Figure 2 Sagittal short tau inversion recovery images of the lower spine of two different patients. (A) At level L5– S1, disc space narrowing with a low signal intensity of the disc is seen, with concomitant high signal intensity of the endplates of L4 and L5 (arrows). This is consistent with disc degeneration with Modic endplate changes. (B) At L5–S1, disc degeneration is present without endplate changes; the disc space narrowing is less pronounced than in (A). At level L3–4, however, the anterior corners of the endplates show focal high signal intensity despite a normal disc (arrows). This is based on osteitis secondary to axial spondyloarthritis.

Figure

Sagittal

short

tau

inversion

recovery

images

of

the

lower

spine

of

two

different

patients

A

At

level

disc

space

narrowing

with

a

low

signal

intensity

of

the

disc

is

seen

with

concomitant

high

signal

intensity

of

the

endplates

of

and

arrows

This

is

consistent

with

disc

degeneration

with

Modic

endplate

changes

B

At

disc

degeneration

is

present

without

endplate

changes

the

disc

space

narrowing

is

less

pronounced

than

in

A

At

level

however

the

anterior

corners

of

the

endplates

show

focal

high

signal

intensity

despite

a

normal

disc

arrows

This

is

based

on

osteitis

secondary

to

axial

spondyloarthritis


Figure 7 SEM-WDS X-ray microanalysis of a Generation II (Ormco) chain module retrieved after 24 hours intra-oral placement. (Original magnification ×400, bar 100 µm.) (a) SEI. (b) BEI-COMPO. (c) X-ray image of K. (d) X-ray image of Ca.

Figure

SEM

WDS

X

ray

microanalysis

of

a

Generation

II

Ormco

chain

module

retrieved

after

hours

intra

oral

placement

Original

magnification

bar

µm

a

SEI

b

BEI

COMPO

c

X

ray

image

of

K.

d

X

ray

image

of

Ca


Fig. 1 Effusion in the biceps tendon sheath. (GT=greater tubercle, LT= lesser tubercle). Transverse (a, b) and longitudinal (c) ultrasound images of the long head of the biceps tendon (curved arrow) in its position in the bicipital groove are shown. Already before injection of fluid, a small edge (2 mm) of anechoic collection (joint effusion) is seen in the tendon sheath (arrowheads, a). After injection (b, c), no conspicuous increase of anechoic collection is detectable. d Correlative transverse trueFISP MR image after injection of fluid

Fig

Effusion

in

the

biceps

tendon

sheath

GT

greater

tubercle

LT=

lesser

tubercle

Transverse

a

b

and

longitudinal

c

ultrasound

images

of

the

long

head

of

the

biceps

tendon

curved

arrow

in

its

position

in

the

bicipital

groove

are

shown

Already

before

injection

of

fluid

a

small

edge

mm

of

anechoic

collection

joint

effusion

is

seen

in

the

tendon

sheath

arrowheads

a

After

injection

b

c

no

conspicuous

increase

of

anechoic

collection

is

detectable

d

Correlative

transverse

trueFISP

MR

image

after

injection

of

fluid


Figure 4. Local tumor recurrence after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in a 63-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma. (A) Enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images show a 3.5-cm-sized hypervascular tumor at segment 6 of the right hepatic lobe (arrow). (B) Spot radiograph obtained after TACE shows a tumor stain (arrow) with prominent portal veins in the embolized area (arrowheads). (C) Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scan obtained immediately after TACE shows dense iodized oil accumulation in the tumor (arrow). The anterolateral tumor aspect was not completely covered by parenchymal iodized oil deposition (arrowheads), which was classified as grade B. (D) Unenhanced CT scan obtained 1 month after TACE shows dense iodized oil accumulation in the tumor (arrow). (E) Enhanced MR images obtained 4 months later showed tumor recurred at a site without an adequate safety margin (arrows) (peritumoral recurrence).

Figure

Local

tumor

recurrence

after

transarterial

chemoembolization

TACE

in

a

old

woman

with

hepatocellular

carcinoma

A

Enhanced

magnetic

resonance

MR

images

show

a

sized

hypervascular

tumor

at

segment

of

the

right

hepatic

lobe

arrow

B

Spot

radiograph

obtained

after

TACE

shows

a

tumor

stain

arrow

with

prominent

portal

veins

in

the

embolized

area

arrowheads

C

Cone

beam

computed

tomography

CT

scan

obtained

immediately

after

TACE

shows

dense

iodized

oil

accumulation

in

the

tumor

arrow

The

anterolateral

tumor

aspect

was

not

completely

covered

by

parenchymal

iodized

oil

deposition

arrowheads

which

was

classified

as

grade

B.

D

Unenhanced

CT

scan

obtained

month

after

TACE

shows

dense

iodized

oil

accumulation

in

the

tumor

arrow

E

Enhanced

MR

images

obtained

months

later

showed

tumor

recurred

at

a

site

without

an

adequate

safety

margin

arrows

peritumoral

recurrence


FIGURE 6 Imaging melanophores. Comparison between brightfield (A) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (B) images of a melanophore revealed that melanosomes are observed under two-photon excitation. The excitation wavelength was 780 nm. (Scale bars, 5 mm).

FIGURE

Imaging

melanophores

Comparison

between

brightfield

A

and

two

photon

excitation

fluorescence

B

images

of

a

melanophore

revealed

that

melanosomes

are

observed

under

two

photon

excitation

The

excitation

wavelength

was

nm

Scale

bars

mm


Figure 3 - Schwannoma of V2, case P11. Coronal (A) and axial CT (B) scans showing considerable deformation of the splanchno and neurocranium on the right side. A mass (74 x 65 x 61 mm) arising from V2 in the pterygopalatine fossa with bulky extension to the ITF, cheek, and middle cranial fossa via the foramen rotundum, which is extremely enlarged (long arrow) – see side difference. The schwannoma pushed the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus forward (short arrow) and the pterygoid process backward (dashed arrow) – also see side differences. (C) An axial T1-weighted MRI scan with gadolinium contrast showing the margin between the tumor and soft tissue. (D) A sagittal T2-weighted MRI scan showing that the tumor is pressing on the orbital apex via the infraorbital fissure (long arrow) with an intracranial portion (24 x 21 x 20 mm) in the middle cranial fossa (dotted line). Postoperative T2-weighted MRI scans in the sagittal (E) and axial (F) planes demonstrate no evidence of disease 21 months after surgery. A nasoseptal flap (long arrow) was used to cover exposed dura mater of the middle cranial fossa, although no clear leakage of cerebrospinal fluid was observed intraoperatively. Considerable retraction of soft tissue into the postresection empty space of the cheek and ITF is visible on the axial MRI – compare (C) and (F).

Figure

Schwannoma

of

case

Coronal

A

and

axial

CT

B

scans

showing

considerable

deformation

of

the

splanchno

and

neurocranium

on

the

right

side

A

mass

x

x

mm

arising

from

in

the

pterygopalatine

fossa

with

bulky

extension

to

the

ITF

cheek

and

middle

cranial

fossa

via

the

foramen

rotundum

which

is

extremely

enlarged

long

arrow

see

side

difference

The

schwannoma

pushed

the

posterior

wall

of

the

maxillary

sinus

forward

short

arrow

and

the

pterygoid

process

backward

dashed

arrow

also

see

side

differences

C

An

axial

MRI

scan

with

gadolinium

contrast

showing

the

margin

between

the

tumor

and

soft

tissue

D

A

sagittal

MRI

scan

showing

that

the

tumor

is

pressing

on

the

orbital

apex

via

the

infraorbital

fissure

long

arrow

with

an

intracranial

portion

x

x

mm

in

the

middle

cranial

fossa

dotted

line

Postoperative

MRI

scans

in

the

sagittal

E

and

axial

F

planes

demonstrate

no

evidence

of

disease

months

after

surgery

A

nasoseptal

flap

long

arrow

was

used

to

cover

exposed

dura

mater

of

the

middle

cranial

fossa

although

no

clear

leakage

of

cerebrospinal

fluid

was

observed

intraoperatively

Considerable

retraction

of

soft

tissue

into

the

postresection

empty

space

of

the

cheek

and

ITF

is

visible

on

the

axial

MRI

compare

C

and

F


Fig. 2 Thrombosis of the transplanted renal vein. a Color Doppler ultrasound shows ‘‘reverse’’ diastolic flow (below the baseline); b color imaging of the hilar region shows two segmental arteries (A) and no flow in the renal vein (V)

Fig

Thrombosis

of

the

transplanted

renal

vein

a

Color

Doppler

ultrasound

shows

reverse

diastolic

flow

below

the

baseline

b

color

imaging

of

the

hilar

region

shows

two

segmental

arteries

A

and

no

flow

in

the

renal

vein

V


Figure 1. The findings of magnetic resonance imaging are consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (A and B) and then suggestive of aggressive tumor (C). A, Initial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates involvement of the left internal capsule and caudate. B, Subsequent fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging 3 months later demonstrates increased involvement. C, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the second admission demonstrates an elevated level of choline (arrow 1), a depressed level of N-acetylaspartate (arrow 2), and an elevated lactate doublet (arrow 3) in the left basal ganglia.

Figure

The

findings

of

magnetic

resonance

imaging

are

consistent

with

acute

disseminated

encephalomyelitis

A

and

B

and

then

suggestive

of

aggressive

tumor

C

A

Initial

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

magnetic

resonance

imaging

demonstrates

involvement

of

the

left

internal

capsule

and

caudate

B

Subsequent

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

magnetic

resonance

imaging

months

later

demonstrates

increased

involvement

C

Magnetic

resonance

spectroscopy

on

the

second

admission

demonstrates

an

elevated

level

of

choline

arrow

a

depressed

level

of

N

acetylaspartate

arrow

and

an

elevated

lactate

doublet

arrow

in

the

left

basal

ganglia


Fig. 1. Preoperative CT images: (A) Transverse image of the 5th lumbar vertebra and (B) sagittal image indicating a large mass with an irregular surface (12 × 8 × 6 cm in size) extending from the cecum. (C) Photograph of the surgically resected area showing the main tumor and multiple disseminated masses (arrows) in the omentum. L5, 5th lumbar vertebra; m, main tumor; s, spleen; b, bladder.

Fig

Preoperative

CT

images

A

Transverse

image

of

the

lumbar

vertebra

and

B

sagittal

image

indicating

a

large

mass

with

an

irregular

surface

cm

in

size

extending

from

the

cecum

C

Photograph

of

the

surgically

resected

area

showing

the

main

tumor

and

multiple

disseminated

masses

arrows

in

the

omentum

lumbar

vertebra

m

main

tumor

s

spleen

b

bladder


Figure 1. (A) Schematic of a rod photoreceptor cell showing the sensory cilium axoneme (Ax); TZ, transition zone; R, the rootlet; IS, inner segment; OS, outer segment connected by the TZ; N, nucleus. (B) Immunofluorescence image of photoreceptor layer of mouse retina stained with anti-acetylated a-tubulin antibody, a ciliary marker (green); ONL, outer nuclear layer.

Figure

A

Schematic

of

a

rod

photoreceptor

cell

showing

the

sensory

cilium

axoneme

Ax

TZ

transition

zone

R

the

rootlet

IS

inner

segment

OS

outer

segment

connected

by

the

TZ

N

nucleus

B

Immunofluorescence

image

of

photoreceptor

layer

of

mouse

retina

stained

with

anti

acetylated

a

tubulin

antibody

a

ciliary

marker

green

ONL

outer

nuclear

layer


Figure 2. A 59-year-old woman with known right breast cancer (4-o’clock position) who underwent preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (A) Subtraction axial MR image shows unexpected oval shaped enhancing lesion (arrow) at 3-o’clock position in the right breast. It was classified as malignant. (B) On second-look ultrasound, 0.7 cm sized, oval, ill defined, and hypoechoic lesion was found at the identical location. Sonographic findings suggest BI-RADS 4C and pathologic result was invasive ductal carcinoma.

Figure

A

old

woman

with

known

right

breast

cancer

position

who

underwent

preoperative

breast

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

A

Subtraction

axial

MR

image

shows

unexpected

oval

shaped

enhancing

lesion

arrow

at

position

in

the

right

breast

It

was

classified

as

malignant

B

On

second

look

ultrasound

cm

sized

oval

ill

defined

and

hypoechoic

lesion

was

found

at

the

identical

location

Sonographic

findings

suggest

BI

RADS

and

pathologic

result

was

invasive

ductal

carcinoma


Figure 2 Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining in gray matter of injured spinal cord specimens on the third day postoperatively. (a) Control group: round swollen neurons (white arrow), nuclear concentration, nuclear fragmentation and a great deal of neutrophil infiltration (white arrowhead) were seen. (b) Soluble complement receptor type 1 group. A little neutrophil infiltration in reparative tissue was seen, whereas a lot of polygon-shaped neurons (arrow) were observed (HE, magnification: Â 200).

Figure

Hematoxylin

eosin

HE

staining

in

gray

matter

of

injured

spinal

cord

specimens

on

the

third

day

postoperatively

a

Control

group

round

swollen

neurons

white

arrow

nuclear

concentration

nuclear

fragmentation

and

a

great

deal

of

neutrophil

infiltration

white

arrowhead

were

seen

b

Soluble

complement

receptor

type

group

A

little

neutrophil

infiltration

in

reparative

tissue

was

seen

whereas

a

lot

of

polygon

shaped

neurons

arrow

were

observed

HE

magnification

Â


FIG. 14. Transmission ultrasound images of a dense breast quantitative breast density (QBD = 62.4%). Top row, speed of sound (SOS). L to R: coronal, axial, sagittal. Middle row, segmentation with skin. Bottom row, corresponding total breast volume. There is clear correlation between the total breast volume, the segmentation, and the high-speed tissue. The segmentation is based on SOS > 1489 m/s.

FIG

Transmission

ultrasound

images

of

a

dense

breast

quantitative

breast

density

QBD

Top

row

speed

of

sound

SOS

L

to

R

coronal

axial

sagittal

Middle

row

segmentation

with

skin

Bottom

row

corresponding

total

breast

volume

There

is

clear

correlation

between

the

total

breast

volume

the

segmentation

and

the

high

speed

tissue

The

segmentation

is

based

on

SOS

m

s


Figure 2. Chest X-ray (a) and computed tomography (b) images obtained at the second admission. Superior mediastinum expansion was recognized (a). The lymph node of #4R exhibited swelling, and a low-density area was recognized inside this lymph node (b).

Figure

Chest

X

ray

a

and

computed

tomography

b

images

obtained

at

the

second

admission

Superior

mediastinum

expansion

was

recognized

a

The

lymph

node

of

exhibited

swelling

and

a

low

density

area

was

recognized

inside

this

lymph

node

b


Figure 10 18F-FDG PET/CT—FDG-avid, morphologically benign appearing lymph nodes. A 73-year-old woman presented with hematuria and was found to have invasive high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma on cystoscopy. One year following cystectomy and local lymph node dissection, a PET-CT was performed and demonstrated foci of increased radiotracer uptake at multiple locations including the left periaortic (A, black arrow) and left common iliac (C) stations, corresponding to morphologically normal lymph nodes on the associated non-contrast CT (B,D; white arrows). Percutaneous biopsy confirmed sites of metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Figure

FDG

PET

CT

FDG

avid

morphologically

benign

appearing

lymph

nodes

A

old

woman

presented

with

hematuria

and

was

found

to

have

invasive

high

grade

papillary

urothelial

carcinoma

on

cystoscopy

One

year

following

cystectomy

and

local

lymph

node

dissection

a

PET

CT

was

performed

and

demonstrated

foci

of

increased

radiotracer

uptake

at

multiple

locations

including

the

left

periaortic

A

black

arrow

and

left

common

iliac

C

stations

corresponding

to

morphologically

normal

lymph

nodes

on

the

associated

non

contrast

CT

B

D

white

arrows

Percutaneous

biopsy

confirmed

sites

of

metastatic

urothelial

carcinoma


Figure 4. Examples of current usages of cardiac MRI for tissue characterization in children [7]. A. Mid-ventricular short-axis T1 mapping of a 7-year-old boy with Duchenne myopathy. In the inferior and inferolateral segments, higher T1 values before injection and lower T1 values after injection reveal the presence of diffuse fibrosis. B. Late gadolinium enhancement image of the same heart. The presence of fibrosis is shown by the red contouring. C. Post-gadolinium four-chamber SSFP view (T1/T2-weighed image) very clearly revealing the extension of fibrosis in the lateral wall of the same heart (red outline). MRI; magnetic resonance imaging; SSFP: steady-state free precession.

Figure

Examples

of

current

usages

of

cardiac

MRI

for

tissue

characterization

in

children

A.

Mid

ventricular

short

axis

mapping

of

a

old

boy

with

Duchenne

myopathy

In

the

inferior

and

inferolateral

segments

higher

values

before

injection

and

lower

values

after

injection

reveal

the

presence

of

diffuse

fibrosis

B.

Late

gadolinium

enhancement

image

of

the

same

heart

The

presence

of

fibrosis

is

shown

by

the

red

contouring

C.

Post

gadolinium

four

chamber

SSFP

view

image

very

clearly

revealing

the

extension

of

fibrosis

in

the

lateral

wall

of

the

same

heart

red

outline

MRI

magnetic

resonance

imaging

SSFP

steady

state

free

precession


Fig. 1 Morphology and composition of renal tubular crystal deposits in stone formers (SFs) and non-stone formers (NSFs). a Crystal attachment to the tubular walls detected by polarized light optical microphotography of hematoxylin and eosin-stained renal cortex sections (magnification, × 800). b Crystal attachment to the tubular walls detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the crystal ultrastructure. c Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of the mineral components on the surface of SEM-detected crystal deposits. The EDX spectrum shows calcium as the main component of the deposits

Fig

Morphology

and

composition

of

renal

tubular

crystal

deposits

in

stone

formers

SFs

and

non

stone

formers

NSFs

a

Crystal

attachment

to

the

tubular

walls

detected

by

polarized

light

optical

microphotography

of

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stained

renal

cortex

sections

magnification

b

Crystal

attachment

to

the

tubular

walls

detected

by

scanning

electron

microscopy

SEM

of

the

crystal

ultrastructure

c

Energy

dispersive

X

ray

spectroscopy

EDX

of

the

mineral

components

on

the

surface

of

SEM

detected

crystal

deposits

The

EDX

spectrum

shows

calcium

as

the

main

component

of

the

deposits


Figure 4. (a) Bedside chest radiograph showing the inadequate positioning of the hemodialysis catheter in the ipsilateral right internal jugular vein after catheter insertion in the right subclavian vein (black arrow). (b) Ultrasound subxiphoid view showing right atrium (RA) and ventricle (RV) before the administration of microbubbles through the distal lumen of the catheter. (c) Ultrasound subxiphoid view showing the absence of microbubbles in RA and RV 4 seconds after their flush through the distal lumen of the catheter. Dynamic views can be visualized in Figure 5.

Figure

a

Bedside

chest

radiograph

showing

the

inadequate

positioning

of

the

hemodialysis

catheter

in

the

ipsilateral

right

internal

jugular

vein

after

catheter

insertion

in

the

right

subclavian

vein

black

arrow

b

Ultrasound

subxiphoid

view

showing

right

atrium

RA

and

ventricle

RV

before

the

administration

of

microbubbles

through

the

distal

lumen

of

the

catheter

c

Ultrasound

subxiphoid

view

showing

the

absence

of

microbubbles

in

RA

and

RV

seconds

after

their

flush

through

the

distal

lumen

of

the

catheter

Dynamic

views

can

be

visualized

in

Figure


Figure 1 Pulsed light accelerated crosslinking (PL-ACXL). Confocal scan reveals keratocytes apoptosis (K. Apo), lacunar corneal edema (C.E.), and activated keratocytes nuclei (A.K.N.) with a mean penetration of 200 mm (a); spectral domain corneal OCT performed before removing therapeutic contact lens after treatment (T.C.L.) reveals an increased reflectivity of the anterior mid-stroma after treatment with an inhomogeneous demarcation line (D.L.) at 180 mm of depth (b); slit lamp examination at first postoperative month reveals a visible demarcation line (D.L.) (c).

Figure

Pulsed

light

accelerated

crosslinking

PL

ACXL

Confocal

scan

reveals

keratocytes

apoptosis

K.

Apo

lacunar

corneal

edema

C.E.

and

activated

keratocytes

nuclei

A.K.N.

with

a

mean

penetration

of

mm

a

spectral

domain

corneal

OCT

performed

before

removing

therapeutic

contact

lens

after

treatment

T.C.L.

reveals

an

increased

reflectivity

of

the

anterior

mid

stroma

after

treatment

with

an

inhomogeneous

demarcation

line

D.L.

at

mm

of

depth

b

slit

lamp

examination

at

first

postoperative

month

reveals

a

visible

demarcation

line

D.L.

c


Figure 1. Naked mole-rat. Representative photomicrographs of Nissl-stained coronal hemisections (A,F) and the corresponding film autoradiographs (B,G, left/right reversed to facilitate comparisons) showing CRF1 binding (B) and CRF2 binding (G) at the rostrocaudal midrostrocaudal level of the rostral nucleus accumbens in a male naked mole-rat. Representative darkfield and brightfield photomicrographs showing CRF-ir processes (C,D1/2,E1/2) and Ucn 3-ir processes (H,I1/2) at the rostrocaudal level of the rostral nucleus accumbens in a male naked mole-rat. Boxed regions containing CRF-ir processes (D1,E1) or Ucn 3-ir processes (I1) are shown at higher magnification (D2,E2,I2, each of which contains a further magnification from a smaller to a larger boxed region). Cg, cingulate cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PC, piriform cortex; TT, taenia tecta. Scale bars 5 1 mm in A (applies to A,B,F,G); 1 mm in C (applies to C,H).

Figure

Naked

mole

rat

Representative

photomicrographs

of

Nissl

stained

coronal

hemisections

A

F

and

the

corresponding

film

autoradiographs

B

G

left

right

reversed

to

facilitate

comparisons

showing

binding

B

and

binding

G

at

the

rostrocaudal

midrostrocaudal

level

of

the

rostral

nucleus

accumbens

in

a

male

naked

mole

rat

Representative

darkfield

and

brightfield

photomicrographs

showing

CRF

ir

processes

C

and

Ucn

processes

H

at

the

rostrocaudal

level

of

the

rostral

nucleus

accumbens

in

a

male

naked

mole

rat

Boxed

regions

containing

CRF

ir

processes

or

Ucn

processes

are

shown

at

higher

magnification

each

of

which

contains

a

further

magnification

from

a

smaller

to

a

larger

boxed

region

Cg

cingulate

cortex

NAc

nucleus

accumbens

PC

piriform

cortex

TT

taenia

tecta

Scale

bars

mm

in

A

applies

to

A

B

F

G

mm

in

C

applies

to

C

H


Fig. 5. Ultrasonography (US) findings of cardiac rhbdomyomas in a 34-week fetus with tuberous sclerosis. A. Four chamber view of fetal heart shows echogenic masses at the interventricular sepum (arrow) and in the left and right ventricles (arrowheads). B. The coronal US image of fetal brain reveals lower echoic hamartomas at the frontal subependymal areas of bilateral lateral ventricles (arrows).

Fig

Ultrasonography

US

findings

of

cardiac

rhbdomyomas

in

a

fetus

with

tuberous

sclerosis

A.

Four

chamber

view

of

fetal

heart

shows

echogenic

masses

at

the

interventricular

sepum

arrow

and

in

the

left

and

right

ventricles

arrowheads

B.

The

coronal

US

image

of

fetal

brain

reveals

lower

echoic

hamartomas

at

the

frontal

subependymal

areas

of

bilateral

lateral

ventricles

arrows


Fig. 4. Nuclear capsids localize to enlarged nuclear corrals. PtK2 cells were left noninfected (noninf) or infected with mEGFP-VP26 tagged PRV at an MOI of 100 (inf). At 4 h postinfection, cells were fixed and stained with 0.5 μg/mL Hoechst 33342 Abs imaged with spinning-disk microscopy. After infection, chromatin structure becomes more porous and capsids can be found in large and small (white arrow) corrals. (Scale bars: 2 μm.)

Fig

Nuclear

capsids

localize

to

enlarged

nuclear

corrals

cells

were

left

noninfected

noninf

or

infected

with

mEGFP

tagged

PRV

at

an

MOI

of

inf

At

h

postinfection

cells

were

fixed

and

stained

with

μg

mL

Hoechst

Abs

imaged

with

spinning

disk

microscopy

After

infection

chromatin

structure

becomes

more

porous

and

capsids

can

be

found

in

large

and

small

white

arrow

corrals

Scale

bars

μm


Fig. 4 Cranial CT scan and MRI. a Hydrocephaly. b Calcification spots in brain parenchyma. c Abnormal signals in cerebral parenchyma. d Improved hydrocephaly after treated by lateral external ventricular drain

Fig

Cranial

CT

scan

and

MRI

a

Hydrocephaly

b

Calcification

spots

in

brain

parenchyma

c

Abnormal

signals

in

cerebral

parenchyma

d

Improved

hydrocephaly

after

treated

by

lateral

external

ventricular

drain


Fig. 2. a) Right haemopneumothorax. Thoracostomy tube in situ (not demonstrated on this slice). Artefact is due to multiple bullet fragments. b) Cross-sectional image from CT shows extravasation of blood via entry wound.

Fig

a

Right

haemopneumothorax

Thoracostomy

tube

in

situ

not

demonstrated

on

this

slice

Artefact

is

due

to

multiple

bullet

fragments

b

Cross

sectional

image

from

CT

shows

extravasation

of

blood

via

entry

wound


Fig. 1 Imaging studies of the lung nodule at the time of hospitalisation (a, b) and 6 months after disease onset (c, d). a. Computed tomography (CT) at the time of hospitalisation. The white arrow indicates a nodule with a cavity in the upper lobe of the left lung. b. Gallium scintigraphy (67Ga-citrate) at the time of hospitalisation. The white arrow indicates high accumulation of gallium at the same location as the lung lesion. c. CT 6 months after disease onset. The lung lesion has disappeared, and a small scar remains. d. Somatostatin scintigraphy (111In-Pentetreotide) 6 months after disease onset. There is no accumulation in the left upper lobe (white arrow). The arrowhead indicates light accumulation of indium-111-radio-labelled octreotide in the mediastinum

Fig

Imaging

studies

of

the

lung

nodule

at

the

time

of

hospitalisation

a

b

and

months

after

disease

onset

c

d

a.

Computed

tomography

CT

at

the

time

of

hospitalisation

The

white

arrow

indicates

a

nodule

with

a

cavity

in

the

upper

lobe

of

the

left

lung

b.

Gallium

scintigraphy

citrate

at

the

time

of

hospitalisation

The

white

arrow

indicates

high

accumulation

of

gallium

at

the

same

location

as

the

lung

lesion

c.

CT

months

after

disease

onset

The

lung

lesion

has

disappeared

and

a

small

scar

remains

d.

Somatostatin

scintigraphy

Pentetreotide

months

after

disease

onset

There

is

no

accumulation

in

the

left

upper

lobe

white

arrow

The

arrowhead

indicates

light

accumulation

of

labelled

octreotide

in

the

mediastinum


Figure 3. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No residul tumor is found on the (A) saggital postcontrast T1-weighted, as well as the coronal (B) postcontrast T1-weighted and (C) T2-weighted MRI.

Figure

Postoperative

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

No

residul

tumor

is

found

on

the

A

saggital

postcontrast

as

well

as

the

coronal

B

postcontrast

and

C

MRI


Fig. 1. (A) Magnetic resonance imaging was performed. The red arrow indicates the absence of uterine myometrium between the bladder and placenta. The white arrow indicates the placenta invades into the uterine myometrium but not deep enough to invade into the bladder muscle. (B) A laparotomy revealed multiple large blood vessels and the placenta present throughout the anterior uterine wall in the lower uterine segment. From the operative findings, we suspected placenta percreta. (C) A transverse uterine fundal incision was performed. We were careful to avoid rupturing the fetal membrane. Minimal bleeding was observed from the incision site.

Fig

A

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

was

performed

The

red

arrow

indicates

the

absence

of

uterine

myometrium

between

the

bladder

and

placenta

The

white

arrow

indicates

the

placenta

invades

into

the

uterine

myometrium

but

not

deep

enough

to

invade

into

the

bladder

muscle

B

A

laparotomy

revealed

multiple

large

blood

vessels

and

the

placenta

present

throughout

the

anterior

uterine

wall

in

the

lower

uterine

segment

From

the

operative

findings

we

suspected

placenta

percreta

C

A

transverse

uterine

fundal

incision

was

performed

We

were

careful

to

avoid

rupturing

the

fetal

membrane

Minimal

bleeding

was

observed

from

the

incision

site


Fig. 8. DVT images of the inserted 4.5 Â 6.0 mm Bicon implant into the incisal foramen and nasopalatinal canal. In transverse view (a), sagittal view (b) and frontal view (c).

Fig

DVT

images

of

the

inserted

Â

mm

Bicon

implant

into

the

incisal

foramen

and

nasopalatinal

canal

In

transverse

view

a

sagittal

view

b

and

frontal

view

c


Fig. 5 Early diagnosed group. a X-ray shows a fracture of the waist of the diagnosis. Thumb spica cast installed. b Three months after cast immobiliza treatment initiated. c After a month of LIPUS treatment, complete healing

Fig

Early

diagnosed

group

a

X

ray

shows

a

fracture

of

the

waist

of

the

diagnosis

Thumb

spica

cast

installed

b

Three

months

after

cast

immobiliza

treatment

initiated

c

After

a

month

of

LIPUS

treatment

complete

healing


Fig. 3 The clinicopathological findings of Case 2. a The preoperative findings: Abdominal CT showed an enlarged left adrenal gland (black arrow). b The macroscopic appearance: The cross-section of the adrenal tumor was solid and grayish white. c, d The histopathological findings: The histopathological examination of the adrenal tumor showed adenocarcinoma, which was compatible with metastasis of primary colon cancer

Fig

The

clinicopathological

findings

of

Case

a

The

preoperative

findings

Abdominal

CT

showed

an

enlarged

left

adrenal

gland

black

arrow

b

The

macroscopic

appearance

The

cross

section

of

the

adrenal

tumor

was

solid

and

grayish

white

c

d

The

histopathological

findings

The

histopathological

examination

of

the

adrenal

tumor

showed

adenocarcinoma

which

was

compatible

with

metastasis

of

primary

colon

cancer


Figure 1. 3D reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) arteriography, demonstrating a right-sided cervical rib fused to a broadened first thoracic rib, with anterior displacement of the subclavian artery. (A) antero-posterior view; (B) oblique view.

Figure

reconstruction

of

computed

tomography

CT

arteriography

demonstrating

a

right

sided

cervical

rib

fused

to

a

broadened

first

thoracic

rib

with

anterior

displacement

of

the

subclavian

artery

A

antero

posterior

view

B

oblique

view


Fig. 2 Male aged 4 years, L4–L5 hemivertebra, a AP LL X-rays, b CAT scan detail, c CAT scan 3D reconstruction, d AP LL X-rays after surgery in brace, e AP LL X-rays detail 3 years follow up

Fig

Male

aged

years

hemivertebra

a

AP

LL

X

rays

b

CAT

scan

detail

c

CAT

scan

reconstruction

d

AP

LL

X

rays

after

surgery

in

brace

e

AP

LL

X

rays

detail

years

follow

up


Fig. 1. MRI shows diffuse, poorly-circumscribed T2 hyper-intense lesions which involve the brainstem and deep regions in both cerebral hemispheres at presentation (A and B). These lesions are not enhanced with Gadolinium (C). Two months later, these lesions extend into both thalamus and periventricular deep white matters (D and E). Definite enhancement is still not noted (F). D

Fig

MRI

shows

diffuse

poorly

circumscribed

hyper

intense

lesions

which

involve

the

brainstem

and

deep

regions

in

both

cerebral

hemispheres

at

presentation

A

and

B

These

lesions

are

not

enhanced

with

Gadolinium

C

Two

months

later

these

lesions

extend

into

both

thalamus

and

periventricular

deep

white

matters

D

and

E

Definite

enhancement

is

still

not

noted

F

D


Figure 1. Case 1. A, Narrowing of the nose due to Wegener granulomatosis. B, Coronal computed tomographic scan showing destruction of the ethmoids and the right nasolacrimal duct causing obstruction.

Figure

Case

A

Narrowing

of

the

nose

due

to

Wegener

granulomatosis

B

Coronal

computed

tomographic

scan

showing

destruction

of

the

ethmoids

and

the

right

nasolacrimal

duct

causing

obstruction


Fig. 1 Insular and hippocampal MRI abnormalities. a MRI during acute phase of the disease (2 weeks after onset) shows diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted images (DWI), hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images bilaterally, right-accentuated in the insular cortex as well as slight hyperintensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR images in both hippocampi. b After 3 months with substantial clinical improvement bi-insular diffusion restriction and FLAIR abnormalities have disappeared; hippocampal T2/ FLAIR hyperintensities are still visible

Fig

Insular

and

hippocampal

MRI

abnormalities

a

MRI

during

acute

phase

of

the

disease

weeks

after

onset

shows

diffusion

restriction

on

diffusion

weighted

images

DWI

hyperintensity

on

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

images

bilaterally

right

accentuated

in

the

insular

cortex

as

well

as

slight

hyperintensity

on

and

FLAIR

images

in

both

hippocampi

b

After

months

with

substantial

clinical

improvement

bi

insular

diffusion

restriction

and

FLAIR

abnormalities

have

disappeared

hippocampal

FLAIR

hyperintensities

are

still

visible


Figure 2. Neck ultrasound imaging. (A) Transversal sonogram showed a 2.3 Â 1.7 cm round hypoechoic nodule posterior to the left thyroid lobe. (B) Color Doppler sonogram showed increased vascularity in the nodule. Spicule sign (arrows) was observed on longitudinal plane during a second review of ultrasound images postoperatively.

Figure

Neck

ultrasound

imaging

A

Transversal

sonogram

showed

a

Â

cm

round

hypoechoic

nodule

posterior

to

the

left

thyroid

lobe

B

Color

Doppler

sonogram

showed

increased

vascularity

in

the

nodule

Spicule

sign

arrows

was

observed

on

longitudinal

plane

during

a

second

review

of

ultrasound

images

postoperatively


Figure 1. Reconstructed midsagittal postmortem computed tomography images of finless porpoise diagnosed with atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) in dorsal-ventral dimension, (a) dorsally displaced AOD and (b) ventrally displaced AOD.

Figure

Reconstructed

midsagittal

postmortem

computed

tomography

images

of

finless

porpoise

diagnosed

with

atlanto

occipital

dissociation

AOD

in

dorsal

ventral

dimension

a

dorsally

displaced

AOD

and

b

ventrally

displaced

AOD


Figure 1. Panel A. 2D Echocardiogram. Parasternal long axis view showing aneurysmal left venticular outflow tract (arrows). Panel B. TEE showing gross displacement of bioprosthetic aortic valve (asterisk) with aneurysmal dilatation pressing into the left atrium (arrow: mitral valve). Panel C. Aneurysm expanded with left ventricular contraction; aortic valve (asterisk). RV = right ventricle; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract.

Figure

Panel

A.

Echocardiogram

Parasternal

long

axis

view

showing

aneurysmal

left

venticular

outflow

tract

arrows

Panel

B.

TEE

showing

gross

displacement

of

bioprosthetic

aortic

valve

asterisk

with

aneurysmal

dilatation

pressing

into

the

left

atrium

arrow

mitral

valve

Panel

C.

Aneurysm

expanded

with

left

ventricular

contraction

aortic

valve

asterisk

RV

right

ventricle

LA

left

atrium

LV

left

ventricle

LVOT

left

ventricular

outflow

tract


FIG. 6. Excitation profiles and TSE images obtained without (left columns) and with (right columns) the use of 3 kT-points on the PTx system. Raw TSE images are presented in the second and third rows. Solid boxes: Zooms over the top-right area of the axial profiles presented in the second row. Improved GM-WM contrast is clearly observed in the temporal lobe in the inset corresponding to the anatomical image acquired by using 3 kT-points. Dashed boxes: Sagittal and coronal views of the raw TSE images for slices different from the ones presented in the second row. Blue arrows highlight brain parts for which signal homogeneity was highly improved, whereas green arrows point out the fact that structures known to be iron rich are clearly distinguishable on the TSE images acquired using kT-points. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

FIG

Excitation

profiles

and

TSE

images

obtained

without

left

columns

and

with

right

columns

the

use

of

kT

points

on

the

PTx

system

Raw

TSE

images

are

presented

in

the

second

and

third

rows

Solid

boxes

Zooms

over

the

top

right

area

of

the

axial

profiles

presented

in

the

second

row

Improved

GM

WM

contrast

is

clearly

observed

in

the

temporal

lobe

in

the

inset

corresponding

to

the

anatomical

image

acquired

by

using

kT

points

Dashed

boxes

Sagittal

and

coronal

views

of

the

raw

TSE

images

for

slices

different

from

the

ones

presented

in

the

second

row

Blue

arrows

highlight

brain

parts

for

which

signal

homogeneity

was

highly

improved

whereas

green

arrows

point

out

the

fact

that

structures

known

to

be

iron

rich

are

clearly

distinguishable

on

the

TSE

images

acquired

using

kT

points

Color

figure

can

be

viewed

in

the

online

issue

which

is

available

at

wileyonlinelibrary.com


Fig. 3. Case 17: An 18-year-old female had a right parietal glioblastoma partially removed in a hospital in May 2005 (A). We performed re-craniotomy to remove the additional tumor and settled the Ommaya’s reservoir to fill the cavity with air before neutron irradiation (B). MRI taken 26 months after BNCT is shown in C. The white arrow shows a newly appearing Gd-enhanced lesion, which was judged to be radiation necrosis. BPA-PETs taken prior to BNCT and 2 years after BNCT are listed in the left panel in rows A and C, respectively.

Fig

Case

An

old

female

had

a

right

parietal

glioblastoma

partially

removed

in

a

hospital

in

May

A

We

performed

re

craniotomy

to

remove

the

additional

tumor

and

settled

the

Ommaya

’s

reservoir

to

fill

the

cavity

with

air

before

neutron

irradiation

B

MRI

taken

months

after

BNCT

is

shown

in

C.

The

white

arrow

shows

a

newly

appearing

Gd

enhanced

lesion

which

was

judged

to

be

radiation

necrosis

BPA

PETs

taken

prior

to

BNCT

and

years

after

BNCT

are

listed

in

the

left

panel

in

rows

A

and

C

respectively


Figure 2 In situ hybridisation detection of K light chain mRNA and IgA by immunofluorescence. (2A) Kappa light chain mRNA (red) and immunofluorescence for cytoplasmic IgA (green). Double labelled cells are seen with red nuclear andgreen cytoplasmic signal, (viewed before counterstaining). (2B) Bright field counterpart of (2A). In situ detection of K light chain mRNA using a digoxigenin labelled oligonucleotide probe on a formol salinefixed duodenal biopsy specimen (viewed after counterstaining with Mayer's haematoxylin).

Figure

In

situ

hybridisation

detection

of

K

light

chain

mRNA

and

IgA

by

immunofluorescence

Kappa

light

chain

mRNA

red

and

immunofluorescence

for

cytoplasmic

IgA

green

Double

labelled

cells

are

seen

with

red

nuclear

andgreen

cytoplasmic

signal

viewed

before

counterstaining

Bright

field

counterpart

of

In

situ

detection

of

K

light

chain

mRNA

using

a

digoxigenin

labelled

oligonucleotide

probe

on

a

formol

salinefixed

duodenal

biopsy

specimen

viewed

after

counterstaining

with

Mayer

's

haematoxylin


Figure 1 CT demonstrated hypodense nodule. Immediately enhanced in the early phase (A) and quickly de-enhanced in the late phase (B) after injection of contrast.

Figure

CT

demonstrated

hypodense

nodule

Immediately

enhanced

in

the

early

phase

A

and

quickly

de

enhanced

in

the

late

phase

B

after

injection

of

contrast


Fig. 6. Colocalisation studies of Tat-TPP versus LysoTracker Green or MitoTracker Green in HN5 cells by confocal microscopy. Cells were incubated 2.5 μM Tat-TPP for 18 h. 50 nM of LysoTracker Green or MitoTracker Green was applied to cells 30 min before imaging. A and D: Tat-TPP; B: LysoTracker Green; C: merged A and B; E: MitoTracker Green; F: merged D and E. Scale bar: 20 μm.

Fig

Colocalisation

studies

of

Tat

TPP

versus

LysoTracker

Green

or

MitoTracker

Green

in

cells

by

confocal

microscopy

Cells

were

incubated

μM

Tat

TPP

for

h.

nM

of

LysoTracker

Green

or

MitoTracker

Green

was

applied

to

cells

min

before

imaging

A

and

D

Tat

TPP

B

LysoTracker

Green

C

merged

A

and

B

E

MitoTracker

Green

F

merged

D

and

E.

Scale

bar

μm


Figure 4. Molar enamel organs from K14-Cre p120-cKO mice are dysplastic and are adjacent to blood filled sinusoids. Wild-type mouse molars with identified tissue structures are presented (A) as a comparison to the molars from the cKO mice (B–D). Note that the enamel space (resulting from the demineralization of enamel) in the cKO mouse molars was greatly reduced in width (B) when compared to wild-type molars. Unusual large, blood-filled sinusoids were present, such as the one between the first (M1) and second (M2) molars in this section. The enamel organ morphology became dysplastic in the p120 ablated mice (C) and a high magnification (D) of an enamel organ between two cusp tips (CT) revealed the presence of clear vacuoles (Vac) where tissues were separated. With few exceptions, the ameloblasts, stratum intermedium, and stellate reticulum layers could not be definitively identified. A thick normal appearing layer of dentin was present in the cKO mouse molar teeth. PO, pulp organ. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012703.g004

Figure

Molar

enamel

organs

from

mice

are

dysplastic

and

are

adjacent

to

blood

filled

sinusoids

Wild

type

mouse

molars

with

identified

tissue

structures

are

presented

A

as

a

comparison

to

the

molars

from

the

cKO

mice

B

D

Note

that

the

enamel

space

resulting

from

the

demineralization

of

enamel

in

the

cKO

mouse

molars

was

greatly

reduced

in

width

B

when

compared

to

wild

type

molars

Unusual

large

blood

filled

sinusoids

were

present

such

as

the

one

between

the

first

and

second

molars

in

this

section

The

enamel

organ

morphology

became

dysplastic

in

the

ablated

mice

C

and

a

high

magnification

D

of

an

enamel

organ

between

two

cusp

tips

CT

revealed

the

presence

of

clear

vacuoles

Vac

where

tissues

were

separated

With

few

exceptions

the

ameloblasts

stratum

intermedium

and

stellate

reticulum

layers

could

not

be

definitively

identified

A

thick

normal

appearing

layer

of

dentin

was

present

in

the

cKO

mouse

molar

teeth

PO

pulp

organ


Figure 2 DEDD requires a nuclear localization to be proapoptotic. (A) Localization of FLAG tagged DEDD NLS mutants in transiently transfected 293T cells. Arrows point to subnuclear structures that are enriched in transfected DEDD. (B) The degree of DNA fragmentation in 293T cells transiently transfected with DEDD or DEDD without a functional NLS (DNLS1-3). The experiment shown is representative of three independent experiments. (C) Localization of FLAG tagged DEDD and some of its mutants in transiently transfected HeLa cells Cell Death and Differentiation

Figure

DEDD

requires

a

nuclear

localization

to

be

proapoptotic

A

Localization

of

FLAG

tagged

DEDD

NLS

mutants

in

transiently

transfected

T

cells

Arrows

point

to

subnuclear

structures

that

are

enriched

in

transfected

DEDD

B

The

degree

of

DNA

fragmentation

in

T

cells

transiently

transfected

with

DEDD

or

DEDD

without

a

functional

NLS

The

experiment

shown

is

representative

of

three

independent

experiments

C

Localization

of

FLAG

tagged

DEDD

and

some

of

its

mutants

in

transiently

transfected

HeLa

cells

Cell

Death

and

Differentiation


Figure 1 Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showing a large-sized mesenteric cyst. A: Coronal plane-craniocadual diameter of 21.7 cm; B: Transverse plane - transverse diameter of 11.8 cm; C: Sagittal plane - antero-posterior diameter of 14 cm.

Figure

Computed

tomography

of

the

abdomen

and

pelvis

showing

a

large

sized

mesenteric

cyst

A

Coronal

plane

craniocadual

diameter

of

cm

B

Transverse

plane

transverse

diameter

of

cm

C

Sagittal

plane

antero

posterior

diameter

of

cm


Figure 3. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the head prior to initiation of anti-Toxoplasma therapy. The axial T1- and T2-weighted MRI images show high intensity in the marginal lesions and low intensity in the lesions in the cerebrum. In the T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, high-intensity areas are observed around the lesions in the white matter.

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

images

MRI

of

the

head

prior

to

initiation

of

anti

Toxoplasma

therapy

The

axial

and

MRI

images

show

high

intensity

in

the

marginal

lesions

and

low

intensity

in

the

lesions

in

the

cerebrum

In

the

diffusion

weighted

images

and

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

images

high

intensity

areas

are

observed

around

the

lesions

in

the

white

matter


Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain. (A) Postcontrast T1WI image showed a lesion in the right frontal lobe with ring-like enhancement (empty arrow). (B) T2 FLAIR showed a lesion with isointensity or slightly high signal intensity in the right frontal lobe with surrounding edema (empty arrow). (C) Postcontrast T1WI image showed the lesion in the right parietal lobe was strongly enhanced (white arrow). (D) T2 FLAIR showed a lesion with slightly high signal intensity in the right parietal lobe without apparent edema (white arrow).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

scan

of

the

brain

A

Postcontrast

image

showed

a

lesion

in

the

right

frontal

lobe

with

ring

like

enhancement

empty

arrow

B

FLAIR

showed

a

lesion

with

isointensity

or

slightly

high

signal

intensity

in

the

right

frontal

lobe

with

surrounding

edema

empty

arrow

C

Postcontrast

image

showed

the

lesion

in

the

right

parietal

lobe

was

strongly

enhanced

white

arrow

D

FLAIR

showed

a

lesion

with

slightly

high

signal

intensity

in

the

right

parietal

lobe

without

apparent

edema

white

arrow


Fig. 3 – (Case 1) (A) Positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) (PET–CT) shows avid uptake in the left breast mass with standardized uptake value (SUV) of 38.3. (B) Mild uptake seen in the left axillary nodes (yellow circle) with maximum SUV of 3.8. No evidence of metastatic disease was seen elsewhere on the PET. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig

Case

A

Positron

emission

tomography

PET)–computed

tomography

CT

PET

CT

shows

avid

uptake

in

the

left

breast

mass

with

standardized

uptake

value

SUV

of

B

Mild

uptake

seen

in

the

left

axillary

nodes

yellow

circle

with

maximum

SUV

of

No

evidence

of

metastatic

disease

was

seen

elsewhere

on

the

PET

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

color

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

this

article


Fig. 1 A 17-year-old patient, diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma in the distal third of the left tibia, which invaded the growth cartilage. A. Clinical aspects. B. Preoperative radiological examination. C. Whole body scintigraphy scan - replacement process space well vascularized to the left tibia D. MRI – fusiform heterogeneous tumor mass confined to tibia

Fig

A

old

patient

diagnosed

with

Ewing

sarcoma

in

the

distal

third

of

the

left

tibia

which

invaded

the

growth

cartilage

A.

Clinical

aspects

B.

Preoperative

radiological

examination

C.

Whole

body

scintigraphy

scan

replacement

process

space

well

vascularized

to

the

left

tibia

D.

MRI

fusiform

heterogeneous

tumor

mass

confined

to

tibia


FIGURE 3 | Intravital imaging of iNKT cells in the lymph node and spleen of Cxcr6 Gfp/+ mice. (A) Still image demonstrating distribution of iNKT cells (bright green) in different regions of a lymph node. Vasculature of the lymph node is labelled with PECAM-1 (blue). The medullar and interfollicular regions are outlined in yellow while the paracortex is outlined in white. 10× objective, scale bar 210 µm. (B) Still snapshot of splenic iNKT cells (bright green) in red pulp of spleen reveals that these cells are located outside the vasculature (blue). Arrows: extravascular iNKT cells. 20× objective, scale bar 50 µm.

FIGURE

Intravital

imaging

of

iNKT

cells

in

the

lymph

node

and

spleen

of

Gfp/+

mice

A

Still

image

demonstrating

distribution

of

iNKT

cells

bright

green

in

different

regions

of

a

lymph

node

Vasculature

of

the

lymph

node

is

labelled

with

blue

The

medullar

and

interfollicular

regions

are

outlined

in

yellow

while

the

paracortex

is

outlined

in

white

objective

scale

bar

µm

B

Still

snapshot

of

splenic

iNKT

cells

bright

green

in

red

pulp

of

spleen

reveals

that

these

cells

are

located

outside

the

vasculature

blue

Arrows

extravascular

iNKT

cells

objective

scale

bar

µm


Fig. 4 Patient 4. Sagittal T 1 -weighted image (A) showing the flat brainstem (white arrow). Axial T 2 -weighted image (B) showing supratentorial absence of myelination (white arrow) and dilatation of the lateral ventricles, particularly the posterior horns (black arrow). Axial FLAIR (C) showing the cystic areas in the white matter of the temporal regions (white arrows).

Fig

Patient

Sagittal

T

-weighted

image

A

showing

the

flat

brainstem

white

arrow

Axial

T

-weighted

image

B

showing

supratentorial

absence

of

myelination

white

arrow

and

dilatation

of

the

lateral

ventricles

particularly

the

posterior

horns

black

arrow

Axial

FLAIR

C

showing

the

cystic

areas

in

the

white

matter

of

the

temporal

regions

white

arrows


Fig. 4. Echocardiogram in patient 3 at the time of admission to neurology department due to stroke. Although dominant rhythm during the admission was atrial fibrillation, sinus rhythm was occasionally noted and even in the sinus rhythm, patient showed restrictive physiology. (A) Apical 4 chamber view showing marked left atrial enlargement. (B, C) Mitral inflow and mitral annulus velocity profiles. A

Fig

Echocardiogram

in

patient

at

the

time

of

admission

to

neurology

department

due

to

stroke

Although

dominant

rhythm

during

the

admission

was

atrial

fibrillation

sinus

rhythm

was

occasionally

noted

and

even

in

the

sinus

rhythm

patient

showed

restrictive

physiology

A

Apical

chamber

view

showing

marked

left

atrial

enlargement

B

C

Mitral

inflow

and

mitral

annulus

velocity

profiles

A


Fig. 2 Double aortic arch. a Illustration showing the appearances of a double aortic arch, with a dominant right arch. The right arch gives off the right subclavian (RSC) and right common carotid (RCC) branches, while the left arch gives off the left subclavian (LSC) and left common carotid (LCC) arteries. Both the trachea and oesophagus are completely encircled and compressed by the vascular ring. b Axial CT scan shows the fourvessel sign. The first branch is the right subclavian (RSC) artery, the second is the right common carotid artery (RCC), the third is the left common carotid (LCC) artery and the fourth is the left subclavian (LSC) artery. c Axial MIP image shows bilateral aortic arches encircling the trachea and oesophagus. The right aortic arch (arrow) is larger than the left aortic arch (arrowhead). d Coronal reconstructed CT image at the

Fig

Double

aortic

arch

a

Illustration

showing

the

appearances

of

a

double

aortic

arch

with

a

dominant

right

arch

The

right

arch

gives

off

the

right

subclavian

RSC

and

right

common

carotid

RCC

branches

while

the

left

arch

gives

off

the

left

subclavian

LSC

and

left

common

carotid

LCC

arteries

Both

the

trachea

and

oesophagus

are

completely

encircled

and

compressed

by

the

vascular

ring

b

Axial

CT

scan

shows

the

fourvessel

sign

The

first

branch

is

the

right

subclavian

RSC

artery

the

second

is

the

right

common

carotid

artery

RCC

the

third

is

the

left

common

carotid

LCC

artery

and

the

fourth

is

the

left

subclavian

LSC

artery

c

Axial

MIP

image

shows

bilateral

aortic

arches

encircling

the

trachea

and

oesophagus

The

right

aortic

arch

arrow

is

larger

than

the

left

aortic

arch

arrowhead

d

Coronal

reconstructed

CT

image

at

the


Figure 5. 64 Cu-fluorescent magnetic NPs facilitate PET-CT imaging of inflammatory atherosclerosis in apoE −/− mice. Fused PET-CT images of the (A) aortic root, (B) arch, and (C) carotid artery of aged apoE −/− mice show a strong PET signal in these vascular territories with high plaque burden, whereas no activity is observed in the same vasculature of wild-type mice (D)-(F). (G)-(H) Hematoxylin and eosin histology of respective vascular regions, which carry a high plaque burden in apoE −/− but not in wild-type mice (I)-(K) (magnification: 400× for (G) and (I), 200× for (H) and (K); bar = 0.4 mm). The three-dimensional maximum intensity reconstruction of the fused data set (L) demonstrates the focal PET signal area surrounded by dashed white line in the proximal thoracic aorta area surrounded by solid white line of an apoE −/− mouse but not in a wild-type mouse (M). (Reproduced from [44] with permission.)

Figure

Cu

fluorescent

magnetic

NPs

facilitate

PET

CT

imaging

of

inflammatory

atherosclerosis

in

apoE

mice

Fused

PET

CT

images

of

the

A

aortic

root

B

arch

and

C

carotid

artery

of

aged

apoE

mice

show

a

strong

PET

signal

in

these

vascular

territories

with

high

plaque

burden

whereas

no

activity

is

observed

in

the

same

vasculature

of

wild

type

mice

D)-(F

G)-(H

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

histology

of

respective

vascular

regions

which

carry

a

high

plaque

burden

in

apoE

but

not

in

wild

type

mice

I)-(K

magnification

for

G

and

I

for

H

and

K

bar

mm

The

three

dimensional

maximum

intensity

reconstruction

of

the

fused

data

set

L

demonstrates

the

focal

PET

signal

area

surrounded

by

dashed

white

line

in

the

proximal

thoracic

aorta

area

surrounded

by

solid

white

line

of

an

apoE

mouse

but

not

in

a

wild

type

mouse

M

Reproduced

from

with

permission


Figure 9. SEM micrographs of the fracture surface at different areas along radial and axial directions: (a,b) center of the ingot; (c,d) 1/2 radius of the ingot; (e,f) near the surface of the ingot; (a,c,e) along the radial direction; (b,d,f) along the axial direction.

Figure

SEM

micrographs

of

the

fracture

surface

at

different

areas

along

radial

and

axial

directions

a

b

center

of

the

ingot

c

d

radius

of

the

ingot

e

f

near

the

surface

of

the

ingot

a

c

e

along

the

radial

direction

b

d

f

along

the

axial

direction


Figure 1 (a) MRI of patient 2 in March 2005. (b) MRI of patient 2 in June 2007. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

Figure

a

MRI

of

patient

in

March

b

MRI

of

patient

in

June

MRI

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Figure 2: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the left elbow of an eight year-old boy from the axial view showing an ill-defined and multilobulated lesion, including (A) T1-weighted, (B) T2-weighted, (C) T1-weighted fat-saturated and (D) T1-weighted postgadolinium contrast images. The epicentre of the mass was located in the proximal intramedullary region involving the supinator muscle in the posteromedial compartment of the left proximal forearm. The lesion was slightly hyperintense on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging, with internal linear and punctate hypodensities. The signal intensity was not suppressed on fat saturation. Post-gadolinium administration, the lesion demonstrated avid yet heterogeneous enhancement (arrow) with a well-defined oval calcification (arrowhead).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

scans

of

the

left

elbow

of

an

eight

year

old

boy

from

the

axial

view

showing

an

ill

defined

and

multilobulated

lesion

including

A

B

C

fat

saturated

and

D

postgadolinium

contrast

images

The

epicentre

of

the

mass

was

located

in

the

proximal

intramedullary

region

involving

the

supinator

muscle

in

the

posteromedial

compartment

of

the

left

proximal

forearm

The

lesion

was

slightly

hyperintense

on

imaging

and

hyperintense

on

imaging

with

internal

linear

and

punctate

hypodensities

The

signal

intensity

was

not

suppressed

on

fat

saturation

Post

gadolinium

administration

the

lesion

demonstrated

avid

yet

heterogeneous

enhancement

arrow

with

a

well

defined

oval

calcification

arrowhead


Fig. 3. 64-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer. Patient had dysfunction of endoscopic metallic stent and subsequently inserted plastic stent. A. Cholangiogram shows multifocal filling defects in bile duct and dysfunction of endoscopic metallic and plastic stent. B. After removal of plastic stent, bile duct and metallic stent were irrigated through drainage catheter. C. Cholangiogram after placement of double stents (10 mm x 23 cm) shows fluent passage of contrast medium through stent into jejunum. Note inner covered stent (arrows) and outer uncovered stent (arrowheads).

Fig

old

woman

with

pancreatic

cancer

Patient

had

dysfunction

of

endoscopic

metallic

stent

and

subsequently

inserted

plastic

stent

A.

Cholangiogram

shows

multifocal

filling

defects

in

bile

duct

and

dysfunction

of

endoscopic

metallic

and

plastic

stent

B.

After

removal

of

plastic

stent

bile

duct

and

metallic

stent

were

irrigated

through

drainage

catheter

C.

Cholangiogram

after

placement

of

double

stents

mm

x

cm

shows

fluent

passage

of

contrast

medium

through

stent

into

jejunum

Note

inner

covered

stent

arrows

and

outer

uncovered

stent

arrowheads


Fig. 4 Perineurioma of the right posteromedial thigh. a, b Axial T2 SPAIR and sagittal STIR images reveal a mass (arrows) with honeycomb pattern, classic for perineurioma. c DWI (b = 400 s/mm2) and d colored ADC maps reveal high ADC = 1.9– 2.0 × 10-3 mm2/s, consistent with a benign lesion. Surgical histology revealed a myxoid perineurioma

Fig

Perineurioma

of

the

right

posteromedial

thigh

a

b

Axial

SPAIR

and

sagittal

STIR

images

reveal

a

mass

arrows

with

honeycomb

pattern

classic

for

perineurioma

c

DWI

b

s

and

d

colored

ADC

maps

reveal

high

ADC

s

consistent

with

a

benign

lesion

Surgical

histology

revealed

a

myxoid

perineurioma


Figure 2. Case 2. (A) Computed tomography showing the lesion in the sacrum. (B) 99 mTc HYNIC TOC SPECT/CT scans showing uptake in the same area. (C) The back wall of the S1 vertebral body was deficient and the cement leaked into the canal. (D) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections from the biopsy specimen confirmed extraadrenal pheochromocytoma. (E) Decompression operation was undertaken 2 months after the sacroplasty procedure.

Figure

Case

A

Computed

tomography

showing

the

lesion

in

the

sacrum

B

mTc

HYNIC

TOC

SPECT

CT

scans

showing

uptake

in

the

same

area

C

The

back

wall

of

the

vertebral

body

was

deficient

and

the

cement

leaked

into

the

canal

D

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

stained

histological

sections

from

the

biopsy

specimen

confirmed

extraadrenal

pheochromocytoma

E

Decompression

operation

was

undertaken

months

after

the

sacroplasty

procedure


Fig. 1. (a) SEM images and (b) EDS line scan results of TieMg MMCs.

Fig

a

SEM

images

and

b

EDS

line

scan

results

of

TieMg

MMCs


Figure 2. Morphological changes of cells mashed by an ultrasonic processor. (A) Normal chondrocytes and (B) cells mashed by an ultrasonic processor showed no structure (original magnification, x200).

Figure

Morphological

changes

of

cells

mashed

by

an

ultrasonic

processor

A

Normal

chondrocytes

and

B

cells

mashed

by

an

ultrasonic

processor

showed

no

structure

original

magnification


Fig. 2. Computed tomography(CT) scan head showing foreign body passing from frontal to occipital region with metallic artifacts;(A) Parenchymal window and (B) bone window.

Fig

Computed

tomography(CT

scan

head

showing

foreign

body

passing

from

frontal

to

occipital

region

with

metallic

artifacts;(A

Parenchymal

window

and

B

bone

window


Figure 2. CTHA, CTAP, and DSA before and after the DEB-TACE procedure on first angiography. A: The tumors showed enhancement on CTHA. B: The tumors showed no enhancement on CTAP. C: DSA of the PHA demonstrated two hypervascular tumors. D: DSA after DEB-TACE showed tumor blush (arrowheads). CTHA: CT during hepatic arteriography, CTAP: CT during arterial portography, DSA: digital subtraction angiography, DEB-TACE: drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, PHA: proper hepatic artery, MHA: middle hepatic artery, RHA: right hepatic artery, LHA: left hepatic artery

Figure

CTHA

CTAP

and

DSA

before

and

after

the

DEB

TACE

procedure

on

first

angiography

A

The

tumors

showed

enhancement

on

CTHA

B

The

tumors

showed

no

enhancement

on

CTAP

C

DSA

of

the

PHA

demonstrated

two

hypervascular

tumors

D

DSA

after

DEB

TACE

showed

tumor

blush

arrowheads

CTHA

CT

during

hepatic

arteriography

CTAP

CT

during

arterial

portography

DSA

digital

subtraction

angiography

DEB

TACE

drug

eluting

bead

transarterial

chemoembolization

PHA

proper

hepatic

artery

MHA

middle

hepatic

artery

RHA

right

hepatic

artery

LHA

left

hepatic

artery


Figure 3. Examples of lesions detected using 7-T T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A, one patient who received a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) had an MRI brain scan that shows a lesion that appears to have a vein coursing through it. B, another patient who did not receive a diagnosis of MS had an MRI brain scan that shows a microangiopathic lesion that does not have a vein passing through its center.

Figure

Examples

of

lesions

detected

using

-weighted

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

A

one

patient

who

received

a

diagnosis

of

multiple

sclerosis

MS

had

an

MRI

brain

scan

that

shows

a

lesion

that

appears

to

have

a

vein

coursing

through

it

B

another

patient

who

did

not

receive

a

diagnosis

of

MS

had

an

MRI

brain

scan

that

shows

a

microangiopathic

lesion

that

does

not

have

a

vein

passing

through

its

center


Fig. 6 OFDI imaging of thrombus within a coronary stent implanted into a cadaveric coronary artery. The stent contains NIR fluorescent fibrin. A. OFDI Cross-sectional image with thrombus (yellow). B. OFDI cross sectional image with stent struts and micro-thrombi (yellow). C. NIRF cylindrical rendering of fibrin signal acquired by the dual-modality imaging catheter. D. Matching NIR FRI with Cy7 filter set confirms the in vivo findings. Reproduced by permission from reference [16]

Fig

OFDI

imaging

of

thrombus

within

a

coronary

stent

implanted

into

a

cadaveric

coronary

artery

The

stent

contains

NIR

fluorescent

fibrin

A.

OFDI

Cross

sectional

image

with

thrombus

yellow

B.

OFDI

cross

sectional

image

with

stent

struts

and

micro

thrombi

yellow

C.

NIRF

cylindrical

rendering

of

fibrin

signal

acquired

by

the

dual

modality

imaging

catheter

D.

Matching

NIR

FRI

with

filter

set

confirms

the

in

vivo

findings

Reproduced

by

permission

from

reference


Fig 1. A, Preoperative bronchogram. B, Preoperative endoscopy.

Fig

A

Preoperative

bronchogram

B

Preoperative

endoscopy


FIG. 1. Results of DTA and reconstruction procedure on image of vertebral trabecular bone sample (3.2 × 3.2 × 2.1 mm 3 ). (A) An original CT image (full voxel model) of a trabecular bone sample. (B) Skeletonized image (skeleton model) of A. (C) Results of topological classification of B. Plate voxels are shown as dark gray, rod voxels in lighter shading. (D) Reconstructed structures with the trabecular type labeled for each voxel. (E) Rod-reconstructed model. (F) Platereconstructed model.

FIG

Results

of

DTA

and

reconstruction

procedure

on

image

of

vertebral

trabecular

bone

sample

mm

A

An

original

CT

image

full

voxel

model

of

a

trabecular

bone

sample

B

Skeletonized

image

skeleton

model

of

A.

C

Results

of

topological

classification

of

B.

Plate

voxels

are

shown

as

dark

gray

rod

voxels

in

lighter

shading

D

Reconstructed

structures

with

the

trabecular

type

labeled

for

each

voxel

E

Rod

reconstructed

model

F

Platereconstructed

model


Figure 3. Double-staining immunofluorescence of wt-MDCK cells: comparison between localization of reductase and mitochondria. Cells expressing wt-reductase were doubly stained with a goat polyclonal antibody against rat cyt b 5 reductase and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against bovine complex III. Reductase and complex III were revealed with biotinylated monoclonal anti-goat IgG, followed by Texas red-conjugated streptavidin (A) and FITC-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (B), respectively. The figure shows the same field of ceils viewed under the rhodamine (A) or FITC (B) filter. Reductase (A) shows a punctate pattern superimposed on a more diffuse reticular stain. The punctate pattern is in great part coincident with the pattern obtained with the anti-complex III antibody. Arrowheads in A and B indicate some of the points of coincidence. In addition, the anti-reductase antibody clearly stains the nuclear envelope (A, arrow), which is not stained by the anti-complex III antibody (B): Asterisks in both panels indicate cells that express low levels of reductase. Bar, 5 ~m.

Figure

Double

staining

immunofluorescence

of

wt

MDCK

cells

comparison

between

localization

of

reductase

and

mitochondria

Cells

expressing

wt

reductase

were

doubly

stained

with

a

goat

polyclonal

antibody

against

rat

cyt

b

reductase

and

a

rabbit

polyclonal

antibody

against

bovine

complex

III

Reductase

and

complex

III

were

revealed

with

biotinylated

monoclonal

anti

goat

IgG

followed

by

Texas

red

conjugated

streptavidin

A

and

FITC

conjugated

donkey

anti

rabbit

IgG

B

respectively

The

figure

shows

the

same

field

of

ceils

viewed

under

the

rhodamine

A

or

FITC

B

filter

Reductase

A

shows

a

punctate

pattern

superimposed

on

a

more

diffuse

reticular

stain

The

punctate

pattern

is

in

great

part

coincident

with

the

pattern

obtained

with

the

anti

complex

III

antibody

Arrowheads

in

A

and

B

indicate

some

of

the

points

of

coincidence

In

addition

the

anti

reductase

antibody

clearly

stains

the

nuclear

envelope

A

arrow

which

is

not

stained

by

the

anti

complex

III

antibody

B

Asterisks

in

both

panels

indicate

cells

that

express

low

levels

of

reductase

Bar

~m


Figure 3. (A) Axial and (B) coronal CT images of the abdomen demonstrating bilateral adrenal masses measuring 2.3 x 4.3 cm on the left and 3.3 x 3.3 cm on the right.

Figure

A

Axial

and

B

coronal

CT

images

of

the

abdomen

demonstrating

bilateral

adrenal

masses

measuring

x

cm

on

the

left

and

x

cm

on

the

right


Figure 1. Neuroimaging Study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain axial T1 (A) and coronal T1 (B) Axial T1 and coronal T1: bilateral caudate atrophy with global parenchymal loss.

Figure

Neuroimaging

Study

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

the

brain

axial

A

and

coronal

B

Axial

and

coronal

bilateral

caudate

atrophy

with

global

parenchymal

loss


Fig. 7 a–g Ductal adenocarcinoma. Axial T2-weighted (a, b) and axial post-contrast T1-weighted images (c, d) show a small lesion at the level of the pancreatic body with an abrupt cut-off of the main pancreatic duct, better visualised on MRCP (e). After secretin stimulation (f, g) there is a persistent stenosis, without the duct-penetrating sign

Fig

a

g

Ductal

adenocarcinoma

Axial

a

b

and

axial

post

contrast

images

c

d

show

a

small

lesion

at

the

level

of

the

pancreatic

body

with

an

abrupt

cut

off

of

the

main

pancreatic

duct

better

visualised

on

MRCP

e

After

secretin

stimulation

f

g

there

is

a

persistent

stenosis

without

the

duct

penetrating

sign


Figure 4 A 49-year-old woman with a known left adrenal adenoma, who developed right breast carcinoma that subsequently, metastasized to the left adrenal gland, resulting in the development of an ACT. Axial T1-weighted in-phase (A) and opposed-phase (B) magnetic resonance (MR) images show a nodule in the left adrenal gland, which is isointense on in-phase image and demonstrates signal drop on opposed-phase image (black arrow), consistent with an adrenal adenoma. (C) Axial contrast-enhanced CT image after 5 years demonstrates interval enlargement and heterogeneous enhancement of the left adrenal mass (white arrow), concerning for metastases from patient s known breast carcinoma. This lesion was proved to be an ACT on histopathologic examination. (D) Axial T1-weighted opposed-phase MR image depicts heterogeneous left adrenal mass with foci of mixed high and low signal intensity, consistent with ACT (black arrowhead), which was proved subsequently on histopathologic examination.

Figure

A

old

woman

with

a

known

left

adrenal

adenoma

who

developed

right

breast

carcinoma

that

subsequently

metastasized

to

the

left

adrenal

gland

resulting

in

the

development

of

an

ACT

Axial

in

phase

A

and

opposed

phase

B

magnetic

resonance

MR

images

show

a

nodule

in

the

left

adrenal

gland

which

is

isointense

on

in

phase

image

and

demonstrates

signal

drop

on

opposed

phase

image

black

arrow

consistent

with

an

adrenal

adenoma

C

Axial

contrast

enhanced

CT

image

after

years

demonstrates

interval

enlargement

and

heterogeneous

enhancement

of

the

left

adrenal

mass

white

arrow

concerning

for

metastases

from

patient

s

known

breast

carcinoma

This

lesion

was

proved

to

be

an

ACT

on

histopathologic

examination

D

Axial

opposed

phase

MR

image

depicts

heterogeneous

left

adrenal

mass

with

foci

of

mixed

high

and

low

signal

intensity

consistent

with

ACT

black

arrowhead

which

was

proved

subsequently

on

histopathologic

examination


Figure 11 CT (A) and 2D TTE (B) slices crossing the region of membranous septum (MS). The septal leaflet (SL) of tricuspid valve is inserted on the right side of MS dividing it into atrioventricular (AVMS) and interventricular components (IVMS). (C) 3D TOE image showing a long axis view perspective. The area in red box is magnified in (D) showing in en face view the MB from a ventricular perspective (arrow). The dotted line marks the interleaflet triangle between right (RC) and non-coronary (NC) aortic leaflets.

Figure

CT

A

and

TTE

B

slices

crossing

the

region

of

membranous

septum

MS

The

septal

leaflet

SL

of

tricuspid

valve

is

inserted

on

the

right

side

of

MS

dividing

it

into

atrioventricular

AVMS

and

interventricular

components

IVMS

C

TOE

image

showing

a

long

axis

view

perspective

The

area

in

red

box

is

magnified

in

D

showing

in

en

face

view

the

MB

from

a

ventricular

perspective

arrow

The

dotted

line

marks

the

interleaflet

triangle

between

right

RC

and

non

coronary

NC

aortic

leaflets


Figure 2. Case 1: (a, b) Pre-reduction MRI shows the disco-ligamentous injury at C3/4 level, and the spinal cord edema on the left side seen in axial cut. (c–e) Follow-up MRI shows the healing of the disco-ligamentous injury at C3/4 level, and complete subsidence of the spinal cord edema.

Figure

Case

a

b

Pre

reduction

MRI

shows

the

disco

ligamentous

injury

at

level

and

the

spinal

cord

edema

on

the

left

side

seen

in

axial

cut

c

e

Follow

up

MRI

shows

the

healing

of

the

disco

ligamentous

injury

at

level

and

complete

subsidence

of

the

spinal

cord

edema


Fig. 2. Neuroimages obtained in a 57-year-old woman with several medical comorbidities in whom severe, destructive spinal osteomyelitis associated with profound lumbosacral instability developed, as demonstrated on preoperative dynamic imaging. A: Preoperative MR image revealing the severity of the destructive osteomyelitic process. B and C: Postoperative lateral (B) and anteroposterior (C) x-ray films obtained after completion of circumferential spinal stabilization including bilateral iliac fixation.

Fig

Neuroimages

obtained

in

a

old

woman

with

several

medical

comorbidities

in

whom

severe

destructive

spinal

osteomyelitis

associated

with

profound

lumbosacral

instability

developed

as

demonstrated

on

preoperative

dynamic

imaging

A

Preoperative

MR

image

revealing

the

severity

of

the

destructive

osteomyelitic

process

B

and

C

Postoperative

lateral

B

and

anteroposterior

C

x

ray

films

obtained

after

completion

of

circumferential

spinal

stabilization

including

bilateral

iliac

fixation


Fig. 3 Patient 15. There is a large erosion of the dorsal navicular bone, seen on the coronal and sagittal CT images (panels (a) and (b), red arrows) but no corresponding green-coded (MSU) deposits in or around the erosion on the DECT images (panels (c-d))

Fig

Patient

There

is

a

large

erosion

of

the

dorsal

navicular

bone

seen

on

the

coronal

and

sagittal

CT

images

panels

a

and

b

red

arrows

but

no

corresponding

green

coded

MSU

deposits

in

or

around

the

erosion

on

the

DECT

images

panels

c

d


Figure 2. Pre- and post-operative images of a patient who received UPSFC. A – The preoperative image of CT scan for huge disc herniation at right side. B – Preoperative T2 WI MRI scanning for protrusion of intervertebral disc at L5/S1. C – X-ray image of lateral projection detected 1 week after operation. No alteration in the position of nail stick and cage was detected. D – X-ray image of lateral projection detected 1 year after operation

Figure

Pre-

and

post

operative

images

of

a

patient

who

received

UPSFC

A

The

preoperative

image

of

CT

scan

for

huge

disc

herniation

at

right

side

B

Preoperative

WI

MRI

scanning

for

protrusion

of

intervertebral

disc

at

C

X

ray

image

of

lateral

projection

detected

week

after

operation

No

alteration

in

the

position

of

nail

stick

and

cage

was

detected

D

X

ray

image

of

lateral

projection

detected

year

after

operation


Fig. 2 a Gross feature of gastric-type adenocarcinoma (GAS). The cervix was partially or entirely replaced by a firm indurated mass imparting a barrel-shaped enlargement. b-c, Well-differentiated GAS showed haphazardly arranged and irregularly shaped neoplastic glands, which were usually associated with a desmoplastic stromal reaction. The cells showed voluminous, clear to foamy cytoplasm and distinct cellular borders (H&E, 100×). d Moderately or poorly differentiated GAS showed extensive epithelial proliferation with crowded, back-to-back glands (H&E, 40×). e A GAS showed an area with voluminous clear cytoplasm and round, markedly atypical nuclei (H&E, 100×). f Uniform mucinous cells showed minimal or no cytological atypia (H&E, 40×). g A GAS case showed mild to moderate nuclear enlargement and pseudostratification (H&E, 200×). h-i, Bland-appearing mucinous epithelium replaced the fallopian tube normal epithelium and was composed of columnar cells with basally located small nuclei, without distinct nuclear abnormalities (H&E, 100×,200×)

Fig

a

Gross

feature

of

gastric

type

adenocarcinoma

GAS

The

cervix

was

partially

or

entirely

replaced

by

a

firm

indurated

mass

imparting

a

barrel

shaped

enlargement

b

c

Well

differentiated

GAS

showed

haphazardly

arranged

and

irregularly

shaped

neoplastic

glands

which

were

usually

associated

with

a

desmoplastic

stromal

reaction

The

cells

showed

voluminous

clear

to

foamy

cytoplasm

and

distinct

cellular

borders

H&E

d

Moderately

or

poorly

differentiated

GAS

showed

extensive

epithelial

proliferation

with

crowded

back

to

back

glands

H&E

e

A

GAS

showed

an

area

with

voluminous

clear

cytoplasm

and

round

markedly

atypical

nuclei

H&E

f

Uniform

mucinous

cells

showed

minimal

or

no

cytological

atypia

H&E

g

A

GAS

case

showed

mild

to

moderate

nuclear

enlargement

and

pseudostratification

H&E

h

i

Bland

appearing

mucinous

epithelium

replaced

the

fallopian

tube

normal

epithelium

and

was

composed

of

columnar

cells

with

basally

located

small

nuclei

without

distinct

nuclear

abnormalities

H&E


Figure 1. (A) Chest radiograph showed a reticular shadow in the right lower area. (B) and (C) Chest computed tomography shows ground-glass opacity and interlobular thickening in the right lower lobe with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. (D) 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) does not show intense uptake in areas other than the right lower lobe.

Figure

A

Chest

radiograph

showed

a

reticular

shadow

in

the

right

lower

area

B

and

C

Chest

computed

tomography

shows

ground

glass

opacity

and

interlobular

thickening

in

the

right

lower

lobe

with

mediastinal

lymphadenopathy

D

fluorodeoxyglucose

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

FDG

PET

CT

does

not

show

intense

uptake

in

areas

other

than

the

right

lower

lobe


Fig. 2 Endoscopic view of right nasal cavity (panel a) and larynx (panel b) 8 months after papilloma excision. ET eustachian tube, FVF false vocal fold, S nasal septum, SpS sphenoid sinus, TVF true vocal fold

Fig

Endoscopic

view

of

right

nasal

cavity

panel

a

and

larynx

panel

b

months

after

papilloma

excision

ET

eustachian

tube

FVF

false

vocal

fold

S

nasal

septum

SpS

sphenoid

sinus

TVF

true

vocal

fold


Figure 2: Brain MRI of patient no. 13. T2WI (a and b) showed symmetrical lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, and periventricular white matter; MRS (c) showed raised lactate peak in lesion of the basal ganglia. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; T2WI: T2‑weighted images; MRS: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Figure

Brain

MRI

of

patient

no

a

and

b

showed

symmetrical

lesions

in

the

bilateral

basal

ganglia

thalamus

and

periventricular

white

matter

MRS

c

showed

raised

lactate

peak

in

lesion

of

the

basal

ganglia

MRI

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

images

MRS

Magnetic

resonance

spectroscopy


Figure 1. 70 keV contrast-enhanced monochromatic and GSI images in a 22-year-old woman with papillary throid carcinoma. GSI images show that IC and λ HU in metastatic lymph nodes are significantly higher than those of SC, SCC and lymphoma groups. (a) An axial CT image shows a right level II metastatic enlarged lymph node (white arrow). (b) An iodine-based material-decomposition image shows that the IC of the metastatic lymph nodes was 45.05 × 10 2 μ g/cm 3 (L2: area, 42.52 mm 2 ). (c) The graph shows the spectral HU curve of a metastatic lymph node; λ HU is 6.95.

Figure

keV

contrast

enhanced

monochromatic

and

GSI

images

in

a

old

woman

with

papillary

throid

carcinoma

GSI

images

show

that

IC

and

λ

HU

in

metastatic

lymph

nodes

are

significantly

higher

than

those

of

SC

SCC

and

lymphoma

groups

a

An

axial

CT

image

shows

a

right

level

II

metastatic

enlarged

lymph

node

white

arrow

b

An

iodine

based

material

decomposition

image

shows

that

the

IC

of

the

metastatic

lymph

nodes

was

μ

g

cm

area

mm

c

The

graph

shows

the

spectral

HU

curve

of

a

metastatic

lymph

node

λ

HU

is


Figure 1. Transvaginal sonography without (A) and with (B) color Doppler imaging. A complex intrauterine lesion that spread through the myometrium (arrow) with color Doppler score 4. A fibroma was also detected near this hypervascular lesion.

Figure

Transvaginal

sonography

without

A

and

with

B

color

Doppler

imaging

A

complex

intrauterine

lesion

that

spread

through

the

myometrium

arrow

with

color

Doppler

score

A

fibroma

was

also

detected

near

this

hypervascular

lesion


Figure 4 - Sagittal reconstruction of soft tissue window and bone window computed tomography scans (A and B, respectively) of the thoracic spine showing hypertrophied and calcified ligamenta flava causing spinal canal narrowing, which is most evident at T6, T10, and T11.

Figure

Sagittal

reconstruction

of

soft

tissue

window

and

bone

window

computed

tomography

scans

A

and

B

respectively

of

the

thoracic

spine

showing

hypertrophied

and

calcified

ligamenta

flava

causing

spinal

canal

narrowing

which

is

most

evident

at

and


Figure 3. a, b. A 72-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass grafts. Axial CT in 2006 (a) demonstrated a 15-mm lymph node in station 4R (arrows). No other lymphadenopathy was identified. No underlying etiology was elucidated. Axial CT in 2010 (b) demonstrated no change in the mediastinal lymphadenopathy over a four-year period.

Figure

a

b.

A

old

man

with

a

history

of

coronary

artery

bypass

grafts

Axial

CT

in

a

demonstrated

a

lymph

node

in

station

arrows

No

other

lymphadenopathy

was

identified

No

underlying

etiology

was

elucidated

Axial

CT

in

b

demonstrated

no

change

in

the

mediastinal

lymphadenopathy

over

a

four

year

period


Fig. 5. The organization of the actin cytoskeleton of keratinocytes was evaluated with TRITC-labeled phalloidin (F-actin staining). Hoechst 33342 dye was used for DNA staining. A – Cells in the bright field. B – F-actin. C – F-actin and nuclear staining. Magnification 400x, scale bar = 100 µm.

Fig

The

organization

of

the

actin

cytoskeleton

of

keratinocytes

was

evaluated

with

TRITC

labeled

phalloidin

F

actin

staining

Hoechst

dye

was

used

for

DNA

staining

A

Cells

in

the

bright

field

B

F

actin

C

F

actin

and

nuclear

staining

Magnification

scale

bar

µm


Figure 1. A: Ultrasound showing a septated cystic mass in the left hypochondrium without vascularity on the Doppler flow study (arrow). B: CT of the abdomen, showing a mass in the stomach wall (arrowhead). Stomach filled with contrast material (asterisk).

Figure

A

Ultrasound

showing

a

septated

cystic

mass

in

the

left

hypochondrium

without

vascularity

on

the

Doppler

flow

study

arrow

B

CT

of

the

abdomen

showing

a

mass

in

the

stomach

wall

arrowhead

Stomach

filled

with

contrast

material

asterisk


Fig. 9 a Endoscopy shows the sigmoid colon with extensive mucosal defects, marked edema, cobblestone appearance, bleeding on probing. b, c Strain elastography image of the sigmoid colon classified 2BAR (green [ blue with small yellow and red spots) and the distal descending colon classified 2BRA (green [ red [ blue) these strain elastography patterns correlate with the acute phase of the disease as evidenced by endoscopy

Fig

a

Endoscopy

shows

the

sigmoid

colon

with

extensive

mucosal

defects

marked

edema

cobblestone

appearance

bleeding

on

probing

b

c

Strain

elastography

image

of

the

sigmoid

colon

classified

green

blue

with

small

yellow

and

red

spots

and

the

distal

descending

colon

classified

green

red

blue

these

strain

elastography

patterns

correlate

with

the

acute

phase

of

the

disease

as

evidenced

by

endoscopy


Figure 1. CT scan of the neck revealing a hypodense lesion in the (A) thyroid gland and (B) metastatic cervical lymphadenopathies. CT scan of the thorax showing a metastatic lymphadenopathy in the (C) aorticopulmoner window and (D) lymphadenopathy in the left axilla. CT, computed tomography.

Figure

CT

scan

of

the

neck

revealing

a

hypodense

lesion

in

the

A

thyroid

gland

and

B

metastatic

cervical

lymphadenopathies

CT

scan

of

the

thorax

showing

a

metastatic

lymphadenopathy

in

the

C

aorticopulmoner

window

and

D

lymphadenopathy

in

the

left

axilla

CT

computed

tomography


Fig. 5 (A) Sagittal slices showing the eight ROIs masks generated from cortical endpoints of tracked fiber pathways from analysis shown in Figure 4. These ROIs were used as masks for resting state functional connectivity analysis on the subset of the sample (N ¼ 110) that had viable resting state fMRI data. Variation in FA within the SNI (Div) related cluster correlated with variation in functional connectivity between a region on the right medial wall of the SFG and a region near the right NAcc (lower row). ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; NAcc, nucleus accumbens; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; R, right; L, left. (B) Mediation analysis showing how FA and RD served as indirect pathways linking SNI (Div) to functional connectivity of the significant corticostriatal pathway identified in A. Size of the lines represents the magnitude of the indirect (a*b) pathway. Dashed lines indicate non-significant results after correcting for multiple comparisons. Bracketed numbers indicate the upper and lower bound of the bias corrected and accelerated 95% CI for the indirect pathway.

Fig

A

Sagittal

slices

showing

the

eight

ROIs

masks

generated

from

cortical

endpoints

of

tracked

fiber

pathways

from

analysis

shown

in

Figure

These

ROIs

were

used

as

masks

for

resting

state

functional

connectivity

analysis

on

the

subset

of

the

sample

N

¼

that

had

viable

resting

state

fMRI

data

Variation

in

FA

within

the

SNI

Div

related

cluster

correlated

with

variation

in

functional

connectivity

between

a

region

on

the

right

medial

wall

of

the

SFG

and

a

region

near

the

right

NAcc

lower

row

ACC

anterior

cingulate

cortex

PCC

posterior

cingulate

cortex

NAcc

nucleus

accumbens

vmPFC

ventromedial

prefrontal

cortex

SFG

superior

frontal

gyrus

R

right

L

left

B

Mediation

analysis

showing

how

FA

and

RD

served

as

indirect

pathways

linking

SNI

Div

to

functional

connectivity

of

the

significant

corticostriatal

pathway

identified

in

A.

Size

of

the

lines

represents

the

magnitude

of

the

indirect

a*b

pathway

Dashed

lines

indicate

non

significant

results

after

correcting

for

multiple

comparisons

Bracketed

numbers

indicate

the

upper

and

lower

bound

of

the

bias

corrected

and

accelerated

CI

for

the

indirect

pathway


Figure 1. CT image of the thorax from outside the hospital showing (A) a large central mediastinal mass, occluding the pulmonary artery and extending into the right atrium, encasing the superior vena cava (SVC), abutting the trachea; and (B) pulmonary emboli at the right lower lobe.

Figure

CT

image

of

the

thorax

from

outside

the

hospital

showing

A

a

large

central

mediastinal

mass

occluding

the

pulmonary

artery

and

extending

into

the

right

atrium

encasing

the

superior

vena

cava

SVC

abutting

the

trachea

and

B

pulmonary

emboli

at

the

right

lower

lobe


Figure 1. Abdominal ultrasonography images obtained at admission using a 5-3 MHz curvilinear probe show a distended gallbladder (a) with diffusely thickened wall and intraluminal polypoid lesions (arrow, a) in continuity with an exophytic, expansile, heterogeneous predominantly solid lesion (b).

Figure

Abdominal

ultrasonography

images

obtained

at

admission

using

a

MHz

curvilinear

probe

show

a

distended

gallbladder

a

with

diffusely

thickened

wall

and

intraluminal

polypoid

lesions

arrow

a

in

continuity

with

an

exophytic

expansile

heterogeneous

predominantly

solid

lesion

b


Fig. 1: A: Fat saturated T2-weighted MRI image, short axis view. T2 – hyperintense myocardial oedema is apparent in the anterior wall of the right ventricle, close to the ventricular outflow tract (arrow). B: Phase sensitive inversion recovery prepared MR sequence shows late contrast enhancement in the corresponding area of the right ventricular wall, representing the irreversible myocardial injury (arrow). The myocardial infarction developed as a consequence of stent implantation in the proximal RCA.

Fig

A

Fat

saturated

MRI

image

short

axis

view

hyperintense

myocardial

oedema

is

apparent

in

the

anterior

wall

of

the

right

ventricle

close

to

the

ventricular

outflow

tract

arrow

B

Phase

sensitive

inversion

recovery

prepared

MR

sequence

shows

late

contrast

enhancement

in

the

corresponding

area

of

the

right

ventricular

wall

representing

the

irreversible

myocardial

injury

arrow

The

myocardial

infarction

developed

as

a

consequence

of

stent

implantation

in

the

proximal

RCA


Figure 1. Computed tomography of an intramuscular hemorrhage of the right quadriceps femoris muscle in a 53-year-old male patient with a spontaneous right-thigh hematoma and mild hemophilia A. An image taken at admission (A) and an image taken on day 5, which shows the worsening of the hemorrhage (B).

Figure

Computed

tomography

of

an

intramuscular

hemorrhage

of

the

right

quadriceps

femoris

muscle

in

a

old

male

patient

with

a

spontaneous

right

thigh

hematoma

and

mild

hemophilia

A.

An

image

taken

at

admission

A

and

an

image

taken

on

day

which

shows

the

worsening

of

the

hemorrhage

B


Fig. 3 a Lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine of a 6-year-old girl with a painful osteolytic lesion of the L2 vertebral body with vertebral plana deformity. CT-guided frozen section biopsy showed eosinophilic granuloma; intralesional methylprednisolone injection was performed. b Lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine shows complete reconstitution of the lesion 7 years after diagnosis and treatment

Fig

a

Lateral

radiograph

of

the

lumbar

spine

of

a

old

girl

with

a

painful

osteolytic

lesion

of

the

vertebral

body

with

vertebral

plana

deformity

CT

guided

frozen

section

biopsy

showed

eosinophilic

granuloma

intralesional

methylprednisolone

injection

was

performed

b

Lateral

radiograph

of

the

lumbar

spine

shows

complete

reconstitution

of

the

lesion

years

after

diagnosis

and

treatment


Figure 2. A, Coronal ultrasound view of the parieto -occipital area posterior to the lateral ventricles of a 6 - day -old infant showing minimal, bilateral increase in periventricular echodensity. B, Same ultrasound view of the same patient at 73 days of age, showing the development of bilateral cystic PVL.

Figure

A

Coronal

ultrasound

view

of

the

parieto

-occipital

area

posterior

to

the

lateral

ventricles

of

a

day

-old

infant

showing

minimal

bilateral

increase

in

periventricular

echodensity

B

Same

ultrasound

view

of

the

same

patient

at

days

of

age

showing

the

development

of

bilateral

cystic

PVL


Fig. 5. Diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans from stroke patient (62-year-old man with right extremity weakness). A, B. Axial diffusion weighted imaging (A) and apparent diffusion coefficient (B) showed small hyperintense lesion on left thalamus and internal capsule. Lesion volume was 3.12 cm 3 . C, D. Fiber tracts reconstructed in 3-dimensional space were superimposed on fractional anisotrophy map (C) and directional encoded color map (D). E. Fiber tract results showed left corticospinal tract (orange) was only partially involved.

Fig

Diffusion

weighted

imaging

and

diffusion

tensor

imaging

scans

from

stroke

patient

old

man

with

right

extremity

weakness

A

B.

Axial

diffusion

weighted

imaging

A

and

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

B

showed

small

hyperintense

lesion

on

left

thalamus

and

internal

capsule

Lesion

volume

was

cm

C

D.

Fiber

tracts

reconstructed

in

space

were

superimposed

on

fractional

anisotrophy

map

C

and

directional

encoded

color

map

D

E.

Fiber

tract

results

showed

left

corticospinal

tract

orange

was

only

partially

involved


Fig. 1. Three-dimensional (3D) image of a master implant in a unilateral cranial defect. Preoperative axial 1-mm CT data are converted to 3D images (A). The image of the implant is generated by a digital subtraction mirror-image process (B) and developed into the 3D implant model (C). A B C

Fig

Three

dimensional

image

of

a

master

implant

in

a

unilateral

cranial

defect

Preoperative

axial

CT

data

are

converted

to

images

A

The

image

of

the

implant

is

generated

by

a

digital

subtraction

mirror

image

process

B

and

developed

into

the

implant

model

C

A

B

C


Figure 13. (A} Electron micrograph of mine-dust quartz-based particle. (B,C} Elemental X-ray maps of same particle.

Figure

A

Electron

micrograph

of

mine

dust

quartz

based

particle

B

C

Elemental

X

ray

maps

of

same

particle


Fig. 3 Chest computed tomography scans after trastuzumab therapy showing improvements of (a) consolidations in both the lower lobes and (b) the mediastinal mass.

Fig

Chest

computed

tomography

scans

after

trastuzumab

therapy

showing

improvements

of

a

consolidations

in

both

the

lower

lobes

and

b

the

mediastinal

mass


Fig. 5 MRI images one and half months after the first debridement. T1-weighted sagittal image (left) shows hypointensity of L4 and L5 vertebral bodies with involvement of posterior elements. T2-weighted image shows heterogenous density similar to the preoperative image (right)

Fig

MRI

images

one

and

half

months

after

the

first

debridement

sagittal

image

left

shows

hypointensity

of

and

vertebral

bodies

with

involvement

of

posterior

elements

image

shows

heterogenous

density

similar

to

the

preoperative

image

right


Fig. 3. (a) High magnification of a longitudinal section of a phase II emu spermatid showing a nuclear constriction with an accumulation of microtubules and granular material (arrow) in the adjacent cytoplasm. Nucleus (N). (b) Late phase II rhea spermatid. The main morphological features include a cup-shaped acrosome (A), cytoplasmic collar (C) with a cranial extension of the circular manchette (thin arrows), post-acrosomal perinuclear theca (block arrows) showing localized concentration of finger-like elaborations (dashed oval) and shrinkage of the chromatin away from the inner nuclear membrane (stars). Endonuclear canal with perforatorium (En). (c) Phase II ostrich spermatid displaying the typical dumb-bell-shaped forming acrosome (thin arrow). The spermatid plasmalemma has been drawn over the acrosome (block arrows). (d) Phase II rhea spermatid displaying a crescent-shaped acrosome (thin arrows), translucent sub-acrosomal layer (white arrows) and the forming endonuclear canal (block arrow). Bars = 0.5 μm.

Fig

a

High

magnification

of

a

longitudinal

section

of

a

phase

II

emu

spermatid

showing

a

nuclear

constriction

with

an

accumulation

of

microtubules

and

granular

material

arrow

in

the

adjacent

cytoplasm

Nucleus

N

b

Late

phase

II

rhea

spermatid

The

main

morphological

features

include

a

cup

shaped

acrosome

A

cytoplasmic

collar

C

with

a

cranial

extension

of

the

circular

manchette

thin

arrows

post

acrosomal

perinuclear

theca

block

arrows

showing

localized

concentration

of

finger

like

elaborations

dashed

oval

and

shrinkage

of

the

chromatin

away

from

the

inner

nuclear

membrane

stars

Endonuclear

canal

with

perforatorium

En

c

Phase

II

ostrich

spermatid

displaying

the

typical

dumb

bell

shaped

forming

acrosome

thin

arrow

The

spermatid

plasmalemma

has

been

drawn

over

the

acrosome

block

arrows

d

Phase

II

rhea

spermatid

displaying

a

crescent

shaped

acrosome

thin

arrows

translucent

sub

acrosomal

layer

white

arrows

and

the

forming

endonuclear

canal

block

arrow

Bars

μm


Figure 2. Chest X-ray (A), Chest CT (B), and 18 F-FDG PET-CT (C) scans at the initial presentation. Right pleural effusion with thickening in the right front pleura is observed. The increased uptake of FDG in the right front pleura, mediastinal organs, and metastases in the mediastinal lymph nodes was observed.

Figure

Chest

X

ray

A

Chest

CT

B

and

F

FDG

PET

CT

C

scans

at

the

initial

presentation

Right

pleural

effusion

with

thickening

in

the

right

front

pleura

is

observed

The

increased

uptake

of

FDG

in

the

right

front

pleura

mediastinal

organs

and

metastases

in

the

mediastinal

lymph

nodes

was

observed


Fig. 3 a, b Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye. Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye showing the cloudy cataractous lens suspended to the small ciliary processes (indicated with yellow arrowhead) by the apparently elongated suspensory ligaments (indicated with green arrowheads) caused by congenital enlargement of the anterior segment. The pectinate ligament (indicated with red arrowhead) was also observed at some places of anterior chamber angle by ultrasound biomicroscopy

Fig

a

b

Preoperative

ultrasound

biomicroscopy

of

the

right

eye

Preoperative

ultrasound

biomicroscopy

of

the

right

eye

showing

the

cloudy

cataractous

lens

suspended

to

the

small

ciliary

processes

indicated

with

yellow

arrowhead

by

the

apparently

elongated

suspensory

ligaments

indicated

with

green

arrowheads

caused

by

congenital

enlargement

of

the

anterior

segment

The

pectinate

ligament

indicated

with

red

arrowhead

was

also

observed

at

some

places

of

anterior

chamber

angle

by

ultrasound

biomicroscopy