20 min (T20) (A, B; DEX), and at 2 min before (T-2) and at 20 min after (T20) dexmedetomidine (C, D; VAT + DEX). Note that, in image (A), the arrows point to the caudal pulmonary vein (blue) and artery (red), whereas the circles 1 and 2 indicate the regions of interest (ROI).

Fig

Transverse

computed

tomography

images

at

the

level

of

the

mid

caudal

lung

lobes

in

a

sheep

that

was

pre

treated

with

mg

kg

vatinoxan

VAT

DEX

or

saline

and

min

later

received

mg

kg

dexmedetomidine

DEX

at

baseline

BL

and

at

min

A

B

DEX

and

at

min

before

and

at

min

after

dexmedetomidine

C

D

VAT

DEX

Note

that

in

image

A

the

arrows

point

to

the

caudal

pulmonary

vein

blue

and

artery

red

whereas

the

circles

and

indicate

the

regions

of

interest

ROI


Figure 7. Visualization of telomeric DNA in HeLa-L nuclei and nuclear matrices by EM-ISH. For the isolation of permeabilized nuclei (A-D), cells were extracted in situ with Triton X-100 for either 3 (A-C) or 10 min (D), digested with RNase A, and fixed with 4% formaldehyde plus 0.05 % glutaraldehyde. For the isolation of nuclear matrices (E) cells were permeabilized with digitonin, stabilized at 37°C in the presence of Cu 2÷ ions, and extracted with LIS. Resulting nuclear halos were digested with PvulI plus Hinfl and fixed with 4% formaldehyde plus 0.05% glutaraldehyde. Preparations were hybridized with a biotin-labeled [CCCUAA]27 RNA probe, and hybrids were visualized by immunolabeling using an anti-biotin primary antibody and a secondary antibody coupled to ultrasmall gold particles. Gold particles were enlarged by silver enhancement, and preparations were embedded and cut into 280-nm thick sections. N, nucleus; Nu, nucleolus; C, cytoskeletal element; Ig, interchromatin granule cluster. Bars: (A, B, and E) 1 txm; (C and D) 0.2 i~m.

Figure

Visualization

of

telomeric

DNA

in

HeLa

L

nuclei

and

nuclear

matrices

by

EM

ISH

For

the

isolation

of

permeabilized

nuclei

A

D

cells

were

extracted

in

situ

with

Triton

for

either

A

C

or

min

D

digested

with

RNase

A

and

fixed

with

formaldehyde

plus

glutaraldehyde

For

the

isolation

of

nuclear

matrices

E

cells

were

permeabilized

with

digitonin

stabilized

at

C

in

the

presence

of

Cu

2÷

ions

and

extracted

with

LIS

Resulting

nuclear

halos

were

digested

with

PvulI

plus

Hinfl

and

fixed

with

formaldehyde

plus

glutaraldehyde

Preparations

were

hybridized

with

a

biotin

labeled

RNA

probe

and

hybrids

were

visualized

by

immunolabeling

using

an

anti

biotin

primary

antibody

and

a

secondary

antibody

coupled

to

ultrasmall

gold

particles

Gold

particles

were

enlarged

by

silver

enhancement

and

preparations

were

embedded

and

cut

into

thick

sections

N

nucleus

Nu

nucleolus

C

cytoskeletal

element

Ig

interchromatin

granule

cluster

Bars

A

B

and

E

txm

C

and

D

i

m


FIGURE 8: Injection of dominant-negative constructs of FAK and control proteins (FATD:GFP, FAK:GFP, GFP). (A, B) Unfertilized eggs injected with high concentrations of FATD:GFP and fixed 4 h postfertilization. Ectopic actin and aberrant nuclear morphology resulted. (C, D) Lower concentrations of protein were injected, and eggs had defects in formation of the cortex, membrane accumulation

FIGURE

Injection

of

dominant

negative

constructs

of

FAK

and

control

proteins

FATD

GFP

FAK

GFP

GFP

A

B

Unfertilized

eggs

injected

with

high

concentrations

of

FATD

GFP

and

fixed

h

postfertilization

Ectopic

actin

and

aberrant

nuclear

morphology

resulted

C

D

Lower

concentrations

of

protein

were

injected

and

eggs

had

defects

in

formation

of

the

cortex

membrane

accumulation