Figure 5. Oligodendrocytes, their processes, and nodes of Ranvier are associated with the reticular astrocyte network. u, Transverse EM section, showing an oligodendrocyte (0) and its process (p) running apposed to reticular astrocytic profiles (n). x 16,000. b, Transverse section showing a neighbor pair of nodes (N, top right), one touched (Table 1) by a reticular astrocyte process (p). The subaxolemmal density of nodes distinguished them from unmyelinated fibers (u, left). x 32,000. c and d, Examples from the spectrum of pet-modal astrocytic processes observed; see Table 1. pn, paranode; other labels as above. x 5 1,000. e, Longitudinal section through a representative node, with a reticular astrocyte process to the right. Scale bar, 0.3 pm. x 5 1,000.

Figure

Oligodendrocytes

their

processes

and

nodes

of

Ranvier

are

associated

with

the

reticular

astrocyte

network

u

Transverse

EM

section

showing

an

oligodendrocyte

and

its

process

p

running

apposed

to

reticular

astrocytic

profiles

n

x

b

Transverse

section

showing

a

neighbor

pair

of

nodes

N

top

right

one

touched

Table

by

a

reticular

astrocyte

process

p

The

subaxolemmal

density

of

nodes

distinguished

them

from

unmyelinated

fibers

u

left

x

c

and

d

Examples

from

the

spectrum

of

pet

modal

astrocytic

processes

observed

see

Table

pn

paranode

other

labels

as

above

x

e

Longitudinal

section

through

a

representative

node

with

a

reticular

astrocyte

process

to

the

right

Scale

bar

pm

x


Figure 2 Sagittal T1-weighted (left) and coronal T2-weighted (right) images demonstrating a spaceoccupying lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle compressing the brainstem and vestibulocerebellum.

Figure

Sagittal

left

and

coronal

right

images

demonstrating

a

spaceoccupying

lesion

in

the

left

cerebellopontine

angle

compressing

the

brainstem

and

vestibulocerebellum


Fig 2. Thymosin-β4 is not co-localised with MHC in the ventricle wall. Fluorescent immunostaining of foetal heart sections dual stained for thymosin β4 (A & E) and MHC (B & F), a cardiomyocyte marker, at low (A-D) and high (E-H) magnification. DAPI nuclear staining is also shown (C & G). Thymosin β4 staining is distinct from MHC staining (H). Representative of six individual hearts (7-12 pcw). Scale bars = 25 μm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207248.g002

Fig

Thymosin

β4

is

not

co

localised

with

MHC

in

the

ventricle

wall

Fluorescent

immunostaining

of

foetal

heart

sections

dual

stained

for

thymosin

β4

A

E

and

MHC

B

F

a

cardiomyocyte

marker

at

low

A

D

and

high

E

H

magnification

DAPI

nuclear

staining

is

also

shown

C

G

Thymosin

β4

staining

is

distinct

from

MHC

staining

H

Representative

of

six

individual

hearts

pcw

Scale

bars

μm


Fig. 1. A 54-year-old female patient admitted with the complaints of severe neck pain weakness at all four extremities and numbness particularly in the upper extremities. Her Nurick grade was 1 preoperatively. Her contrast-enhanced cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed about a 2.5 cm mass lesion in the neural channel with a typical meningioma view of a dural tail at the C1 level (sagittal [A] and axial [B] views with contrast). She underwent a single-sided key-hole laminotomy and the tumour was fully excised (postoperative sagittal T2 weighted MR image [C] and computed tomography showing the bone defect created by surgical approach [D]).

Fig

A

old

female

patient

admitted

with

the

complaints

of

severe

neck

pain

weakness

at

all

four

extremities

and

numbness

particularly

in

the

upper

extremities

Her

Nurick

grade

was

preoperatively

Her

contrast

enhanced

cervical

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

revealed

about

a

cm

mass

lesion

in

the

neural

channel

with

a

typical

meningioma

view

of

a

dural

tail

at

the

level

sagittal

A

and

axial

B

views

with

contrast

She

underwent

a

single

sided

key

hole

laminotomy

and

the

tumour

was

fully

excised

postoperative

sagittal

weighted

MR

image

C

and

computed

tomography

showing

the

bone

defect

created

by

surgical

approach

D


Figs 1-6. - SEM Oestrus ovis L,. 1: Ventral view. 2: Detail of the anterior region. Note the two symmetrical group of three small divergent bristles (arrows) located on the three thoracic segments. 3: Ventral face of the second and third toracic segment. The spines are prevailingly three-pointed. 4: Dorsal face with the double complete row of spines on the second thoracic segment (arrow) and the single incomplete row on the third thoracic (arrowhead) and first abdominal segments (asterisk). 5: Ventral face of the second abdominal segment. Skin prominence with bristles of probable sensory origin (arrow). 6: Ventral face of the last segment showing the "cat's claws" hooks.

Figs

SEM

Oestrus

ovis

L

Ventral

view

Detail

of

the

anterior

region

Note

the

two

symmetrical

group

of

three

small

divergent

bristles

arrows

located

on

the

three

thoracic

segments

Ventral

face

of

the

second

and

third

toracic

segment

The

spines

are

prevailingly

three

pointed

Dorsal

face

with

the

double

complete

row

of

spines

on

the

second

thoracic

segment

arrow

and

the

single

incomplete

row

on

the

third

thoracic

arrowhead

and

first

abdominal

segments

asterisk

Ventral

face

of

the

second

abdominal

segment

Skin

prominence

with

bristles

of

probable

sensory

origin

arrow

Ventral

face

of

the

last

segment

showing

the

cat

's

claws

hooks


Figure 3. (A) A plain radiograph revealing a subcutaneous round radio-opacity in the proximal calf; and, (B) homogeneous, hypoechoic fluid collection evident on ultrasonography.

Figure

A

A

plain

radiograph

revealing

a

subcutaneous

round

radio

opacity

in

the

proximal

calf

and

B

homogeneous

hypoechoic

fluid

collection

evident

on

ultrasonography


Fig. 3. Group×neural: negatively valenced distraction interactions. The figures show axial s deactivations in purple/blue. The color bars indicate the voxel-wise t statistic. Neural: cognit controls, a group×neural: negatively valence distraction interaction was detected in the righ driven by greater deactivation in the right mPFC in the unmedicated ADHD sample as comp identified in the mPFC bilaterally when examining the medicated and unmedicated ADHD unmedicated as compared to mediated ADHD sample. (C) No group×neural: negatively v sample and controls.

Fig

Group×neural

negatively

valenced

distraction

interactions

The

figures

show

axial

s

deactivations

in

purple

blue

The

color

bars

indicate

the

voxel

wise

t

statistic

Neural

cognit

controls

a

group×neural

negatively

valence

distraction

interaction

was

detected

in

the

righ

driven

by

greater

deactivation

in

the

right

mPFC

in

the

unmedicated

ADHD

sample

as

comp

identified

in

the

mPFC

bilaterally

when

examining

the

medicated

and

unmedicated

ADHD

unmedicated

as

compared

to

mediated

ADHD

sample

C

No

group×neural

negatively

v

sample

and

controls


Figure 2. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer FDG PET-CT Imaging Features. A three dimensional, maximum intensity projection, whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT (left). Physiologic uptake is seen in the brain, heart and liver with excretion through the renal pelvis and bladder. This tumor showed an intense FDG uptake with SUVmax of 19, SUVmean of 9.6, and TLG of 65.6 using a 50% SUVmax threshold (upper right). On CT, the lesion volume was estimated at 6.0 cm3 with a maximum diameter of 22 mm (lower right). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067733.g002

Figure

Non

small

Cell

Lung

Cancer

FDG

PET

CT

Imaging

Features

A

three

dimensional

maximum

intensity

projection

whole

body

FDG

PET

CT

left

Physiologic

uptake

is

seen

in

the

brain

heart

and

liver

with

excretion

through

the

renal

pelvis

and

bladder

This

tumor

showed

an

intense

FDG

uptake

with

SUVmax

of

SUVmean

of

and

TLG

of

using

a

SUVmax

threshold

upper

right

On

CT

the

lesion

volume

was

estimated

at

with

a

maximum

diameter

of

mm

lower

right


Figure 2 Experimental pain paradigm and functional connectivity results. The schematic illustration (A) represents the experimental pressure pain paradigm used during fMRI scanning. Calibrated painful pressures (long lines), representing 50 mm VAS, and non-painful pressures (short lines) were randomly delivered to the thumbnail during 2 adjacent 8 minute runs with 20 painful and 10 non-painful stimuli in each run. Functional connectivity results for the rACC seed (B) revealed incraesed connectivity to the amygdala (peak coordinate x = −14, y = 0, = − 16) and a cluster encompassing the brainstem/PAG/hippocampus (peak coordinate x = 12, y = 24, z = −12) in healthy controls, comapred to FM patients. Functional connectivity results for the thalmaus seed (C) revealed increased connectivity to the OBFC (peak coordinate x = −34, y = 50, z = −18) in healthy controls, compared to FM patients. All anatomical locations are given in Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates (MNI).

Figure

Experimental

pain

paradigm

and

functional

connectivity

results

The

schematic

illustration

A

represents

the

experimental

pressure

pain

paradigm

used

during

fMRI

scanning

Calibrated

painful

pressures

long

lines

representing

mm

VAS

and

non

painful

pressures

short

lines

were

randomly

delivered

to

the

thumbnail

during

adjacent

minute

runs

with

painful

and

non

painful

stimuli

in

each

run

Functional

connectivity

results

for

the

rACC

seed

B

revealed

incraesed

connectivity

to

the

amygdala

peak

coordinate

x

y

and

a

cluster

encompassing

the

brainstem

PAG

hippocampus

peak

coordinate

x

y

z

in

healthy

controls

comapred

to

FM

patients

Functional

connectivity

results

for

the

thalmaus

seed

C

revealed

increased

connectivity

to

the

OBFC

peak

coordinate

x

y

z

in

healthy

controls

compared

to

FM

patients

All

anatomical

locations

are

given

in

Montreal

Neurological

Institute

coordinates

MNI


Fig. 1. MRI Brain Imaging of the patient at day +59. T2-weighted images (A, B) and DWI image (C) demonstrate extensive hyperintensity in the left frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, as well as the left caudate and lentiform nucleus, in keeping with a large left middle cerebral artery territory infarct. There is ventricular dilatation indicating hydrocephalus.

Fig

MRI

Brain

Imaging

of

the

patient

at

day

images

A

B

and

DWI

image

C

demonstrate

extensive

hyperintensity

in

the

left

frontal

parietal

and

temporal

lobes

as

well

as

the

left

caudate

and

lentiform

nucleus

in

keeping

with

a

large

left

middle

cerebral

artery

territory

infarct

There

is

ventricular

dilatation

indicating

hydrocephalus


Fig. 1. (A) Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM): irregular villous outline (club shaped) with villous stromal karyorrhectic debris. (B) Partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Two villous populations; large edematous villi with irregular outline and normal appearing nondistended ones. (C) Hydropic abortion (HA): distended villi with hydropic change. (D) CHM: trophoblastic inclusion (arrow). (E) CHM: cistern formation. (F) CHM: multifocal villous trophoblastic hyperplasia. (G) HA: positive p57Kip2 nuclear staining in intermediate trophoblast as positive internal control (asterisk). Positive p57Kip2 nuclear staining in villous cytotrophoblasts (CT) (short arrow) and villous stromal cells (long arrow) (immunoperoxidase). (H) CHM p57Kip2 immunohistochemistry: negative nuclear staining in villous CT (short arrow) and villous stromal cells (long arrow); positive p57Kip2 nuclear staining in intermediate trophoblast as positive internal control (asterisk) (immunoperoxidase). (I) PHM: positive p57Kip2 nuclear staining in villous CT (short arrow) and villous stromal cells (long arrow) (immunoperoxidase).

Fig

A

Complete

hydatidiform

mole

CHM

irregular

villous

outline

club

shaped

with

villous

stromal

karyorrhectic

debris

B

Partial

hydatidiform

mole

PHM

Two

villous

populations

large

edematous

villi

with

irregular

outline

and

normal

appearing

nondistended

ones

C

Hydropic

abortion

HA

distended

villi

with

hydropic

change

D

CHM

trophoblastic

inclusion

arrow

E

CHM

cistern

formation

F

CHM

multifocal

villous

trophoblastic

hyperplasia

G

HA

positive

nuclear

staining

in

intermediate

trophoblast

as

positive

internal

control

asterisk

Positive

nuclear

staining

in

villous

cytotrophoblasts

CT

short

arrow

and

villous

stromal

cells

long

arrow

immunoperoxidase

H

CHM

immunohistochemistry

negative

nuclear

staining

in

villous

CT

short

arrow

and

villous

stromal

cells

long

arrow

positive

nuclear

staining

in

intermediate

trophoblast

as

positive

internal

control

asterisk

immunoperoxidase

I

PHM

positive

nuclear

staining

in

villous

CT

short

arrow

and

villous

stromal

cells

long

arrow

immunoperoxidase


Figure 2. T 2 weighted MR images at the level of the pons (a) and at the level of the mesencephalon (b) at first presentation in 2011 (first row), at second presentation in 2013 (second row) and at time of diagnosis in 2015 (third row). In 2015, an abnormal T 2 hyperintense signal is seen on the dorsolateral side of the fourth ventricle (arrows), with little mass effect. Retrospectively, this area could also be seen on previous MRI examinations, albeit less clearly.

Figure

T

weighted

MR

images

at

the

level

of

the

pons

a

and

at

the

level

of

the

mesencephalon

b

at

first

presentation

in

first

row

at

second

presentation

in

second

row

and

at

time

of

diagnosis

in

third

row

In

an

abnormal

T

hyperintense

signal

is

seen

on

the

dorsolateral

side

of

the

fourth

ventricle

arrows

with

little

mass

effect

Retrospectively

this

area

could

also

be

seen

on

previous

MRI

examinations

albeit

less

clearly


Fig. 12. Partial tear of undersurface of supraspinatus tendon with SGHL tear in 47-year-old man. A. Oblique coronal fat-saturated T1-weighted MR arthrographic image shows partial tear of undersurface of supraspinatus tendon (white arrowheads). B, C. Oblique sagittal and oblique coronal fat-saturated T1-weighted MR arthrographic images show SGHL tear (black arrow). SGHL = superior glenohumeral ligament

Fig

Partial

tear

of

undersurface

of

supraspinatus

tendon

with

SGHL

tear

in

old

man

A.

Oblique

coronal

fat

saturated

MR

arthrographic

image

shows

partial

tear

of

undersurface

of

supraspinatus

tendon

white

arrowheads

B

C.

Oblique

sagittal

and

oblique

coronal

fat

saturated

MR

arthrographic

images

show

SGHL

tear

black

arrow

SGHL

superior

glenohumeral

ligament


Fig. 2a,b Left posterior sternoclavicular dislocation. a Anteroposterior X-ray view of shoulder girdle (central part) shows medial end of left clavicle medially to left manubrium border (a); note abnormal closeness of the two medial clavicular ends. b Normalized relationship after reduction. (W.T., 10-year-old boy)

Fig

b

Left

posterior

sternoclavicular

dislocation

a

Anteroposterior

X

ray

view

of

shoulder

girdle

central

part

shows

medial

end

of

left

clavicle

medially

to

left

manubrium

border

a

note

abnormal

closeness

of

the

two

medial

clavicular

ends

b

Normalized

relationship

after

reduction

W.T.

old

boy


FIGURE 4. Immunostaining results of UB-MNAC. A, Uniform nuclear GATA3 expression. B, Diffuse and strong nuclear PAX2 immunoreactivity. C, Preserved PTEN expression. D, Lack of ER expression. E, Lack of PR expression. F, Wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. G, Focal p16 expression. H, Uniform CD10 immunoreactivity along the luminal surface. I, Focal calretinin expression.

FIGURE

Immunostaining

results

of

UB

MNAC

A

Uniform

nuclear

expression

B

Diffuse

and

strong

nuclear

immunoreactivity

C

Preserved

PTEN

expression

D

Lack

of

ER

expression

E

Lack

of

PR

expression

F

Wild

type

immunostaining

pattern

G

Focal

expression

H

Uniform

immunoreactivity

along

the

luminal

surface

I

Focal

calretinin

expression


Figure 2: Cone beam computed tomography in three-dimensional reconstruction (a), axial view (b) and panoramic view (c), shows abnormal tooth structure in maxillary left anterior region c

Figure

Cone

beam

computed

tomography

in

three

dimensional

reconstruction

a

axial

view

b

and

panoramic

view

c

shows

abnormal

tooth

structure

in

maxillary

left

anterior

region

c


Figure 3: Post-operative lateral (a) and axial (b) radiograph of the same patient operated for subtalar joint fusion.

Figure

Post

operative

lateral

a

and

axial

b

radiograph

of

the

same

patient

operated

for

subtalar

joint

fusion


Fig. 1. Ryegrass mosaic virus infected leaves. (a) Virus aggregates in transverse and longitudinal section. (b) Virus aggregates in longitudinal section. (c) Pinwheels and inclusions (arrowed). (d) Pinwheels, virus particles + inclusions (arrowed).

Fig

Ryegrass

mosaic

virus

infected

leaves

a

Virus

aggregates

in

transverse

and

longitudinal

section

b

Virus

aggregates

in

longitudinal

section

c

Pinwheels

and

inclusions

arrowed

d

Pinwheels

virus

particles

inclusions

arrowed


Fig. 2 Preoperative axial MRI of the brain. T1-weighted (upper row) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR; middle row) images demonstrated iso-intensity and a low-intensity mass lesion with edema in the right skull base, respectively. T1-weighted images after administration of gadolinium (lower row) revealed an homogeneous enhanced leaf-shaped huge mass lesion with pachymeningeal and leptomeningeal enhancement involving the tentorium

Fig

Preoperative

axial

MRI

of

the

brain

upper

row

and

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

middle

row

images

demonstrated

iso

intensity

and

a

low

intensity

mass

lesion

with

edema

in

the

right

skull

base

respectively

images

after

administration

of

gadolinium

lower

row

revealed

an

homogeneous

enhanced

leaf

shaped

huge

mass

lesion

with

pachymeningeal

and

leptomeningeal

enhancement

involving

the

tentorium


Figure 2: Renal ultrasound. (a) Sagittal section of the right kidney demonstrating increased echogenicity. The right kidney measures 12.3 x 5.5 x 5.9 centimeters. (b) Sagittal section of the left kidney demonstrating increased echogenicity (blue line). The left kidney measures 13.4 x 6.4 x 5.2 centimeters.

Figure

Renal

ultrasound

a

Sagittal

section

of

the

right

kidney

demonstrating

increased

echogenicity

The

right

kidney

measures

x

x

centimeters

b

Sagittal

section

of

the

left

kidney

demonstrating

increased

echogenicity

blue

line

The

left

kidney

measures

x

x

centimeters


Fig. 1. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (A, transverse view; B, coronal view) images demonstrate a tumor (arrowheads) protruding into the esophageal lumen. The large tumor is almost completely obstructing the esophagus.

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

scan

A

transverse

view

B

coronal

view

images

demonstrate

a

tumor

arrowheads

protruding

into

the

esophageal

lumen

The

large

tumor

is

almost

completely

obstructing

the

esophagus


Figure 1: A 68-year-old patient presenting with dyspnea (a) Contrast-enhanced computed tomography image with mediastinal window shows pericardial effusion. A 59-year-old patient presenting with dyspnea (b) Computed tomography image with mediastinal window shows extrapleural fat tissue/pleural thickening. a b

Figure

A

old

patient

presenting

with

dyspnea

a

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

image

with

mediastinal

window

shows

pericardial

effusion

A

old

patient

presenting

with

dyspnea

b

Computed

tomography

image

with

mediastinal

window

shows

extrapleural

fat

tissue

pleural

thickening

a

b


Figure 6 Patient with metastatic melanoma. Treated with 20 mg hu-J591 d show multiple foci of uptake in the skin and subcutaneous lesions (D, E) m localized focally on SPECT coronal, sagittal, and axial images (F-H) along kn

Figure

Patient

with

metastatic

melanoma

Treated

with

mg

hu

d

show

multiple

foci

of

uptake

in

the

skin

and

subcutaneous

lesions

D

E

m

localized

focally

on

SPECT

coronal

sagittal

and

axial

images

F

H

along

kn


Figure 2. Nuclear localization of the AtTDP protein. A, AtTDP-GFP constructs. B, Light microscope image. C, AtTDP-GFP localization. D, Merged image of AtTDP-GFP localization. E, A positive control used the TFL2 gene. TFL2-RFP expression is shown as the nucleus control image.

Figure

Nuclear

localization

of

the

AtTDP

protein

A

AtTDP

GFP

constructs

B

Light

microscope

image

C

AtTDP

GFP

localization

D

Merged

image

of

AtTDP

GFP

localization

E

A

positive

control

used

the

gene

expression

is

shown

as

the

nucleus

control

image


Figure 19. Tubulanus polymorphus, confocal laserscanning (cLSM) micrographs of differently immunostained vibratome sections. a: Transverse section, anti-FMRF (red), anti-a-tubulin (green) showing the subepidermal (snp) and the stomatogastric (sgp) nerve plexus. b: Horizontal section, anti-FMRF showing the regular arranged neurites (ne) of the subepidermal nerve plexus. c: Horizontal section, anti-FMRF. The neurites (ne) of the intrastomatogastric nerve plexus (isgp) are arranged in a regular ladder-like fashion. d: Transverse section, anti-serotonin. The lateral medullary cords (mc) are interconnected by a commissural plexus (cnp). The commissural plexus surrounds the mouth opening (mo). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066137.g019

Figure

Tubulanus

polymorphus

confocal

laserscanning

cLSM

micrographs

of

differently

immunostained

vibratome

sections

a

Transverse

section

anti

FMRF

red

anti

a

tubulin

green

showing

the

subepidermal

snp

and

the

stomatogastric

sgp

nerve

plexus

b

Horizontal

section

anti

FMRF

showing

the

regular

arranged

neurites

ne

of

the

subepidermal

nerve

plexus

c

Horizontal

section

anti

FMRF

The

neurites

ne

of

the

intrastomatogastric

nerve

plexus

isgp

are

arranged

in

a

regular

ladder

like

fashion

d

Transverse

section

anti

serotonin

The

lateral

medullary

cords

mc

are

interconnected

by

a

commissural

plexus

cnp

The

commissural

plexus

surrounds

the

mouth

opening

mo


Figure 1. Patterns of the SMA boundary in the arterial phase on preoperative abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The short red arrows indicate the SMA, the long red arrows indicate tissues in the SMA margin, and the black circles indicate pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. (A) Obscure SMA boundary. (B) Clear SMA boundary. SMA, superior mesenteric artery.

Figure

Patterns

of

the

SMA

boundary

in

the

arterial

phase

on

preoperative

abdominal

contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

The

short

red

arrows

indicate

the

SMA

the

long

red

arrows

indicate

tissues

in

the

SMA

margin

and

the

black

circles

indicate

pancreatic

head

adenocarcinoma

A

Obscure

SMA

boundary

B

Clear

SMA

boundary

SMA

superior

mesenteric

artery


Fig. 3. Histological findings of atypical carcinoid. (a) The tumor focally extends into the stromawith palisading of columnar cells and rosette-like structures. The cells had relatively abundant cytoplasm, oval nuclear pleomorphism, and irregularity (×400 hematoxylin– eosin). (b) Chromogranin A on immunohistochemical study (×200). (c) Synaptophysin on immunohistochemical study (×200). (d) Ki-67/MIB-1 on immunohistochemical study (×400).

Fig

Histological

findings

of

atypical

carcinoid

a

The

tumor

focally

extends

into

the

stromawith

palisading

of

columnar

cells

and

rosette

like

structures

The

cells

had

relatively

abundant

cytoplasm

oval

nuclear

pleomorphism

and

irregularity

hematoxylin

eosin

b

Chromogranin

A

on

immunohistochemical

study

c

Synaptophysin

on

immunohistochemical

study

d

on

immunohistochemical

study


FIGURE 6. Clinical utility of blood flow quantification. In this example, from 81-y-old man with hypertension and dyslipidemia, relative MPI (A) with 82 Rb PET demonstrated only mild, reversible perfusion abnormality involving distribution of left anterior descending coronary artery. However, MFR was severely reduced globally at 1.11. Nearly entire heart had severely reduced MFR except for inferior and inferolateral walls, where it was only moderately reduced. Coronary angiography (B) showed severe stenosis of mid portion of left main coronary artery.

FIGURE

Clinical

utility

of

blood

flow

quantification

In

this

example

from

old

man

with

hypertension

and

dyslipidemia

relative

MPI

A

with

Rb

PET

demonstrated

only

mild

reversible

perfusion

abnormality

involving

distribution

of

left

anterior

descending

coronary

artery

However

MFR

was

severely

reduced

globally

at

Nearly

entire

heart

had

severely

reduced

MFR

except

for

inferior

and

inferolateral

walls

where

it

was

only

moderately

reduced

Coronary

angiography

B

showed

severe

stenosis

of

mid

portion

of

left

main

coronary

artery


Figure 1: Imaging data and the removed prostatic specimen. Preoperative (a and b) and postoperative (c and d) imaging data. CT (a) show that the whole pelvic cavity is occupied by a giant prostate. Urography (b) reveals passable filling of the bladder with no urethral stenosis, ectasia, or atresia. CT (c) re‑examinations show that the pelvic wound heals well and the bladder is in place. Cystoscopic urography (d) shows normal bladder containment with no urethral stenosis. (e) The final gross prostatectomy specimen measuring 11 cm × 13 cm. (f) The removed prostatic specimen weighing 524.2 g. (g) Histological observation shows a predominance of glandular hyperplasia with numerous dilated glands (H and E, ×200).

Figure

Imaging

data

and

the

removed

prostatic

specimen

Preoperative

a

and

b

and

postoperative

c

and

d

imaging

data

CT

a

show

that

the

whole

pelvic

cavity

is

occupied

by

a

giant

prostate

Urography

b

reveals

passable

filling

of

the

bladder

with

no

urethral

stenosis

ectasia

or

atresia

CT

c

re‑examinations

show

that

the

pelvic

wound

heals

well

and

the

bladder

is

in

place

Cystoscopic

urography

d

shows

normal

bladder

containment

with

no

urethral

stenosis

e

The

final

gross

prostatectomy

specimen

measuring

cm

cm

f

The

removed

prostatic

specimen

weighing

g.

g

Histological

observation

shows

a

predominance

of

glandular

hyperplasia

with

numerous

dilated

glands

H

and

E


Figure 2. Imaging findings from the pancreatic tumor. (A) Computed tomography detected a 2 × 1.5 cm hypodense solid mass with an unclear margin in the head of the pancreas; (B) expanded primary pancreatic duct and the cystic low density in the tail of pancreas; (C) cystic low density in the uncinate process of the pancreas; (D) PET-CT revealed a malignant mass in the pancreatic head.

Figure

Imaging

findings

from

the

pancreatic

tumor

A

Computed

tomography

detected

a

cm

hypodense

solid

mass

with

an

unclear

margin

in

the

head

of

the

pancreas

B

expanded

primary

pancreatic

duct

and

the

cystic

low

density

in

the

tail

of

pancreas

C

cystic

low

density

in

the

uncinate

process

of

the

pancreas

D

PET

CT

revealed

a

malignant

mass

in

the

pancreatic

head


Figure 5 (A-D): (A and B) T2 weighted MRI in axial, sagittal sections shows a mass arising from the anterior submucosal myometrium and filling the endometrial cavity (white arrow). Arrowhead is the compressed endometrium. Dotted arrow is the posterior subserosal fibroid. (C) T1 post gadolinium contrast in axial sections depicts no enhancement of the submucosal mass (white arrow) as opposed to the fibroid posterolaterally which shows homogenous enhancement (dotted arrow). (D) T2 weighted MRI in axial section shows linear hypointense areas corresponding to split fibers (arrowheads)

Figure

A

D

A

and

B

weighted

MRI

in

axial

sagittal

sections

shows

a

mass

arising

from

the

anterior

submucosal

myometrium

and

filling

the

endometrial

cavity

white

arrow

Arrowhead

is

the

compressed

endometrium

Dotted

arrow

is

the

posterior

subserosal

fibroid

C

post

gadolinium

contrast

in

axial

sections

depicts

no

enhancement

of

the

submucosal

mass

white

arrow

as

opposed

to

the

fibroid

posterolaterally

which

shows

homogenous

enhancement

dotted

arrow

D

weighted

MRI

in

axial

section

shows

linear

hypointense

areas

corresponding

to

split

fibers

arrowheads


Fig. 1 Preoperative MRI images showing the three types of burst fracture according to the Magerl classification system. (A) Superior-type patient with superior incomplete burst fracture (arrow). (B) Inferior-type patient with inferior incomplete burst fracture (arrow). (C) Complete-type patient with complete burst fracture (arrow). Arrowheads indicate regions of collapse. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

Fig

Preoperative

MRI

images

showing

the

three

types

of

burst

fracture

according

to

the

Magerl

classification

system

A

Superior

type

patient

with

superior

incomplete

burst

fracture

arrow

B

Inferior

type

patient

with

inferior

incomplete

burst

fracture

arrow

C

Complete

type

patient

with

complete

burst

fracture

arrow

Arrowheads

indicate

regions

of

collapse

MRI

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Fig. 10 Biphosphonate osteonecrosis. a OPT; b 3D reconstruction anteo-lateral view. Contrast-enhanced axial CT image with bone window settings (c) and soft tissue settings (d). Poorly defined osteolytic lesion of the left mandibular body (thick white arrows) with partly sclerotic margins (thin arrows in a) and large osseous defect (red arrows in b). Bone

Fig

Biphosphonate

osteonecrosis

a

OPT

b

reconstruction

anteo

lateral

view

Contrast

enhanced

axial

CT

image

with

bone

window

settings

c

and

soft

tissue

settings

d

Poorly

defined

osteolytic

lesion

of

the

left

mandibular

body

thick

white

arrows

with

partly

sclerotic

margins

thin

arrows

in

a

and

large

osseous

defect

red

arrows

in

b

Bone


Figure 5. Spindle and SPB morphology of tub4-1 cells. TUB4 (A) and tub4-1 cells (B-H) were grown at 23°C. Cells were either incubated at 23°C (B) or shifted to 37°C for 3 h (C-H). Sections of cells with two SPBs (C and D) or one SPB (A, B, and E-H) are shown. Asterisks indicate the position of some nuclear pores. The large arrows in C-F and H point towards SPBs. C, central plaque; E, nuclear envelope; H, half bridge; N, nucleus; O, outer plaque; M, microtubules. Bars: (A) 100 nm; (C) 200 nm. B is the same magnification as A. D - H are the same magnification as C.

Figure

Spindle

and

SPB

morphology

of

cells

A

and

cells

B

H

were

grown

at

C

Cells

were

either

incubated

at

C

B

or

shifted

to

C

for

h

C

H

Sections

of

cells

with

two

SPBs

C

and

D

or

one

SPB

A

B

and

E

H

are

shown

Asterisks

indicate

the

position

of

some

nuclear

pores

The

large

arrows

in

C

F

and

H

point

towards

SPBs

C

central

plaque

E

nuclear

envelope

H

half

bridge

N

nucleus

O

outer

plaque

M

microtubules

Bars

A

nm

C

nm

B

is

the

same

magnification

as

A.

D

H

are

the

same

magnification

as

C.


Fig. 3. A. Introduction of extraction bag. B. Introduction of endoscope. C. Transvaginal trocars (11 and 5 mm Ø) in cul-de-sac. D. Specimen extraction.

Fig

A.

Introduction

of

extraction

bag

B.

Introduction

of

endoscope

C.

Transvaginal

trocars

and

mm

Ø

in

cul

de

sac

D.

Specimen

extraction


Figure 1. (A) Preoperative kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) radiograph of Case 1, showing two stones in the lower calyx of the left kidney (diameter 6-7 mm). (B) Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan showing two stones in the lower calyx of the left kidney (diameter 6-7 mm). (C) KUB radiograph of Case 1 at day 1 postoperatively, indicating that the two stones were completely removed.

Figure

A

Preoperative

kidney

ureter

and

bladder

KUB

radiograph

of

Case

showing

two

stones

in

the

lower

calyx

of

the

left

kidney

diameter

mm

B

Preoperative

computed

tomography

CT

scan

showing

two

stones

in

the

lower

calyx

of

the

left

kidney

diameter

mm

C

KUB

radiograph

of

Case

at

day

postoperatively

indicating

that

the

two

stones

were

completely

removed


Figure 3 MRI of this case. A significant cerebellar tonsillar hernia (a), Syringomyelia from C1 to T4 (b), disappearance of humeral head and swollen soft tissue of the surrounding of the joint (c and d).

Figure

MRI

of

this

case

A

significant

cerebellar

tonsillar

hernia

a

Syringomyelia

from

to

b

disappearance

of

humeral

head

and

swollen

soft

tissue

of

the

surrounding

of

the

joint

c

and

d


Figure 1. Ultrasound images demonstrate (A) the advancement of the needle, indicated by double white arrows, and (B) the deposition of 98% ethanol, marked with (*), within the parenchyma of the right SMG, outlined with a dotted line.

Figure

Ultrasound

images

demonstrate

A

the

advancement

of

the

needle

indicated

by

double

white

arrows

and

B

the

deposition

of

ethanol

marked

with

within

the

parenchyma

of

the

right

SMG

outlined

with

a

dotted

line


Figure 1. Breast Core Biopsy. (A) Low power: moderately differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma. The invasive tumor exhibits stromal desmoplasia and is composed of infiltrating small irregular solid nests of cells with absent glandular formation. (B) High power: the tumor cells are large with amphophilic cytoplasm and moderate nuclear hyperchromasia and pleomorphism. Some nuclei show prominent nucleoli. Mitoses are identified. (C) Immunohistochemical stains show an intensity of 3+ for ER and a 1+ score for HER2 (not shown).

Figure

Breast

Core

Biopsy

A

Low

power

moderately

differentiated

invasive

ductal

carcinoma

The

invasive

tumor

exhibits

stromal

desmoplasia

and

is

composed

of

infiltrating

small

irregular

solid

nests

of

cells

with

absent

glandular

formation

B

High

power

the

tumor

cells

are

large

with

amphophilic

cytoplasm

and

moderate

nuclear

hyperchromasia

and

pleomorphism

Some

nuclei

show

prominent

nucleoli

Mitoses

are

identified

C

Immunohistochemical

stains

show

an

intensity

of

for

ER

and

a

score

for

not

shown


Fig. 1 Approximately 1 month after presentation, representative images of a brain MRI with gadolinium: T2-weighted (a) and FLAIR (b) images. Both demonstrate confluent, symmetric, and bilateral high signal in the periventricular white matter, sparing the subcortical U-fibers

Fig

Approximately

month

after

presentation

representative

images

of

a

brain

MRI

with

gadolinium

a

and

FLAIR

b

images

Both

demonstrate

confluent

symmetric

and

bilateral

high

signal

in

the

periventricular

white

matter

sparing

the

subcortical

U

fibers


FIGURE 1 | (A) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEP) heat map over M1. Brighter colors represent larger MEP amplitudes. Orange circle denotes “hotspot.” (B) Tissues identified from MRI and atlas CT, including brain (brown), skull (blue), eyes (green), air (purple), and scalp. Not shown are white matter and CSF. (C) photographic image from GPS (left) and sensors registered to the scalp surface (right).

FIGURE

A

Transcranial

magnetic

stimulation

TMS)-induced

motor

evoked

potentials

MEP

heat

map

over

Brighter

colors

represent

larger

MEP

amplitudes

Orange

circle

denotes

hotspot

B

Tissues

identified

from

MRI

and

atlas

CT

including

brain

brown

skull

blue

eyes

green

air

purple

and

scalp

Not

shown

are

white

matter

and

CSF

C

photographic

image

from

GPS

left

and

sensors

registered

to

the

scalp

surface

right


Figure 3 Case 2. Multimodal imaging of the left eye. CFP (a), FA (c), and ICGA (d) show a large occult CNV (asterisk) with no evidence of reticular pseudodrusen on blue FAF (b). OCT scan in correspondence of the fovea shows subretinal fluid (SRF), a shallow PED, and a foveomacular retinoschisis with characteristic splitting of the OPL (arrows) at presentation (e); 3 months (g) and 12 months (i) after the initiation of anti-VEGF injections, SRF is no more detectable and retinoschisis is still evident. OCT scan passing above the fovea shows a more evident and extensive splitting of the OPL, which remained stable from the baseline (f), to 3 months (h), and to 12 months (j) after the treatment.

Figure

Case

Multimodal

imaging

of

the

left

eye

CFP

a

FA

c

and

ICGA

d

show

a

large

occult

CNV

asterisk

with

no

evidence

of

reticular

pseudodrusen

on

blue

FAF

b

OCT

scan

in

correspondence

of

the

fovea

shows

subretinal

fluid

SRF

a

shallow

PED

and

a

foveomacular

retinoschisis

with

characteristic

splitting

of

the

OPL

arrows

at

presentation

e

months

g

and

months

i

after

the

initiation

of

anti

VEGF

injections

SRF

is

no

more

detectable

and

retinoschisis

is

still

evident

OCT

scan

passing

above

the

fovea

shows

a

more

evident

and

extensive

splitting

of

the

OPL

which

remained

stable

from

the

baseline

f

to

months

h

and

to

months

j

after

the

treatment


Figure 3 A 30-year-old male patient (no. 22) with a adenoma with sphenoidal extension. Intraoperative MRI depicts complete removal. Postoperative endocrine evaluation confirms remission of acromegaly. Sagittal T2-weighted images (a) pre- and (b) intraoperative.

Figure

A

old

male

patient

no

with

a

adenoma

with

sphenoidal

extension

Intraoperative

MRI

depicts

complete

removal

Postoperative

endocrine

evaluation

confirms

remission

of

acromegaly

Sagittal

images

a

pre-

and

b

intraoperative


Fig. 3. Transverse CT (A–C) and MRI (D–F) in Dog 2. The urinary bladder mass is irregular and isoattenuating to the muscular layer in noncontrast CT (A). The mass is attached to the ventral bladder wall (B and C) and enhanced more intensely than the remainder of the bladder wall on arterial phase (B, arrows). On T2W image, the low signal intensity of the muscular layer is interrupted by the tumor (D, arrow). The mass has an intermediate signal intensity on precontrast T1W image (E) and shows greater enhancement than the normal bladder wall on postcontrast T1W image (F, arrow).

Fig

Transverse

CT

A

C

and

MRI

D

F

in

Dog

The

urinary

bladder

mass

is

irregular

and

isoattenuating

to

the

muscular

layer

in

noncontrast

CT

A

The

mass

is

attached

to

the

ventral

bladder

wall

B

and

C

and

enhanced

more

intensely

than

the

remainder

of

the

bladder

wall

on

arterial

phase

B

arrows

On

image

the

low

signal

intensity

of

the

muscular

layer

is

interrupted

by

the

tumor

D

arrow

The

mass

has

an

intermediate

signal

intensity

on

precontrast

image

E

and

shows

greater

enhancement

than

the

normal

bladder

wall

on

postcontrast

image

F

arrow


Figure 1 Diagnostic Imaging. (a) Chest computed tomographic showing multiple metastatic nodules. (b) Technetium-99 methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy showing abnormally strong uptakes at the distal site of the right femur, proximal site of the right tibia, and right ankle.

Figure

Diagnostic

Imaging

a

Chest

computed

tomographic

showing

multiple

metastatic

nodules

b

methylene

diphosphonate

bone

scintigraphy

showing

abnormally

strong

uptakes

at

the

distal

site

of

the

right

femur

proximal

site

of

the

right

tibia

and

right

ankle


Fig. 2 Axial CT (first column), PET (second column) and PET/CT (third column) showed multiple areas of symmetrically increased FDG uptake corresponding to several muscle groups (yellow arrows), without any significant abnormalities at the corresponding CT scan. The muscles with increased FDG uptake bilaterally were the infraspinatus (first row; SUVmax: 6.8 on the left and 5.6 on the right), the

Fig

Axial

CT

first

column

PET

second

column

and

PET

CT

third

column

showed

multiple

areas

of

symmetrically

increased

FDG

uptake

corresponding

to

several

muscle

groups

yellow

arrows

without

any

significant

abnormalities

at

the

corresponding

CT

scan

The

muscles

with

increased

FDG

uptake

bilaterally

were

the

infraspinatus

first

row

SUVmax

on

the

left

and

on

the

right

the


Figure 1. Brain MRI findings of two patients with mutations in TUBA1A. (a) Foetal MRI at 28 weeks of gestation of patient 1 (T2-weighted image). White arrowheads indicate the basal ganglia. (b-d) MRI findings at 6 days after the birth of patient 1 (b: T1-weighted image; c,d: Fluid Attenuated Inversion recovery [FLAIR]). The patient showed an extremely thin cerebral parenchyma, hypoplastic brain stem, and agenesis of the cerebellum and corpus callosum. Most of the intracranial space was occupied with cerebrospinal fluid. (e-h) MRI findings at 1 year of age of patient 2 (T1-weighted images). The patient showed marked ventricular dilatation with a thin cortex, agyria, or limited pachygyria, poorly differentiated dysmorphic basal ganglia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and slightly hypoplastic cerebellar vermis. The brain stem appeared to be normal.

Figure

Brain

MRI

findings

of

two

patients

with

mutations

in

a

Foetal

MRI

at

weeks

of

gestation

of

patient

image

White

arrowheads

indicate

the

basal

ganglia

b

d

MRI

findings

at

days

after

the

birth

of

patient

b

image

c

d

Fluid

Attenuated

Inversion

recovery

FLAIR

The

patient

showed

an

extremely

thin

cerebral

parenchyma

hypoplastic

brain

stem

and

agenesis

of

the

cerebellum

and

corpus

callosum

Most

of

the

intracranial

space

was

occupied

with

cerebrospinal

fluid

e

h

MRI

findings

at

year

of

age

of

patient

images

The

patient

showed

marked

ventricular

dilatation

with

a

thin

cortex

agyria

or

limited

pachygyria

poorly

differentiated

dysmorphic

basal

ganglia

agenesis

of

the

corpus

callosum

and

slightly

hypoplastic

cerebellar

vermis

The

brain

stem

appeared

to

be

normal


Fig. 3. Images of hyaluronic acid (HA) for Patient 7. A) Point of injection on CT; B) 1 month after the injection on MRI; C) 2 months after the injection on MRI; D) 3 months after the injection on MRI

Fig

Images

of

hyaluronic

acid

HA

for

Patient

A

Point

of

injection

on

CT

B

month

after

the

injection

on

MRI

C

months

after

the

injection

on

MRI

D

months

after

the

injection

on

MRI


Figure 4. Modeling dTTP and ANS-dTTP in the HIV-RT complex. The backbone structures of p66 and p51 are rendered in brown and green ribbons, respectively. The lighter brown region represents residues from 1 to 235 (finger and palm domains) which were allowed to move during the simulations. The DNA template and primer backbone structures are rendered in red and blue ribbons, and two Mg 2+ ions are rendered as cyan spheres. In each figure, the following colors were used for the different atoms: C-green, O-red, N-blue, Ppink, and S-yellow. (A) The X-ray structure of the dTTP was displayed with the neighboring residues of the two Mg 2+ ions and the gamma-phosphate moiety: K65, K70, D110, V111, D113, D185 and D186. The dTTP structure is adjacent to the primer DNA in ball and stick. (B) For the initial structure of ANS-dTTP, the ANS group was manually attached to an oxygen atom of the gammaphosphate group. The ten membered ring and sulfate group were placed without atomic overlaps against the existing atoms of the p66 domain of the HIV-RT structure. Forcefield parameters were developed for the ANS linked to the gamma-phosphate via an oxygen atom, instead of an NH group, to simplify the force field parameterization process. (C) Solvent accessible surface renderings for panel A is shown. (D) Solvent accessible surface renderings for panel B is shown. Viewing angles in panels C and D were slightly changed from those of A and B to more clearly show the locations of gamma-phosphate and ANS groups.

Figure

Modeling

dTTP

and

ANS

dTTP

in

the

HIV

RT

complex

The

backbone

structures

of

and

are

rendered

in

brown

and

green

ribbons

respectively

The

lighter

brown

region

represents

residues

from

to

finger

and

palm

domains

which

were

allowed

to

move

during

the

simulations

The

DNA

template

and

primer

backbone

structures

are

rendered

in

red

and

blue

ribbons

and

two

Mg

ions

are

rendered

as

cyan

spheres

In

each

figure

the

following

colors

were

used

for

the

different

atoms

C

green

O

red

N

blue

Ppink

and

S

yellow

A

The

X

ray

structure

of

the

dTTP

was

displayed

with

the

neighboring

residues

of

the

two

Mg

ions

and

the

gamma

phosphate

moiety

and

The

dTTP

structure

is

adjacent

to

the

primer

DNA

in

ball

and

stick

B

For

the

initial

structure

of

ANS

dTTP

the

ANS

group

was

manually

attached

to

an

oxygen

atom

of

the

gammaphosphate

group

The

ten

membered

ring

and

sulfate

group

were

placed

without

atomic

overlaps

against

the

existing

atoms

of

the

domain

of

the

HIV

RT

structure

Forcefield

parameters

were

developed

for

the

ANS

linked

to

the

gamma

phosphate

via

an

oxygen

atom

instead

of

an

NH

group

to

simplify

the

force

field

parameterization

process

C

Solvent

accessible

surface

renderings

for

panel

A

is

shown

D

Solvent

accessible

surface

renderings

for

panel

B

is

shown

Viewing

angles

in

panels

C

and

D

were

slightly

changed

from

those

of

A

and

B

to

more

clearly

show

the

locations

of

gamma

phosphate

and

ANS

groups


Fig. 2. Case 2. A US of the liver shows a 15-mm hypoechoic nodular lesion resembling a secondary solitary mass in the subcapsular portion of segment VI. B Four months later, US shows a 15-mm targetlike lesion in the subcapsular portion of segment VI, with a central hyperechoic core surrounded by a peripheral hypoechoic ring. C Helical CT in the portal phase after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material shows a nonenhancing hypodense nodular lesion in segment VI. D On a GRASE SPIR T2W image, the lesion appears as a small, strongly hypointense mass. E DW image (b 500) shows a hypointense nodule. F Biopsy specimen of the solitary necrotic nodule of the liver. Hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, 40 . The lesion is composed of a core of coagulative necrosis with a homogeneous periphery and a central zone with a rough patchy appearance and cellular debris. The core is surrounded by collagen fibers with scanty mononuclear inflammatory cells and elastic fibers. The hepatic tissue surrounding the lesion is normal.

Fig

Case

A

US

of

the

liver

shows

a

hypoechoic

nodular

lesion

resembling

a

secondary

solitary

mass

in

the

subcapsular

portion

of

segment

VI

B

Four

months

later

US

shows

a

targetlike

lesion

in

the

subcapsular

portion

of

segment

VI

with

a

central

hyperechoic

core

surrounded

by

a

peripheral

hypoechoic

ring

C

Helical

CT

in

the

portal

phase

after

intravenous

administration

of

iodinated

contrast

material

shows

a

nonenhancing

hypodense

nodular

lesion

in

segment

VI

D

On

a

GRASE

SPIR

image

the

lesion

appears

as

a

small

strongly

hypointense

mass

E

DW

image

b

shows

a

hypointense

nodule

F

Biopsy

specimen

of

the

solitary

necrotic

nodule

of

the

liver

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

original

magnification

The

lesion

is

composed

of

a

core

of

coagulative

necrosis

with

a

homogeneous

periphery

and

a

central

zone

with

a

rough

patchy

appearance

and

cellular

debris

The

core

is

surrounded

by

collagen

fibers

with

scanty

mononuclear

inflammatory

cells

and

elastic

fibers

The

hepatic

tissue

surrounding

the

lesion

is

normal


Fig. 1. Optical coherence tomography line-scans of Patient 1 at time of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) diagnosis (A), at time of full thickness macular hole (MH) diagnosis measuring 53 μm in widest width five months following RRD repair (B), seven days post-0.6 cc 100% C3F8 gas intravitreal injection demonstrating MH closure (C), and six months post-successful MH closure (D).

Fig

Optical

coherence

tomography

line

scans

of

Patient

at

time

of

rhegmatogenous

retinal

detachment

RRD

diagnosis

A

at

time

of

full

thickness

macular

hole

MH

diagnosis

measuring

μm

in

widest

width

five

months

following

RRD

repair

B

seven

days

cc

gas

intravitreal

injection

demonstrating

MH

closure

C

and

six

months

post

successful

MH

closure

D


Fig. 3 Bedside CXR and simulated DTS reconstruction of a 49-year-old man who was admitted to the ICU after a neurosurgical intervention with removal of a fourth ventricle ependymoma. Five days after surgery he developed respiratory insufficiency. a Bedside CXR shows subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and pulmonary consolidations bilaterally in the basal parts of both lungs. b Simulated DTS acquisition from a CT examination, performed 1 h later. Because of the discrepancy between respiratory function and findings on CXR, the CT examination was performed to rule out pulmonary embolism. c Slice of the DTS reconstruction of the simulated acquisitions at the level of the heart shows linear areas of hyperlucency around the heart and in the paravertebral region (black arrows). Also note an area of relative hyperlucency in the left lung with a clear delineation of the adjacent consolidation (white arrows). These findings are consistent with pneumomediastinum. d Slice of the DTS reconstruction of the simulated acquisitions more posterior than DTS reconstruction A shown in c, showing a large retrocardiac consolidation with air bronchogram (black arrows). e A coronal reformatted CT image confirms the pneumomediastinum and a large consolidation (f) with air bronchogram, consistent with subtotal atelectasis of the left lower lobe. Due to the retrocardiac location, the consolidation is not visible on the CXR. Moreover, the extent of the pneumomediastinum is better appreciated on the DTS reconstructions compared to the bedside radiograph

Fig

Bedside

CXR

and

simulated

DTS

reconstruction

of

a

old

man

who

was

admitted

to

the

ICU

after

a

neurosurgical

intervention

with

removal

of

a

fourth

ventricle

ependymoma

Five

days

after

surgery

he

developed

respiratory

insufficiency

a

Bedside

CXR

shows

subcutaneous

emphysema

in

the

neck

and

pulmonary

consolidations

bilaterally

in

the

basal

parts

of

both

lungs

b

Simulated

DTS

acquisition

from

a

CT

examination

performed

h

later

Because

of

the

discrepancy

between

respiratory

function

and

findings

on

CXR

the

CT

examination

was

performed

to

rule

out

pulmonary

embolism

c

Slice

of

the

DTS

reconstruction

of

the

simulated

acquisitions

at

the

level

of

the

heart

shows

linear

areas

of

hyperlucency

around

the

heart

and

in

the

paravertebral

region

black

arrows

Also

note

an

area

of

relative

hyperlucency

in

the

left

lung

with

a

clear

delineation

of

the

adjacent

consolidation

white

arrows

These

findings

are

consistent

with

pneumomediastinum

d

Slice

of

the

DTS

reconstruction

of

the

simulated

acquisitions

more

posterior

than

DTS

reconstruction

A

shown

in

c

showing

a

large

retrocardiac

consolidation

with

air

bronchogram

black

arrows

e

A

coronal

reformatted

CT

image

confirms

the

pneumomediastinum

and

a

large

consolidation

f

with

air

bronchogram

consistent

with

subtotal

atelectasis

of

the

left

lower

lobe

Due

to

the

retrocardiac

location

the

consolidation

is

not

visible

on

the

CXR

Moreover

the

extent

of

the

pneumomediastinum

is

better

appreciated

on

the

DTS

reconstructions

compared

to

the

bedside

radiograph


Fig. 3 – Axial brain CT scan at the level of cerebellum, in subdural window performed 1 week after initial craniotomy. (A) Showing bilateral cerebellar hemorrhages (white arrow) which closely resemble the zebra sign in addition to elements of interstitial hemorrhage (mixed pattern). (B) The white arrow points toward a slight downward extension of the right cerebellar hemorrhage compared to the left side.

Fig

Axial

brain

CT

scan

at

the

level

of

cerebellum

in

subdural

window

performed

week

after

initial

craniotomy

A

Showing

bilateral

cerebellar

hemorrhages

white

arrow

which

closely

resemble

the

zebra

sign

in

addition

to

elements

of

interstitial

hemorrhage

mixed

pattern

B

The

white

arrow

points

toward

a

slight

downward

extension

of

the

right

cerebellar

hemorrhage

compared

to

the

left

side


Fig 4. Altered centrality of the sensory-motor network in the remitting phase of RRMS patients. The spatial distribution of abnormal DC (a) and EC (b) in the remitting phase of RRMS patients (P < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected critical cluster size k = 20) as visualized using surface brain imaging in Brainnet Viewer (www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130524.g004

Fig

Altered

centrality

of

the

sensory

motor

network

in

the

remitting

phase

of

RRMS

patients

The

spatial

distribution

of

abnormal

DC

a

and

EC

b

in

the

remitting

phase

of

RRMS

patients

P

AlphaSim

corrected

critical

cluster

size

k

as

visualized

using

surface

brain

imaging

in

Brainnet

Viewer


Fig. 5. Ultrastructural changes observed after 6 and 24 h of buparvaquone treatment. (A)–(C) show cells processed after 6 h, and (D)–(F) shows specimens processed after 24 h of drug treatment. (A) and (B) (B = higher magnification view of A) show an increased vacuolization (v) and accumulation of intravacuolar membrane stacks (apv). In other specimens such as in (C), vacuoles become rather spacious and occupied large parts of the schizont cytoplasm. (D)–(F) show cells processed after 24 h of buparvaquone treatment, with considerable shrinkage of parasite nuclei (n) and electron dense deposits within the nuclear matrix and also at the schizont periphery adjacent to the host cell cytoplasm (E) and (F) (at a higher magnification of E). The button-like electron dense structures remained associated with the schizont periphery in some cells (D, marked with white triangles), in others cells (Fig. 5E and F), these structures were completely lost. Note that in all instances the parasite plasma membrane (white arrows) remained intact, and no alterations in the host cell were observed. mito = host cell mitochondria. Bar in A = 3.4 lm, B = 0.5 lm, C = 1 lm, D = 0.6 lm, E = 1.7 lm, F = 0.6 lm.

Fig

Ultrastructural

changes

observed

after

and

h

of

buparvaquone

treatment

A)–(C

show

cells

processed

after

h

and

D)–(F

shows

specimens

processed

after

h

of

drug

treatment

A

and

B

B

higher

magnification

view

of

A

show

an

increased

vacuolization

v

and

accumulation

of

intravacuolar

membrane

stacks

apv

In

other

specimens

such

as

in

C

vacuoles

become

rather

spacious

and

occupied

large

parts

of

the

schizont

cytoplasm

D)–(F

show

cells

processed

after

h

of

buparvaquone

treatment

with

considerable

shrinkage

of

parasite

nuclei

n

and

electron

dense

deposits

within

the

nuclear

matrix

and

also

at

the

schizont

periphery

adjacent

to

the

host

cell

cytoplasm

E

and

F

at

a

higher

magnification

of

E

The

button

like

electron

dense

structures

remained

associated

with

the

schizont

periphery

in

some

cells

D

marked

with

white

triangles

in

others

cells

Fig

and

F

these

structures

were

completely

lost

Note

that

in

all

instances

the

parasite

plasma

membrane

white

arrows

remained

intact

and

no

alterations

in

the

host

cell

were

observed

mito

host

cell

mitochondria

Bar

in

A

lm

B

lm

C

lm

D

lm

E

lm

F

lm


Fig. 3. Case 2. Preoperative radiographs (upper left) and (right) and preoperative computerized tomography scans (lower left) and (right).

Fig

Case

Preoperative

radiographs

upper

left

and

right

and

preoperative

computerized

tomography

scans

lower

left

and

right


Figure 3: 19-year-old male of grade IV splenic injury underwent combined transcatheter arterial embolization. (A, B) Contrast-enhanced axial and coronal CT at portal venous phase shows a pseudoaneurysm (arrow) at the lacerated spleen (S) surrounded by hemoperitoneum (H). (C) Angiography discloses multiple tiny pseudoaneurysms (arrow) and the supplying branch artery (arrowhead). (D) Angiography after a successful combined embolization shows deployment of metallic coils (arrowheads) at the branch artery and main splenic artery distal to the dorsal pancreatic artery.

Figure

old

male

of

grade

IV

splenic

injury

underwent

combined

transcatheter

arterial

embolization

A

B

Contrast

enhanced

axial

and

coronal

CT

at

portal

venous

phase

shows

a

pseudoaneurysm

arrow

at

the

lacerated

spleen

S

surrounded

by

hemoperitoneum

H

C

Angiography

discloses

multiple

tiny

pseudoaneurysms

arrow

and

the

supplying

branch

artery

arrowhead

D

Angiography

after

a

successful

combined

embolization

shows

deployment

of

metallic

coils

arrowheads

at

the

branch

artery

and

main

splenic

artery

distal

to

the

dorsal

pancreatic

artery


Fig. 4. Process of fusion imaging between real-time US and reference MR images. A. Plane registration: after loading of reference MR images to US equipment that implemented fusion imaging technique; plane registration was done. In this case, sagittal plane was used for plane registration. B. Point registration: after plane registration, point registration was performed by selecting same anatomic landmark (proximal right portal vein in this case) on both real-time working US and reference MR images. C. Target tumor marking: after point registration, targeted tumor was marked on reference MR image. Location of targeted tumor on real-time working US was immediately visualized in corresponding location. MR = magnetic resonance

Fig

Process

of

fusion

imaging

between

real

time

US

and

reference

MR

images

A.

Plane

registration

after

loading

of

reference

MR

images

to

US

equipment

that

implemented

fusion

imaging

technique

plane

registration

was

done

In

this

case

sagittal

plane

was

used

for

plane

registration

B.

Point

registration

after

plane

registration

point

registration

was

performed

by

selecting

same

anatomic

landmark

proximal

right

portal

vein

in

this

case

on

both

real

time

working

US

and

reference

MR

images

C.

Target

tumor

marking

after

point

registration

targeted

tumor

was

marked

on

reference

MR

image

Location

of

targeted

tumor

on

real

time

working

US

was

immediately

visualized

in

corresponding

location

MR

magnetic

resonance


Figure 2. A 52-year-old woman with a mass detected on the screening breast ultrasound (US) in left breast, upper center. (A) An initial US image shows a 1.0 cm oval shape circumscribed isoechoic mass corresponding to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 on US (arrows). (B) and (C) at the 12 months and 2 years follow-up US, the mass in the left upper center was not changed, and downgraded to BI-RADS category 2. A B C

Figure

A

old

woman

with

a

mass

detected

on

the

screening

breast

ultrasound

US

in

left

breast

upper

center

A

An

initial

US

image

shows

a

cm

oval

shape

circumscribed

isoechoic

mass

corresponding

to

Breast

Imaging

Reporting

and

Data

System

BI

RADS

category

on

US

arrows

B

and

C

at

the

months

and

years

follow

up

US

the

mass

in

the

left

upper

center

was

not

changed

and

downgraded

to

BI

RADS

category

A

B

C


Fig. 3. 21-Year-old male patient with fistulizing CD, without urinary symptoms. Multiplanar contrast-enhanced CT enterography shows right-sided hydronephrosis treated with ureteral stent positioning (A). In the pelvis (B) active fistulizing enteric disease (arrowhead) causes upstream ureter dilatation.

Fig

old

male

patient

with

fistulizing

CD

without

urinary

symptoms

Multiplanar

contrast

enhanced

CT

enterography

shows

right

sided

hydronephrosis

treated

with

ureteral

stent

positioning

A

In

the

pelvis

B

active

fistulizing

enteric

disease

arrowhead

causes

upstream

ureter

dilatation


Figure 12. A, CAM II kinase-or-immunoreactive cells and neuropil concentrated in a large island in the caudate nucleus. Arrows indicate two larger stained cells. Scale bar, 100 pm. B, CAM II kinase-wimmunoreactive staining of the claustrum (CT) and putamen (Pu). Arrows indicate two large stained cells. Scale bar, 100 pm. C, CAM II kinase-oc immunoreactivity in large cells of the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNA4) and in the adjacent putamen (Pu). Scale bar, 25 pm. D, CAM II kinase-cu immunoreactivity in cells and neuropil of the putamen (Pu) but apparently in fibers only in the external division of the globus pallidus (GPe). See Figure 13A. Scale bar, 50 pm.

Figure

A

CAM

II

kinase

or

immunoreactive

cells

and

neuropil

concentrated

in

a

large

island

in

the

caudate

nucleus

Arrows

indicate

two

larger

stained

cells

Scale

bar

pm

B

CAM

II

kinase

wimmunoreactive

staining

of

the

claustrum

CT

and

putamen

Pu

Arrows

indicate

two

large

stained

cells

Scale

bar

pm

C

CAM

II

kinase

oc

immunoreactivity

in

large

cells

of

the

basal

nucleus

of

Meynert

and

in

the

adjacent

putamen

Pu

Scale

bar

pm

D

CAM

II

kinase

cu

immunoreactivity

in

cells

and

neuropil

of

the

putamen

Pu

but

apparently

in

fibers

only

in

the

external

division

of

the

globus

pallidus

GPe

See

Figure

Scale

bar

pm


Figure 2. Punctate white matter lesions with a cluster pattern. Early (A–C) and term equivalent (D–F) scans in an infant of 31+3 weeks gestation with lesions in a cluster pattern. T2-weighted imaging shows multiple lesions throughout the white matter (A) that are also clearly visible on inversion recovery imaging (B). The apparent diffusion coefficient -map shows restricted diffusion at the site of the lesions (C). The SWI sequence (not shown) did not show any signal loss. The arrow indicates one of the lesions, visible on all images. At term equivalent age, lesion load has diminished. Lesions are now better appreciated on T1-weighted imaging (E), compared with T2-weighted imaging (D). Again, SWI does not show signal loss (F). Outcome was favorable with a developmental quotient of 94 on the Griffiths scales at 18 months corrected age. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108904.g002

Figure

Punctate

white

matter

lesions

with

a

cluster

pattern

Early

A

C

and

term

equivalent

D

F

scans

in

an

infant

of

weeks

gestation

with

lesions

in

a

cluster

pattern

imaging

shows

multiple

lesions

throughout

the

white

matter

A

that

are

also

clearly

visible

on

inversion

recovery

imaging

B

The

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

-map

shows

restricted

diffusion

at

the

site

of

the

lesions

C

The

SWI

sequence

not

shown

did

not

show

any

signal

loss

The

arrow

indicates

one

of

the

lesions

visible

on

all

images

At

term

equivalent

age

lesion

load

has

diminished

Lesions

are

now

better

appreciated

on

imaging

E

compared

with

imaging

D

Again

SWI

does

not

show

signal

loss

F

Outcome

was

favorable

with

a

developmental

quotient

of

on

the

Griffiths

scales

at

months

corrected

age


Fig. 7 CT analysis showing bone damage was still present in the 3D-PLA, 3D-PLA + human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs), and 3D-PLA + extracellular vesicles (EVs) groups. On the contrary, in the 3D-PLA + EVs + hGMSCs, 3D-PLA + polyethyleneimine (PEI)-EVs, and 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs + hGMSCs groups the complete repair of the calvarial defect was shown. Arrows indicated bone defects

Fig

CT

analysis

showing

bone

damage

was

still

present

in

the

PLA

PLA

human

gingival

mesenchymal

stem

cells

hGMSCs

and

PLA

extracellular

vesicles

EVs

groups

On

the

contrary

in

the

PLA

EVs

hGMSCs

PLA

polyethyleneimine

PEI)-EVs

and

PLA

PEI

EVs

hGMSCs

groups

the

complete

repair

of

the

calvarial

defect

was

shown

Arrows

indicated

bone

defects


Fig. 8 Ultrasound image obtained from a 54-year-old patient with a suspicious mass: ͑a͒ contralateral normal site and ͑b͒ lesion site.

Fig

Ultrasound

image

obtained

from

a

old

patient

with

a

suspicious

mass

͑a͒

contralateral

normal

site

and

͑b͒

lesion

site


Figure 2: (a-c) A computerized tomography scan of right shoulder joint shows a large pedunculated bony lesion originating from the medial aspect of the superior margin of right scapula. The mass measures 5.3×3.0×1.5 cm in size. The tumor shows speculated sclerosed margins with no cortical break.

Figure

a

c

A

computerized

tomography

scan

of

right

shoulder

joint

shows

a

large

pedunculated

bony

lesion

originating

from

the

medial

aspect

of

the

superior

margin

of

right

scapula

The

mass

measures

cm

in

size

The

tumor

shows

speculated

sclerosed

margins

with

no

cortical

break


Figure 2. AFM images of DNA translocation. Typical images of translocation activity by R 1 -complex after incubation for (a) 10 s, (b) 30 s and (c) 60 s in the presence of ATP and 724 bp DNA fragments, containing a single recognition site at 175 bp. At the position of the protein, which shows up as a white globular feature, one small DNA loop is observed that increases in size with longer incubation times. Scan range, 250 nm; z range, 3 nm. (d) Distribution of the loop size after incubation for 10 s. Translocation distances were fitted with a Gaussian distribution, resulting in an average translocation distance of 2.8 · 10 2 bp. (e and f ) R 2 complexes on 2364 bp DNA after incubation with ATP for several minutes. As expected, double loops of DNA are formed. Scan range, 500 nm; z range, 5 nm.

Figure

AFM

images

of

DNA

translocation

Typical

images

of

translocation

activity

by

R

-complex

after

incubation

for

a

s

b

s

and

c

s

in

the

presence

of

ATP

and

bp

DNA

fragments

containing

a

single

recognition

site

at

bp

At

the

position

of

the

protein

which

shows

up

as

a

white

globular

feature

one

small

DNA

loop

is

observed

that

increases

in

size

with

longer

incubation

times

Scan

range

nm

z

range

nm

d

Distribution

of

the

loop

size

after

incubation

for

s.

Translocation

distances

were

fitted

with

a

Gaussian

distribution

resulting

in

an

average

translocation

distance

of

bp

e

and

f

R

complexes

on

bp

DNA

after

incubation

with

ATP

for

several

minutes

As

expected

double

loops

of

DNA

are

formed

Scan

range

nm

z

range

nm


Fig. 8 Schistosomiasis with superimposed squamocellular carcinoma in a 48 year-old Gambian man with pelvic pain and tenderness, dysuria and difficult urination. Unenhanced (a) and post-contrast (b) CT images showed marked asymmetric solid mural thickening (*), with poor enhancement along the anterior right lateral and superior bladder

Fig

Schistosomiasis

with

superimposed

squamocellular

carcinoma

in

a

year

old

Gambian

man

with

pelvic

pain

and

tenderness

dysuria

and

difficult

urination

Unenhanced

a

and

post

contrast

b

CT

images

showed

marked

asymmetric

solid

mural

thickening

with

poor

enhancement

along

the

anterior

right

lateral

and

superior

bladder


FIGURE 5. A 72-year-old man with lung cancer left 8th costal bone metastasis complained of left side chest pain underwent MDCT. Axial images show destruction of the bone with soft tissue edema. Oblique axial multiplanar images show the lesions limited in posterior segment of rib with irregular cortical destruction. 3D images with more opacity show the lesions were in left 8th costal bone with irregular bone destruction. 3D ¼ 3-dimensional, MDCT ¼ multidetector CT.

FIGURE

A

old

man

with

lung

cancer

left

costal

bone

metastasis

complained

of

left

side

chest

pain

underwent

MDCT

Axial

images

show

destruction

of

the

bone

with

soft

tissue

edema

Oblique

axial

multiplanar

images

show

the

lesions

limited

in

posterior

segment

of

rib

with

irregular

cortical

destruction

images

with

more

opacity

show

the

lesions

were

in

left

costal

bone

with

irregular

bone

destruction

¼

MDCT

¼

multidetector

CT


Fig. 3 Transesophageal echocardiogram four-chamber view with focus on right atrial and right ventricular views shows the a RA lead of the permanent pacemaker, b an 11-mm mass within the RA, and c the attachment of the mass to the RA lead

Fig

Transesophageal

echocardiogram

four

chamber

view

with

focus

on

right

atrial

and

right

ventricular

views

shows

the

a

RA

lead

of

the

permanent

pacemaker

b

an

mass

within

the

RA

and

c

the

attachment

of

the

mass

to

the

RA

lead


Figure 3. Posterior cervical laminar decompression and intraspinal tumor resection, followed by tumor dissection and resection through an anterior approach. (A) Female, 39 years old: MRI of the preoperative C7 schwannoma (coronal plane). (B) C6 and 7 posterior laminar decompression, partial resection of the schwannoma and partial resection of the affected right C7 nerve root (sagittal plane). (C) C7 posterior laminar decompression, partial resection of the schwannoma and partial resection of the affected right C7 nerve root (transverse plane). (D) Postoperative MRI: Phase II dumbbell-shaped giant schwannoma body resection through an anterior approach. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging (transverse plane).

Figure

Posterior

cervical

laminar

decompression

and

intraspinal

tumor

resection

followed

by

tumor

dissection

and

resection

through

an

anterior

approach

A

Female

years

old

MRI

of

the

preoperative

schwannoma

coronal

plane

B

and

posterior

laminar

decompression

partial

resection

of

the

schwannoma

and

partial

resection

of

the

affected

right

nerve

root

sagittal

plane

C

posterior

laminar

decompression

partial

resection

of

the

schwannoma

and

partial

resection

of

the

affected

right

nerve

root

transverse

plane

D

Postoperative

MRI

Phase

II

dumbbell

shaped

giant

schwannoma

body

resection

through

an

anterior

approach

MRI

magnetic

resonance

imaging

transverse

plane


Figure 1: Multimodal imaging of AVL. (a) Color photograph showing an AVL associated with sparse drusen. (b) FAF reveals hyperautofluorescence corresponding to the yellowish material in the color photograph; VL is irregular and in an eccentric position related to the fovea. (c) SD-OCT shows hyperreflective material within the subretinal space. (d) FA revealing blocked fluorescence by material within the subretinal space in the early phases and staining of the AVL during the late phases of angiogram. AVL, acquired vitelliform lesion; FAF, fundus autofluorescence; VL, vitelliform lesion; SD-OCT, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography; FA fluorescein angiography.

Figure

Multimodal

imaging

of

AVL

a

Color

photograph

showing

an

AVL

associated

with

sparse

drusen

b

FAF

reveals

hyperautofluorescence

corresponding

to

the

yellowish

material

in

the

color

photograph

VL

is

irregular

and

in

an

eccentric

position

related

to

the

fovea

c

SD

OCT

shows

hyperreflective

material

within

the

subretinal

space

d

FA

revealing

blocked

fluorescence

by

material

within

the

subretinal

space

in

the

early

phases

and

staining

of

the

AVL

during

the

late

phases

of

angiogram

AVL

acquired

vitelliform

lesion

FAF

fundus

autofluorescence

VL

vitelliform

lesion

SD

OCT

spectral

domain

optical

coherence

tomography

FA

fluorescein

angiography


Fig. 4 Computed tomography images of the patient undergoing ECG-gated computed tomography who showed the highest serum IgG4 level among this group (CT-case 1). Soft tissue mass encasing the abdominal aorta, and iliac and femoral arteries (A-C, arrows). Coronary arteries were normal (D-F).

Fig

Computed

tomography

images

of

the

patient

undergoing

ECG

gated

computed

tomography

who

showed

the

highest

serum

level

among

this

group

CT

case

Soft

tissue

mass

encasing

the

abdominal

aorta

and

iliac

and

femoral

arteries

A

C

arrows

Coronary

arteries

were

normal

D

F


Fig. 3. Label-free 3D molecular imaging of tumor presentation with DESI–MS. (a) 3D visualization of DESI–MSI results over MRI segmented tumor volume for surgical case 41. The MRI was acquired pre-operatively, and the tumor segmented and modeled using Slicer 4.0. Inset shows the overall tumor volume in light green. The position of each stereotactic sample was digitally registered to the pre-operative MRI using BrainLab iplan cranial 3.0, and the corresponding 3 dimensional coordinates used to render the distribution of the DESI–MSI analyses in the 3D tumor volume. The warm color scale from yellow to red represents the relative intensity of the peak at m/z 682.7. (b) Results are further visualized on axial sections of post-contrast T1 MR images. (c) Intensity values of the peak at m/z 682.7 for each surgical sample and autopsy. Arrow shows the dural tail. S, superior; A, anterior; L, lateral; P, posterior. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig

Label

free

molecular

imaging

of

tumor

presentation

with

DESI

MS

a

visualization

of

DESI

MSI

results

over

MRI

segmented

tumor

volume

for

surgical

case

The

MRI

was

acquired

pre

operatively

and

the

tumor

segmented

and

modeled

using

Slicer

Inset

shows

the

overall

tumor

volume

in

light

green

The

position

of

each

stereotactic

sample

was

digitally

registered

to

the

pre

operative

MRI

using

BrainLab

iplan

cranial

and

the

corresponding

dimensional

coordinates

used

to

render

the

distribution

of

the

DESI

MSI

analyses

in

the

tumor

volume

The

warm

color

scale

from

yellow

to

red

represents

the

relative

intensity

of

the

peak

at

m

z

b

Results

are

further

visualized

on

axial

sections

of

post

contrast

MR

images

c

Intensity

values

of

the

peak

at

m

z

for

each

surgical

sample

and

autopsy

Arrow

shows

the

dural

tail

S

superior

A

anterior

L

lateral

P

posterior

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

color

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

this

article


Fig. 2. Pancreatic images of type 1 AIP (cited from ref. 1 with permission). a. Dynamic CT shows diffuse swelling of the pancreas with late phase enhancement and low-density rim. b. Endoscopic pancreatography shows diffusely irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct. c. Endoscopic cholangiography shows beaded like and long stenotic biliary duct similar to primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Fig

Pancreatic

images

of

type

AIP

cited

from

ref

with

permission

a.

Dynamic

CT

shows

diffuse

swelling

of

the

pancreas

with

late

phase

enhancement

and

low

density

rim

b.

Endoscopic

pancreatography

shows

diffusely

irregular

narrowing

of

the

main

pancreatic

duct

c.

Endoscopic

cholangiography

shows

beaded

like

and

long

stenotic

biliary

duct

similar

to

primary

sclerosing

cholangitis


Fig. 1. Findings of the computed tomography analysis. (A) A multilobulated cystic mass was observed to extend into the pelvic cavity. (B) This mass originated from the lesser omentum, including the truncal vagus.

Fig

Findings

of

the

computed

tomography

analysis

A

A

multilobulated

cystic

mass

was

observed

to

extend

into

the

pelvic

cavity

B

This

mass

originated

from

the

lesser

omentum

including

the

truncal

vagus


Fig. 1 63 years-old female with GBM. MRI at diagnosis (upper row) and first recurrence (lower row). At diagnosis a left parieto-occipital mass was found, hyperintense in T2 FLAIR (arrow in a) and with irregular peripheral enhancement with central necrosis in T1Gd (arrow in b), with normal left temporal lobe (c and d). 13 months after surgery there was no evidence of recurrence at the surgical

Fig

years

old

female

with

GBM

MRI

at

diagnosis

upper

row

and

first

recurrence

lower

row

At

diagnosis

a

left

parieto

occipital

mass

was

found

hyperintense

in

FLAIR

arrow

in

a

and

with

irregular

peripheral

enhancement

with

central

necrosis

in

arrow

in

b

with

normal

left

temporal

lobe

c

and

d

months

after

surgery

there

was

no

evidence

of

recurrence

at

the

surgical


Fig. 1 X-ray and CT scan documented OALL at C2–C7, OPLL at C3–C7 and T1–2, and OLF at T1–2. a OALL at C2–C7, b OPLL (black arrow) and OLF (white arrow) at T1–2, c no sacroiliac erosion

Fig

X

ray

and

CT

scan

documented

OALL

at

OPLL

at

and

and

OLF

at

a

OALL

at

b

OPLL

black

arrow

and

OLF

white

arrow

at

c

no

sacroiliac

erosion


Figure 2 A typical FDG-PET image (a) and CT (b) of a noninvasive thymoma, patient no.12, 45 -55 min after injection of 4.5 mCi (167 MBq) of FDG, showing a low FDG uptake by tumour (DUR: 2.63).

Figure

A

typical

FDG

PET

image

a

and

CT

b

of

a

noninvasive

thymoma

patient

min

after

injection

of

mCi

MBq

of

FDG

showing

a

low

FDG

uptake

by

tumour

DUR


Fig 7. Pathogenicity of eq/J-K/08 H3N8 EIV in mice: A: Intercellular space with influenza virions, budding and released from surface of the degenerating cells from trachea at 3 dpi. Irregularly shaped microvilli can be seen amongst the virions X10000. B:Ultra thin section of lung at 3 dpi, showing budding of influenza virions from degenerating cell along with disintegration of nuclear envelope and loss of organelle architecture X 10000.C: Budding and release of influenza virions from surface of a degenerating cell in lung X8000.D: Fragmentation of nucleus with degeneration of endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells of lung at 3 dpi X8000 (n = 6).

Fig

Pathogenicity

of

eq

J

EIV

in

mice

A

Intercellular

space

with

influenza

virions

budding

and

released

from

surface

of

the

degenerating

cells

from

trachea

at

dpi

Irregularly

shaped

microvilli

can

be

seen

amongst

the

virions

B

Ultra

thin

section

of

lung

at

dpi

showing

budding

of

influenza

virions

from

degenerating

cell

along

with

disintegration

of

nuclear

envelope

and

loss

of

organelle

architecture

X

Budding

and

release

of

influenza

virions

from

surface

of

a

degenerating

cell

in

lung

Fragmentation

of

nucleus

with

degeneration

of

endoplasmic

reticulum

of

epithelial

cells

of

lung

at

dpi

n


Figure 1. Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography findings. (A, B) Volume rendering CT imaging and (C) multiplanar reformation image showed a single coronary artery in which the right coronary artery (RCA) originated from a branch of the left circumflex (LCx) artery with minimal possibility of chronic total occlusion of the RCA ostium with collateral supply from the LCx artery.

Figure

Coronary

computed

tomography

CT

angiography

findings

A

B

Volume

rendering

CT

imaging

and

C

multiplanar

reformation

image

showed

a

single

coronary

artery

in

which

the

right

coronary

artery

RCA

originated

from

a

branch

of

the

left

circumflex

LCx

artery

with

minimal

possibility

of

chronic

total

occlusion

of

the

RCA

ostium

with

collateral

supply

from

the

LCx

artery


Figure 4. (a) Longitudinal ultrasound image shows a well-circumscribed and hypoechoic intratesticular lesion in a male patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) consistent with testicular adrenal rest tumour (TART). (b) Internal vascularity is demonstrated on colour Doppler assessment of this lesion, which is adjacent to the mediastinum testis, a relatively characteristic feature of TART (white arrow). (c) Axial image shows the relationship of the TART to the mediastinum testis (white arrow). (d) Larger hypoechoic and illdefined intratesticular mass with a focus of central macroscopic calcification in a different patient with TART secondary to CAH.

Figure

a

Longitudinal

ultrasound

image

shows

a

well

circumscribed

and

hypoechoic

intratesticular

lesion

in

a

male

patient

with

congenital

adrenal

hyperplasia

CAH

consistent

with

testicular

adrenal

rest

tumour

TART

b

Internal

vascularity

is

demonstrated

on

colour

Doppler

assessment

of

this

lesion

which

is

adjacent

to

the

mediastinum

testis

a

relatively

characteristic

feature

of

TART

white

arrow

c

Axial

image

shows

the

relationship

of

the

TART

to

the

mediastinum

testis

white

arrow

d

Larger

hypoechoic

and

illdefined

intratesticular

mass

with

a

focus

of

central

macroscopic

calcification

in

a

different

patient

with

TART

secondary

to

CAH


Fig. 3. Diffusion (A and C) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI (B and D) at admission day 1. High signal intensities of bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles in diffusion and FLAIR MRI (A and B) were noted. However, there is no abnormal signal change in cerebral white matter (C and D).

Fig

Diffusion

A

and

C

and

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

MRI

B

and

D

at

admission

day

High

signal

intensities

of

bilateral

middle

cerebellar

peduncles

in

diffusion

and

FLAIR

MRI

A

and

B

were

noted

However

there

is

no

abnormal

signal

change

in

cerebral

white

matter

C

and

D


Figure 1. A) Preoperative radiograph; B) Root filling radiograph; C)Eighteen months follow-up radiograph

Figure

A

Preoperative

radiograph

B

Root

filling

radiograph

C)Eighteen

months

follow

up

radiograph


Figure 2. (A) CT scan on admission. Bilateral patchy infil trative shadows are seen in both lung fields (white arrows). The shadows demonstrate very light ground grass opacities. (B) Two weeks after the withdrawal of bucilamine, the shad ows disappeared completely.

Figure

A

CT

scan

on

admission

Bilateral

patchy

infil

trative

shadows

are

seen

in

both

lung

fields

white

arrows

The

shadows

demonstrate

very

light

ground

grass

opacities

B

Two

weeks

after

the

withdrawal

of

bucilamine

the

shad

ows

disappeared

completely


Fig. 3 a–d Ultrasound images of thyroid nodule in 2 patients ( a, b – patient 1 and c, d – patient 2) with histopathological diagnosis of FVPTC showing positive hypoechoic internal septae sign which is seen as ill-defined hypoechoic branching echoes within a well defined isoechoic nodule.

Fig

a

d

Ultrasound

images

of

thyroid

nodule

in

patients

a

b

patient

and

c

d

patient

with

histopathological

diagnosis

of

FVPTC

showing

positive

hypoechoic

internal

septae

sign

which

is

seen

as

ill

defined

hypoechoic

branching

echoes

within

a

well

defined

isoechoic

nodule


Figure 2. A. Coronal FDG-PET image before treatment. FDG accumulation was observed in the right kidney and at the midline of the lower abdomen (arrow), and in salivary glands, but not in the nasal area or pancreas. B. Coronal FDG-PET image after treatment without FDG accumulation. C. Axial FDG-PET/CT image before treatment. FDG accumulation corresponds to the soft tissue mass surrounding the abdominal aorta, i.e., retroperitoneal fibrosis. D. Axial FDG-PET/CT image after treatment without FDG accumulation.

Figure

A.

Coronal

FDG

PET

image

before

treatment

FDG

accumulation

was

observed

in

the

right

kidney

and

at

the

midline

of

the

lower

abdomen

arrow

and

in

salivary

glands

but

not

in

the

nasal

area

or

pancreas

B.

Coronal

FDG

PET

image

after

treatment

without

FDG

accumulation

C.

Axial

FDG

PET

CT

image

before

treatment

FDG

accumulation

corresponds

to

the

soft

tissue

mass

surrounding

the

abdominal

aorta

i.e.

retroperitoneal

fibrosis

D.

Axial

FDG

PET

CT

image

after

treatment

without

FDG

accumulation


Figure 3. Orbital contrast MRI of the same patient. Axial scans showed predominantly T1 hypointensity (A) and T2 hyperintensity (B) with focal T1 hyperintense and T2 hypointense foci (A and B, arrows). No demonstrable contrast enhancement was observed on the postcontrast T1-weighted image (C). The inferior part of the lesion bulged into the lateral aspect of the optic nerve (D and E, arrowhead) where the left superior ophthalmic vein (E, empty arrowhead) was located.

Figure

Orbital

contrast

MRI

of

the

same

patient

Axial

scans

showed

predominantly

hypointensity

A

and

hyperintensity

B

with

focal

hyperintense

and

hypointense

foci

A

and

B

arrows

No

demonstrable

contrast

enhancement

was

observed

on

the

postcontrast

image

C

The

inferior

part

of

the

lesion

bulged

into

the

lateral

aspect

of

the

optic

nerve

D

and

E

arrowhead

where

the

left

superior

ophthalmic

vein

E

empty

arrowhead

was

located


Figure 5. (A–D) Electron micrographs of thin sections from the testicular biopsy. (A) Typical zygotene-like cell showing single axes (asterisks). Magnification: ×5000. (B) A terminal segment of an infrequent synaptonemal complex, showing the lateral elements (LE), the central element (CE) and the normal transverse filaments (TF). Magnification: ×21 000. (C) Low-magnification electron micrograph showing normal spermatogonia (SG) and leptotenes (L) and one abnormal cell division (arrowhead) near the lumen. Magnification: ×1900. (D) Electron micrograph of one abnormal spermatocyte division showing the absence of microtubuli, the abundant clear vacuoles and the lattice-like array of small vacuoles. Magnification: ×4700.

Figure

A

D

Electron

micrographs

of

thin

sections

from

the

testicular

biopsy

A

Typical

zygotene

like

cell

showing

single

axes

asterisks

Magnification

B

A

terminal

segment

of

an

infrequent

synaptonemal

complex

showing

the

lateral

elements

LE

the

central

element

CE

and

the

normal

transverse

filaments

TF

Magnification

C

Low

magnification

electron

micrograph

showing

normal

spermatogonia

SG

and

leptotenes

L

and

one

abnormal

cell

division

arrowhead

near

the

lumen

Magnification

D

Electron

micrograph

of

one

abnormal

spermatocyte

division

showing

the

absence

of

microtubuli

the

abundant

clear

vacuoles

and

the

lattice

like

array

of

small

vacuoles

Magnification


Figure 7: Plantar fasciitis in a 64-year-old female. (a) Longitudinal ultrasound image shows fusiform thickening of the plantar fascia with loss of the normal reflectivity and fibrillar pattern. (b) Sagittal fused technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images of the same patient demonstrate increased entheseal uptake related to the plantar fascia origin at the os calcis b a

Figure

Plantar

fasciitis

in

a

old

female

a

Longitudinal

ultrasound

image

shows

fusiform

thickening

of

the

plantar

fascia

with

loss

of

the

normal

reflectivity

and

fibrillar

pattern

b

Sagittal

fused

m

methylene

diphosphonate

single

photon

emission

computed

tomography

computed

tomography

images

of

the

same

patient

demonstrate

increased

entheseal

uptake

related

to

the

plantar

fascia

origin

at

the

os

calcis

b

a


Fig. 1. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings of isolated superior mesenteric arterial dissection. A. Type I, patent true and false lumen revealing entry and re-entry sites. B. Type IIa, patent true and false lumen without reentry. C. Type IIb, patent true lumen but thrombosed false lumen. D. Type III, superior mesenteric artery occlusion.

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

findings

of

isolated

superior

mesenteric

arterial

dissection

A.

Type

I

patent

true

and

false

lumen

revealing

entry

and

re

entry

sites

B.

Type

IIa

patent

true

and

false

lumen

without

reentry

C.

Type

IIb

patent

true

lumen

but

thrombosed

false

lumen

D.

Type

III

superior

mesenteric

artery

occlusion


Figure 2. En-expressing neurons in the Johnston's Organ. A-G. mCD8::GFP (green) in the JO of P6 stage left pupal antennae, neuronal nuclei stained with Elav antibody (red), and Engrailed (En) antibody (magenta with Elav staining). A. Frontal view of en.GFP and En protein in the posterior half of the pedicel, showing En-expressing neurons (En-JONs) only in the ventral half of the posterior group. B. Anterior half of same pedicel showing en.GFP and En protein only in two large neurons. C. Transverse section through pedicel, showing medial and posterior neuronal groups (divided by dashed line). Most En-JONs are in the posterior group. D. Frontal view of JO15. GFP and En protein in the posterior half of pedicel, showing En expression in many JO15-expressing neurons. E. Anterior half of the same antenna, showing many JO15-expressing neurons, only one of which has En (arrowhead). F. Transverse section through pedicel. G. 3D views from lateral side of JO, showing 'open bowl' arrangement of Elav-positive neurons. En-JONs are present in the posterior and ventral regions of the neuronal array, with only two large neurons in the medial region (arrowheads). JO15-expressing neurons are present in both sides of the array. Ventral neurons with En protein (brackets) do not express JO15. H, I. Frontal views of posterior (H) and anterior (I) halves of pedicel with en .2xEGFP (green) and nompA-GFP (cyan or white) to label dendritic caps and threads. Cap threads of most En-JONs (cyan dashes) insert on medial side of cuticular ring (white arrow), only a few ventral En-JONs insert ventrally (white dashes). Anterior caps insert on lateral side of the ring (black arrow). I. Dorsally and ventrally inserting threads colored white. Ventral En-JONs encircled with white dots. Dorsal (D), lateral (L), and anterior (A) axes are indicated by arrows. Scale bar: 20 mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071419.g002

Figure

En

expressing

neurons

in

the

Johnston

's

Organ

A

G.

green

in

the

JO

of

stage

left

pupal

antennae

neuronal

nuclei

stained

with

Elav

antibody

red

and

Engrailed

En

antibody

magenta

with

Elav

staining

A.

Frontal

view

of

en

GFP

and

En

protein

in

the

posterior

half

of

the

pedicel

showing

En

expressing

neurons

En

JONs

only

in

the

ventral

half

of

the

posterior

group

B.

Anterior

half

of

same

pedicel

showing

en

GFP

and

En

protein

only

in

two

large

neurons

C.

Transverse

section

through

pedicel

showing

medial

and

posterior

neuronal

groups

divided

by

dashed

line

Most

En

JONs

are

in

the

posterior

group

D.

Frontal

view

of

GFP

and

En

protein

in

the

posterior

half

of

pedicel

showing

En

expression

in

many

neurons

E.

Anterior

half

of

the

same

antenna

showing

many

neurons

only

one

of

which

has

En

arrowhead

F.

Transverse

section

through

pedicel

G.

views

from

lateral

side

of

JO

showing

open

bowl

arrangement

of

Elav

positive

neurons

En

JONs

are

present

in

the

posterior

and

ventral

regions

of

the

neuronal

array

with

only

two

large

neurons

in

the

medial

region

arrowheads

neurons

are

present

in

both

sides

of

the

array

Ventral

neurons

with

En

protein

brackets

do

not

express

H

I.

Frontal

views

of

posterior

H

and

anterior

I

halves

of

pedicel

with

en

green

and

nompA

GFP

cyan

or

white

to

label

dendritic

caps

and

threads

Cap

threads

of

most

En

JONs

cyan

dashes

insert

on

medial

side

of

cuticular

ring

white

arrow

only

a

few

ventral

En

JONs

insert

ventrally

white

dashes

Anterior

caps

insert

on

lateral

side

of

the

ring

black

arrow

I.

Dorsally

and

ventrally

inserting

threads

colored

white

Ventral

En

JONs

encircled

with

white

dots

Dorsal

D

lateral

L

and

anterior

A

axes

are

indicated

by

arrows

Scale

bar

mm


Fig. 2 The representative axial images on T2 flair image (a) and tractography of motor fibers on DTI (b) are shown in preterm infants with white matter abnormalities and cerebral palsy

Fig

The

representative

axial

images

on

flair

image

a

and

tractography

of

motor

fibers

on

DTI

b

are

shown

in

preterm

infants

with

white

matter

abnormalities

and

cerebral

palsy


Figure 2. Cre-mediated recombination in [Tie2-Cre: sGFP] embryos. (A): Activation of green fluorescent protein in the vasculature network of the E9.5 embryo. (B, C): Magnified images of intersomitic vascular network and yolk sac vascular network. (D-F): Transverse sections of E10.5 embryo through the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. (D): Anti-Tie2 antibody staining (green); (E) anti-Cre-recombinase antibody staining (red); (F) merged (D) and (E) and 4 0 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining (blue, not shown) images. Note lateral (arrowhead) and ventral (arrow) intra-aortic clusters. (G): Magnified image of the lateral intra-aortic cluster shown in (F) by arrowhead. Abbreviations: Ao: dorsal aorta; CV: cardinal veins; Ms: mesenterium.

Figure

Cre

mediated

recombination

in

sGFP

embryos

A

Activation

of

green

fluorescent

protein

in

the

vasculature

network

of

the

embryo

B

C

Magnified

images

of

intersomitic

vascular

network

and

yolk

sac

vascular

network

D

F

Transverse

sections

of

embryo

through

the

aorta

gonad

mesonephros

region

D

Anti

antibody

staining

green

E

anti

Cre

recombinase

antibody

staining

red

F

merged

D

and

E

and

staining

blue

not

shown

images

Note

lateral

arrowhead

and

ventral

arrow

intra

aortic

clusters

G

Magnified

image

of

the

lateral

intra

aortic

cluster

shown

in

F

by

arrowhead

Abbreviations

Ao

dorsal

aorta

CV

cardinal

veins

Ms

mesenterium


Figure 2 Four-chamber view of the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Left: diastolic phase; right, systolic phase. TTE described akinesis of the mid to apical portions of both the left and right ventricles.

Figure

Four

chamber

view

of

the

transthoracic

echocardiogram

TTE

Left

diastolic

phase

right

systolic

phase

TTE

described

akinesis

of

the

mid

to

apical

portions

of

both

the

left

and

right

ventricles


Figure 2. Sagittal T2-weighted MRI sequence (A) and contrast-enhanced sagittal T1-weighted MRI sequence (B) showing an intradural extramedullary lesion in the lower dorsal spine, with elevated signal intensity on the T2-weighted sequence (arrow) and intense contrast enhancement (arrowhead), consistent with leptomeningeal involvement.

Figure

Sagittal

MRI

sequence

A

and

contrast

enhanced

sagittal

MRI

sequence

B

showing

an

intradural

extramedullary

lesion

in

the

lower

dorsal

spine

with

elevated

signal

intensity

on

the

sequence

arrow

and

intense

contrast

enhancement

arrowhead

consistent

with

leptomeningeal

involvement


Fig. 6. Sagittal CT images (A, B, and C) show the presence of aberrant root canal morphology and the presence of a large periapical radiolucency.

Fig

Sagittal

CT

images

A

B

and

C

show

the

presence

of

aberrant

root

canal

morphology

and

the

presence

of

a

large

periapical

radiolucency


Figure 1 (A) Cranial CT scan, axial plane: subcortical hypodensity in left cerebellar hemisphere with nonspecific appearance. (B) Head MRI, T2-weighted axial view: hyperintensity in both cerebellar hemispheres with restricted diffusion and cortical enhancement after administration of contrast. (C) Cranial CT scan, axial plane: evidence of progression of cerebellar ischaemia associated with swelling and mass effect and with descent of the cerebellar tonsils to the foramen magnum and raised supratentorial ventricle.

Figure

A

Cranial

CT

scan

axial

plane

subcortical

hypodensity

in

left

cerebellar

hemisphere

with

nonspecific

appearance

B

Head

MRI

axial

view

hyperintensity

in

both

cerebellar

hemispheres

with

restricted

diffusion

and

cortical

enhancement

after

administration

of

contrast

C

Cranial

CT

scan

axial

plane

evidence

of

progression

of

cerebellar

ischaemia

associated

with

swelling

and

mass

effect

and

with

descent

of

the

cerebellar

tonsils

to

the

foramen

magnum

and

raised

supratentorial

ventricle


Fig. 2 Technetium–99m-ethylcysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography scans, before treatment (A) showing diffuse hypoperfusion in the left frontal lobe, and after treatment (B) demonstrating improved cerebral blood flow in the left frontal lobe.

Fig

ethylcysteinate

dimer

single

photon

emission

computed

tomography

scans

before

treatment

A

showing

diffuse

hypoperfusion

in

the

left

frontal

lobe

and

after

treatment

B

demonstrating

improved

cerebral

blood

flow

in

the

left

frontal

lobe


FIGURE 2. Contrast-enhanced neck CT scan. An over distension state of the upper (cervical) trachea and adjacent soft tissue with air bubbles around the trachea, the right thyroid gland, and both visceral spaces are shown (A and B). Severe infection and necrosis around the endotracheal tube cuff is revealed (C and D, white arrow).

FIGURE

Contrast

enhanced

neck

CT

scan

An

over

distension

state

of

the

upper

cervical

trachea

and

adjacent

soft

tissue

with

air

bubbles

around

the

trachea

the

right

thyroid

gland

and

both

visceral

spaces

are

shown

A

and

B

Severe

infection

and

necrosis

around

the

endotracheal

tube

cuff

is

revealed

C

and

D

white

arrow


Figure 1 Positron emission tomography鄄 computed tomography (PET鄄 CT) or CT results of lungs and pericardium prior to chemotherapy (A, B), after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (C, D) and 6 cycles of chemotherapy (E, F) Significant reduction of the tumor volume was observed.

Figure

Positron

emission

tomography鄄

computed

tomography

PET鄄

CT

or

CT

results

of

lungs

and

pericardium

prior

to

chemotherapy

A

B

after

cycles

of

chemotherapy

C

D

and

cycles

of

chemotherapy

E

F

Significant

reduction

of

the

tumor

volume

was

observed