Fig. 1 a AP Radiograph. The inferior vestigial ribs on the concave side appear too weak for VEPTR attachment. b 3D reconstruction of CT of chest and spine. The scan enables better visualization of the vestigial 11th and 12th ribs, which appear to be thick enough to carry the load of the VEPTR devices. c The coronal reconstruction of the CT scan. Note the anomalous insertion of the hemi-diaphragm proximally to the fused ribs on the concave side. This CT scan ruled out attachment of the hemidiaphragm to soft tissue below the fused ribs, a flail hemidiaphragm, which would have required a completely different operative strategy. d Supine lateral radiograph. Note kyphosis. It is not severe enough to warrant use of VEPTR II. VEPTR I is preferable for this age group, because it is more compact with greater expandability in the smaller sizes

Fig

a

AP

Radiograph

The

inferior

vestigial

ribs

on

the

concave

side

appear

too

weak

for

VEPTR

attachment

b

reconstruction

of

CT

of

chest

and

spine

The

scan

enables

better

visualization

of

the

vestigial

and

ribs

which

appear

to

be

thick

enough

to

carry

the

load

of

the

VEPTR

devices

c

The

coronal

reconstruction

of

the

CT

scan

Note

the

anomalous

insertion

of

the

hemi

diaphragm

proximally

to

the

fused

ribs

on

the

concave

side

This

CT

scan

ruled

out

attachment

of

the

hemidiaphragm

to

soft

tissue

below

the

fused

ribs

a

flail

hemidiaphragm

which

would

have

required

a

completely

different

operative

strategy

d

Supine

lateral

radiograph

Note

kyphosis

It

is

not

severe

enough

to

warrant

use

of

VEPTR

II

VEPTR

I

is

preferable

for

this

age

group

because

it

is

more

compact

with

greater

expandability

in

the

smaller

sizes


Figure 2. Contrast enhanced computed tomography. Superior mesenteric vein (white arrow) was on the left side of the superior mesenteric artery on axial CT image (a). Axial CT images showing polysplenia (white arrow) (b). Coronal reformatted CT images showing dilated appendix (2 cm) and 2 cm fecalith (white arrow) and a few enlarged lymph node in mesentery (black arrows) (c), Free air and focal mesenteric stranding were around the proximal part of appendix on axial CT image (white arrow) (d).

Figure

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

Superior

mesenteric

vein

white

arrow

was

on

the

left

side

of

the

superior

mesenteric

artery

on

axial

CT

image

a

Axial

CT

images

showing

polysplenia

white

arrow

b

Coronal

reformatted

CT

images

showing

dilated

appendix

cm

and

cm

fecalith

white

arrow

and

a

few

enlarged

lymph

node

in

mesentery

black

arrows

c

Free

air

and

focal

mesenteric

stranding

were

around

the

proximal

part

of

appendix

on

axial

CT

image

white

arrow

d


Figure 2. (a) Venography of MRI showed marked stenosis of the IVC (arrow) caudally from the renal vein. (b) After steroid therapy, the patency of the IVC (arrow) improved.

Figure

a

Venography

of

MRI

showed

marked

stenosis

of

the

IVC

arrow

caudally

from

the

renal

vein

b

After

steroid

therapy

the

patency

of

the

IVC

arrow

improved


Fig 2. Alignment of inhibitor docked structures on inhibitor X-ray reference structures, for the TI complexes. (A) Compound 13 (PDB: 1T4U); (B) compound 24 (PDB: 1T4V); (C) compound 128 (PDB: 3C27), (D) compound 151 (PDB: 2R2M); (E) compound 165 (PDB: 3LDX). Crystal structures are represented in yellow, and docking results are represented in purple. Docking accuracy is reported by means of RMSD values. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142774.g002

Fig

Alignment

of

inhibitor

docked

structures

on

inhibitor

X

ray

reference

structures

for

the

TI

complexes

A

Compound

PDB

B

compound

PDB

C

compound

PDB

D

compound

PDB

M

E

compound

PDB

Crystal

structures

are

represented

in

yellow

and

docking

results

are

represented

in

purple

Docking

accuracy

is

reported

by

means

of

RMSD

values


Figure 6. Transverse cross sections of sciatic nerves, 12 weeks after injury. Observe the decreased number of myelinated fibers in the avulsion group as compared to reimplanted groups. (A) control; (B) avulsion; (C) avulsion + sealant; (D) avulsion + sealant + cells. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Figure

Transverse

cross

sections

of

sciatic

nerves

weeks

after

injury

Observe

the

decreased

number

of

myelinated

fibers

in

the

avulsion

group

as

compared

to

reimplanted

groups

A

control

B

avulsion

C

avulsion

sealant

D

avulsion

sealant

cells

Scale

bar

µm


Figure 4. Coronal (A) and axial (B) images incidentally show multiple spleniculi (*) seen through the left upper quadrant.

Figure

Coronal

A

and

axial

B

images

incidentally

show

multiple

spleniculi

seen

through

the

left

upper

quadrant


Figure 1. Cytoplasmatic/nuclear expression of MT-I/II (A) and nuclear expression of Ki-67 antigen (B) in cells of BCC

Figure

Cytoplasmatic

nuclear

expression

of

MT

I

II

A

and

nuclear

expression

of

antigen

B

in

cells

of

BCC


Figure 5 Surgery of the retroperitoneal peripancreatic unicentric Castleman disease in Case 2. A: The lesion was located below and behind the transverse mesocolon with a volume of 3.5 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm. Intraoperative ultrasonography indicated that the tumor had an abundant blood supply, and its right side was close to the inferior mesenteric artery and vein; B: Image of the free tumor; C: The tumor was completely excised.

Figure

Surgery

of

the

retroperitoneal

peripancreatic

unicentric

Castleman

disease

in

Case

A

The

lesion

was

located

below

and

behind

the

transverse

mesocolon

with

a

volume

of

cm

cm

cm

Intraoperative

ultrasonography

indicated

that

the

tumor

had

an

abundant

blood

supply

and

its

right

side

was

close

to

the

inferior

mesenteric

artery

and

vein

B

Image

of

the

free

tumor

C

The

tumor

was

completely

excised


Fig 6. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) immunohistochemical staining of sections from cats with various kidney diseases. (A) Cat with hypoperfusion, no prior kidney disease, positive KIM-1 urine, note tubular staining in the OSOM. Inset: Preincubation of antibody with KIM-1 peptide abrogates staining (12.59 magnification). (B) Cat with acute kidney injury because of bite wounds, sepsis and hypotension, positive urine KIM-1 result. Note staining of individual tubules. (C) Cat with acute exacerbation of chronic renal disease. Renal fibrosis and tubular necrosis were present at postmortem. Urine KIM-1 result was positive on admission. There is sparse KIM-1 staining in individual proximal tubular cells and lumen. (D) Cat with glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis because of chronic urolithiasis, negative urine KIM-1 result. Note absence of KIM-1 staining (1,0009 magnification).

Fig

Kidney

injury

molecule

immunohistochemical

staining

of

sections

from

cats

with

various

kidney

diseases

A

Cat

with

hypoperfusion

no

prior

kidney

disease

positive

urine

note

tubular

staining

in

the

OSOM

Inset

Preincubation

of

antibody

with

peptide

abrogates

staining

magnification

B

Cat

with

acute

kidney

injury

because

of

bite

wounds

sepsis

and

hypotension

positive

urine

result

Note

staining

of

individual

tubules

C

Cat

with

acute

exacerbation

of

chronic

renal

disease

Renal

fibrosis

and

tubular

necrosis

were

present

at

postmortem

Urine

result

was

positive

on

admission

There

is

sparse

staining

in

individual

proximal

tubular

cells

and

lumen

D

Cat

with

glomerulonephritis

and

interstitial

nephritis

because

of

chronic

urolithiasis

negative

urine

result

Note

absence

of

staining

magnification


Fig. 1 (A) Horizontal view and (B) (frontal view): Chest CT showing anterior mediastinal tumor measuring 50 × 48 × 20 mm with ring calcification. (C) Type B1 thymoma (right side) outside the ring calcification (left side). (D) Horizontal view and (E) frontal view: Enhanced chest CT revealed the anterior mediastinal tumor measuring 50 × 40 × 20 mm with ring calcification, which was suspected to have invaded the superior vena cava (arrow). (F) Type B2 thymoma (left side) outside of the ring calcification (right side).

Fig

A

Horizontal

view

and

B

frontal

view

Chest

CT

showing

anterior

mediastinal

tumor

measuring

mm

with

ring

calcification

C

Type

thymoma

right

side

outside

the

ring

calcification

left

side

D

Horizontal

view

and

E

frontal

view

Enhanced

chest

CT

revealed

the

anterior

mediastinal

tumor

measuring

mm

with

ring

calcification

which

was

suspected

to

have

invaded

the

superior

vena

cava

arrow

F

Type

thymoma

left

side

outside

of

the

ring

calcification

right

side


Figure 2. A polyp in the transverse colon (pit pattern III). (A) Conventional endoscopic view of the lesion and (B) endoscopic view with FICE.

Figure

A

polyp

in

the

transverse

colon

pit

pattern

III

A

Conventional

endoscopic

view

of

the

lesion

and

B

endoscopic

view

with

FICE


Figure 6. (a) SEM backscattered electron micrograph and (b) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) map of cubic carbide phases in composite 1 interruptedly sintered at 1345 • C.

Figure

a

SEM

backscattered

electron

micrograph

and

b

energy

dispersive

X

ray

spectroscopy

EDS

map

of

cubic

carbide

phases

in

composite

interruptedly

sintered

at

C.


Fig. 4 Dynamic contrastenhanced CT (perfusion CT) blood flow parametric map (a); 2D image (b); segmented and thresholded image (c) for fractal analysis

Fig

Dynamic

contrastenhanced

CT

perfusion

CT

blood

flow

parametric

map

a

image

b

segmented

and

thresholded

image

c

for

fractal

analysis


Fig. 1 VOI delineation in a 77-year-old patient with a large HCC of the right lobe associated with two small lesions of the left lobe who underwent treatment intensification (boosted). a Initial CT slice shows heterogeneous HCC of 12.3 cm with a central area of necrosis. b, d MAA SPECT/CT with high uptake and a hypofixing area: b VOI delineation for the tumour; d VOI delineation for the injected liver. The patient underwent treatment intensification with 3.5 GBq of 90 Yloaded glass microspheres (ILD 162 Gy, TD 280 Gy, HILD 54 Gy).

Fig

VOI

delineation

in

a

old

patient

with

a

large

HCC

of

the

right

lobe

associated

with

two

small

lesions

of

the

left

lobe

who

underwent

treatment

intensification

boosted

a

Initial

CT

slice

shows

heterogeneous

HCC

of

cm

with

a

central

area

of

necrosis

b

d

MAA

SPECT

CT

with

high

uptake

and

a

hypofixing

area

b

VOI

delineation

for

the

tumour

d

VOI

delineation

for

the

injected

liver

The

patient

underwent

treatment

intensification

with

GBq

of

Yloaded

glass

microspheres

ILD

Gy

TD

Gy

HILD

Gy


Fig. 2. Features of proheads. (A) Low-resolution image of proheads (derivative filtered). (B) Top view of the pseudoatomic structure of Φ29. Dashed lines outline two complex pentameric features: (i) lines in blue connect the icosahedral vertices, (ii) the red pentamer is limited by the protruding domains of the monomers. The latter is similar in size to the former feature, but slightly rotated. (C) High-resolution image of a prohead lying on its side, imaging force 130 pN. (D) Same for upright prohead. The dotted line marks the cross-section shown in F. (E) Size distribution of observed pentamer sides including tip convolution (N ¼ 12, SD ¼ 1.6 nm). (F) Profile of the topography at the indicated cross-section, compared to undeformed shape (dashed line).

Fig

Features

of

proheads

A

Low

resolution

image

of

proheads

derivative

filtered

B

Top

view

of

the

pseudoatomic

structure

of

Dashed

lines

outline

two

complex

pentameric

features

i

lines

in

blue

connect

the

icosahedral

vertices

ii

the

red

pentamer

is

limited

by

the

protruding

domains

of

the

monomers

The

latter

is

similar

in

size

to

the

former

feature

but

slightly

rotated

C

High

resolution

image

of

a

prohead

lying

on

its

side

imaging

force

pN.

D

Same

for

upright

prohead

The

dotted

line

marks

the

cross

section

shown

in

F.

E

Size

distribution

of

observed

pentamer

sides

including

tip

convolution

N

¼

SD

¼

nm

F

Profile

of

the

topography

at

the

indicated

cross

section

compared

to

undeformed

shape

dashed

line


Fig. 2. MRI taken after initial radiograph. Coronal T1-weighted image (left), T2*-weighted image (middle), and T2-weighted image (right).

Fig

MRI

taken

after

initial

radiograph

Coronal

image

left

-weighted

image

middle

and

image

right


Figure 3. Fundus images from the left and right eyes taken 4 months after treatment. A) In the right eye, serous retinal detachment regressed to the level of the inferotemporal arcade, while a subretinal band is apparent at the level of the superotemporal arcade; B) In the left eye, subretinal fibrosis is apparent at the superior and inferior temporal arcades; C) Enhanced depth imaging-optic coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in the right eye shows subretinal fluid and subfoveal choroid thickness of 537 µm in the section taken at the macula; D) EDI-OCT in the left eye revealed subretinal fluid in the macula, hyperreflective material in subretinal area, and subfoveal choroid thickness of 335 µm

Figure

Fundus

images

from

the

left

and

right

eyes

taken

months

after

treatment

A

In

the

right

eye

serous

retinal

detachment

regressed

to

the

level

of

the

inferotemporal

arcade

while

a

subretinal

band

is

apparent

at

the

level

of

the

superotemporal

arcade

B

In

the

left

eye

subretinal

fibrosis

is

apparent

at

the

superior

and

inferior

temporal

arcades

C

Enhanced

depth

imaging

optic

coherence

tomography

EDI

OCT

in

the

right

eye

shows

subretinal

fluid

and

subfoveal

choroid

thickness

of

µm

in

the

section

taken

at

the

macula

D

EDI

OCT

in

the

left

eye

revealed

subretinal

fluid

in

the

macula

hyperreflective

material

in

subretinal

area

and

subfoveal

choroid

thickness

of

µm


Fig. 1. (A) Standing anteroposterior radiograph of both knees showing small patellae with abnormal morphology. (B) Lateral radiographs of both knees showing small patellae. (C) Skyline Views of both knees showing small patellae. R: right, L: left.

Fig

A

Standing

anteroposterior

radiograph

of

both

knees

showing

small

patellae

with

abnormal

morphology

B

Lateral

radiographs

of

both

knees

showing

small

patellae

C

Skyline

Views

of

both

knees

showing

small

patellae

R

right

L

left


Fig 7. One 2D slice reconstructed from one rat data scanned from a micro CT. (A): FDK with Ram-Lak Filter; (B): OSEM with linear interpolation based FSNP; (C): OSEM with blob based FSNP. (D), (E) and (F) are the zoomed regions from (A), (B) and (C), respectively. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142184.g007

Fig

One

slice

reconstructed

from

one

rat

data

scanned

from

a

micro

CT

A

FDK

with

Ram

Lak

Filter

B

OSEM

with

linear

interpolation

based

FSNP

C

OSEM

with

blob

based

FSNP

D

E

and

F

are

the

zoomed

regions

from

A

B

and

C

respectively


FIG. 4. An example coronal slice (top) containing a cross-section of the left main shows that SENSE images with 6-fold uniform undersampling (right) suffers from noise amplification, whereas the left main is clearly visualized using B1-weighted LOST with 6-fold random undersampling (left). In the reformatted coronal images (bottom), the proximal LCX cannot be tracked due to the high noise level in the SENSE reconstruction, but RCA and LCX branches are visualized with the LOST technique.

FIG

An

example

coronal

slice

top

containing

a

cross

section

of

the

left

main

shows

that

SENSE

images

with

uniform

undersampling

right

suffers

from

noise

amplification

whereas

the

left

main

is

clearly

visualized

using

LOST

with

random

undersampling

left

In

the

reformatted

coronal

images

bottom

the

proximal

LCX

can

not

be

tracked

due

to

the

high

noise

level

in

the

SENSE

reconstruction

but

RCA

and

LCX

branches

are

visualized

with

the

LOST

technique


Fig. 2 18F-FDG PET-CT brain scan. a 3D fused PET-CT sagittal slice and MIP reconstruction show increased metabolism in both cerebellar hemispheres. b 3D fused PET-CT axial slices. c Whole-brain axial slices

Fig

FDG

PET

CT

brain

scan

a

fused

PET

CT

sagittal

slice

and

MIP

reconstruction

show

increased

metabolism

in

both

cerebellar

hemispheres

b

fused

PET

CT

axial

slices

c

Whole

brain

axial

slices


Figure 1. (A) Magnetic resonance imaging of renal mass with no intravenous contrast, demonstrating approximately 5.7 cm 9 5.8 cm 9 6.6 cm renal mass in lower pole of the left kidney with peripheral nodularity and intermediate T2 signal intensity (arrow) concerning for renal cell carcinoma. (B) Biopsy of the lesion demonstrating necrotic tissue and fragments of inflamed kidney parenchyma with areas of fibrin deposition and no definitive evidence of carcinoma. 762

Figure

A

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

renal

mass

with

no

intravenous

contrast

demonstrating

approximately

cm

cm

cm

renal

mass

in

lower

pole

of

the

left

kidney

with

peripheral

nodularity

and

intermediate

signal

intensity

arrow

concerning

for

renal

cell

carcinoma

B

Biopsy

of

the

lesion

demonstrating

necrotic

tissue

and

fragments

of

inflamed

kidney

parenchyma

with

areas

of

fibrin

deposition

and

no

definitive

evidence

of

carcinoma


Fig. 3 27-year-old female, parosteal osteosarcoma left distal femur (a) Plain film images of both knees demonstrating bony mass extension from the posterior part of the distal femur. b Axial MRI reveals infiltrative intramedullary lesion and soft tissue component showing heterogenous enhancement with intralesional calcification, (c) sagittal CT scan reveals bony mass involving distal femoral metaphysis from the posterior aspect

Fig

old

female

parosteal

osteosarcoma

left

distal

femur

a

Plain

film

images

of

both

knees

demonstrating

bony

mass

extension

from

the

posterior

part

of

the

distal

femur

b

Axial

MRI

reveals

infiltrative

intramedullary

lesion

and

soft

tissue

component

showing

heterogenous

enhancement

with

intralesional

calcification

c

sagittal

CT

scan

reveals

bony

mass

involving

distal

femoral

metaphysis

from

the

posterior

aspect


Figure 1. The location of each amygdala subregion (blue = LB; red = CM; and green = SF). A and B show the amygdala subregions of coronal slices y = 26 and y = 21 in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard space, respectively. C and D show the amygdala subregions of sagittal slices at x = 225 and x = 27 in MNI standard space, respectively. Abbreviations: CM, centromedial subregion; L, left; LB, laterobasal subregion; R, right; and SF, superficial subregion. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035925.g001

Figure

The

location

of

each

amygdala

subregion

blue

LB

red

CM

and

green

SF

A

and

B

show

the

amygdala

subregions

of

coronal

slices

y

and

y

in

Montreal

Neurological

Institute

MNI

standard

space

respectively

C

and

D

show

the

amygdala

subregions

of

sagittal

slices

at

x

and

x

in

MNI

standard

space

respectively

Abbreviations

CM

centromedial

subregion

L

left

LB

laterobasal

subregion

R

right

and

SF

superficial

subregion


Figure 1. A) Chest X-ray revealed perforation of myocardium by active lead of RV; B) Withdraw spiral tip of first lead and implant a new active lead into septum.

Figure

A

Chest

X

ray

revealed

perforation

of

myocardium

by

active

lead

of

RV

B

Withdraw

spiral

tip

of

first

lead

and

implant

a

new

active

lead

into

septum


Figure 1. Peptidoglycan texture and density is homogenous in cross-sections in cryo-tomograms of both intact cells and purified sacculi (A) Tomographic slice through a live B. subtilis ΔponA mutant (a mutant that is thinner than wild-type B. subtilis and thus ammenable to ECT). Scalebar, 200 nm (B) Tomographic slice through an isolated wild-type B. subtilis sacculus. Scalebar, 250 nm (C) Two representative tomographic cross-sections across the wall of isolated B. subtilis sacculi perpendicular to the viewing plane reveal a globally straight sacculus side-wall with local variations in thickness. In both tomographic slices the sacculus interior is to the left. (D) Two representative top-down slices through tomograms parallel to the plane of the sacculus illustrating surface textures (red arrows) previously interpreted to be the surfaces of coiled cables composed of helical coils of peptidoglycan. In both tomography slices the long axis of the cell runs vertically. Scale bars 50nm.

Figure

Peptidoglycan

texture

and

density

is

homogenous

in

cross

sections

in

cryo

tomograms

of

both

intact

cells

and

purified

sacculi

A

Tomographic

slice

through

a

live

B.

subtilis

ΔponA

mutant

a

mutant

that

is

thinner

than

wild

type

B.

subtilis

and

thus

ammenable

to

ECT

Scalebar

nm

B

Tomographic

slice

through

an

isolated

wild

type

B.

subtilis

sacculus

Scalebar

nm

C

Two

representative

tomographic

cross

sections

across

the

wall

of

isolated

B.

subtilis

sacculi

perpendicular

to

the

viewing

plane

reveal

a

globally

straight

sacculus

side

wall

with

local

variations

in

thickness

In

both

tomographic

slices

the

sacculus

interior

is

to

the

left

D

Two

representative

top

down

slices

through

tomograms

parallel

to

the

plane

of

the

sacculus

illustrating

surface

textures

red

arrows

previously

interpreted

to

be

the

surfaces

of

coiled

cables

composed

of

helical

coils

of

peptidoglycan

In

both

tomography

slices

the

long

axis

of

the

cell

runs

vertically

Scale

bars

nm


Figure 2. Left, [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic scan of 52-year-old patient (patient 5) with alveolar echinococcosis in transaxial section. Patient had explorative surgery and had received albendazole for 2 months before PET. Image shows large focal defect without perilesional FDG uptake (arrow). Right, Corresponding CT scan shows hepatic defect with calcifications (arrows).

Figure

Left

F]fluorodeoxyglucose

positron

emission

tomographic

scan

of

old

patient

patient

with

alveolar

echinococcosis

in

transaxial

section

Patient

had

explorative

surgery

and

had

received

albendazole

for

months

before

PET

Image

shows

large

focal

defect

without

perilesional

FDG

uptake

arrow

Right

Corresponding

CT

scan

shows

hepatic

defect

with

calcifications

arrows


Fig. 1. The 3 anatomic sites and regions of interest (ROIs) analyzed. The colored ROIs are superimposed upon high-resolution gradient echo images (axial slices). A: right midforearm: extensor (F-Ext; red) and flexor (F-Flx; purple). B: right transmetatarsal foot: plantar flexors (PFlx; red) and dorsal extensors (D-Ext; purple). C: left midcalf: medial gastrocnemius (Gstrc-M; red) and lateral gastrocnemius (Gstrc-L; pink), soleus (Sol; blue), deep posterior compartment (DPC; yellow), and anterior (AC; light blue) and lateral (LC; green) compartments. D: the mean hyperemic flow image obtained at the slice shown in C.

Fig

The

anatomic

sites

and

regions

of

interest

ROIs

analyzed

The

colored

ROIs

are

superimposed

upon

high

resolution

gradient

echo

images

axial

slices

A

right

midforearm

extensor

F

Ext

red

and

flexor

F

Flx

purple

B

right

transmetatarsal

foot

plantar

flexors

PFlx

red

and

dorsal

extensors

D

Ext

purple

C

left

midcalf

medial

gastrocnemius

Gstrc

M

red

and

lateral

gastrocnemius

Gstrc

L

pink

soleus

Sol

blue

deep

posterior

compartment

DPC

yellow

and

anterior

AC

light

blue

and

lateral

LC

green

compartments

D

the

mean

hyperemic

flow

image

obtained

at

the

slice

shown

in

C.


Figure 1. Typical representative axial MR images obtained from WT (A) and H40Y (C) hindlimb muscles and the corresponding automatic segmentation allowing the separation of subcutaneous fat (red), intermuscular fat (blue), skeletal muscle (yellow) and bone/vessels/connective tissues (purple) for WT (B) and H40Y (D) hindlimb. H40Y group showed large muscle atrophy as compared to WT group. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061517.g001

Figure

Typical

representative

axial

MR

images

obtained

from

WT

A

and

C

hindlimb

muscles

and

the

corresponding

automatic

segmentation

allowing

the

separation

of

subcutaneous

fat

red

intermuscular

fat

blue

skeletal

muscle

yellow

and

bone

vessels

connective

tissues

purple

for

WT

B

and

D

hindlimb

group

showed

large

muscle

atrophy

as

compared

to

WT

group


Figure 1: (a) CT scan head; (b-d) T1-contrast enhanced MRI showing a left parietooccipital lesion with intraventricular extension. Both solid and cystic components can be appreciated with calcifications on the medial aspect

Figure

a

CT

scan

head

b

d

enhanced

MRI

showing

a

left

parietooccipital

lesion

with

intraventricular

extension

Both

solid

and

cystic

components

can

be

appreciated

with

calcifications

on

the

medial

aspect


Figure 4. A 23-year-old woman with a giant cell tumor of bone treated with en bloc resection. (a, b) The surgical specimen was dissected to examine its correlation with the coronal image, and pathological samples were taken from this coronal section. (c) Coronal T2-weighted image shows the ‘‘paintbrush borders’’ sign at the upper aspect of the tumor (black arrows). (d) Photomicrograph (label A4 in Figure 4(c)) shows the tumor histology with typical multinuclear giant cells (white arrows) among numerous mononuclear cells protruding toward the bone tissue (#) (hematoxylin–eosin stain; original magnification, 100 ).

Figure

A

old

woman

with

a

giant

cell

tumor

of

bone

treated

with

en

bloc

resection

a

b

The

surgical

specimen

was

dissected

to

examine

its

correlation

with

the

coronal

image

and

pathological

samples

were

taken

from

this

coronal

section

c

Coronal

image

shows

the

paintbrush

borders

sign

at

the

upper

aspect

of

the

tumor

black

arrows

d

Photomicrograph

label

in

Figure

shows

the

tumor

histology

with

typical

multinuclear

giant

cells

white

arrows

among

numerous

mononuclear

cells

protruding

toward

the

bone

tissue

hematoxylin

eosin

stain

original

magnification


Fig. 1. Chest radiography: a) preoperative PA view: mixed hydroaeric image located in the inferior mediastinum; b) postoperative PA view: ascended left hemidiaphragm and normal mediastinum; c) preoperative lateral view: mixed hidroaeric retrocardiac image; d) postoperative lateral view: normal mediastinum.

Fig

Chest

radiography

a

preoperative

PA

view

mixed

hydroaeric

image

located

in

the

inferior

mediastinum

b

postoperative

PA

view

ascended

left

hemidiaphragm

and

normal

mediastinum

c

preoperative

lateral

view

mixed

hidroaeric

retrocardiac

image

d

postoperative

lateral

view

normal

mediastinum


Figure 6. Electron micrographs illustrating the process of cell death observed in oocysts of the DRep and DNDRep mutants. A. Low power of a DNDRep oocyst with a degenerating, undifferentiated central cytoplasmic mass. Bar is 10 mm. B. Detail from the degeneration of a DNDRep oocyst similar to that in A showing a dilated nuclear membrane containing a number of nuclei (N) exhibiting peripheral chromatin condensation. Bar is 100 nm. C. Low power of a DRep oocyst in which sporozoite formation had occurred but now exhibited features of cell degeneration. Bar is 10 mm. D. Detail of the nuclei observed in an intact DNDRep oocyst showing the absence of any peripheral nuclear condensation. Bar is 100 nm. E. Longitudinal section through a sporozoite showing the nucleus with peripheral chromatin condensation and dilatation of the nuclear membranes. N -nucleus. Bar is 500 nm. F. Low power of a DRep oocyst in which there is a cross section of a central mass of degenerating sporozoites (S). Bar is 10 mm. G. Histogram comparing the relative number of immature mature and degenerate oocysts at two time points (12-14 days and 18-21 days) for WT, DRep and DNDRep oocysts. (Based on EM examination of multiple midguts from multiple experiments -number of oocysts evaluated: 405 wild type; 236 DRep mutant; 165 DNDRep mutant). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113923.g006

Figure

Electron

micrographs

illustrating

the

process

of

cell

death

observed

in

oocysts

of

the

DRep

and

DNDRep

mutants

A.

Low

power

of

a

DNDRep

oocyst

with

a

degenerating

undifferentiated

central

cytoplasmic

mass

Bar

is

mm

B.

Detail

from

the

degeneration

of

a

DNDRep

oocyst

similar

to

that

in

A

showing

a

dilated

nuclear

membrane

containing

a

number

of

nuclei

N

exhibiting

peripheral

chromatin

condensation

Bar

is

nm

C.

Low

power

of

a

DRep

oocyst

in

which

sporozoite

formation

had

occurred

but

now

exhibited

features

of

cell

degeneration

Bar

is

mm

D.

Detail

of

the

nuclei

observed

in

an

intact

DNDRep

oocyst

showing

the

absence

of

any

peripheral

nuclear

condensation

Bar

is

nm

E.

Longitudinal

section

through

a

sporozoite

showing

the

nucleus

with

peripheral

chromatin

condensation

and

dilatation

of

the

nuclear

membranes

N

-nucleus

Bar

is

nm

F.

Low

power

of

a

DRep

oocyst

in

which

there

is

a

cross

section

of

a

central

mass

of

degenerating

sporozoites

S

Bar

is

mm

G.

Histogram

comparing

the

relative

number

of

immature

mature

and

degenerate

oocysts

at

two

time

points

days

and

days

for

WT

DRep

and

DNDRep

oocysts

Based

on

EM

examination

of

multiple

midguts

from

multiple

experiments

-number

of

oocysts

evaluated

wild

type

DRep

mutant

DNDRep

mutant


Figure 5. Representative HRCT findings in a 37-year-old woman (case 5). (A) HRCT scan obtained 2 weeks after paraquat ingestion shows diffuse groundglass opacity in the left lung and focal ground-glass opacity in the right lung. (B) HRCT scan obtained 20 months after paraquat ingestion shows subpleural lines in the posterior portion of the left upper lobe, but bilateral consolidation is not evident.

Figure

Representative

HRCT

findings

in

a

old

woman

case

A

HRCT

scan

obtained

weeks

after

paraquat

ingestion

shows

diffuse

groundglass

opacity

in

the

left

lung

and

focal

ground

glass

opacity

in

the

right

lung

B

HRCT

scan

obtained

months

after

paraquat

ingestion

shows

subpleural

lines

in

the

posterior

portion

of

the

left

upper

lobe

but

bilateral

consolidation

is

not

evident


Fig. 1. Spinal computed tomography of the patient. (A) Sagittal image and (B) axial image at the L4-5 intervertebral disc level. L4, 4th lumbar vertebra; L5, 5th lumbar vertebra.

Fig

Spinal

computed

tomography

of

the

patient

A

Sagittal

image

and

B

axial

image

at

the

intervertebral

disc

level

lumbar

vertebra

lumbar

vertebra


Figure 2 Arterial phase CT of a patient with paraoesophageal omental hernia in (A) axial, (B) sagittal and (C) coronal planes.

Figure

Arterial

phase

CT

of

a

patient

with

paraoesophageal

omental

hernia

in

A

axial

B

sagittal

and

C

coronal

planes


Fig. 3. Sagittal cone-beam computed tomography sections. The level of the occlusal plane of the maxillary third molar is classified as high when the midpoint of the maxillary third molar (white dot) is at or above the cementoenamel junction of the maxillary second molar (gray line) (A), as medium when the midpoint of the maxillary third molar (white dot) is between the occlusal plane of the maxillary second molar (white line) and the cementoenamel junction (gray line) (B), and as low when the midpoint of the maxillary third molar (white dot) is at or below the occlusal plane of the maxillary second molar (white line) (C).

Fig

Sagittal

cone

beam

computed

tomography

sections

The

level

of

the

occlusal

plane

of

the

maxillary

third

molar

is

classified

as

high

when

the

midpoint

of

the

maxillary

third

molar

white

dot

is

at

or

above

the

cementoenamel

junction

of

the

maxillary

second

molar

gray

line

A

as

medium

when

the

midpoint

of

the

maxillary

third

molar

white

dot

is

between

the

occlusal

plane

of

the

maxillary

second

molar

white

line

and

the

cementoenamel

junction

gray

line

B

and

as

low

when

the

midpoint

of

the

maxillary

third

molar

white

dot

is

at

or

below

the

occlusal

plane

of

the

maxillary

second

molar

white

line

C


Fig. 2. Thorax CT demonstrated bilateral widespread infiltration in the lung extending to the apexes, which is not accompanied by cardiomegaly. a: Thorax CT apical level of lung. b: Thorax CT middle cardiac level.

Fig

Thorax

CT

demonstrated

bilateral

widespread

infiltration

in

the

lung

extending

to

the

apexes

which

is

not

accompanied

by

cardiomegaly

a

Thorax

CT

apical

level

of

lung

b

Thorax

CT

middle

cardiac

level


Figure 3: Resolution of infectious scleritis lesion after a 3-week course of fortified tobramycin and fortified vancomycin, and moxifloxacin 0.05%, (a) External photograph, (b) Optical coherence tomography image showing resolution of serous retinal detachment

Figure

Resolution

of

infectious

scleritis

lesion

after

a

course

of

fortified

tobramycin

and

fortified

vancomycin

and

moxifloxacin

a

External

photograph

b

Optical

coherence

tomography

image

showing

resolution

of

serous

retinal

detachment


Figure 1. Diagrams of the proximal bronchial tree and the surrounding 2 cm avoidance zone. Upper left: Axial view; Lower left: Coronal view; Upper right: 3-dimensional representation of the avoidance zone; Lower right: Sagittal view.

Figure

Diagrams

of

the

proximal

bronchial

tree

and

the

surrounding

cm

avoidance

zone

Upper

left

Axial

view

Lower

left

Coronal

view

Upper

right

representation

of

the

avoidance

zone

Lower

right

Sagittal

view


Fig. 2 (Continued) Case 2. G: Axial t 2 * MR image at the C4 level 24 days after the onset showing a low intensity lesion indicating hemorrhage. H: operative photograph showing intradural draining veins (white arrow) ascending along the right C4 ventral nerve root and the radiculomedullary artery (asterisk) connecting with the anterior spinal artery. I: post-operative angiography showing disappearance of the perimedullary venous drainage and faint residual fistula of the epidural space. J: t 2 -weighted MR imaging 1 month after the operation showing marked decrease of the spinal cord edema. AVF: arteriovenous fistula, MR: magnetic resonance.

Fig

Continued

Case

G

Axial

t

MR

image

at

the

level

days

after

the

onset

showing

a

low

intensity

lesion

indicating

hemorrhage

H

operative

photograph

showing

intradural

draining

veins

white

arrow

ascending

along

the

right

ventral

nerve

root

and

the

radiculomedullary

artery

asterisk

connecting

with

the

anterior

spinal

artery

I

post

operative

angiography

showing

disappearance

of

the

perimedullary

venous

drainage

and

faint

residual

fistula

of

the

epidural

space

J

t

-weighted

MR

imaging

month

after

the

operation

showing

marked

decrease

of

the

spinal

cord

edema

AVF

arteriovenous

fistula

MR

magnetic

resonance


Figure 2 Samples studied in this work. (a) ‘Zebra rock’ sample used for the computed tomography study. Crystal pseudomorphs are located in the bottom brown layer. (b) Thin section of the rock used for the microscopy and EDX studies. Note the pseudohexagonal outline of the crystals. The white rectangle encloses the two crystals investigated in the EDX study (Fig. 4).

Figure

Samples

studied

in

this

work

a

Zebra

rock

sample

used

for

the

computed

tomography

study

Crystal

pseudomorphs

are

located

in

the

bottom

brown

layer

b

Thin

section

of

the

rock

used

for

the

microscopy

and

EDX

studies

Note

the

pseudohexagonal

outline

of

the

crystals

The

white

rectangle

encloses

the

two

crystals

investigated

in

the

EDX

study

Fig


Fig 2. 33-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted axial image (A), readout-segmented echo-planar DWI image (B), and ADC map (C). (A) Round

Fig

old

woman

with

invasive

ductal

carcinoma

in

the

left

breast

Contrast

enhanced

axial

image

A

readout

segmented

echo

planar

DWI

image

B

and

ADC

map

C

A

Round


Fig 1. Feasibility of contrast enhanced CT via i.o. access with very good enhancement of the major thoracic vessels (A) and parenchymatous upper abdominal organs (B).

Fig

Feasibility

of

contrast

enhanced

CT

via

i.o

access

with

very

good

enhancement

of

the

major

thoracic

vessels

A

and

parenchymatous

upper

abdominal

organs

B


Figure 2 Abdominal CT scan of patient No. 6M, showing a right mesenterial metastasis: a, before treatment and b, after five cycles of IL-2 and INF alfa-2a.

Figure

Abdominal

CT

scan

of

patient

No

M

showing

a

right

mesenterial

metastasis

a

before

treatment

and

b

after

five

cycles

of

and

INF


Fig. 2. (A, B) Anteroposterior and lateral standing view of an sample case of post-tuberculosis severe angular kyphosis. Note the marked axial orientation of the lumbar vertebra (asterisk) on the anteroposterior radiograph. We have named this "Baltalimani sign". A B

Fig

A

B

Anteroposterior

and

lateral

standing

view

of

an

sample

case

of

post

tuberculosis

severe

angular

kyphosis

Note

the

marked

axial

orientation

of

the

lumbar

vertebra

asterisk

on

the

anteroposterior

radiograph

We

have

named

this

Baltalimani

sign

A

B


Figure 1. CT images of the abdomen. (A) The CT revealed the right hydronephrosis and (B) a thickening of the right distal ureter (illustrated by the white arrow). CT, computed tomography.

Figure

CT

images

of

the

abdomen

A

The

CT

revealed

the

right

hydronephrosis

and

B

a

thickening

of

the

right

distal

ureter

illustrated

by

the

white

arrow

CT

computed

tomography


Figure 2 A photomicrograph of a (a, b) coronal section taken through the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) from a representative OFC-lesioned rat (a, arrowheads indicate lesion location) and sham-operated rat (b), and (c) a coronal section taken through the striatum of a representative cannulaimplanted rat showing the cannula tract (Experiment 2).

Figure

A

photomicrograph

of

a

a

b

coronal

section

taken

through

the

orbitofrontal

cortex

OFC

from

a

representative

OFC

lesioned

rat

a

arrowheads

indicate

lesion

location

and

sham

operated

rat

b

and

c

a

coronal

section

taken

through

the

striatum

of

a

representative

cannulaimplanted

rat

showing

the

cannula

tract

Experiment


Figure 1: Normal ulnar collateral ligament of the first metacarpal phalangeal joint in the right thumb. (a) Schematic drawing of the UCL in the first MCPJ shows the UCL (arrow) attaches to the ulnar aspect of the dorsal tubercle of the first metacarpal and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx. The adductor aponeurosis (dotted arrow) lies superficial to the UCL. (b) A coronal image of the right thumb of a 40‑year‑old cadaver specimen. (c and d) T1 and PD FS coronal images of the right thumb in a 40‑year‑old cadaver specimen showed normal ulnar collateral ligament and adductor aponeurosis. UCL: Ulnar collateral ligament; MCPJ: Metacarpal phalangeal joint; PD FS: Proton density‑weighted imaging with fat suppression.

Figure

Normal

ulnar

collateral

ligament

of

the

first

metacarpal

phalangeal

joint

in

the

right

thumb

a

Schematic

drawing

of

the

UCL

in

the

first

MCPJ

shows

the

UCL

arrow

attaches

to

the

ulnar

aspect

of

the

dorsal

tubercle

of

the

first

metacarpal

and

inserts

into

the

base

of

the

proximal

phalanx

The

adductor

aponeurosis

dotted

arrow

lies

superficial

to

the

UCL

b

A

coronal

image

of

the

right

thumb

of

a

cadaver

specimen

c

and

d

and

PD

FS

coronal

images

of

the

right

thumb

in

a

cadaver

specimen

showed

normal

ulnar

collateral

ligament

and

adductor

aponeurosis

UCL

Ulnar

collateral

ligament

MCPJ

Metacarpal

phalangeal

joint

PD

FS

Proton

density‑weighted

imaging

with

fat

suppression


Figure 1. (A) 18 F-FDG-PET scan of patient UPN 1 at diagnosis of extramedullary AML. (B) Coronal and transversal 18 F-FDG-PET/CT fusion images of the EM in the left mammary gland at diagnosis. (C) 18 F-FDG-PET scan of the same patient after salvage chemotherapy (note: higher bone marrow 18 F-FDG uptake due to higher bone marrow activity). (D) Coronal and transversal 18 F-FDG-PET/CT fusion images of the EM in the left mammary gland after salvage chemotherapy (note: higher bone marrow 18 F-FDG uptake due to higher bone marrow activity).

Figure

A

F

FDG

PET

scan

of

patient

UPN

at

diagnosis

of

extramedullary

AML

B

Coronal

and

transversal

F

FDG

PET

CT

fusion

images

of

the

EM

in

the

left

mammary

gland

at

diagnosis

C

F

FDG

PET

scan

of

the

same

patient

after

salvage

chemotherapy

note

higher

bone

marrow

F

FDG

uptake

due

to

higher

bone

marrow

activity

D

Coronal

and

transversal

F

FDG

PET

CT

fusion

images

of

the

EM

in

the

left

mammary

gland

after

salvage

chemotherapy

note

higher

bone

marrow

F

FDG

uptake

due

to

higher

bone

marrow

activity


Fig. 3. Source peaks for activity reconstruction. Left: Sources for which MEG field strength amplitude across all trialswas different from zero at an uncorrected significance threshold of p b 0.05 (shown with infinite search depth). Right: Source peaks at which activity was reconstructed and analyzed. Activity was reconstructed at a source peak if the field strength amplitude across all trials was different from zero at a significance threshold p b 0.05 (uncorrected for multiple comparisons) with a minimum peak-to-peak distance of 3 mm. This liberal criterion for source activation was selected to ensure a large number of sources (109) for subsequent multivariate analyses on which conclusions are based. Sources were grouped according to overall cortical position: Green = occipital lobe, cyan = temporal lobe, hot red/yellow = parietal lobe, blue = precentral/postcentral gyri, red = prefrontal areas. Note that these color codes are unrelated to those used in Figs. 4, 5, 8, and 9.

Fig

Source

peaks

for

activity

reconstruction

Left

Sources

for

which

MEG

field

strength

amplitude

across

all

trialswas

different

from

zero

at

an

uncorrected

significance

threshold

of

p

b

shown

with

infinite

search

depth

Right

Source

peaks

at

which

activity

was

reconstructed

and

analyzed

Activity

was

reconstructed

at

a

source

peak

if

the

field

strength

amplitude

across

all

trials

was

different

from

zero

at

a

significance

threshold

p

b

uncorrected

for

multiple

comparisons

with

a

minimum

peak

to

peak

distance

of

mm

This

liberal

criterion

for

source

activation

was

selected

to

ensure

a

large

number

of

sources

for

subsequent

multivariate

analyses

on

which

conclusions

are

based

Sources

were

grouped

according

to

overall

cortical

position

Green

occipital

lobe

cyan

temporal

lobe

hot

red

yellow

parietal

lobe

blue

precentral

postcentral

gyri

red

prefrontal

areas

Note

that

these

color

codes

are

unrelated

to

those

used

in

Figs

and


FIG. 2. Scan of the logic area of an integrated circuit. (a) AFM topography and (b) tunneling current images. Metallic pins are visible in both images (bright dots); however, additionally, some features located on the nonconductive substrate are visible only in the AFM topography scan. Scanning speed: about 6 µm/s, set point of the frequency shift: +30 Hz, frequency demodulator bandwidth: 400 Hz, tip bias voltage: −0.7 V, oscillation amplitude: 0.8 nm, height in topography: up to 10 nm, and recorded current: up to 20 pA.

FIG

Scan

of

the

logic

area

of

an

integrated

circuit

a

AFM

topography

and

b

tunneling

current

images

Metallic

pins

are

visible

in

both

images

bright

dots

however

additionally

some

features

located

on

the

nonconductive

substrate

are

visible

only

in

the

AFM

topography

scan

Scanning

speed

about

µm

s

set

point

of

the

frequency

shift

Hz

frequency

demodulator

bandwidth

Hz

tip

bias

voltage

V

oscillation

amplitude

nm

height

in

topography

up

to

nm

and

recorded

current

up

to

pA.


Figure 2 Three-dimensional multiplanar ultrasound image depicting the outlining of cyst content (a) for histogram calculation of the mean gray (MG) value (b).

Figure

Three

dimensional

multiplanar

ultrasound

image

depicting

the

outlining

of

cyst

content

a

for

histogram

calculation

of

the

mean

gray

MG

value

b


Figure 2. Single nanotube imaging and tracking on cells on a plasmonic gold substrate at 37 ºC. (a) 2D trajectory of a single CNT (same as the one in Figure 1c and 1d) moving on the cell membrane during endocytosis at 37 ºC. (b-d) Photoluminescence images of this particular single CNT overlaid with optical images of a cell (outlined by the dashed line) at three time points: 20 s, 73.3 s and 263.3 s after the incubation temperature stabilized at 37 ºC. Rectangular red bar on the bottom left of each image indicates relative fluorescence intensity. Intensity scale bar on the right indicates red as the highest signal while

Figure

Single

nanotube

imaging

and

tracking

on

cells

on

a

plasmonic

gold

substrate

at

ºC.

a

trajectory

of

a

single

CNT

same

as

the

one

in

Figure

and

moving

on

the

cell

membrane

during

endocytosis

at

ºC.

b

d

Photoluminescence

images

of

this

particular

single

CNT

overlaid

with

optical

images

of

a

cell

outlined

by

the

dashed

line

at

three

time

points

s

s

and

s

after

the

incubation

temperature

stabilized

at

ºC.

Rectangular

red

bar

on

the

bottom

left

of

each

image

indicates

relative

fluorescence

intensity

Intensity

scale

bar

on

the

right

indicates

red

as

the

highest

signal

while


Fig. 1. A 58 year-old man with chronic hepatitis C related cirrhosis and multifocal HCC, evaluated with contrast-enhanced 3 T MRI using both gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadoxetic acid. Axial fat-suppressed 3D GRE T1W LAVA FLEX images through the liver before (PRE) and after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (top) and gadoxetic acid (bottom) at late arterial phase (AP2), portal venous phase (PVP), late venous phase (LVP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP for gadoxetic acid). There are two adjacent hypervascular HCCs in the central liver, which demonstrate wash-in during AP2 and wash-out on PVP and LVP for both agents. HBP image obtained 20 min after gadoxetic acid injection demonstrates lack of contrast retention on the lesions, with higher lesion conspicuity.

Fig

A

year

old

man

with

chronic

hepatitis

C

related

cirrhosis

and

multifocal

HCC

evaluated

with

contrast

enhanced

T

MRI

using

both

gadopentetate

dimeglumine

and

gadoxetic

acid

Axial

fat

suppressed

GRE

LAVA

FLEX

images

through

the

liver

before

PRE

and

after

injection

of

gadopentetate

dimeglumine

top

and

gadoxetic

acid

bottom

at

late

arterial

phase

portal

venous

phase

PVP

late

venous

phase

LVP

and

hepatobiliary

phase

HBP

for

gadoxetic

acid

There

are

two

adjacent

hypervascular

HCCs

in

the

central

liver

which

demonstrate

wash

in

during

and

wash

out

on

PVP

and

LVP

for

both

agents

HBP

image

obtained

min

after

gadoxetic

acid

injection

demonstrates

lack

of

contrast

retention

on

the

lesions

with

higher

lesion

conspicuity


Figure 3. Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction images of the thoracic aorta in 2 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Left-sided image (A) shows a boy aged 3 years with dilatation of the entire thoracic aorta. Right-sided image (B) shows a boy aged 12 years with a normal-sized thoracic aorta.

Figure

Sagittal

multiplanar

reconstruction

images

of

the

thoracic

aorta

in

patients

with

hypoplastic

left

heart

syndrome

Left

sided

image

A

shows

a

boy

aged

years

with

dilatation

of

the

entire

thoracic

aorta

Right

sided

image

B

shows

a

boy

aged

years

with

a

normal

sized

thoracic

aorta


Figure 6. Conformation of the specificity of p11 probe. The hybridization signal in the sagittal section of a wildtype mouse (A) shows strong signal, while the corresponding section of a p11-knockout mouse (B) does not.

Figure

Conformation

of

the

specificity

of

probe

The

hybridization

signal

in

the

sagittal

section

of

a

wildtype

mouse

A

shows

strong

signal

while

the

corresponding

section

of

a

mouse

B

does

not


Fig. 6a-e Case 4. Three-phase bone scanning using Tc99m-MDP, at pain termination. Angiographic phase one (a) and blood pool image (b) are normal. c Three-hour image still shows increased uptake in the left hip. d Normal time/activity curves. e Radiograph taken one month later shows near normal bone density

Fig

e

Case

Three

phase

bone

scanning

using

MDP

at

pain

termination

Angiographic

phase

one

a

and

blood

pool

image

b

are

normal

c

Three

hour

image

still

shows

increased

uptake

in

the

left

hip

d

Normal

time

activity

curves

e

Radiograph

taken

one

month

later

shows

near

normal

bone

density


Figure 1. High-grade B-cell lymphoma in a 38-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive woman who presented with abdominal pain and distention. (a) Contrast material–enhanced CT scan of the midabdomen shows a very large soft-tissue mass (arrows) infiltrating the mesentery and omentum and displacing the small bowel and colon. (b) Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows hypoenhancing soft-tissue masses (arrows) in both kidneys. Note also the retroperitoneal adenopathy (arrowhead). (c) Photomicrograph (original magnification, 200; Diff-Quik stain) of a specimen obtained at fine-needle aspiration biopsy shows hypercellularity with a uniform population of malignant lymphocytes. Numerous aptotic cells are also seen, a finding that is compatible with a high-grade phenotype.

Figure

High

grade

B

cell

lymphoma

in

a

old

human

immunodeficiency

virus

HIV)–positive

woman

who

presented

with

abdominal

pain

and

distention

a

Contrast

material

enhanced

CT

scan

of

the

midabdomen

shows

a

very

large

soft

tissue

mass

arrows

infiltrating

the

mesentery

and

omentum

and

displacing

the

small

bowel

and

colon

b

Contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

shows

hypoenhancing

soft

tissue

masses

arrows

in

both

kidneys

Note

also

the

retroperitoneal

adenopathy

arrowhead

c

Photomicrograph

original

magnification

Diff

Quik

stain

of

a

specimen

obtained

at

fine

needle

aspiration

biopsy

shows

hypercellularity

with

a

uniform

population

of

malignant

lymphocytes

Numerous

aptotic

cells

are

also

seen

a

finding

that

is

compatible

with

a

high

grade

phenotype


Figure 1. Dynamic computed tomography reveal a mass measuring 3 cm in size in the pancreatic tail with a cystic lesion and a solid component located on the periphery that is enhanced in the arterial phase. The densities of the solid component and spleen are very similar (a: plain, b: arterial phase, c: portal phase, d: delayed phase).

Figure

Dynamic

computed

tomography

reveal

a

mass

measuring

cm

in

size

in

the

pancreatic

tail

with

a

cystic

lesion

and

a

solid

component

located

on

the

periphery

that

is

enhanced

in

the

arterial

phase

The

densities

of

the

solid

component

and

spleen

are

very

similar

a

plain

b

arterial

phase

c

portal

phase

d

delayed

phase


Figure 3: The optical transfer functions O m . (A): The illumination projects, onto the back focal plane of each objective lens, three disk-like images of the multi-mode fiber's end face, corresponding to diffraction orders -1, 0, and +1 from the grating. Since the fiber end face is a spatially incoherent light source, any given point in one of the six fiber images is mutually coherent only with the corresponding point in the other images, and mutually incoherent with all other points (one example of a mutually coherent point triplet in one pupil plane is shown as yellow points in A). (B): The spatial frequency components of the light amplitude forms six circular disks (here shown in cross section), corresponding to the six fiber images, and to the six point-like dots that occur in the coherent case (Fig. 2 F). (C): The illumination intensity components, which represent difference vectors between mutually coherent amplitude components, and were point-like in the coherent case (Fig. 2 G), are broadened by the incoherence into axial line segments of differing length. (D): Experimentally measured transfer functions O m for m = 0, 1, 2. The image brightness represents the magnitude of O m (k) as function of k, with a nonlinear color scaling chosen to visualize both strong and weak regions clearly. The measured O m were rotationally averaged to suppress noise. Each O m can be visually recognized as a convolution of the corresponding illumination function ˜ I m (dotted vertical line in C) with the detection OTF (Fig. 2 D).

Figure

The

optical

transfer

functions

O

m

A

The

illumination

projects

onto

the

back

focal

plane

of

each

objective

lens

three

disk

like

images

of

the

multi

mode

fiber

's

end

face

corresponding

to

diffraction

orders

and

from

the

grating

Since

the

fiber

end

face

is

a

spatially

incoherent

light

source

any

given

point

in

one

of

the

six

fiber

images

is

mutually

coherent

only

with

the

corresponding

point

in

the

other

images

and

mutually

incoherent

with

all

other

points

one

example

of

a

mutually

coherent

point

triplet

in

one

pupil

plane

is

shown

as

yellow

points

in

A

B

The

spatial

frequency

components

of

the

light

amplitude

forms

six

circular

disks

here

shown

in

cross

section

corresponding

to

the

six

fiber

images

and

to

the

six

point

like

dots

that

occur

in

the

coherent

case

Fig

F

C

The

illumination

intensity

components

which

represent

difference

vectors

between

mutually

coherent

amplitude

components

and

were

point

like

in

the

coherent

case

Fig

G

are

broadened

by

the

incoherence

into

axial

line

segments

of

differing

length

D

Experimentally

measured

transfer

functions

O

m

for

m

The

image

brightness

represents

the

magnitude

of

O

m

k

as

function

of

k

with

a

nonlinear

color

scaling

chosen

to

visualize

both

strong

and

weak

regions

clearly

The

measured

O

m

were

rotationally

averaged

to

suppress

noise

Each

O

m

can

be

visually

recognized

as

a

convolution

of

the

corresponding

illumination

function

I

m

dotted

vertical

line

in

C

with

the

detection

OTF

Fig

D


Figure 3. Rho-kinase accumulates at the apical–lateral border of cells surrounding the wound. (A) Cells in a monolayer of MLC-RFP cells transiently expressing EGFP–Rho-kinase were ablated, and XZ images were collected. (B and C) XY images were taken before (B) and after (C) XZ imaging. EGFP–Rho-kinase and MLC-RFP coaccumulated simultaneously at the apical–lateral border (open arrowheads). EGFP–Rho-kinase did not accumulate at the basal–lateral border (closed arrowheads). Asterisks indicate the ablated cells. Bars, 10 μm.

Figure

Rho

kinase

accumulates

at

the

apical

lateral

border

of

cells

surrounding

the

wound

A

Cells

in

a

monolayer

of

MLC

RFP

cells

transiently

expressing

EGFP

Rho

kinase

were

ablated

and

XZ

images

were

collected

B

and

C

XY

images

were

taken

before

B

and

after

C

XZ

imaging

EGFP

Rho

kinase

and

MLC

RFP

coaccumulated

simultaneously

at

the

apical

lateral

border

open

arrowheads

EGFP

Rho

kinase

did

not

accumulate

at

the

basal

lateral

border

closed

arrowheads

Asterisks

indicate

the

ablated

cells

Bars

μm


Figure 2 Intravascular ultrasound of the LAD after insertion of first stent showing two segments of severe distal disease (A and B), proximal stented lesion (C), and near normal artery between the above, with minor atheroma on the right but no sign of distal dissection (D).

Figure

Intravascular

ultrasound

of

the

LAD

after

insertion

of

first

stent

showing

two

segments

of

severe

distal

disease

A

and

B

proximal

stented

lesion

C

and

near

normal

artery

between

the

above

with

minor

atheroma

on

the

right

but

no

sign

of

distal

dissection

D


Figure 1. Optical coherence tomography showing subretinal fluid accumulation before treatment (a) and its resolution after treatment (b). a b

Figure

Optical

coherence

tomography

showing

subretinal

fluid

accumulation

before

treatment

a

and

its

resolution

after

treatment

b

a

b


Fig. 4. One example from the foot MRI data set: the original image and its recognition and delineation results. (a) Original Image; (b) default initial model pose; (c) automatic recognition result by GC-ASM; (d) Delineation result by GC-ASM; (e) Delineation result by ASM; (f) delineation result by MOASM; (g) delineation result by GCKPCA [56].

Fig

One

example

from

the

foot

MRI

data

set

the

original

image

and

its

recognition

and

delineation

results

a

Original

Image

b

default

initial

model

pose

c

automatic

recognition

result

by

GC

ASM

d

Delineation

result

by

GC

ASM

e

Delineation

result

by

ASM

f

delineation

result

by

MOASM

g

delineation

result

by

GCKPCA


Fig. 2. Representative 20-nm-thick slices within transverse sections. The XY slices (Left) are perpendicular to the electron beam, and the XZ slices (Right) are parallel to the beam at the location indicated by the red dashed line. In A and B where the XY slices show a collection of dots near the leading edge of the septum, the corresponding XZ slices reveal streak patterns, indicating the dots are cross-sections of filaments. In C where the cells were treated with LatA, the collection of dots and streak pattern are not seen in the XY and XZ slices, respectively. (Scale bar: 100 nm in A, also applies to B and C.)

Fig

Representative

thick

slices

within

transverse

sections

The

XY

slices

Left

are

perpendicular

to

the

electron

beam

and

the

XZ

slices

Right

are

parallel

to

the

beam

at

the

location

indicated

by

the

red

dashed

line

In

A

and

B

where

the

XY

slices

show

a

collection

of

dots

near

the

leading

edge

of

the

septum

the

corresponding

XZ

slices

reveal

streak

patterns

indicating

the

dots

are

cross

sections

of

filaments

In

C

where

the

cells

were

treated

with

LatA

the

collection

of

dots

and

streak

pattern

are

not

seen

in

the

XY

and

XZ

slices

respectively

Scale

bar

nm

in

A

also

applies

to

B

and

C.


Figure 1: A. CT on admission shows high-density heterogeneous mass in the third ventricle and obstructive hydrocephalus. B. CT image two weeks after VP-shunt procedure shows improvement of hydrocephalus. C. CT image six months after VP-shunt surgery shows enlargement of tumor mass. D. CT image two weeks after that of Fig 1C shows further expansion of the tumor

Figure

A.

CT

on

admission

shows

high

density

heterogeneous

mass

in

the

third

ventricle

and

obstructive

hydrocephalus

B.

CT

image

two

weeks

after

VP

shunt

procedure

shows

improvement

of

hydrocephalus

C.

CT

image

six

months

after

VP

shunt

surgery

shows

enlargement

of

tumor

mass

D.

CT

image

two

weeks

after

that

of

Fig

shows

further

expansion

of

the

tumor


Figure 1: MRI Brain shows a heterogeneously hyperintense mass extending from planum sphenoidale and compressing both frontal lobes on T2WI sagittal images (a) with surrounding edema. The lesion shows heterogeneous postcontrast enhancement and extends to the right frontal sinus and anterior cerebral artery on T1W1 image with contrast (b)

Figure

MRI

Brain

shows

a

heterogeneously

hyperintense

mass

extending

from

planum

sphenoidale

and

compressing

both

frontal

lobes

on

sagittal

images

a

with

surrounding

edema

The

lesion

shows

heterogeneous

postcontrast

enhancement

and

extends

to

the

right

frontal

sinus

and

anterior

cerebral

artery

on

image

with

contrast

b


Figure 1 (A) Axial high-resolution CT image showing a characteristic reverse halo sign in the left lower lobe, with an annular consolidation and central presence of ground glass opacity. (B) Sagittal high-resolution CT image. The reversed halo sign in image A in this plane is present as a long-shaped opacity.

Figure

A

Axial

high

resolution

CT

image

showing

a

characteristic

reverse

halo

sign

in

the

left

lower

lobe

with

an

annular

consolidation

and

central

presence

of

ground

glass

opacity

B

Sagittal

high

resolution

CT

image

The

reversed

halo

sign

in

image

A

in

this

plane

is

present

as

a

long

shaped

opacity


Figure 1. Computed tomography scans. (A) The arrow showed a soft tissue mass with obscure boundaries and moderate enhancement in the glans penis on the arterial phase. (C) The arrow showed an enlarged inguinal lymph node with ring-like enhancement. (B and D) The arrows showed the mass and the lymph node regressed following chemotherapy.

Figure

Computed

tomography

scans

A

The

arrow

showed

a

soft

tissue

mass

with

obscure

boundaries

and

moderate

enhancement

in

the

glans

penis

on

the

arterial

phase

C

The

arrow

showed

an

enlarged

inguinal

lymph

node

with

ring

like

enhancement

B

and

D

The

arrows

showed

the

mass

and

the

lymph

node

regressed

following

chemotherapy


Fig. 2. CT images of the multipurpose chest phantom showing the 8 mm low-attenuation (anterior) and high-attenuation (posterior) simulated ground-glass opacities (GGOs). These images were acquired using (a) a clinical lung cancer screening protocol (51 effective mAs) and reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP), or (b) and (c) a reduced tube current protocol (20 effective mAs) and reconstructed with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) or model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), respectively.

Fig

CT

images

of

the

multipurpose

chest

phantom

showing

the

mm

low

attenuation

anterior

and

high

attenuation

posterior

simulated

ground

glass

opacities

GGOs

These

images

were

acquired

using

a

a

clinical

lung

cancer

screening

protocol

effective

mAs

and

reconstructed

with

filtered

back

projection

FBP

or

b

and

c

a

reduced

tube

current

protocol

effective

mAs

and

reconstructed

with

adaptive

statistical

iterative

reconstruction

ASIR

or

model

based

iterative

reconstruction

MBIR

respectively


FIGURE 6. Computed tomographic (CT) images of a 67-yr-old female with fibrosing pulmonary sarcoidosis with honeycombing pattern and pulmonary hypertension. a) Honeycombing predominates in the upper and perihilar regions, and along the bronchovascular bundles. Note the various sizes of the cysts. b) Contrast-enhanced CT shows the widest diameter of the main pulmonary artery with a diameter superior to that of the ascending aorta and slight vascular compression by enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.

FIGURE

Computed

tomographic

CT

images

of

a

old

female

with

fibrosing

pulmonary

sarcoidosis

with

honeycombing

pattern

and

pulmonary

hypertension

a

Honeycombing

predominates

in

the

upper

and

perihilar

regions

and

along

the

bronchovascular

bundles

Note

the

various

sizes

of

the

cysts

b

Contrast

enhanced

CT

shows

the

widest

diameter

of

the

main

pulmonary

artery

with

a

diameter

superior

to

that

of

the

ascending

aorta

and

slight

vascular

compression

by

enlarged

mediastinal

lymph

nodes


Fig. 2 Gastroenterological endoscopy findings. Gastroenterological endoscopy revealed tumor lesion with widespread ulceration in the gastric cardia, a in October 2009 and b in June 2011. The stomach lesion decreased after 2 years of chemo-immunotherapy, preoperatively

Fig

Gastroenterological

endoscopy

findings

Gastroenterological

endoscopy

revealed

tumor

lesion

with

widespread

ulceration

in

the

gastric

cardia

a

in

October

and

b

in

June

The

stomach

lesion

decreased

after

years

of

chemo

immunotherapy

preoperatively


Fig. 6 Time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) with pencil beam pulse dynamic images (the first–third dynamic images) of a patient after endoscopic third ventriculostomy for cerebral aqueduct occlusion caused by a hematoma. The labeling pulses were applied to the posterior (a), middle (b), and anterior (c) portions of the third ventricle.

Fig

Time

spatial

labeling

inversion

pulse

Time

SLIP

with

pencil

beam

pulse

dynamic

images

the

first

third

dynamic

images

of

a

patient

after

endoscopic

third

ventriculostomy

for

cerebral

aqueduct

occlusion

caused

by

a

hematoma

The

labeling

pulses

were

applied

to

the

posterior

a

middle

b

and

anterior

c

portions

of

the

third

ventricle


Fig. 3 Retinography (a) and fundus autofluorescence imaging (b) showing new lesions. The patient had initiated a second tapered course of prednisone. At this point, a dexamethasone intravitreal implant was indicated

Fig

Retinography

a

and

fundus

autofluorescence

imaging

b

showing

new

lesions

The

patient

had

initiated

a

second

tapered

course

of

prednisone

At

this

point

a

dexamethasone

intravitreal

implant

was

indicated


Fig. 2. (A) Lateral radiograph showing a notching of the anterior femoral cortex after total knee arthroplasty. (B) Lateral radiograph at postoperative 2 years showing a displaced supracondylar femoral fracture at the site of cortical notching.

Fig

A

Lateral

radiograph

showing

a

notching

of

the

anterior

femoral

cortex

after

total

knee

arthroplasty

B

Lateral

radiograph

at

postoperative

years

showing

a

displaced

supracondylar

femoral

fracture

at

the

site

of

cortical

notching


Figure 2. No Evidence of Ependymal Enhancement on MRI (Group B). Axial (A) and coronal (B) gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images showing a left parietal ring enhancing lesion not contacting the ventricular wall.

Figure

No

Evidence

of

Ependymal

Enhancement

on

MRI

Group

B

Axial

A

and

coronal

B

gadolinium

enhanced

images

showing

a

left

parietal

ring

enhancing

lesion

not

contacting

the

ventricular

wall


Fig. 3 Maximum intensity projection images and fusion images. a 18F-FDG, b 11CMET, and c 11C-4DST PET images obtained in a 63-yearold man (Patient 1) with MM (IgA-j). Numerous active lesions are visible in the three maximum intensity projection images. The fusion images are for the cross-section at the level of the red lines (d). The lesion in the right ischium (bold arrow) was positive on all three PET scans. However, the lesion in the right pubis (narrow arrow) was only positive on the 11C-MET PET and 11C-4DST PET scans and was equivocal on the 18F-FDG PET scan (color figure online)

Fig

Maximum

intensity

projection

images

and

fusion

images

a

FDG

b

and

c

PET

images

obtained

in

a

man

Patient

with

MM

IgA

j

Numerous

active

lesions

are

visible

in

the

three

maximum

intensity

projection

images

The

fusion

images

are

for

the

cross

section

at

the

level

of

the

red

lines

d

The

lesion

in

the

right

ischium

bold

arrow

was

positive

on

all

three

PET

scans

However

the

lesion

in

the

right

pubis

narrow

arrow

was

only

positive

on

the

MET

PET

and

PET

scans

and

was

equivocal

on

the

FDG

PET

scan

color

figure

online


Figure 1. The subcellular distribution of ERβ1 and ERβ2 in PTC and NTG. Nuclear (A), nucleocytoplasmic (B) and cytoplasmic (C) staining of ERβ1 and nuclear (D) and nucleocytoplasmic (E) staining of ERβ2 in PTC. Nuclear (F) and nucleocytoplasmic (G) staining of ERβ1 and nuclear (H) staining of ERβ2 in NTG. Scale bar =5 µm.

Figure

The

subcellular

distribution

of

and

in

PTC

and

NTG

Nuclear

A

nucleocytoplasmic

B

and

cytoplasmic

C

staining

of

and

nuclear

D

and

nucleocytoplasmic

E

staining

of

in

PTC

Nuclear

F

and

nucleocytoplasmic

G

staining

of

and

nuclear

H

staining

of

in

NTG

Scale

bar

µm


Fig. 3 Brain magnetic resonance imaging at four weeks of treatment in axial multiple sequences. Decrease of the level of debris layering the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles in all sequences: axial diffusion b1000 (a), axial T1 gadolinium (b) and axial T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) gadolinium sequences (c). Clear decrease of the periventricular hyperintensities and ependymal enhancement in T1 with gadolinium (b) and T2 FLAIR gadolinium (c) sequences. Decrease of b1000 DWI hyperintensities. No apparition of new ischemic lesions

Fig

Brain

magnetic

resonance

imaging

at

four

weeks

of

treatment

in

axial

multiple

sequences

Decrease

of

the

level

of

debris

layering

the

occipital

horns

of

the

lateral

ventricles

in

all

sequences

axial

diffusion

a

axial

gadolinium

b

and

axial

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

gadolinium

sequences

c

Clear

decrease

of

the

periventricular

hyperintensities

and

ependymal

enhancement

in

with

gadolinium

b

and

FLAIR

gadolinium

c

sequences

Decrease

of

DWI

hyperintensities

No

apparition

of

new

ischemic

lesions


Fig. 4. A 59-year-old man with idiopathic synovial osteochondromatosis of the left hip. A. Anteoposterior radiograph of the left hip shows juxta-articular osteopenia and joint-space narrowing of the left hip joint (arrowhead). B. T1-weighted coronal MR image of the same patient depicts an iso-intense intra-articular lesion (arrows). C. T2-weighted image, obtained at the same level as in B, shows an intra-articular body of low signal intensity (curved arrow). Note that another intra-articular body has peripheral low signal intensity (arrowhead), and the central area has the signal characteristics of hyaline cartilage.

Fig

A

old

man

with

idiopathic

synovial

osteochondromatosis

of

the

left

hip

A.

Anteoposterior

radiograph

of

the

left

hip

shows

juxta

articular

osteopenia

and

joint

space

narrowing

of

the

left

hip

joint

arrowhead

B.

coronal

MR

image

of

the

same

patient

depicts

an

iso

intense

intra

articular

lesion

arrows

C.

image

obtained

at

the

same

level

as

in

B

shows

an

intra

articular

body

of

low

signal

intensity

curved

arrow

Note

that

another

intra

articular

body

has

peripheral

low

signal

intensity

arrowhead

and

the

central

area

has

the

signal

characteristics

of

hyaline

cartilage


Fig. 2 Computed tomography immediately after contrast medium injection (left and middle images) and 3 h later (right images). Two cysts at left T9 and T10 showed much higher intensity than the other cysts immediately after contrast medium injection

Fig

Computed

tomography

immediately

after

contrast

medium

injection

left

and

middle

images

and

h

later

right

images

Two

cysts

at

left

and

showed

much

higher

intensity

than

the

other

cysts

immediately

after

contrast

medium

injection


Fig. 1. Case 1. Preoperative axial (A), coronal (b), and sagittal (C) contrast-enhanced MR images showing a 38-mm multicystic lesion that extends into the third ventricle and hypothalamus, compatible with the diagnosis of recurrent craniopharyngioma and fusiform dilation of the right-sided supraclinoid segment of the ICA (arrows).

Fig

Case

Preoperative

axial

A

coronal

b

and

sagittal

C

contrast

enhanced

MR

images

showing

a

multicystic

lesion

that

extends

into

the

third

ventricle

and

hypothalamus

compatible

with

the

diagnosis

of

recurrent

craniopharyngioma

and

fusiform

dilation

of

the

right

sided

supraclinoid

segment

of

the

ICA

arrows


Fig. 3 90Y PET/CT-guided treatment plan for Patient 5 (Table 1). a Post-radi hepatic protocol CT. c 100-, 120-, and 150-Gy isodose curves computed fro method. d Electrode placement in-plane (dashed white line), electrode plac cell killing boundary (solid white line, Ω = 6.9)

Fig

PET

CT

guided

treatment

plan

for

Patient

Table

a

Post

radi

hepatic

protocol

CT

c

and

isodose

curves

computed

fro

method

d

Electrode

placement

in

plane

dashed

white

line

electrode

plac

cell

killing

boundary

solid

white

line

Ω


Figure 1. Computed tomography (CT) images in a 26-year-old woman before and after inferior vena cava (IVC) filter removal. a. Before IVC filter removal, CT image in the coronal plane using a maximum intensity projection reconstruction shows IVC filter (arrow). b. Before IVC filter removal, CT image in the transverse plane shows IVC filter and filter legs (arrowheads) protruding outside the IVC wall. c. After IVC filter removal, control CT image in the transverse plane shows no active bleeding or hematoma in the retroperitoneum.

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

images

in

a

old

woman

before

and

after

inferior

vena

cava

IVC

filter

removal

a.

Before

IVC

filter

removal

CT

image

in

the

coronal

plane

using

a

maximum

intensity

projection

reconstruction

shows

IVC

filter

arrow

b.

Before

IVC

filter

removal

CT

image

in

the

transverse

plane

shows

IVC

filter

and

filter

legs

arrowheads

protruding

outside

the

IVC

wall

c.

After

IVC

filter

removal

control

CT

image

in

the

transverse

plane

shows

no

active

bleeding

or

hematoma

in

the

retroperitoneum


Figure 2 Computed tomography scans with (A) axial, (B) coronal, and (C) sagittal views. Yellow arrow identifies lesion. Tumor has solid and cystic components with loss of fat plane between the mass and anus.

Figure

Computed

tomography

scans

with

A

axial

B

coronal

and

C

sagittal

views

Yellow

arrow

identifies

lesion

Tumor

has

solid

and

cystic

components

with

loss

of

fat

plane

between

the

mass

and

anus


Figure 2. Results from the traditional mass-univariate fMRI analysis. (a–e) Brain regions stronger activated in response to chosen vs. not chosen packages: a) Left inferior parietal gyrus; b/c) left caudate/putamen/pallidum and right putamen; d/e) Border of right middle occipital gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. (f) Brain regions modulated by absolute attractiveness in the first product presentation period: a cluster stretching from the left superior frontal gyrus to the middle frontal gyrus. For visualization purposes, all images are thresholded at T-value .2.86. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041738.g002

Figure

Results

from

the

traditional

mass

univariate

fMRI

analysis

a

e

Brain

regions

stronger

activated

in

response

to

chosen

vs.

not

chosen

packages

a

Left

inferior

parietal

gyrus

b

c

left

caudate

putamen

pallidum

and

right

putamen

d

e

Border

of

right

middle

occipital

gyrus

and

middle

temporal

gyrus

f

Brain

regions

modulated

by

absolute

attractiveness

in

the

first

product

presentation

period

a

cluster

stretching

from

the

left

superior

frontal

gyrus

to

the

middle

frontal

gyrus

For

visualization

purposes

all

images

are

thresholded

at

T

value


Figure 1 - Grayscale 2D ultrasound shows an obscured anterior wall and sound artifacts in the lumen (A), while a VET image shows a clear lumen and a thickened endo-medial tunica of the anterior and posterior wall (B).

Figure

Grayscale

ultrasound

shows

an

obscured

anterior

wall

and

sound

artifacts

in

the

lumen

A

while

a

VET

image

shows

a

clear

lumen

and

a

thickened

endo

medial

tunica

of

the

anterior

and

posterior

wall

B


Fig. 18 Liver metastasis. Images (a) and (b), obtained from the standard ultrasound machine, show multiple hypoechoic lesions (arrows) scattered in both lobes of the liver, which is suggestive of metastasis. Images (c) and (d) from the same patient, obtained from the pocket-sized ultrasound machine, cannot clearly identify the hypoechoic lesions (arrows).

Fig

Liver

metastasis

Images

a

and

b

obtained

from

the

standard

ultrasound

machine

show

multiple

hypoechoic

lesions

arrows

scattered

in

both

lobes

of

the

liver

which

is

suggestive

of

metastasis

Images

c

and

d

from

the

same

patient

obtained

from

the

pocket

sized

ultrasound

machine

can

not

clearly

identify

the

hypoechoic

lesions

arrows


Figure 1. Localization of SNpr infusion sites in monkey. (A) Coronal planes from the public domain Rhesus Macaque “Red” Symmetrical Brain Atlas (Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Insitute of Mental Health) showing SNpr (ventral dashed ellipses) as measured by distance from the interaural plane: anterior (+9.0 mm), central (+8.0 mm), and posterior (+7.0 mm). Solid symbols indicate infusion sites for each animal; dose of MUS administered was 9nmol per 1ul for all animals. The sites were reconstructed from in vivo MRI, postmortem MRI, or histology for all animals (SL, AB, TH, NO, and YO). (B) Three representative images (animals YO, TH, and AB) showing tungsten electrodes placed in SNpr during in vivo MRI, needle tracks indicating infusion sites in postmortem high-resolution MRI, and Nissl-stained histology. In the in vivo images, electrodes were placed dorsal to the SNpr and coordinates were adjusted prior to experimental drug infusions. Images correspond to their respective planes in A. The arrows point to the tips of cannula tracks in both postmortem and histological images. (C) MR image (animal YO) following infusion of gadolinium (5 mM, 1ul) into the medial SNpr. White area shows hypersignal (3 mm in diameter) indicating diffusion of the 1ul volume 60 min after infusion. MUS infused in this site in SNpr evoked motor response indicated in Table 1. LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; SNpr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; III, third ventricle. The scale bar shown for the photomicrograph in Panel B, (Animal AB) = 5 mm. This scale bar also applies to the other photomicrographs in this figure.

Figure

Localization

of

SNpr

infusion

sites

in

monkey

A

Coronal

planes

from

the

public

domain

Rhesus

Macaque

Red

Symmetrical

Brain

Atlas

Laboratory

of

Neuropsychology

National

Insitute

of

Mental

Health

showing

SNpr

ventral

dashed

ellipses

as

measured

by

distance

from

the

interaural

plane

anterior

mm

central

mm

and

posterior

mm

Solid

symbols

indicate

infusion

sites

for

each

animal

dose

of

MUS

administered

was

per

for

all

animals

The

sites

were

reconstructed

from

in

vivo

MRI

postmortem

MRI

or

histology

for

all

animals

SL

AB

TH

NO

and

YO

B

Three

representative

images

animals

YO

TH

and

AB

showing

tungsten

electrodes

placed

in

SNpr

during

in

vivo

MRI

needle

tracks

indicating

infusion

sites

in

postmortem

high

resolution

MRI

and

Nissl

stained

histology

In

the

in

vivo

images

electrodes

were

placed

dorsal

to

the

SNpr

and

coordinates

were

adjusted

prior

to

experimental

drug

infusions

Images

correspond

to

their

respective

planes

in

A.

The

arrows

point

to

the

tips

of

cannula

tracks

in

both

postmortem

and

histological

images

C

MR

image

animal

YO

following

infusion

of

gadolinium

mM

into

the

medial

SNpr

White

area

shows

hypersignal

mm

in

diameter

indicating

diffusion

of

the

volume

min

after

infusion

MUS

infused

in

this

site

in

SNpr

evoked

motor

response

indicated

in

Table

LGN

lateral

geniculate

nucleus

SNpr

substantia

nigra

pars

reticulata

III

third

ventricle

The

scale

bar

shown

for

the

photomicrograph

in

Panel

B

Animal

AB

mm

This

scale

bar

also

applies

to

the

other

photomicrographs

in

this

figure


Fig. 1. (A) A simple plain radiograph of the lateral view of the cervical region of the spine, showing spondylotic change. The disc height is greater than 50% of the normal height at only the C5-6 level. (B) Cervical MRI showing the large tortuous anatomical variation in the left vertebral artery at the C5-6 level (arrow).

Fig

A

A

simple

plain

radiograph

of

the

lateral

view

of

the

cervical

region

of

the

spine

showing

spondylotic

change

The

disc

height

is

greater

than

of

the

normal

height

at

only

the

level

B

Cervical

MRI

showing

the

large

tortuous

anatomical

variation

in

the

left

vertebral

artery

at

the

level

arrow


Figure 5: (a) CT showed free air around the right lateral region (yellow arrows). (b) Intraoperative findings showed perforation of the cecum with no obvious masses (yellow arrow).

Figure

a

CT

showed

free

air

around

the

right

lateral

region

yellow

arrows

b

Intraoperative

findings

showed

perforation

of

the

cecum

with

no

obvious

masses

yellow

arrow


Fig. 1 Preoperative images of a patient with a rectal cancer involving S4 and S5. (A) Axial T1-WI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing invasion of the low sacrum. (B) Axial computed tomography scan demonstrating sacral bone destruction. (C) Sagittal MRI depicting a rectal mass and the sacral segments affected. This image has been used as a scheme to demonstrate the transabdominal route, necessary to gain control of the internal iliac vessels, to dissect the superior and most of the anterior part of the tumor and to do the sacral osteotomy. The perineal route was utilized to dissect the inferior part of the tumor, the coccyx, and the inferior and posterior part of the sacrum.

Fig

Preoperative

images

of

a

patient

with

a

rectal

cancer

involving

and

A

Axial

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

showing

invasion

of

the

low

sacrum

B

Axial

computed

tomography

scan

demonstrating

sacral

bone

destruction

C

Sagittal

MRI

depicting

a

rectal

mass

and

the

sacral

segments

affected

This

image

has

been

used

as

a

scheme

to

demonstrate

the

transabdominal

route

necessary

to

gain

control

of

the

internal

iliac

vessels

to

dissect

the

superior

and

most

of

the

anterior

part

of

the

tumor

and

to

do

the

sacral

osteotomy

The

perineal

route

was

utilized

to

dissect

the

inferior

part

of

the

tumor

the

coccyx

and

the

inferior

and

posterior

part

of

the

sacrum


Figure 2. (A) Preoperative cross-table X-ray. (B) Measurement of anterior femoral head-neck offset. (C) Measurement of the posterior femoral head-neck offset to obtain the relation anterior-posterior femoral head-neck offset. Line 1 follows the femoral neck direction, line 2 is parallel to line 1 and is tangential to the point in which the femoral head loses the anterior sphericity, and line 3 is parallel to 1 and 2 and is tangential to the most anterior point of the femoral head. The distance between line 2 and 3 is what we considered to be the anterior femoral head-neck offset. Line 4 is parallel to the described lines and is tangential to the point in which the femoral head loses the posterior sphericity, and line 5 is tangential to the most posterior point of the femoral head. The distance between line 4 and 5 is what we considered to be the posterior femoral head-neck offset.

Figure

A

Preoperative

cross

table

X

ray

B

Measurement

of

anterior

femoral

head

neck

offset

C

Measurement

of

the

posterior

femoral

head

neck

offset

to

obtain

the

relation

anterior

posterior

femoral

head

neck

offset

Line

follows

the

femoral

neck

direction

line

is

parallel

to

line

and

is

tangential

to

the

point

in

which

the

femoral

head

loses

the

anterior

sphericity

and

line

is

parallel

to

and

and

is

tangential

to

the

most

anterior

point

of

the

femoral

head

The

distance

between

line

and

is

what

we

considered

to

be

the

anterior

femoral

head

neck

offset

Line

is

parallel

to

the

described

lines

and

is

tangential

to

the

point

in

which

the

femoral

head

loses

the

posterior

sphericity

and

line

is

tangential

to

the

most

posterior

point

of

the

femoral

head

The

distance

between

line

and

is

what

we

considered

to

be

the

posterior

femoral

head

neck

offset


Figure 4. Comparison of MRI axial images of the inflammatory area. Different MRI image types 12 hours after bacterial inoculation (ellipse). (A–C) Representative images of a rat which received SPIOlabeled granulocytes. (D–F) Representative images of a rat from the control group which received unlabeled granulocytes. (A, D) T2* weighted images; (B, E) computed susceptibility weighted images (SWI); (C, F) T2-mapping computed images. Maximal loss of signal intensity was detected in T2* weighted images (D). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051770.g004

Figure

Comparison

of

MRI

axial

images

of

the

inflammatory

area

Different

MRI

image

types

hours

after

bacterial

inoculation

ellipse

A

C

Representative

images

of

a

rat

which

received

SPIOlabeled

granulocytes

D

F

Representative

images

of

a

rat

from

the

control

group

which

received

unlabeled

granulocytes

A

D

weighted

images

B

E

computed

susceptibility

weighted

images

SWI

C

F

computed

images

Maximal

loss

of

signal

intensity

was

detected

in

weighted

images

D


Fig. 5. Aged SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice have an increased neuronal loss in the neocortex. (A) Immunostaining with anti-NeuN antibody of 10-μm cryostat sections of the somatosensory cortex of aged WT, SynI–/– and SynII–/– brains (eight mice per group). Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Schematic drawing of a coronal section of mouse brain at bregma level –1.55 mm (modified from the Allen Reference Atlas, http://www.brainmap.org/welcome.do), showing the sampled region of the somatosensory cortex that was analyzed (boxed area). (C) The number of NeuN-stained nuclei counted in the sampled area of young and aged mice, plotted as mean percent changes ± s.e.m. with respect to age-matched WT mice, showed a significant neuronal loss in aged mutant mice. The counts of NeuNstained nuclei/sampled area in WT mice were 946.7±36.5 and 907.6±37.5 for young and aged mice, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by means of oneway ANOVA [F(2,20) = 12.94, P<0.001] followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (**P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs WT).

Fig

Aged

SynI–/

and

SynII–/

mice

have

an

increased

neuronal

loss

in

the

neocortex

A

Immunostaining

with

anti

NeuN

antibody

of

cryostat

sections

of

the

somatosensory

cortex

of

aged

WT

SynI–/

and

SynII–/

brains

eight

mice

per

group

Scale

bar

μm

B

Schematic

drawing

of

a

coronal

section

of

mouse

brain

at

bregma

level

mm

modified

from

the

Allen

Reference

Atlas

showing

the

sampled

region

of

the

somatosensory

cortex

that

was

analyzed

boxed

area

C

The

number

of

NeuN

stained

nuclei

counted

in

the

sampled

area

of

young

and

aged

mice

plotted

as

mean

percent

changes

s.e.m

with

respect

to

age

matched

WT

mice

showed

a

significant

neuronal

loss

in

aged

mutant

mice

The

counts

of

NeuNstained

nuclei

sampled

area

in

WT

mice

were

and

for

young

and

aged

mice

respectively

Statistical

analysis

was

performed

by

means

of

oneway

ANOVA

followed

by

Bonferroni

’s

multiple

comparison

test

vs

WT


Figure 1. (A) The chest radiograph demonstrates diffuse reticulonodular opacities in both lungs. (B) A high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan reveals diffuse patchy ground glass opacity (black arrows), mosaic perfusion (black arrowheads) and traction bronchiectasis (white arrows) in both lungs. (C) Air-trapping (black arrows) is noted in an expiratory view of the HRCT scan.

Figure

A

The

chest

radiograph

demonstrates

diffuse

reticulonodular

opacities

in

both

lungs

B

A

high

resolution

computed

tomography

HRCT

scan

reveals

diffuse

patchy

ground

glass

opacity

black

arrows

mosaic

perfusion

black

arrowheads

and

traction

bronchiectasis

white

arrows

in

both

lungs

C

Air

trapping

black

arrows

is

noted

in

an

expiratory

view

of

the

HRCT

scan


Fig. 2. Chest computed tomography angiography of the child showing a minute space between the airway and the spine and the severe ovalization of the stent in the left mainstem bronchus: A) multiplanar coronal reconstruction; B) axial plane.

Fig

Chest

computed

tomography

angiography

of

the

child

showing

a

minute

space

between

the

airway

and

the

spine

and

the

severe

ovalization

of

the

stent

in

the

left

mainstem

bronchus

A

multiplanar

coronal

reconstruction

B

axial

plane


Fig. 2.-Heterogeneous plaque. Transverse (A) and longitudinal (B) 10 MHz high-resolution sonagrams show heterogeneous plaque. Outer vessel wall (large arrows). Markers denote inner vessel wall. Anechoic areas are intermixed within echagenic plaque (small arrows). Presence of calcifications is ignored in this classification and does not place plaque in heterogeneous pattern. C, Corresponding pathologic specimens show subintimal hemorrhage (arrows) .

Fig

plaque

Transverse

A

and

longitudinal

B

MHz

high

resolution

sonagrams

show

heterogeneous

plaque

Outer

vessel

wall

large

arrows

Markers

denote

inner

vessel

wall

Anechoic

areas

are

intermixed

within

echagenic

plaque

small

arrows

Presence

of

calcifications

is

ignored

in

this

classification

and

does

not

place

plaque

in

heterogeneous

pattern

C

Corresponding

pathologic

specimens

show

subintimal

hemorrhage

arrows


Fig. 4. (a) Sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to surgery showing herniation of the cerebellar tonsils 15 mm below the foramen magnum (black line) into the cervical spinal cord. (b) Sagittal T1-weighted MRI a week after surgery showing slight improvement in the Chiari type 1 malformation. (c) Sagittal T1- weighted MRI performed 6 mo after surgery showing marked improvement in the Chiari type 1 malformation.

Fig

a

Sagittal

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

prior

to

surgery

showing

herniation

of

the

cerebellar

tonsils

mm

below

the

foramen

magnum

black

line

into

the

cervical

spinal

cord

b

Sagittal

MRI

a

week

after

surgery

showing

slight

improvement

in

the

Chiari

type

malformation

c

Sagittal

weighted

MRI

performed

mo

after

surgery

showing

marked

improvement

in

the

Chiari

type

malformation


FIGURE 2. Endoscopic features of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD). Longitudinal ulcer and cobblestone appearance in CD (A). Circumferential ulcer in ITB (B).

FIGURE

Endoscopic

features

of

intestinal

tuberculosis

ITB

and

Crohn

's

disease

CD

Longitudinal

ulcer

and

cobblestone

appearance

in

CD

A

Circumferential

ulcer

in

ITB

B


Figure 4 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted short-time inversion recovery four-chamber view images (Upper left) and two-chamber view images (Upper right) showing transmural signal hyperintensity (myocardial oedema) in the mid-apical segments of the left ventricle; shorttime inversion recovery images at the 2-month follow-up show regression of myocardial oedema.

Figure

Cardiac

magnetic

resonance

imaging

short

time

inversion

recovery

four

chamber

view

images

Upper

left

and

two

chamber

view

images

Upper

right

showing

transmural

signal

hyperintensity

myocardial

oedema

in

the

mid

apical

segments

of

the

left

ventricle

shorttime

inversion

recovery

images

at

the

follow

up

show

regression

of

myocardial

oedema


Fig. 5. Characterization of ‘pituitary signet-ring cells’ in Prop1 transgenic pituitary. H&E stain, immunostaining of GH, PRL, αGSU, TSHβ, LHβ, ACTH, Pit1 and ERα. All sections were counter-stained by methyl green or hematoxylin nuclear stain. Four cases of Prop1 Tg pituitaries reveal signet-ring hypertrophic gonadotropes. Arrow: pituitary signet-ring cells, white arrowhead: nuclei of signet-ring cells. Bars=50 μm.

Fig

Characterization

of

pituitary

signet

ring

cells

in

transgenic

pituitary

H&E

stain

immunostaining

of

GH

PRL

αGSU

TSHβ

LHβ

ACTH

and

ERα

All

sections

were

counter

stained

by

methyl

green

or

hematoxylin

nuclear

stain

Four

cases

of

Tg

pituitaries

reveal

signet

ring

hypertrophic

gonadotropes

Arrow

pituitary

signet

ring

cells

white

arrowhead

nuclei

of

signet

ring

cells

μm


Fig. 5. (a) Color fundus photograph of left eye post-IMRT showing a regressed lesion marked by reduced elevation of the lesion and resolved subretinal fluid; (b) SD-OCT of the lesion (corresponding line scan to that shown in Fig. 1b) post-IMRT demonstrating resolution of the subretinal fluid and decreased elevation of the lesion; (c) SD-OCT through the macula showing significant reduction in lesion size with corresponding improvement in foveal contour. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig

a

Color

fundus

photograph

of

left

eye

post

IMRT

showing

a

regressed

lesion

marked

by

reduced

elevation

of

the

lesion

and

resolved

subretinal

fluid

b

SD

OCT

of

the

lesion

corresponding

line

scan

to

that

shown

in

Fig

post

IMRT

demonstrating

resolution

of

the

subretinal

fluid

and

decreased

elevation

of

the

lesion

c

SD

OCT

through

the

macula

showing

significant

reduction

in

lesion

size

with

corresponding

improvement

in

foveal

contour

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

colour

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

this

article


Figure 1. Contrast-enhanced CT showing bile duct dilatation (A) and an enhancing mass lesion in the head of the pancreas (B, C). CT = computed tomography.

Figure

Contrast

enhanced

CT

showing

bile

duct

dilatation

A

and

an

enhancing

mass

lesion

in

the

head

of

the

pancreas

B

C

CT

computed

tomography


Figure 4. Brain MRI on third admission, (A) T2-weighted image shows a region of high signal intensity on left lateral medulla, and (B) Fat-suppression image shows a gadolinium-enhanced lesion in a prechiasmatic area of right optic nerve.

Figure

Brain

MRI

on

third

admission

A

image

shows

a

region

of

high

signal

intensity

on

left

lateral

medulla

and

B

Fat

suppression

image

shows

a

gadolinium

enhanced

lesion

in

a

prechiasmatic

area

of

right

optic

nerve


Fig. 2 Original images from 3-mm slice abdominal CT scans obtained at 31 (a, b) and 32 (c) years of age (before OLT). a Note the multiple calcified stones in the head and body of the pancreas. Arrow indicates superior mesenteric vein. b Arrow indicates markedly atrophic pancreatic parenchyma without calcification in the tail of the gland. c Enhanced image showing atrophic parenchyma in the tail of the gland is more distinguishable (arrow). OLT oral litholysis therapy

Fig

Original

images

from

slice

abdominal

CT

scans

obtained

at

a

b

and

c

years

of

age

before

OLT

a

Note

the

multiple

calcified

stones

in

the

head

and

body

of

the

pancreas

Arrow

indicates

superior

mesenteric

vein

b

Arrow

indicates

markedly

atrophic

pancreatic

parenchyma

without

calcification

in

the

tail

of

the

gland

c

Enhanced

image

showing

atrophic

parenchyma

in

the

tail

of

the

gland

is

more

distinguishable

arrow

OLT

oral

litholysis

therapy


Fig. 2. A 61-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. A lesion in the body of C7 is detected on whole-body 3T MRI only (arrows). No C7 lesion is detected on (a) whole-body X-ray, (b) FDG-PET/CT, or (c) NaF-PET/CT (circles). The C7 lesion is detected on all four MRI sequences with findings indicative of a myeloma bone lesions (arrows): (d) hypointense on coronal T1W imaging, (e) hyperintense on coronal STIR, (f) high signal intensity on DWI b1000, and (g) low signal intensity on axial ADC. ADC value is 0.52 10–3 mm2/s (SD¼ 0.1).

Fig

A

old

woman

with

newly

diagnosed

multiple

myeloma

A

lesion

in

the

body

of

is

detected

on

whole

body

T

MRI

only

arrows

No

lesion

is

detected

on

a

whole

body

X

ray

b

FDG

PET

CT

or

c

NaF

PET

CT

circles

The

lesion

is

detected

on

all

four

MRI

sequences

with

findings

indicative

of

a

myeloma

bone

lesions

arrows

d

hypointense

on

coronal

imaging

e

hyperintense

on

coronal

STIR

f

high

signal

intensity

on

DWI

and

g

low

signal

intensity

on

axial

ADC

ADC

value

is

s

SD¼


Figure 1 Representative images of immunohistochemistry for renal cell carcinoma of c-Src kinase, Src Y 527 , Src Y 416 and FAK Y 861 . Abbreviations: M ¼ membrane staining; C ¼ cytoplasmic staining; N ¼ nuclear staining.

Figure

Representative

images

of

immunohistochemistry

for

renal

cell

carcinoma

of

c

Src

kinase

Src

Y

Src

Y

and

FAK

Y

Abbreviations

M

¼

membrane

staining

C

¼

cytoplasmic

staining

N

¼

nuclear

staining


Fig. 4 Flexion (left) and extension (right) plain radiographs obtained at 4- month follow-up demonstrate good hardware positioning without graft dislodgment. Note that the significant correction of sagittal plane alignment is maintained. There is no motion of the instrumented spinal levels

Fig

Flexion

left

and

extension

right

plain

radiographs

obtained

at

month

follow

up

demonstrate

good

hardware

positioning

without

graft

dislodgment

Note

that

the

significant

correction

of

sagittal

plane

alignment

is

maintained

There

is

no

motion

of

the

instrumented

spinal

levels


Fig. 4. 55 years old female known case of metastatic Carcinoma endometrium with metastases to lungs, bones and peritoneum presented with right leg pain. A: X-ray Pelvis showing lytic lesion in the proximal Femur with pathological fracture. B:Palliative surgery was performed for pain relief and nursing care, right sided Proximal Femur Replacement with Bipolar hemiarthroplasty.

Fig

years

old

female

known

case

of

metastatic

Carcinoma

endometrium

with

metastases

to

lungs

bones

and

peritoneum

presented

with

right

leg

pain

A

X

ray

Pelvis

showing

lytic

lesion

in

the

proximal

Femur

with

pathological

fracture

B

Palliative

surgery

was

performed

for

pain

relief

and

nursing

care

right

sided

Proximal

Femur

Replacement

with

Bipolar

hemiarthroplasty