Fig 5. (A) With the patient placed in a supine position, the right knee at 30 flexion, and at neutral rotation, the medial collateral ligament (dashed white arrows) and the prospective site for the tibial anchor (solid white arrow) are identified. (NOTE. The green line is the midline function on the ultrasound machine. The green dot corresponds to the orientation of the ultrasound transducer.) (B) With the patient placed in a supine position, the right knee at 30 flexion, and at neutral rotation, the spinal needle (solid black arrow) is seen being placed at the site for the tibial anchor from an exterior view, corresponding with the ultrasound view. The spinal needle acts as a guide for anatomic socket placement and eventual anchor fixation.

Fig

A

With

the

patient

placed

in

a

supine

position

the

right

knee

at

flexion

and

at

neutral

rotation

the

medial

collateral

ligament

dashed

white

arrows

and

the

prospective

site

for

the

tibial

anchor

solid

white

arrow

are

identified

NOTE

The

green

line

is

the

midline

function

on

the

ultrasound

machine

The

green

dot

corresponds

to

the

orientation

of

the

ultrasound

transducer

B

With

the

patient

placed

in

a

supine

position

the

right

knee

at

flexion

and

at

neutral

rotation

the

spinal

needle

solid

black

arrow

is

seen

being

placed

at

the

site

for

the

tibial

anchor

from

an

exterior

view

corresponding

with

the

ultrasound

view

The

spinal

needle

acts

as

a

guide

for

anatomic

socket

placement

and

eventual

anchor

fixation


Figure 2. Dcx KO CA3 layers show heterogeneous and disorganized cells compared to WT. Electron micrographs of the hippocampus from WT (A–B) and KO mice (C–E). (A) In WT, the broad layer of pyramidal neurons (delimited by dashed black lines) shows a more regular arrangement of adjacent columns of neurons (marked by circles). A layer bordering the stratum oriens (SO) displays neurons with occasional oval elongated shaped nuclei. All nuclei are surrounded by a light cytoplasm. (B) High magnification of pyramidal neurons displaying rounded or oval nuclei, with a homogeneous aspect of the nuclear membrane. (C) In the KO, the SPE bounds the SO (lower dashed black line) and the SPI is limited by the stratum radiatum (SR) (upper dashed black line). In both the SPE and SPI layers two types of cells are shown. One exhibits a clear cytoplasm and large nuclei (black asterisks) with round, elongated or lobulated shapes, enclosing light chromatin with peripherally located nucleoli, similar in aspect to the neuronal chromatin observed in WT. The second type of cell (white asterisks) has a darker cytoplasm, occasional tapered processes and encloses nuclei with dense chromatin. They are intermingled and often closely juxtaposed with neuronal-like cells. (D) In the SPI, two types of cells are shown, pyramidal neuronal-like cells with a clear cytoplasm and peripheral nucleoli (black asterisk) and a second cell type with a darker cytoplasm whose nucleoli are rarely peripheral (white asterisk). (E) In the SPE similar cell types with light (black asterisk) and dark cytoplasm (white asterisks) are also identified. Arrows in D and E indicate the irregular shape of the nuclear membrane. Scale bars: A, C: 5 mm; B, D, E: 2.5 mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072622.g002

Figure

Dcx

KO

layers

show

heterogeneous

and

disorganized

cells

compared

to

WT

Electron

micrographs

of

the

hippocampus

from

WT

A

B

and

KO

mice

C

E

A

In

WT

the

broad

layer

of

pyramidal

neurons

delimited

by

dashed

black

lines

shows

a

more

regular

arrangement

of

adjacent

columns

of

neurons

marked

by

circles

A

layer

bordering

the

stratum

oriens

SO

displays

neurons

with

occasional

oval

elongated

shaped

nuclei

All

nuclei

are

surrounded

by

a

light

cytoplasm

B

High

magnification

of

pyramidal

neurons

displaying

rounded

or

oval

nuclei

with

a

homogeneous

aspect

of

the

nuclear

membrane

C

In

the

KO

the

SPE

bounds

the

SO

lower

dashed

black

line

and

the

SPI

is

limited

by

the

stratum

radiatum

SR

upper

dashed

black

line

In

both

the

SPE

and

SPI

layers

two

types

of

cells

are

shown

One

exhibits

a

clear

cytoplasm

and

large

nuclei

black

asterisks

with

round

elongated

or

lobulated

shapes

enclosing

light

chromatin

with

peripherally

located

nucleoli

similar

in

aspect

to

the

neuronal

chromatin

observed

in

WT

The

second

type

of

cell

white

asterisks

has

a

darker

cytoplasm

occasional

tapered

processes

and

encloses

nuclei

with

dense

chromatin

They

are

intermingled

and

often

closely

juxtaposed

with

neuronal

like

cells

D

In

the

SPI

two

types

of

cells

are

shown

pyramidal

neuronal

like

cells

with

a

clear

cytoplasm

and

peripheral

nucleoli

black

asterisk

and

a

second

cell

type

with

a

darker

cytoplasm

whose

nucleoli

are

rarely

peripheral

white

asterisk

E

In

the

SPE

similar

cell

types

with

light

black

asterisk

and

dark

cytoplasm

white

asterisks

are

also

identified

Arrows

in

D

and

E

indicate

the

irregular

shape

of

the

nuclear

membrane

Scale

bars

A

C

mm

B

D

E

mm


Figure 2. Coronal thionin-stained sections located immediately caudal to the fomix transections in cases FXI and FX2. A similar level is shown in a third animal (C), in which the lesion unilaterally involved the septal nuclei but did not transect the fomix. SmaN arrows are placed above the fomix approximately 5 mm lateral to the midline in each case. Note that there is marked shrinkage and gliosis of the fomix in the top 2 panels. Scale bar, 1 mm.

Figure

Coronal

thionin

stained

sections

located

immediately

caudal

to

the

fomix

transections

in

cases

FXI

and

A

similar

level

is

shown

in

a

third

animal

C

in

which

the

lesion

unilaterally

involved

the

septal

nuclei

but

did

not

transect

the

fomix

SmaN

arrows

are

placed

above

the

fomix

approximately

mm

lateral

to

the

midline

in

each

case

Note

that

there

is

marked

shrinkage

and

gliosis

of

the

fomix

in

the

top

panels

Scale

bar

mm


Figure 6. a–d. Intraventricular cavernoma as an incidental finding in an 18-year-old male patient. Axial CT scan (a) shows an oval, wellcircumscribed, hyperdense mass lesion in the left frontal horn of lateral ventricle (arrow). The lesion shows heterogeneous hyperintense and hypointense signals on axial T1-weighted MR image (b, arrow). There is a typical peripheral hemosiderin rim of low signal intensity on coronal T2-weighted MR image (c, arrow). There is no enhancement on contrast-enhanced axial MR image (d, arrowhead), but an enhancing parenchymal venous angioma is seen in front of the intraventricular cavernoma (d, arrow).

Figure

a

d

Intraventricular

cavernoma

as

an

incidental

finding

in

an

old

male

patient

Axial

CT

scan

a

shows

an

oval

wellcircumscribed

hyperdense

mass

lesion

in

the

left

frontal

horn

of

lateral

ventricle

arrow

The

lesion

shows

heterogeneous

hyperintense

and

hypointense

signals

on

axial

MR

image

b

arrow

There

is

a

typical

peripheral

hemosiderin

rim

of

low

signal

intensity

on

coronal

MR

image

c

arrow

There

is

no

enhancement

on

contrast

enhanced

axial

MR

image

d

arrowhead

but

an

enhancing

parenchymal

venous

angioma

is

seen

in

front

of

the

intraventricular

cavernoma

d

arrow


Fig. 1 Findings on imaging. Computed tomography (CT) of the patient’s abdomen (A—abdominal view, and B—liver view) revealed a prominent Riedel lobe of the liver, with no evidence of obstruction, thrombosis, or malignancy. Mild changes of sigmoid diverticulosis were seen, with no evidence of acute diverticulitis. A repeat CT revealed mild ascites localized to the right upper quadrant, and the liver edge appeared to have a slightly nodular contour, a non-specific finding in this particular case, but which in general may suggest cirrhosis. Abdominal ultrasound (C, D) revealed a heterogeneous echotexture of the liver with regions of increased echogenicity in the right lobe, a non-specific finding which may be seen in hepatitis

Fig

Findings

on

imaging

Computed

tomography

CT

of

the

patient

’s

abdomen

A

abdominal

view

and

B

liver

view

revealed

a

prominent

Riedel

lobe

of

the

liver

with

no

evidence

of

obstruction

thrombosis

or

malignancy

Mild

changes

of

sigmoid

diverticulosis

were

seen

with

no

evidence

of

acute

diverticulitis

A

repeat

CT

revealed

mild

ascites

localized

to

the

right

upper

quadrant

and

the

liver

edge

appeared

to

have

a

slightly

nodular

contour

a

non

specific

finding

in

this

particular

case

but

which

in

general

may

suggest

cirrhosis

Abdominal

ultrasound

C

D

revealed

a

heterogeneous

echotexture

of

the

liver

with

regions

of

increased

echogenicity

in

the

right

lobe

a

non

specific

finding

which

may

be

seen

in

hepatitis


Figure 1. Flair-weighted axial section (A), T2-weighted sagittal section (B) and T1-weighted coronal section (C) of cranial MR images show diffuse cerebral, cerebellar atrophy and ventricular enlargement secondary to atrophy.

Figure

Flair

weighted

axial

section

A

sagittal

section

B

and

coronal

section

C

of

cranial

MR

images

show

diffuse

cerebral

cerebellar

atrophy

and

ventricular

enlargement

secondary

to

atrophy


Figure 3. Forty-four year-old man with a desmoid tumor arising in the left posterior neck region. Evaluation for efficacy of meloxicam according to RECIST criteria was PR. This tumor had T41A mutation. (A) A T2-weighed axial MRI of desmoid (arrows) at the first visit. (B)A T2-weighed axial MRI of desmoid (arrows) at last follow-up. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096391.g003

Figure

Forty

four

year

old

man

with

a

desmoid

tumor

arising

in

the

left

posterior

neck

region

Evaluation

for

efficacy

of

meloxicam

according

to

RECIST

criteria

was

PR

This

tumor

had

mutation

A

A

axial

MRI

of

desmoid

arrows

at

the

first

visit

B)A

axial

MRI

of

desmoid

arrows

at

last

follow

up


Fig. 1 (a) Axial section of CT scan at the level of ethmoid sinuses and orbits showing, left intra-orbital mass with extensive AFS involving bilateral ethmoid sinuses. (b) Axial section of T2-weighted MRI scan showing AFS at the level of ethmoid sinuses and involved left orbit. (c) Axial section of contrast CT scan showing a large left frontal lobe mass, with extensive peri-lesional edema, indicating aspergilloma of left frontal lobe. (d) Axial section of T2 weighted MRI scan, showing massive cerebral edema around left frontal aspergilloma. (e) Coronal section of contrast-enhanced MRI scan showing extension of PNS disease (AFS) into intracranial compartment (InIA). (f) Coronal section of T2-weighted scan showing intense frontal lobe edema, with a mass extending into frontal lobe (InIA).

Fig

a

Axial

section

of

CT

scan

at

the

level

of

ethmoid

sinuses

and

orbits

showing

left

intra

orbital

mass

with

extensive

AFS

involving

bilateral

ethmoid

sinuses

b

Axial

section

of

MRI

scan

showing

AFS

at

the

level

of

ethmoid

sinuses

and

involved

left

orbit

c

Axial

section

of

contrast

CT

scan

showing

a

large

left

frontal

lobe

mass

with

extensive

peri

lesional

edema

indicating

aspergilloma

of

left

frontal

lobe

d

Axial

section

of

weighted

MRI

scan

showing

massive

cerebral

edema

around

left

frontal

aspergilloma

e

Coronal

section

of

contrast

enhanced

MRI

scan

showing

extension

of

PNS

disease

AFS

into

intracranial

compartment

InIA

f

Coronal

section

of

scan

showing

intense

frontal

lobe

edema

with

a

mass

extending

into

frontal

lobe

InIA


Fig. 4. Abdominopelvic CT findings. (A) Typical intussusceptions in the proximal jejunum. (B) Prominent large fungating polyps (white arrows) and intussusceptions (black arrows) in the jejunum. (C) Intussusceptions containing mesenteric vessels and fat. (D) Intussusceptions containing mesenteric vessels and fat (white arrows) and a large ileal polyp (black arrow) in a coronal image.

Fig

Abdominopelvic

CT

findings

A

Typical

intussusceptions

in

the

proximal

jejunum

B

Prominent

large

fungating

polyps

white

arrows

and

intussusceptions

black

arrows

in

the

jejunum

C

Intussusceptions

containing

mesenteric

vessels

and

fat

D

Intussusceptions

containing

mesenteric

vessels

and

fat

white

arrows

and

a

large

ileal

polyp

black

arrow

in

a

coronal

image


Figure 1. (A) Axial T1-weighted MR image shows an intramedullary bone mass (arrow) with intermediate signal in the greater tuberosity of the proximal right humerus. (B) Axial T2-weighted fat-saturated MR image shows corresponding T2-bright signal in the mass (arrow). (C) Axial unenhanced CT image shows an osteosclerotic intramedullary bone mass (arrow) in the proximal right humerus. (D) 18 F-FDG PET/CT fused image shows increased FDG avidity in the mass with an SUV of 7.4. (E) 18 F-FDG PET image shows a FDG-avid intramedullary bone mass (arrow) in the proximal right humerus before treatment. (F) 18 F-FDG image following treatment 1 month later shows interval resolution of metabolic activity (arrow).

Figure

A

Axial

MR

image

shows

an

intramedullary

bone

mass

arrow

with

intermediate

signal

in

the

greater

tuberosity

of

the

proximal

right

humerus

B

Axial

fat

saturated

MR

image

shows

corresponding

signal

in

the

mass

arrow

C

Axial

unenhanced

CT

image

shows

an

osteosclerotic

intramedullary

bone

mass

arrow

in

the

proximal

right

humerus

D

F

FDG

PET

CT

fused

image

shows

increased

FDG

avidity

in

the

mass

with

an

SUV

of

E

F

FDG

PET

image

shows

a

FDG

avid

intramedullary

bone

mass

arrow

in

the

proximal

right

humerus

before

treatment

F

F

FDG

image

following

treatment

month

later

shows

interval

resolution

of

metabolic

activity

arrow


Fig. 3. A 78-year-old man with M. kansasii infection. A. Chest radiograph reveals the presence of reticulonodular lesions in both upper lobes, which have decreased in volume. Also note right apical pleural thickening and emphysematous overinflation in remaining lung areas. B. High-resolution (1.0-mm collimation) CT scan obtained at the level of the aortic arch shows consolidation containing the open bronchus sign in the right upper lobe and thin-walled cavity (small arrows), and some areas of consolidation (arrows) in the left upper lobe. Also note the reduced volume of both upper lobes.

Fig

A

old

man

with

M.

kansasii

infection

A.

Chest

radiograph

reveals

the

presence

of

reticulonodular

lesions

in

both

upper

lobes

which

have

decreased

in

volume

Also

note

right

apical

pleural

thickening

and

emphysematous

overinflation

in

remaining

lung

areas

B.

High

resolution

collimation

CT

scan

obtained

at

the

level

of

the

aortic

arch

shows

consolidation

containing

the

open

bronchus

sign

in

the

right

upper

lobe

and

thin

walled

cavity

small

arrows

and

some

areas

of

consolidation

arrows

in

the

left

upper

lobe

Also

note

the

reduced

volume

of

both

upper

lobes


Figure 1. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) scans at the time of diagnosis. A chest X-ray showed multiple nodules and masses. Chest CT showed lung mass with central necrosis in the right lower lobe.

Figure

Chest

X

ray

and

chest

computed

tomography

CT

scans

at

the

time

of

diagnosis

A

chest

X

ray

showed

multiple

nodules

and

masses

Chest

CT

showed

lung

mass

with

central

necrosis

in

the

right

lower

lobe


Figure 5. Inflamed bowel in an 18-year-old male patient with Crohn disease and GI tract bleeding. (a-d) Selected anterior images from 99m Tc-labeled RBC scintigraphy, acquired at 16 seconds (a) and 56 seconds (b) (during flow imaging) and at 10 minutes (c) and 60 minutes (d) (during functional imaging) after injection of the radiotracer, show a region of increased activity in the upper abdomen (arrow), a finding that does not move over time. The persistent radiotracer activity represents increased perfusion and hyperemia in an inflamed small bowel loop. (e, f) Coronal (e) and axial (f) CT images show the thickened wall of a small bowel loop in the upper abdomen (arrow), a feature that corresponds to the scintigraphic finding.

Figure

Inflamed

bowel

in

an

old

male

patient

with

Crohn

disease

and

GI

tract

bleeding

a

d

Selected

anterior

images

from

m

Tc

labeled

RBC

scintigraphy

acquired

at

seconds

a

and

seconds

b

during

flow

imaging

and

at

minutes

c

and

minutes

d

during

functional

imaging

after

injection

of

the

radiotracer

show

a

region

of

increased

activity

in

the

upper

abdomen

arrow

a

finding

that

does

not

move

over

time

The

persistent

radiotracer

activity

represents

increased

perfusion

and

hyperemia

in

an

inflamed

small

bowel

loop

e

f

Coronal

e

and

axial

f

CT

images

show

the

thickened

wall

of

a

small

bowel

loop

in

the

upper

abdomen

arrow

a

feature

that

corresponds

to

the

scintigraphic

finding


FIG 8. (a) Guinea pig epidermis, 5 days after the labelling of melanosome complexes. There is no diffuse tracer within the granular cell and even in the str. corneum the tracer forms well defined aggregates some of which still contain identifiable melanosomes (M). K: keratohyalin. X26000. (b) Higher magnification of a melanosome complex within the str. corneum, 4 days after labelling. Partly degraded melanosomes (M) can be recognized which are associated with the tracer. There is no spilling of tracer into the matrix of the horny cell. x91000.

FIG

a

Guinea

pig

epidermis

days

after

the

labelling

of

melanosome

complexes

There

is

no

diffuse

tracer

within

the

granular

cell

and

even

in

the

str

corneum

the

tracer

forms

well

defined

aggregates

some

of

which

still

contain

identifiable

melanosomes

M

K

keratohyalin

b

Higher

magnification

of

a

melanosome

complex

within

the

str

corneum

days

after

labelling

Partly

degraded

melanosomes

M

can

be

recognized

which

are

associated

with

the

tracer

There

is

no

spilling

of

tracer

into

the

matrix

of

the

horny

cell


Fig 4. Corneal polarimetric interferometry of type A pattern. Frames of representative raw sequence (A-E) in a case in which the isogyre maintains its corneal cross-shaped pattern with the rotating scan of the LCP. (F) The final summary static image (SUM image) is characterized by a single "pear shaped" dark area with the major axis along the horizontal meridians. Peripheral isochromes are visible on individual photograms. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178397.g004

Fig

Corneal

polarimetric

interferometry

of

type

A

pattern

Frames

of

representative

raw

sequence

A

E

in

a

case

in

which

the

isogyre

maintains

its

corneal

cross

shaped

pattern

with

the

rotating

scan

of

the

LCP

F

The

final

summary

static

image

SUM

image

is

characterized

by

a

single

pear

shaped

dark

area

with

the

major

axis

along

the

horizontal

meridians

Peripheral

isochromes

are

visible

on

individual

photograms


Fig. 1 Immunohistochemical staining pattern of PROX1 in normal pancreas, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and in metastasized lymph node. a PROX1 staining pattern in normal pancreatic tissue. Distinct nuclear positivity to be seen. b PROX1 staining pattern in transitional zone of normal pancreas and cancerous tissue (arrowhead). c and d PROX1 staining pattern in metastasized lymph node. No nuclear expression in cancer cells. Original magnification × 200 in (a, b, and d). Original magnification × 100 in C

Fig

Immunohistochemical

staining

pattern

of

in

normal

pancreas

in

pancreatic

ductal

adenocarcinoma

PDAC

and

in

metastasized

lymph

node

a

staining

pattern

in

normal

pancreatic

tissue

Distinct

nuclear

positivity

to

be

seen

b

staining

pattern

in

transitional

zone

of

normal

pancreas

and

cancerous

tissue

arrowhead

c

and

d

staining

pattern

in

metastasized

lymph

node

No

nuclear

expression

in

cancer

cells

Original

magnification

in

a

b

and

d

Original

magnification

in

C


Fig. 4 a, b.Ganglion cyst in the volar aspect of the wrist in a 55-year-old woman presenting with pain during volar flexion and paresthesia. Axial FS PD-weightedMRI (a) shows a smooth,multiloculated, homogeneously hyperintense lesion located deep and medial to the radial artery (arrow) and lateral to the flexor pollicis longus (dashed arrow) and the flexor carpi radialis (arrowhead) tendons. A tiny amount of fluid within the abductor

Fig

a

b

Ganglion

cyst

in

the

volar

aspect

of

the

wrist

in

a

old

woman

presenting

with

pain

during

volar

flexion

and

paresthesia

Axial

FS

PD

weightedMRI

a

shows

a

smooth

multiloculated

homogeneously

hyperintense

lesion

located

deep

and

medial

to

the

radial

artery

arrow

and

lateral

to

the

flexor

pollicis

longus

dashed

arrow

and

the

flexor

carpi

radialis

arrowhead

tendons

A

tiny

amount

of

fluid

within

the

abductor


Fig. 3 a-f Left distal third spiral tibia fracture (a) with normal appearing radiographs of the ankle (b). Preoperative CT scan shows a non-contiguous minimally displaced posterior malleolus fracture (c-d). Follow-up radiographs (e-f) show uneventful healing of both tibia and ankle injury

Fig

a

f

Left

distal

third

spiral

tibia

fracture

a

with

normal

appearing

radiographs

of

the

ankle

b

Preoperative

CT

scan

shows

a

non

contiguous

minimally

displaced

posterior

malleolus

fracture

c

d

Follow

up

radiographs

e

f

show

uneventful

healing

of

both

tibia

and

ankle

injury


Figure 1. Is speckle noise or a feature? (a) Original B-mode image of a breast mass. (b) Speckle reduction applied to the original image. Note that the texture has been removed from the image but major structures remain well-defined. (c) Elastography image of the same mass derived from RF data. Speckle tracking is an implicit or explicit part of elastography. (Results courtesy of Aymeric Larrue and Andy di Battista, U Oxford UK).

Figure

Is

speckle

noise

or

a

feature

a

Original

B

mode

image

of

a

breast

mass

b

Speckle

reduction

applied

to

the

original

image

Note

that

the

texture

has

been

removed

from

the

image

but

major

structures

remain

well

defined

c

Elastography

image

of

the

same

mass

derived

from

RF

data

Speckle

tracking

is

an

implicit

or

explicit

part

of

elastography

Results

courtesy

of

Aymeric

Larrue

and

Andy

di

Battista

U

Oxford

UK


Figure 1. Locations of the seed regions used for extracting the arcuate fasciculus. (A) The coronal section showing the middle of the internal capsule posterior limb used to identify the core of the arcuate fasciculus (intense triangular shaped area), (B) fiber tracts projecting from A, (C) fiber tracts selected from the level of the anterior commissure in the axial plane that project laterally to the sagittal striatum, and (D) fiber bundles crossing both A and C.

Figure

Locations

of

the

seed

regions

used

for

extracting

the

arcuate

fasciculus

A

The

coronal

section

showing

the

middle

of

the

internal

capsule

posterior

limb

used

to

identify

the

core

of

the

arcuate

fasciculus

intense

triangular

shaped

area

B

fiber

tracts

projecting

from

A

C

fiber

tracts

selected

from

the

level

of

the

anterior

commissure

in

the

axial

plane

that

project

laterally

to

the

sagittal

striatum

and

D

fiber

bundles

crossing

both

A

and

C.


Figure 2: 16-year-old female with an intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma. T2 weighted single-shot fast spin echo axial (a) and coronal (b) abdominal MRI demonstrates the cystic nature of the 12.8 x 8.9 x 11.3 cm mass with multiple thin septa (solid black arrows) along the lesser curvature of the stomach (broken white arrow). Cyst contents are of uniform hyperintenstity. (Protocol: 1.5T, TE: 71.52, TR: 667.5)

Figure

old

female

with

an

intra

abdominal

cystic

lymphangioma

weighted

single

shot

fast

spin

echo

axial

a

and

coronal

b

abdominal

MRI

demonstrates

the

cystic

nature

of

the

x

x

cm

mass

with

multiple

thin

septa

solid

black

arrows

along

the

lesser

curvature

of

the

stomach

broken

white

arrow

Cyst

contents

are

of

uniform

hyperintenstity

Protocol

T

TE

TR


Figure 2. (A) An example case: a 54-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastasis and treated with metronomic chemotherapy; (a) and (b) are initial abdominal computed tomography scans, which showed a mass in the caudate lobe (a) and multiple hematogenous metastatic nodules in both lungs (b). After three cycles of metronomic chemotherapy, the size of the tumor (c) and pulmonary metastatic lesions (d) had decreased markedly on follow-up computed tomography. (B) Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels before and after metronomic chemotherapy in this sample case. VEGF decreased rapidly even after the first chemoinfusion, while the AFP response appeared after the completion of only one cycle of metronomic chemotherapy.

Figure

A

An

example

case

a

old

man

was

diagnosed

with

advanced

hepatocellular

carcinoma

HCC

with

lung

metastasis

and

treated

with

metronomic

chemotherapy

a

and

b

are

initial

abdominal

computed

tomography

scans

which

showed

a

mass

in

the

caudate

lobe

a

and

multiple

hematogenous

metastatic

nodules

in

both

lungs

b

After

three

cycles

of

metronomic

chemotherapy

the

size

of

the

tumor

c

and

pulmonary

metastatic

lesions

d

had

decreased

markedly

on

follow

up

computed

tomography

B

Serum

vascular

endothelial

growth

factor

VEGF

and

alpha

fetoprotein

AFP

levels

before

and

after

metronomic

chemotherapy

in

this

sample

case

VEGF

decreased

rapidly

even

after

the

first

chemoinfusion

while

the

AFP

response

appeared

after

the

completion

of

only

one

cycle

of

metronomic

chemotherapy


Fig. 1. Poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (2.5 cm in diameter). A, CTA shows hyperattenuating area (arrow). B, CTAP shows hypoattenuating area (arrow). These imaging findings are typical imaging patterns of overt HCC.

Fig

Poorly

differentiated

hepatocellular

carcinoma

cm

in

diameter

A

CTA

shows

hyperattenuating

area

arrow

B

CTAP

shows

hypoattenuating

area

arrow

These

imaging

findings

are

typical

imaging

patterns

of

overt

HCC


Figure 1. (A) Contrasted CT scan of the neck; multiple hypoechoic nodules in both lobes of thyroid gland, with the largest nodules containing cystic component at lower pole of the left lobe (red arrow). (B) Multiple enlarged/matted lymph nodes (white arrow) of various sizes occupying along the left cervical level II-V, left supraclavicular region and left-sided superior mediastinum. (C) Postgadolinium axial T1FS after three-cycle chemotherapy; no significant change of thyroid nodules, the largest node at lower pole of the left lobe (red arrow) but (D) decreased size of the multiple enlarged matted lymph nodes (white arrow) along the left neck.

Figure

A

Contrasted

CT

scan

of

the

neck

multiple

hypoechoic

nodules

in

both

lobes

of

thyroid

gland

with

the

largest

nodules

containing

cystic

component

at

lower

pole

of

the

left

lobe

red

arrow

B

Multiple

enlarged

matted

lymph

nodes

white

arrow

of

various

sizes

occupying

along

the

left

cervical

level

II

V

left

supraclavicular

region

and

left

sided

superior

mediastinum

C

Postgadolinium

axial

after

three

cycle

chemotherapy

no

significant

change

of

thyroid

nodules

the

largest

node

at

lower

pole

of

the

left

lobe

red

arrow

but

D

decreased

size

of

the

multiple

enlarged

matted

lymph

nodes

white

arrow

along

the

left

neck


Figure 1. Computed tomography (CT) scan of kidneys. (A and B) A 6.5x6.2-cm round hypodense mass [48.2-54.2 Hounsfield units (HU)] in the upper pole of the right kidney (non-contrast CT); (C and D) a heterogeneously enhanced mass with a non-enhanced hypodense region in the centre.

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

scan

of

kidneys

A

and

B

A

round

hypodense

mass

Hounsfield

units

HU

in

the

upper

pole

of

the

right

kidney

non

contrast

CT

C

and

D

a

heterogeneously

enhanced

mass

with

a

non

enhanced

hypodense

region

in

the

centre


Fig. 2. Examples of piecewise linear fitting. The measured height signal along non-raster scan paths. (a) The recorded height h(t) (top) is split into N segments onto which linear fitting is used to correct the drift component. A corrected height (bottom) results from subtracting the piecewise linear fit from the original data. Because of tilt flattening distorts many of the topographic features. (b) 500 nm diameter Archimedean Spiral showing the grains of evaporated gold where drift data results in rings (raw). Piecewise linear fitting can flatten these artifacts (N ¼ 300). However, drift related artifacts remain present when too few segments are chosen (N ¼ 30). Height information is lost and topographic features are flattened when too many segments are used (N ¼3000).

Fig

Examples

of

piecewise

linear

fitting

The

measured

height

signal

along

non

raster

scan

paths

a

The

recorded

height

h(t

top

is

split

into

N

segments

onto

which

linear

fitting

is

used

to

correct

the

drift

component

A

corrected

height

bottom

results

from

subtracting

the

piecewise

linear

fit

from

the

original

data

Because

of

tilt

flattening

distorts

many

of

the

topographic

features

b

nm

diameter

Archimedean

Spiral

showing

the

grains

of

evaporated

gold

where

drift

data

results

in

rings

raw

Piecewise

linear

fitting

can

flatten

these

artifacts

N

¼

However

drift

related

artifacts

remain

present

when

too

few

segments

are

chosen

N

¼

Height

information

is

lost

and

topographic

features

are

flattened

when

too

many

segments

are

used

N


Fig. 1. Chest radiographs. (a) A chest radiograph taken 3 years prior to presentation. (b) A chest radiograph taken on the consultation day. Compared with Panel B, chest radiograph after the completion of treatment with amoxicillin clavulanate (c) shows improvements in infiltrations of the left middle and lower lung fields.

Fig

Chest

radiographs

a

A

chest

radiograph

taken

years

prior

to

presentation

b

A

chest

radiograph

taken

on

the

consultation

day

Compared

with

Panel

B

chest

radiograph

after

the

completion

of

treatment

with

amoxicillin

clavulanate

c

shows

improvements

in

infiltrations

of

the

left

middle

and

lower

lung

fields


Fig 2. Autoradiographs from the same sample of rat lung macrophages after inhalation of PuO 2 . Nuclear track emulsion (a), plastic detector TASTRAK™ (b) and iQID autoradiographs (c). Exposure time is displayed on the lower left corner of each image. w: week; h: hours. Nuclear track emulsion technique was done last as it is a destructive endpoint. Three points of origin for appreciation of the spatial relationships and resolution of the tracks via each system are circled together in each frame. Emulsion-and plastic-based autoradiographs were observed with objective 2. The total alpha activity detected in the sample is displayed at the bottom of the iQID autoradiograph as estimated from this imaging technique.

Fig

Autoradiographs

from

the

same

sample

of

rat

lung

macrophages

after

inhalation

of

PuO

Nuclear

track

emulsion

a

plastic

detector

TASTRAK

b

and

iQID

autoradiographs

c

Exposure

time

is

displayed

on

the

lower

left

corner

of

each

image

w

week

h

hours

Nuclear

track

emulsion

technique

was

done

last

as

it

is

a

destructive

endpoint

Three

points

of

origin

for

appreciation

of

the

spatial

relationships

and

resolution

of

the

tracks

via

each

system

are

circled

together

in

each

frame

Emulsion

and

plastic

based

autoradiographs

were

observed

with

objective

The

total

alpha

activity

detected

in

the

sample

is

displayed

at

the

bottom

of

the

iQID

autoradiograph

as

estimated

from

this

imaging

technique


Figure 3 CT images of response to first-line palliative chemotherapy for inoperable and metastatic pulmonary artery sarcoma. (a) A 57-yearold woman with intimal sarcoma after three cycles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride. (b) A 64-year-old man with intimal sarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation after six cycles of vincristine, ifosfamide and doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Figure

CT

images

of

response

to

first

line

palliative

chemotherapy

for

inoperable

and

metastatic

pulmonary

artery

sarcoma

a

A

woman

with

intimal

sarcoma

after

three

cycles

of

pegylated

liposomal

doxorubicin

hydrochloride

b

A

old

man

with

intimal

sarcoma

with

rhabdomyosarcomatous

differentiation

after

six

cycles

of

vincristine

ifosfamide

and

doxorubicin

chemotherapy


Fig. 2 13-year-old boy with corrected TGA and EF 40 %. MRI (bSSFP sequences) in a coronal oblique projection (a) shows a finger-like projection of the IVMS (arrows) into the RVOT; in the sagittal oblique projection (b) through the RV shows the round tip of the IVMS aneurysm in the RV cavity

Fig

old

boy

with

corrected

TGA

and

EF

MRI

bSSFP

sequences

in

a

coronal

oblique

projection

a

shows

a

finger

like

projection

of

the

IVMS

arrows

into

the

RVOT

in

the

sagittal

oblique

projection

b

through

the

RV

shows

the

round

tip

of

the

IVMS

aneurysm

in

the

RV

cavity


Figure 2. Case 1, 47-year-old woman with wandering spleen. (A-C) Coronal CT and (D-F) coronal fused PET/CT images. The normal splenic bed in the left upper quadrant is empty. There is a large soft tissue mass in the left lower abdomen representing an ectopic spleen. There is normal radiotracer uptake within the splenic parenchyma.

Figure

Case

old

woman

with

wandering

spleen

A

C

Coronal

CT

and

D

F

coronal

fused

PET

CT

images

The

normal

splenic

bed

in

the

left

upper

quadrant

is

empty

There

is

a

large

soft

tissue

mass

in

the

left

lower

abdomen

representing

an

ectopic

spleen

There

is

normal

radiotracer

uptake

within

the

splenic

parenchyma


Figure 1: Initial ankle X-rays Figure 2: Initial computed tomography scan (coronal and axial views)

Figure

Initial

ankle

X

rays

Figure

Initial

computed

tomography

scan

coronal

and

axial

views


Figure 4. Antitumor effects and distribution kinetics of infused cells. (A) Serial CT scans of gallium avid tumor in a patient with diffuse large B cell lymphoma who remained in complete remission 60 months after haploidentical immunotherapy in the absence of any additional therapy. Note the slow tumor regression over time. The most recent restaging with PET/CT scan performed in May 2007 was negative for recurrent disease (data not shown). (B) Transient response to haplo immunotherapy as demonstrated by representative serial bone marrow results in a patient with AML. At 3 days after cell infusion, a marked response to therapy is evident, with loss of myeloblasts and some edema. At 14 days after therapy, resumption of normal hematopoiesis is seen, but by 26 days after therapy, the leukemia has returned, and the marrow is packed with myeloblasts.

Figure

Antitumor

effects

and

distribution

kinetics

of

infused

cells

A

Serial

CT

scans

of

gallium

avid

tumor

in

a

patient

with

diffuse

large

B

cell

lymphoma

who

remained

in

complete

remission

months

after

haploidentical

immunotherapy

in

the

absence

of

any

additional

therapy

Note

the

slow

tumor

regression

over

time

The

most

recent

restaging

with

PET

CT

scan

performed

in

May

was

negative

for

recurrent

disease

data

not

shown

B

Transient

response

to

haplo

immunotherapy

as

demonstrated

by

representative

serial

bone

marrow

results

in

a

patient

with

AML

At

days

after

cell

infusion

a

marked

response

to

therapy

is

evident

with

loss

of

myeloblasts

and

some

edema

At

days

after

therapy

resumption

of

normal

hematopoiesis

is

seen

but

by

days

after

therapy

the

leukemia

has

returned

and

the

marrow

is

packed

with

myeloblasts


Figure 3. Two-dimensional echocardiography of the proband. (a) The left ventricular chamber size of the proband is normal, but the left ventricular wall is thickened, measuring between 13 and 18 mm (arrow). (b) There is no abnormality of the left ventricular systolic activity. The left ventricular ejection fraction is 57%. The right ventricular free wall has a thickness of 7 mm (arrow). (c, d) The right ventricular chamber size is normal. Doppler echocardiography shows an impaired left ventricular diastolic function. Pulsed Doppler imaging (E/A>1); Doppler tissue imaging (E′/A′<1) (arrow)

Figure

Two

dimensional

echocardiography

of

the

proband

a

The

left

ventricular

chamber

size

of

the

proband

is

normal

but

the

left

ventricular

wall

is

thickened

measuring

between

and

mm

arrow

b

There

is

no

abnormality

of

the

left

ventricular

systolic

activity

The

left

ventricular

ejection

fraction

is

The

right

ventricular

free

wall

has

a

thickness

of

mm

arrow

c

d

The

right

ventricular

chamber

size

is

normal

Doppler

echocardiography

shows

an

impaired

left

ventricular

diastolic

function

Pulsed

Doppler

imaging

E

Doppler

tissue

imaging

arrow


Figure 5 CT and bronchoscopic findings seen before procedural enhancements: (A and B) A 4 mm granuloma indicated by white arrows on both transverse CT and bronchoscopic images. (C and D) Superficial airway effect indicated by white arrow on the bronchoscopic image with normal transverse CT image. (E and F) A 1.5 mm perforation through carina indicated by white arrows on both coronal CT and bronchoscopic images.

Figure

CT

and

bronchoscopic

findings

seen

before

procedural

enhancements

A

and

B

A

mm

granuloma

indicated

by

white

arrows

on

both

transverse

CT

and

bronchoscopic

images

C

and

D

Superficial

airway

effect

indicated

by

white

arrow

on

the

bronchoscopic

image

with

normal

transverse

CT

image

E

and

F

A

mm

perforation

through

carina

indicated

by

white

arrows

on

both

coronal

CT

and

bronchoscopic

images


Figure 1. Computed tomography (CT) scans of subdural hematoma in the present case at presentation (a), on the day after the first operation (b), on the 6th day immediately before the second operation (c), and on the 24th day (d).

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

scans

of

subdural

hematoma

in

the

present

case

at

presentation

a

on

the

day

after

the

first

operation

b

on

the

day

immediately

before

the

second

operation

c

and

on

the

day

d


FIG. 1. A 55-year-old male patient who received OLT due to HCV cirrhosis. Pre- and post-LT CT show increasing size and number of PCLs. (A) Pre-LT, venous phase axial CT image shows a small pancreatic cyst at the head of the pancreas (arrow). (B) PreLT, venous phase axial CT image shows absence of additional cysts in the rest of the pancreas. (C) At 4 years after LT, venous phase axial CT image shows interval increase in size of the cyst in the pancreatic head from 0.5 to 1.2 cm (arrow). (D) At 4 years after LT, a venous phase axial CT image shows 2 new small pancreatic cysts in the body and tail of the pancreas (2 arrows).

FIG

A

old

male

patient

who

received

OLT

due

to

HCV

cirrhosis

Pre-

and

post

LT

CT

show

increasing

size

and

number

of

PCLs

A

Pre

LT

venous

phase

axial

CT

image

shows

a

small

pancreatic

cyst

at

the

head

of

the

pancreas

arrow

B

PreLT

venous

phase

axial

CT

image

shows

absence

of

additional

cysts

in

the

rest

of

the

pancreas

C

At

years

after

LT

venous

phase

axial

CT

image

shows

interval

increase

in

size

of

the

cyst

in

the

pancreatic

head

from

to

cm

arrow

D

At

years

after

LT

a

venous

phase

axial

CT

image

shows

new

small

pancreatic

cysts

in

the

body

and

tail

of

the

pancreas

arrows


Figure 8. Superior colliculi and tracer dynamics of Patient A. (A) Non-motion corrected image. (B) MAF corrected, (C) LORMC corrected PET images of Patient A, and (D) the corresponding MP-RAGE slice. The red arrows mark the superior colliculi. Uptake is visible only in the motion corrected PET images. (E) Dynamic study of the uptake in the basal ganglia. Error bars show the standard deviation of uptake values in the region of interest. The motion corrected (MAF) time activity curve appears more stable than the non motion corrected time activity curve. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048149.g008

Figure

Superior

colliculi

and

tracer

dynamics

of

Patient

A.

A

Non

motion

corrected

image

B

MAF

corrected

C

LORMC

corrected

PET

images

of

Patient

A

and

D

the

corresponding

MP

RAGE

slice

The

red

arrows

mark

the

superior

colliculi

Uptake

is

visible

only

in

the

motion

corrected

PET

images

E

Dynamic

study

of

the

uptake

in

the

basal

ganglia

Error

bars

show

the

standard

deviation

of

uptake

values

in

the

region

of

interest

The

motion

corrected

MAF

time

activity

curve

appears

more

stable

than

the

non

motion

corrected

time

activity

curve


Figure 5 (A) Structural MRI of one representative control and each semantic dementia patient (coronal view). (B–D) Left languagerelated white matter tracts are rendered as maps of MD in one representative control and all patients (B: ILF; C: uncinate fasciculus; D: arcuate fasciculus; E: fronto-parietal SLF). The colour scale represents the MD values going from lower (dark red) to higher values (yellow to white). Maximum damage is present in the anterior portion of the ILF and uncinate fasciculus underlying the temporal pole.

Figure

A

Structural

MRI

of

one

representative

control

and

each

semantic

dementia

patient

coronal

view

B

D

Left

languagerelated

white

matter

tracts

are

rendered

as

maps

of

MD

in

one

representative

control

and

all

patients

B

ILF

C

uncinate

fasciculus

D

arcuate

fasciculus

E

fronto

parietal

SLF

The

colour

scale

represents

the

MD

values

going

from

lower

dark

red

to

higher

values

yellow

to

white

Maximum

damage

is

present

in

the

anterior

portion

of

the

ILF

and

uncinate

fasciculus

underlying

the

temporal

pole


Fig. 4 A digital atlas: high-resolution display and orthogonal sections. A high-resolution view of the image data, an MRM volume and a Nissl-stained volume from a d100 mouse (shown overlaid), is presented the user, much like a traditional atlas. Small, low-resolution thumbnails are for navigation; b, sagittal, c, transverse (coronal), and d, horizontal sections through two volumes.

Fig

A

digital

atlas

high

resolution

display

and

orthogonal

sections

A

high

resolution

view

of

the

image

data

an

MRM

volume

and

a

Nissl

stained

volume

from

a

mouse

shown

overlaid

is

presented

the

user

much

like

a

traditional

atlas

Small

low

resolution

thumbnails

are

for

navigation

b

sagittal

c

transverse

coronal

and

d

horizontal

sections

through

two

volumes


Figure 3. Response to chemotherapy with CBDCA with nab-PAC. (A) Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission CT images showing liver invasion during conventional chemotherapy with CBDCA plus solvent-based paclitaxel. (B) Plain CT images prior to chemotherapy with CBDCA plus nab-PAC (left); following three cycles of chemotherapy (right), the reduction in the tumor size is shown. White dotted lines show the margins of the tumor. CBDCA, carboplatin; CT, computed tomography; nab-PAC, nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel.

Figure

Response

to

chemotherapy

with

CBDCA

with

nab

PAC

A

Fluorodeoxyglucose

positron

emission

CT

images

showing

liver

invasion

during

conventional

chemotherapy

with

CBDCA

plus

solvent

based

paclitaxel

B

Plain

CT

images

prior

to

chemotherapy

with

CBDCA

plus

nab

PAC

left

following

three

cycles

of

chemotherapy

right

the

reduction

in

the

tumor

size

is

shown

White

dotted

lines

show

the

margins

of

the

tumor

CBDCA

carboplatin

CT

computed

tomography

nab

PAC

nanoparticle

albumin

bound

paclitaxel


FIGURE 1 | (A) T1-weighted axial MR image of the brain showing diffuse cortical atrophy and ventriculomegaly in the left hemisphere, marked in the left central sulcus and precentral gyrus and more prominent on the left post-central gyrus and parietal-posterior area. (B) SPECT axial slices of thechnetium-99m-HMPO brain perfusion scan showing deficient cerebral perfusion in the left posterior parietal-occipital cortex.

FIGURE

A

axial

MR

image

of

the

brain

showing

diffuse

cortical

atrophy

and

ventriculomegaly

in

the

left

hemisphere

marked

in

the

left

central

sulcus

and

precentral

gyrus

and

more

prominent

on

the

left

post

central

gyrus

and

parietal

posterior

area

B

SPECT

axial

slices

of

HMPO

brain

perfusion

scan

showing

deficient

cerebral

perfusion

in

the

left

posterior

parietal

occipital

cortex


Fig. 1 A: Computed tomography (CT) scan on admission revealing subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cisterns and bilateral sylvian fissures. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is clearly apparent on the right side. B: Three-dimensional CT angiogram showing an extrorse saccular aneurysm (thick arrow) of the right internal carotid artery. Changes in threshold level allow identification of the posterior communicating artery (arrows) and anterior choroidal artery (arrowheads).

Fig

A

Computed

tomography

CT

scan

on

admission

revealing

subarachnoid

hemorrhage

in

the

basal

cisterns

and

bilateral

sylvian

fissures

Subarachnoid

hemorrhage

is

clearly

apparent

on

the

right

side

B

Three

dimensional

CT

angiogram

showing

an

extrorse

saccular

aneurysm

thick

arrow

of

the

right

internal

carotid

artery

Changes

in

threshold

level

allow

identification

of

the

posterior

communicating

artery

arrows

and

anterior

choroidal

artery

arrowheads


Fig. 14 Diaporthe oncostoma (CBS 100454). a. Conidiomata sporulating on OA; b, c. transverse section through conidiomata, showing conidiomatal wall; d–f. conidiogenous cells; g. alpha conidia. — Scale bars: b = 225 µm, all others = 10 µm.

Fig

Diaporthe

oncostoma

CBS

a.

Conidiomata

sporulating

on

OA

b

c.

transverse

section

through

conidiomata

showing

conidiomatal

wall

d

f

conidiogenous

cells

g.

alpha

conidia

Scale

bars

b

µm

all

others

µm


Figure 1: CT scan (a) and MRI scan (b) showing exuberant mucosal thickening of maxillary sinus and nose.

Figure

CT

scan

a

and

MRI

scan

b

showing

exuberant

mucosal

thickening

of

maxillary

sinus

and

nose


Figure 2. MRI showed a multi-loculated collection at the distal humerus (upper panel) and the proximal radio-ulnar joint (lower panel). Key: A: ulna; B: radius; C: humerus.

Figure

MRI

showed

a

multi

loculated

collection

at

the

distal

humerus

upper

panel

and

the

proximal

radio

ulnar

joint

lower

panel

Key

A

ulna

B

radius

C

humerus


Figure 1: Axial (a) and sagittal (b) T1-weighted Gd-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on admission, showing a contrast-enhancing sinonasal mass with intracranial extension through the cribriform plate into the anterior cranial fossa. Postoperative axial (c) and sagittal (d) T1-weighted Gd-enhanced MRI demonstrating complete removal of the sinonasal and intracranial tumor d c

Figure

Axial

a

and

sagittal

b

Gd

enhanced

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

on

admission

showing

a

contrast

enhancing

sinonasal

mass

with

intracranial

extension

through

the

cribriform

plate

into

the

anterior

cranial

fossa

Postoperative

axial

c

and

sagittal

d

Gd

enhanced

MRI

demonstrating

complete

removal

of

the

sinonasal

and

intracranial

tumor

d

c


Figure 6. Comparison of images from HR-CT (A-C) and SPCCT (D,E). HR-CT shows a clinical CT scan of a human lung and SPCCT shows the lung of an in-vivo rabbit. Images with green and cyan frames have the same sizes, respectively. Image pixel were 0.56 × 0.56 mm 2 for HR-CT and 0.13 × 0.13 mm 2 for SPCCT. Display window/level = 1700/−600 HU.

Figure

Comparison

of

images

from

HR

CT

A

C

and

SPCCT

D

E

HR

CT

shows

a

clinical

CT

scan

of

a

human

lung

and

SPCCT

shows

the

lung

of

an

in

vivo

rabbit

Images

with

green

and

cyan

frames

have

the

same

sizes

respectively

Image

pixel

were

mm

for

HR

CT

and

mm

for

SPCCT

Display

window

level

HU


FIGURE 2. A 52-year-old woman eventually requiring removal of the bone flap caused by recurrent epidural fluid collection (EFC). A: Computed tomography (CT) scan 5 days post-cranioplasty; EFC is seen in the epidural space. Midline shift is evident, as is the presence of air bubbles. B: Evacuation of fluid through a 5 L catheter. The mass effect with midline shift is resolved. C: Four days after removal of the catheter, a CT image shows recurrent EFC with significant midline shift. D: The collected fluid was removed again with a 5 L catheter. E: Three days after the second trephination procedure, EFC was observed at the same lesion site; significant midline shift and a large number of air bubbles are evident in the CT image.

FIGURE

A

old

woman

eventually

requiring

removal

of

the

bone

flap

caused

by

recurrent

epidural

fluid

collection

EFC

A

Computed

tomography

CT

scan

days

post

cranioplasty

EFC

is

seen

in

the

epidural

space

Midline

shift

is

evident

as

is

the

presence

of

air

bubbles

B

Evacuation

of

fluid

through

a

L

catheter

The

mass

effect

with

midline

shift

is

resolved

C

Four

days

after

removal

of

the

catheter

a

CT

image

shows

recurrent

EFC

with

significant

midline

shift

D

The

collected

fluid

was

removed

again

with

a

L

catheter

E

Three

days

after

the

second

trephination

procedure

EFC

was

observed

at

the

same

lesion

site

significant

midline

shift

and

a

large

number

of

air

bubbles

are

evident

in

the

CT

image


Fig. 13 Ablation planning: MW virtual probe with predicted ablation area (manufacturer specific) overlaying to segmented lesion with 5 mm safe margins covered in axial (13a) and progression view visualization (13b). Fig. 14 Intra-procedural CBCT: wrong MW probe placement (14a, b) with upper zone of lesion uncovered by the predictable ablation area (14b); and subsequent repositioning with all lesion with 5 mm safe margins covered by the predictable ablation area. Fig. 15 Post-procedural CBCT, any complication demonstrated

Fig

Ablation

planning

MW

virtual

probe

with

predicted

ablation

area

manufacturer

specific

overlaying

to

segmented

lesion

with

mm

safe

margins

covered

in

axial

and

progression

view

visualization

Fig

Intra

procedural

CBCT

wrong

MW

probe

placement

b

with

upper

zone

of

lesion

uncovered

by

the

predictable

ablation

area

and

subsequent

repositioning

with

all

lesion

with

mm

safe

margins

covered

by

the

predictable

ablation

area

Fig

Post

procedural

CBCT

any

complication

demonstrated


Fig. 1 A representative x-ray image of complete healing, a before RCT, b a-year follow-up

Fig

A

representative

x

ray

image

of

complete

healing

a

before

RCT

b

a

year

follow

up


Figure 3. (a): Images of a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (Patient 2), (b) Images of a patient with small cell lung cancer (Patient 1). (i) RT planning CT (lung window); (ii) RT planning CT (mediastinal window); (iii) Axial StarVIBE MRI; (iv) Radiotherapy planning CT coronal plane; (v) SpiralVIBE coronal plane (UTE); (vi) SpiralVIBE sagittal plane (UTE).

Figure

a

Images

of

a

patient

with

non

small

cell

lung

cancer

Patient

b

Images

of

a

patient

with

small

cell

lung

cancer

Patient

i

RT

planning

CT

lung

window

ii

RT

planning

CT

mediastinal

window

iii

Axial

StarVIBE

MRI

iv

Radiotherapy

planning

CT

coronal

plane

v

SpiralVIBE

coronal

plane

UTE

vi

SpiralVIBE

sagittal

plane

UTE


Fig. 6. Endoscopic ultrasound-specific stent systems: (A) NAGI stent, (B) Spaxus stent, and (C) Hot AXIOS stent.

Fig

Endoscopic

ultrasound

specific

stent

systems

A

NAGI

stent

B

Spaxus

stent

and

C

Hot

AXIOS

stent


Figure 8 Dynamic ultrasound of the ankle: a: fibular tendons in place; b: during inversion: the tendons are dislocated.

Figure

Dynamic

ultrasound

of

the

ankle

a

fibular

tendons

in

place

b

during

inversion

the

tendons

are

dislocated


Figure 5. Case 2 A and B. Figure; CT of Liver metastasis pancreatic cancer; (A) Before treatment; Thick poorly defined liver-tumor interface with heterogeneous attenuation (arrow), morphology group 3. (B) After treatment; thin partially defined liver-tumor interface with homogenous low attenuation and some peripheral enhancement (arrow), morphology group 2 (Incomplete morphological response).

Figure

Case

A

and

B.

Figure

CT

of

Liver

metastasis

pancreatic

cancer

A

Before

treatment

Thick

poorly

defined

liver

tumor

interface

with

heterogeneous

attenuation

arrow

morphology

group

B

After

treatment

thin

partially

defined

liver

tumor

interface

with

homogenous

low

attenuation

and

some

peripheral

enhancement

arrow

morphology

group

Incomplete

morphological

response


Fig 1. The expression of FOXL2 and p53. (a) H&E: The histological findings of aGCTs including small bland cells with the central round nuclei. The typical coffee bean nuclei with nuclear groove is seen. (b) FOXL2 was expressed in the nuclei of GCTs that were heterozygous c.402 C>G mutation. (c) No p53 staining was found in the sample of Pt #1-#4. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178989.g001

Fig

The

expression

of

and

a

H&E

The

histological

findings

of

aGCTs

including

small

bland

cells

with

the

central

round

nuclei

The

typical

coffee

bean

nuclei

with

nuclear

groove

is

seen

b

was

expressed

in

the

nuclei

of

GCTs

that

were

heterozygous

C

G

mutation

c

No

staining

was

found

in

the

sample

of

Pt


Figure 3. (A) Computed tomography scanning demonstrated a 1.2x1.7x1.0-cm nodular soft tissue lesion with uniform density at the distal stomach (arrow), and gastric stromal tumor was considered in case 3. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric body gland mucosal under x50 magnification. The intramucosal congestion was evident, part of the epithelial tissue was eroded and the complete submucosal smooth muscle layer was visible in case 3.

Figure

A

Computed

tomography

scanning

demonstrated

a

nodular

soft

tissue

lesion

with

uniform

density

at

the

distal

stomach

arrow

and

gastric

stromal

tumor

was

considered

in

case

B

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

staining

of

gastric

body

gland

mucosal

under

magnification

The

intramucosal

congestion

was

evident

part

of

the

epithelial

tissue

was

eroded

and

the

complete

submucosal

smooth

muscle

layer

was

visible

in

case


Fig. 2. Chest pain CT coronary in a 50-year-old male patient with acute atypical chest pain presenting to the emergency department. (A) Short axis and (B) 4-chamber reformations revealed transmural hypodense myocardium (black arrow) in the septal and anterior wall of the mid and apical left ventricle. (C) Axial and (D) oblique reformations revealed the corresponding culprit lesion with a soft plaque with slight positive remodeling (arrow) and thrombus occluding the left anterior descending artery. Subsequent catheter coronary angiography (E) verified the culprit lesion (arrow), which was treated with thrombus aspiration and stenting (F) (arrow).

Fig

Chest

pain

CT

coronary

in

a

old

male

patient

with

acute

atypical

chest

pain

presenting

to

the

emergency

department

A

Short

axis

and

B

reformations

revealed

transmural

hypodense

myocardium

black

arrow

in

the

septal

and

anterior

wall

of

the

mid

and

apical

left

ventricle

C

Axial

and

D

oblique

reformations

revealed

the

corresponding

culprit

lesion

with

a

soft

plaque

with

slight

positive

remodeling

arrow

and

thrombus

occluding

the

left

anterior

descending

artery

Subsequent

catheter

coronary

angiography

E

verified

the

culprit

lesion

arrow

which

was

treated

with

thrombus

aspiration

and

stenting

F

arrow


Fig. 3. Serial CT findings of a dog infected with P. westermani. A. At 30 days, subpleural (long black arrow) and peribronchial nodules (short black arrows in A C) are seen. A small amount of pneumothorax (white arrows in A C) is also seen. B. At 60 days, the size of the subpleural nodule is increased and the peribronchial nodules show cavitary change. C. At 90 days, the size of the subpleural nodule is increased. The cavitary change disappeared in the peribronchial nodule. Note the newly appeared nodule in the right lung (arrowhead). A B C

Fig

Serial

CT

findings

of

a

dog

infected

with

P.

westermani

A.

At

days

subpleural

long

black

arrow

and

peribronchial

nodules

short

black

arrows

in

A

C

are

seen

A

small

amount

of

pneumothorax

white

arrows

in

A

C

is

also

seen

B.

At

days

the

size

of

the

subpleural

nodule

is

increased

and

the

peribronchial

nodules

show

cavitary

change

C.

At

days

the

size

of

the

subpleural

nodule

is

increased

The

cavitary

change

disappeared

in

the

peribronchial

nodule

Note

the

newly

appeared

nodule

in

the

right

lung

arrowhead

A

B

C


Figure 6 Typical imaging appearances of HCC. In cirrhotic liver, HCC (arrows) typically (a) demonstrates hyperenhancement in the arterial phase of low molecular weight Gd contrast-enhanced imaging; (b) appears relatively hypointense to liver in the portovenous or interstitial phase of contrast enhancement (washout) and (c) shows impeded diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (b ¼ 500 s mm À2 ).

Figure

Typical

imaging

appearances

of

HCC

In

cirrhotic

liver

HCC

arrows

typically

a

demonstrates

hyperenhancement

in

the

arterial

phase

of

low

molecular

weight

Gd

contrast

enhanced

imaging

b

appears

relatively

hypointense

to

liver

in

the

portovenous

or

interstitial

phase

of

contrast

enhancement

washout

and

c

shows

impeded

diffusion

on

diffusion

weighted

imaging

b

¼

s

mm

À2


Figure 8. Improvement in image quality between (a) coin cell scan performed at a synchrotron facility for an LMO electrode, (b) Swagelok-type PFA cell, and (c) PEEK cell scans performed with a laboratory micro-CT instrument, Zeiss Xradia Versa 520 for an NMC electrode.

Figure

Improvement

in

image

quality

between

a

coin

cell

scan

performed

at

a

synchrotron

facility

for

an

LMO

electrode

b

Swagelok

type

PFA

cell

and

c

PEEK

cell

scans

performed

with

a

laboratory

micro

CT

instrument

Zeiss

Xradia

Versa

for

an

NMC

electrode


Fig. 5. A 59-year-old female patient fell down and sustained an unstable L1 bursting fracture. A, B, C, D : Preoperative simple radiographs, computed tomography scans demon-strate about 50% canal encroachment, 26° of kyphotic deformity and 60% loss of anterior vertebral height. E : The collapsed vertebra was re-expanded dramatically with postural reduction using a soft roll. F, G, H, I : Postoperative simple radiographs and 3- dimensional computed tomography scans show improved the canal encroachment and anterior vertebral body height to nearly normal status.

Fig

A

old

female

patient

fell

down

and

sustained

an

unstable

bursting

fracture

A

B

C

D

Preoperative

simple

radiographs

computed

tomography

scans

demon

strate

about

canal

encroachment

of

kyphotic

deformity

and

loss

of

anterior

vertebral

height

E

The

collapsed

vertebra

was

re

expanded

dramatically

with

postural

reduction

using

a

soft

roll

F

G

H

I

Postoperative

simple

radiographs

and

dimensional

computed

tomography

scans

show

improved

the

canal

encroachment

and

anterior

vertebral

body

height

to

nearly

normal

status


Figure 3. Case 3. (A) The T1‑weighted soft‑tissue mass was wide and large at the base of the anterior cranial fossa, and the surrounding tissues were extensively destroyed. (B) T2‑weighted signal imaging occurred in the mass. (C) The solid components of the tumor were significantly enhanced.

Figure

Case

A

The

soft‑tissue

mass

was

wide

and

large

at

the

base

of

the

anterior

cranial

fossa

and

the

surrounding

tissues

were

extensively

destroyed

B

signal

imaging

occurred

in

the

mass

C

The

solid

components

of

the

tumor

were

significantly

enhanced


Figure 2 Intraoperative ultrasound during right posterior sectorectomy. (a) The right posterior portal pedicle (*) is in close proximity to the tumour (arrow). (b) Colour Doppler imaging demonstrates loss of flow in the right posterior pedicle (*) after ligation (Fig. 1a), whereas flow is apparent in the right anterior pedicle (**)

Figure

Intraoperative

ultrasound

during

right

posterior

sectorectomy

a

The

right

posterior

portal

pedicle

is

in

close

proximity

to

the

tumour

arrow

b

Colour

Doppler

imaging

demonstrates

loss

of

flow

in

the

right

posterior

pedicle

after

ligation

Fig

whereas

flow

is

apparent

in

the

right

anterior

pedicle


Figure  1.  Top  row: widefield  images  acquired  from  endoscopically normal esophagus with  (A) HD‐WLE,  (B) AFI, and (C) standard WLE.  Middle row: widefield  images  acquired  from  an  early  carcinoma with  (D)  HD‐WLE and (E) WLE; the carcinoma is located at the  12 o’clock position. Bottom row: (F) and (G) show an  AFI  positive  lesion  (arrow)  containing  high‐grade  intra‐epithelial  neoplasia  that was  not  seen  during  HD‐WLE.  (H)  NBI  showed  irregular  mucosal  and  vascular  patterns  and  abnormal  blood  vessels  suspicious  for  dysplasia.  (Curvers W,  van  Vilsteren  FG,  Baak  LC,  et  al.    Endoscopic  trimodal  imaging  versus  standard  video  endoscopy  for  detection  of  early Barrett’s neoplasia: a multicenter randomized,  crossover  study  in  general  practice.    Gastrointest

Figure

Top

row

widefield

images

acquired

from

endoscopically

normal

esophagus

with

A

HD‐WLE

B

AFI

and

C

standard

WLE

Middle

row

widefield

images

acquired

from

an

early

carcinoma

with

D

HD‐WLE

and

E

WLE

the

carcinoma

is

located

at

the

o’clock

position

Bottom

row

F

and

G

show

an

AFI

positive

lesion

arrow

containing

high‐grade

intra‐epithelial

neoplasia

that

was

not

seen

during

HD‐WLE

H

NBI

showed

irregular

mucosal

and

vascular

patterns

and

abnormal

blood

vessels

suspicious

for

dysplasia

Curvers

W

van

Vilsteren

FG

Baak

LC

et

al

Endoscopic

trimodal

imaging

versus

standard

video

endoscopy

for

detection

of

early

Barrett

’s

neoplasia

a

multicenter

randomized

crossover

study

in

general

practice

Gastrointest


Figure 3. CT: (A) coronal venous phase cystic abdomen hypodense lesions with a vague rim enhancement, (B) late venous phase CT the peripherical ring disappears.

Figure

CT

A

coronal

venous

phase

cystic

abdomen

hypodense

lesions

with

a

vague

rim

enhancement

B

late

venous

phase

CT

the

peripherical

ring

disappears


Figure 4. MRI brain demonstrating metastases to brain. Axial (a) and coronal (b) views of the brain demonstrating the presence of brain metastasis.

Figure

MRI

brain

demonstrating

metastases

to

brain

Axial

a

and

coronal

b

views

of

the

brain

demonstrating

the

presence

of

brain

metastasis


Fig. 1 Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showing complete resection and no recurrence in 4 years.

Fig

Pre-

and

postoperative

magnetic

resonance

imaging

showing

complete

resection

and

no

recurrence

in

years


Figure 3 Example of a patient with focal neoplasia (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) in a short Barrett oesophagus (upper left) treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (upper middle), followed by argon plasma coagulation. Following dilatation, no residual Barrett could be found including negative biopsies on 5 follow-up endoscopies. Then recurrence was found after 44 months in a recurrent 1 cm Barrett tongue which was flat, slightly irregular and vulnerable (histology mucosal cancer) (lower two figures).

Figure

Example

of

a

patient

with

focal

neoplasia

high

grade

intraepithelial

neoplasia

in

a

short

Barrett

oesophagus

upper

left

treated

by

endoscopic

mucosal

resection

upper

middle

followed

by

argon

plasma

coagulation

Following

dilatation

no

residual

Barrett

could

be

found

including

negative

biopsies

on

follow

up

endoscopies

Then

recurrence

was

found

after

months

in

a

recurrent

cm

Barrett

tongue

which

was

flat

slightly

irregular

and

vulnerable

histology

mucosal

cancer

lower

two

figures


Figure 1: (a) Magnetic resonance imaging and (b) computed tomography images showing compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery at its origin against the lumbar spine b a

Figure

a

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

and

b

computed

tomography

images

showing

compression

of

the

left

common

iliac

vein

by

the

right

common

iliac

artery

at

its

origin

against

the

lumbar

spine

b

a


Fig. 1 Chest X-ray film demonstrating opacity of the right lung (arrows). Fig. 2A Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest. Fig. 2B Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest demonstrating hematoma extension along the pulmonary artery.

Fig

Chest

X

ray

film

demonstrating

opacity

of

the

right

lung

arrows

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

of

the

chest

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

of

the

chest

demonstrating

hematoma

extension

along

the

pulmonary

artery


Figure 3 Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein in skin tumors of hairless XPA-de®cient mice. (a) Papilloma, showing a linear staining pattern in the basal cell layer. (b) SCC, in which linear staining, similar to that observed in papillomas, is apparent. (c) SCC, predominantly negative for p53 staining, but harboring a patch of strongly positive nuclei. (d) SCC, showing besides linear pattern of basal cells, extensive nuclear staining for p53 in mainly dysplastic cells. Magni®cations: 640 (a); 6100 (b, c, d)

Figure

Immunohistochemical

analysis

of

protein

in

skin

tumors

of

hairless

XPA

de

cient

mice

a

Papilloma

showing

a

linear

staining

pattern

in

the

basal

cell

layer

b

SCC

in

which

linear

staining

similar

to

that

observed

in

papillomas

is

apparent

c

SCC

predominantly

negative

for

staining

but

harboring

a

patch

of

strongly

positive

nuclei

d

SCC

showing

besides

linear

pattern

of

basal

cells

extensive

nuclear

staining

for

in

mainly

dysplastic

cells

Magni

cations

a

b

c

d


Figure 2. Pin-point mixed lesion of the left main and significant lesion of the proximal LAD. (Left panel: axial reconstruction; Right panel curved multiplanar reconstruction.). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067936.g002

Figure

Pin

point

mixed

lesion

of

the

left

main

and

significant

lesion

of

the

proximal

LAD

Left

panel

axial

reconstruction

Right

panel

curved

multiplanar

reconstruction


Fig 1. Sugarcane smut. (A) Scan electron microscopy of S. scitamineum hyphal growth in the sugarcane bud at 5 DAI (1, 2). Fungal sporogenesis and teliospore maturation in the base of the sugarcane whip at 200 DAI (3; 4). Bar = 10 μm. (B) (1) Sugarcane bud at 5 DAI. (2) Base of the whip at 200 DAI. Bar = 1 cm.

Fig

Sugarcane

smut

A

Scan

electron

microscopy

of

S.

scitamineum

hyphal

growth

in

the

sugarcane

bud

at

DAI

Fungal

sporogenesis

and

teliospore

maturation

in

the

base

of

the

sugarcane

whip

at

DAI

Bar

μm

B

Sugarcane

bud

at

DAI

Base

of

the

whip

at

DAI

Bar

cm


Fig. 5. Visualization of a voxel-based statistical analysis. In comparison to the vigilance task, the binding potential (BP) of [ 11 C] FLB 457 decreased during the working-memory task bilaterally in the ventrolateral frontal cortex (panels A-C) and in the left medial-temporal lobe (panel D). Compared to restingstate baseline, both the vigilance (panel E) and the working-memory task (panel F) induced a decrease in the BP of [ 11 C] FLB 457 in the left ventral anterior cingulate gyrus. The results are visualized on a brain model (upper panels) and on an average MRI template image (lower panels). Adapted from Aalto et al. (2005).

Fig

Visualization

of

a

voxel

based

statistical

analysis

In

comparison

to

the

vigilance

task

the

binding

potential

BP

of

C

FLB

decreased

during

the

working

memory

task

bilaterally

in

the

ventrolateral

frontal

cortex

panels

A

C

and

in

the

left

medial

temporal

lobe

panel

D

Compared

to

restingstate

baseline

both

the

vigilance

panel

E

and

the

working

memory

task

panel

F

induced

a

decrease

in

the

BP

of

C

FLB

in

the

left

ventral

anterior

cingulate

gyrus

The

results

are

visualized

on

a

brain

model

upper

panels

and

on

an

average

MRI

template

image

lower

panels

Adapted

from

Aalto

et

al


Fig. 3. Case 3. Preoperative T1-weighted post contrast sagittal magnetic resonance imaging shows an extra-axial enhancing mass centered in the falx cerebri (A). This lesion extended bilaterally with invasion of the anterior and mid superior sagittal sinus. Anteroposterior view of left external carotid artery arteriogram showing multiple arterial feeders to the tumor, mainly from the left middle meningeal artery (B). Anteroposterior view of post-embolization left common carotid artery arteriogram (C).

Fig

Case

Preoperative

post

contrast

sagittal

magnetic

resonance

imaging

shows

an

extra

axial

enhancing

mass

centered

in

the

falx

cerebri

A

This

lesion

extended

bilaterally

with

invasion

of

the

anterior

and

mid

superior

sagittal

sinus

Anteroposterior

view

of

left

external

carotid

artery

arteriogram

showing

multiple

arterial

feeders

to

the

tumor

mainly

from

the

left

middle

meningeal

artery

B

Anteroposterior

view

of

post

embolization

left

common

carotid

artery

arteriogram

C


Fig. 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of patient no. 1. (A) Preoperative MRI showing osteochondral lesion on medial talar dome. (B, C) Eightmonth postoperative MRI revealing tract traversed by bone drilling and evidence of bone edema on medial malleolus. (D) Three-year postoperative MRI revealing presence of cystic lesion (arrow) on medial malleolar axilla.

Fig

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

findings

of

patient

no

A

Preoperative

MRI

showing

osteochondral

lesion

on

medial

talar

dome

B

C

Eightmonth

postoperative

MRI

revealing

tract

traversed

by

bone

drilling

and

evidence

of

bone

edema

on

medial

malleolus

D

Three

year

postoperative

MRI

revealing

presence

of

cystic

lesion

arrow

on

medial

malleolar

axilla


Fig. 2 A 50-year-old male patient presented with kyphosis due to destructive tubercular spondylodiscitis at T8–9 with paravertebral abscess (a–e). After the anterior approach with derbridement, this large defect that occurred after a sagittal profile reconstruction and posterior instrumentation was bridged with a titanium cage and autologous bone grafting (f, g). Three years postoperatively, a loss of correction and a bony fusion were observed

Fig

A

old

male

patient

presented

with

kyphosis

due

to

destructive

tubercular

spondylodiscitis

at

with

paravertebral

abscess

a

e

After

the

anterior

approach

with

derbridement

this

large

defect

that

occurred

after

a

sagittal

profile

reconstruction

and

posterior

instrumentation

was

bridged

with

a

titanium

cage

and

autologous

bone

grafting

f

g

Three

years

postoperatively

a

loss

of

correction

and

a

bony

fusion

were

observed


Figure 1. (A) Axial, (B) coronal and (C) sagittal T1‑weighted images captured 3 years prior to the palpable mass of the cervical spine. (D) The coronal view, Gd‑DTPA‑enhanced image, showing soft‑tissue expansion and the destruction of the adjacent normal tissues, including the right side of the processus transversus, lamina and spinous process. (E) The fat-suppressed image discloses a tumor lesion, and compression of the right side of the spinal cord. (F) The sagittal T1-weighted image demonstrates that the nerve root was being squeezed (white arrow). Gd-DTPA, gadopentetic acid with diethylenetriaminepentacetate.

Figure

A

Axial

B

coronal

and

C

sagittal

images

captured

years

prior

to

the

palpable

mass

of

the

cervical

spine

D

The

coronal

view

Gd‑DTPA‑enhanced

image

showing

soft‑tissue

expansion

and

the

destruction

of

the

adjacent

normal

tissues

including

the

right

side

of

the

processus

transversus

lamina

and

spinous

process

E

The

fat

suppressed

image

discloses

a

tumor

lesion

and

compression

of

the

right

side

of

the

spinal

cord

F

The

sagittal

image

demonstrates

that

the

nerve

root

was

being

squeezed

white

arrow

Gd

DTPA

gadopentetic

acid

with

diethylenetriaminepentacetate


Figure 2. Chest radiograph and computed tomograph taken 40 days after the start of treatment showa diffuse reticulonodular infiltrate in both lungs.

Figure

Chest

radiograph

and

computed

tomograph

taken

days

after

the

start

of

treatment

showa

diffuse

reticulonodular

infiltrate

in

both

lungs


FIG. 3. CT scan of patient 2 before and after therapy with GM-CSF-induced VPLN cells. Top: Two pulmonary nodules present before therapy (circles). Bottom : Complete regression of these nodules. This patient also had complete regression of a mediastinal lymph node involved with tumor (not shown).

FIG

CT

scan

of

patient

before

and

after

therapy

with

GM

CSF

induced

VPLN

cells

Top

Two

pulmonary

nodules

present

before

therapy

circles

Bottom

Complete

regression

of

these

nodules

This

patient

also

had

complete

regression

of

a

mediastinal

lymph

node

involved

with

tumor

not

shown


Fig. 1. Case 1. A: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain on day 1, showing high-intensity signals in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and temporooccipital cortex on both sides of the brain. B: Follow-up diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan performed 10 days after admission, showing newly developed high-intensity signals in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus (arrows).

Fig

Case

A

Diffusion

weighted

magnetic

resonance

imaging

scan

of

the

brain

on

day

showing

high

intensity

signals

in

the

caudate

nucleus

putamen

and

temporooccipital

cortex

on

both

sides

of

the

brain

B

Follow

up

diffusion

weighted

magnetic

resonance

imaging

scan

performed

days

after

admission

showing

newly

developed

high

intensity

signals

in

the

substantia

nigra

and

globus

pallidus

arrows


Figure 2. Photomicrographs showing endoscopic biopsy specimens of the duodenal lesion. (A) Infiltration of tumor cels with lymphoid folicular formation (hematoxylin and eosin, 100×). (B)(C) Immunohistochemical studies demonstrating that the lymphoid nodules were CD20 (B) and BCL-2 (C) positive (100×).

Figure

Photomicrographs

showing

endoscopic

biopsy

specimens

of

the

duodenal

lesion

A

Infiltration

of

tumor

cels

with

lymphoid

folicular

formation

hematoxylin

and

eosin

B)(C

Immunohistochemical

studies

demonstrating

that

the

lymphoid

nodules

were

B

and

C

positive


Figure 3. Patient was presented with cystic thoracolumbar lesion (A). Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (B), (C) show the stalk, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled sac and the bony septum below the stalk level. Coronal T2-weighted MRI (D) and axial computed tomography (CT) scan (E) show bony septum which divides the spinal cord into the 2 hemicords. After the removal of meningocele sac and laminectomy, the bony septum and the stalk became visible (F). The bony septum was removed and the stalk was cut. Proximal spinal cord and both hemicords are now untethered (G). The skin was closed (H).

Figure

Patient

was

presented

with

cystic

thoracolumbar

lesion

A

Sagittal

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

B

C

show

the

stalk

cerebrospinal

fluid

CSF)-filled

sac

and

the

bony

septum

below

the

stalk

level

Coronal

MRI

D

and

axial

computed

tomography

CT

scan

E

show

bony

septum

which

divides

the

spinal

cord

into

the

hemicords

After

the

removal

of

meningocele

sac

and

laminectomy

the

bony

septum

and

the

stalk

became

visible

F

The

bony

septum

was

removed

and

the

stalk

was

cut

Proximal

spinal

cord

and

both

hemicords

are

now

untethered

G

The

skin

was

closed

H


Figure 3. Subsequent preoperative MR sagittal images showing a rupture of the intervertebral disc (A) and axial images showing PLC and extruded disc mildly compressing the left L5 nerve root (B). MR = magnetic resonance, PLC = posterior ligament complex.

Figure

Subsequent

preoperative

MR

sagittal

images

showing

a

rupture

of

the

intervertebral

disc

A

and

axial

images

showing

PLC

and

extruded

disc

mildly

compressing

the

left

nerve

root

B

MR

magnetic

resonance

PLC

posterior

ligament

complex


Figure 3: X-ray left hip joint anteroposterior view showing (a) severe avascular necrosis with a saddle shaped head with a large extruded chunk anterolaterally after 2 years fracture neck femur. Range of motion only 60° of flexion. Severe pain. Harris hip score is 39. (b) Lateral X-ray showing loss of sphericity and extrusion of head anteriorly. Saddle shaped depression is also seen in the centre. (c) After the safe surgical exposure, the head is dislocated with the hip in external rotation. The central depression area with severe damage is seen. The medial portion of the head and the lateral extruded portion have reasonably good cartilage cover. (d) The central depressed portion is resected as a trapezoidal wedge. Part on left is extruded portion. The inner cut edges reveal bleeding signifying intact vascularity and efficacy of the safe surgical approach in preserving blood circulation. (e) The two portions of the head are coapted, fixed with screws. Reasonable sphericity is achieved. (f) A reasonably spherical profile of the head is created. Trochanter healed without problems. Hip range of motion has increased to 90° flexion and 25° adduction and abduction each. Rotations were restored minimally after 12 months. At 2 years after surgery, Harris hip score is more than 95. No pain at all and limp is minimal. (g) Postoperative lateral X-ray shows loss of the anterior bump and a reasonably spherical shape which permits flexion to almost 110° and no impingement in adduction-internal rotation.

Figure

X

ray

left

hip

joint

anteroposterior

view

showing

a

severe

avascular

necrosis

with

a

saddle

shaped

head

with

a

large

extruded

chunk

anterolaterally

after

years

fracture

neck

femur

Range

of

motion

only

of

flexion

Severe

pain

Harris

hip

score

is

b

Lateral

X

ray

showing

loss

of

sphericity

and

extrusion

of

head

anteriorly

Saddle

shaped

depression

is

also

seen

in

the

centre

c

After

the

safe

surgical

exposure

the

head

is

dislocated

with

the

hip

in

external

rotation

The

central

depression

area

with

severe

damage

is

seen

The

medial

portion

of

the

head

and

the

lateral

extruded

portion

have

reasonably

good

cartilage

cover

d

The

central

depressed

portion

is

resected

as

a

trapezoidal

wedge

Part

on

left

is

extruded

portion

The

inner

cut

edges

reveal

bleeding

signifying

intact

vascularity

and

efficacy

of

the

safe

surgical

approach

in

preserving

blood

circulation

e

The

two

portions

of

the

head

are

coapted

fixed

with

screws

Reasonable

sphericity

is

achieved

f

A

reasonably

spherical

profile

of

the

head

is

created

Trochanter

healed

without

problems

Hip

range

of

motion

has

increased

to

flexion

and

adduction

and

abduction

each

Rotations

were

restored

minimally

after

months

At

years

after

surgery

Harris

hip

score

is

more

than

No

pain

at

all

and

limp

is

minimal

g

Postoperative

lateral

X

ray

shows

loss

of

the

anterior

bump

and

a

reasonably

spherical

shape

which

permits

flexion

to

almost

and

no

impingement

in

adduction

internal

rotation


Fig. 4. An example of a stage III, 43-year-old patient presenting with recurrent syncope episode. (A) magnetic resonance imaging showing a 7 cm-sized ‘comma’ shaped thrombosis, extending from the inferior vena cava (IVC) intrahepatic portion to the right atrium. (B) The transthoracic echocardiography showing an intracardiac mass with dynamic movement past the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. (C) Specimen from total abdominal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, and IVC and intracardiac mass removal. (D) One-year follow up showing localized recurrence at right iliac fossa found on abdomen pelvic computed tomography. (E) Specimen obtained from right salpingo-oophorectomy and para-ovarian mass excision.

Fig

An

example

of

a

stage

III

old

patient

presenting

with

recurrent

syncope

episode

A

magnetic

resonance

imaging

showing

a

cm

sized

comma

shaped

thrombosis

extending

from

the

inferior

vena

cava

IVC

intrahepatic

portion

to

the

right

atrium

B

The

transthoracic

echocardiography

showing

an

intracardiac

mass

with

dynamic

movement

past

the

tricuspid

valve

into

the

right

ventricle

C

Specimen

from

total

abdominal

hysterectomy

left

salpingo

oophorectomy

and

IVC

and

intracardiac

mass

removal

D

One

year

follow

up

showing

localized

recurrence

at

right

iliac

fossa

found

on

abdomen

pelvic

computed

tomography

E

Specimen

obtained

from

right

salpingo

oophorectomy

and

para

ovarian

mass

excision


Fig. 2 CT images and the reconstructed model with Mimics. a coronal view of CT images, b axial view of CT images, c sagittal view of CT images, d reconstructed model with Mimics

Fig

CT

images

and

the

reconstructed

model

with

Mimics

a

coronal

view

of

CT

images

b

axial

view

of

CT

images

c

sagittal

view

of

CT

images

d

reconstructed

model

with

Mimics


Figure 6 Electron tomography and 3-D model of endosymbiotic bacteria of Litomosoides chagasfilhoi. A: Tomographic series showing a bacterium in an embryo cell. The bacterium is located in a vacuole (V) near the nucleus (N), and it was possible to observe the outer membrane (OM) and some association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Bar 5 μm). B: 3-D model obtained from a tomographic series (yellow: nucleus, green: symbiont outer membrane, light blue: vacuole membrane and pink: endoplasmic reticulum). C: Tomographic series showing a bacterium and the vacuole membrane (V) in close association with the nucleus (N) of the nematode host (Bar 5 μm). D: Detail of the vacuole (V) and nucleus (N) proximity (Bar 5 μm). E: 3-D model obtained from a tomographic series (yellow: nucleus, green: symbiont outer membrane and light blue: vacuole membrane).

Figure

Electron

tomography

and

model

of

endosymbiotic

bacteria

of

Litomosoides

chagasfilhoi

A

Tomographic

series

showing

a

bacterium

in

an

embryo

cell

The

bacterium

is

located

in

a

vacuole

V

near

the

nucleus

N

and

it

was

possible

to

observe

the

outer

membrane

OM

and

some

association

with

the

endoplasmic

reticulum

ER

Bar

μm

B

model

obtained

from

a

tomographic

series

yellow

nucleus

green

symbiont

outer

membrane

light

blue

vacuole

membrane

and

pink

endoplasmic

reticulum

C

Tomographic

series

showing

a

bacterium

and

the

vacuole

membrane

V

in

close

association

with

the

nucleus

N

of

the

nematode

host

Bar

μm

D

Detail

of

the

vacuole

V

and

nucleus

N

proximity

Bar

μm

E

model

obtained

from

a

tomographic

series

yellow

nucleus

green

symbiont

outer

membrane

and

light

blue

vacuole

membrane


Figure 1: Characterization of the Lifeact-EGFP transgenic mouse islets. A) Schematic representation of the Lifeact-EGFP transgenic construct. Expression of the Lifeact peptide fused to EGFP is driven by CAG promoter [22]. Islets were isolated from Lifeact-EGFP adult mice and cultured either for 3D imaging or perifusion assays. B) Imaging of native Lifeact-EGFP (green) in live pancreatic islets. On the left, representative maximum intensity projection (MIP) of consecutive optical sections of a pancreatic mouse islet cultured for 12 h in the presence of glucose (16 mM); on the right, a single optical section (Single plane). Lifeact-EGFP signal labels all islet cells with a distribution more pronounced at the cellular edges (arrows) than along the cell faces (arrowheads). This is consistent with the labeling distribution observed in individual b-cells upon Lifeact-EGFP adenoviral infection of isolated mouse islets [29]. C) Representative single plane confocal image of whole-mount immunofluorescence staining of Lifeact-EGFP transgenic mouse islets for Phalloidin in red and Lifeact-EGFP in green. Insets show split channels (green and red) of boxed area; arrows indicate overlapping stainings. D) Representative single plane confocal image of whole-mount immunofluorescence of Lifeact-EGFP transgenic mouse islets for glucagon (Gluca, red) and insulin (Ins, blue), in green Lifeact-EGFP. Hoechst 33342 was used as nuclear counterstain. Insets show split channels of boxed area at higher magnification; stars indicate glucagon-positive cells which are negative for insulin. Bar, 10 um.

Figure

Characterization

of

the

Lifeact

EGFP

transgenic

mouse

islets

A

Schematic

representation

of

the

Lifeact

EGFP

transgenic

construct

Expression

of

the

Lifeact

peptide

fused

to

EGFP

is

driven

by

CAG

promoter

Islets

were

isolated

from

Lifeact

EGFP

adult

mice

and

cultured

either

for

imaging

or

perifusion

assays

B

Imaging

of

native

Lifeact

EGFP

green

in

live

pancreatic

islets

On

the

left

representative

maximum

intensity

projection

MIP

of

consecutive

optical

sections

of

a

pancreatic

mouse

islet

cultured

for

h

in

the

presence

of

glucose

mM

on

the

right

a

single

optical

section

Single

plane

Lifeact

EGFP

signal

labels

all

islet

cells

with

a

distribution

more

pronounced

at

the

cellular

edges

arrows

than

along

the

cell

faces

arrowheads

This

is

consistent

with

the

labeling

distribution

observed

in

individual

b

cells

upon

Lifeact

EGFP

adenoviral

infection

of

isolated

mouse

islets

C

Representative

single

plane

confocal

image

of

whole

mount

immunofluorescence

staining

of

Lifeact

EGFP

transgenic

mouse

islets

for

Phalloidin

in

red

and

Lifeact

EGFP

in

green

Insets

show

split

channels

green

and

red

of

boxed

area

arrows

indicate

overlapping

stainings

D

Representative

single

plane

confocal

image

of

whole

mount

immunofluorescence

of

Lifeact

EGFP

transgenic

mouse

islets

for

glucagon

Gluca

red

and

insulin

Ins

blue

in

green

Lifeact

EGFP

Hoechst

was

used

as

nuclear

counterstain

Insets

show

split

channels

of

boxed

area

at

higher

magnification

stars

indicate

glucagon

positive

cells

which

are

negative

for

insulin

Bar

um


Fig. 3 Delayed expansion of ASDH. Note: (A) A thin ASDH was evident on CT at 1 hour after trauma. (B) The hematoma thickened at 6 hours after trauma.

Fig

Delayed

expansion

of

ASDH

Note

A

A

thin

ASDH

was

evident

on

CT

at

hour

after

trauma

B

The

hematoma

thickened

at

hours

after

trauma


Figure 4 Ultrastructural disease correlates with response to ERT. (a) Myocytes with early Stage 1 or 2 ultrastructural disease predominate in the baseline biopsy of patient A, a good histologic responder. Most cells are full of intact myofibrils with lysosomal glycogen tucked in between (4500 Â ). (b) Myocytes with late Stage 3 or 4 ultrastructural disease predominate in the baseline biopsy of patient C, a poor histologic responder. Most cells lack myofibrillar structure and are filled with glycogen lakes and debris ( Â 4500). (c) High-power view of the variation in cell damage ( Â 6500). The upper cell with early Stage 2 disease consists of many intact contractile elements with fraying at the fibril ends and peripheral, membrane-bound glycogen (broken arrow). The lower cell with Stage 4 disease has been completely replaced by cytoplasmic glycogen (solid arrow). Ruptured lysosomal membranes float freely in the lake of glycogen. No contractile elements or mitochondria remain. (d) High-power view of a cell with early Stage 2 disease demonstrates abnormally shaped mitochondria and cytoplasmic glycogen beginning to accumulate between contractile elements ( Â 8500). (e) Satellite cells (red arrow) can be seen, by electron microscopy, beneath the basement membrane adjacent to damaged myocytes (black asterix; EM, Â 10 500). (f) All satellite cells, active and quiescent, express m-cadherin (red cell membrane staining, yellow arrows) but only activated satellite cells express myogenin (green nuclear staining, white arrow). A blue nuclear dye was used as a counterstain for all nuclei. (confocal microscopy, magnification, Â 400).

Figure

Ultrastructural

disease

correlates

with

response

to

ERT

a

Myocytes

with

early

Stage

or

ultrastructural

disease

predominate

in

the

baseline

biopsy

of

patient

A

a

good

histologic

responder

Most

cells

are

full

of

intact

myofibrils

with

lysosomal

glycogen

tucked

in

between

Â

b

Myocytes

with

late

Stage

or

ultrastructural

disease

predominate

in

the

baseline

biopsy

of

patient

C

a

poor

histologic

responder

Most

cells

lack

myofibrillar

structure

and

are

filled

with

glycogen

lakes

and

debris

Â

c

High

power

view

of

the

variation

in

cell

damage

Â

The

upper

cell

with

early

Stage

disease

consists

of

many

intact

contractile

elements

with

fraying

at

the

fibril

ends

and

peripheral

membrane

bound

glycogen

broken

arrow

The

lower

cell

with

Stage

disease

has

been

completely

replaced

by

cytoplasmic

glycogen

solid

arrow

Ruptured

lysosomal

membranes

float

freely

in

the

lake

of

glycogen

No

contractile

elements

or

mitochondria

remain

d

High

power

view

of

a

cell

with

early

Stage

disease

demonstrates

abnormally

shaped

mitochondria

and

cytoplasmic

glycogen

beginning

to

accumulate

between

contractile

elements

Â

e

Satellite

cells

red

arrow

can

be

seen

by

electron

microscopy

beneath

the

basement

membrane

adjacent

to

damaged

myocytes

black

asterix

EM

Â

f

All

satellite

cells

active

and

quiescent

express

m

cadherin

red

cell

membrane

staining

yellow

arrows

but

only

activated

satellite

cells

express

myogenin

green

nuclear

staining

white

arrow

A

blue

nuclear

dye

was

used

as

a

counterstain

for

all

nuclei

confocal

microscopy

magnification

Â


Fig. 18 The superposed CT–PET images for slices 150, 160, and 170 (first row), images of the complementary clusters for slices 150, 160, and 170, treated with imageJ to show edges (second row)

Fig

The

superposed

CT

PET

images

for

slices

and

first

row

images

of

the

complementary

clusters

for

slices

and

treated

with

imageJ

to

show

edges

second

row


Fig. 2 Multiplanar reconstruction of the cardiac CT (ECG-triggered mid-diastolic recording). (A) Two-chamber view of the left ventricle and the left atrium. (B) Four-chamber view. (C) Short-axis view. Imaging shows a spherical space (white arrows) adjacent to the basal lateral wall of the left ventricle (diameter 5.5 Â 3.1 Â 5.0 cm). There is slight contrast medium enhancement in this space. The space can be anatomically localized outside the myocardium and appears not to be connected to the pericardium (asterisks), thus being bordered by the epicardium. CT, computed tomography; ECG, electrocardiogram.

Fig

Multiplanar

reconstruction

of

the

cardiac

CT

ECG

triggered

mid

diastolic

recording

A

Two

chamber

view

of

the

left

ventricle

and

the

left

atrium

B

Four

chamber

view

C

Short

axis

view

Imaging

shows

a

spherical

space

white

arrows

adjacent

to

the

basal

lateral

wall

of

the

left

ventricle

diameter

Â

Â

cm

There

is

slight

contrast

medium

enhancement

in

this

space

The

space

can

be

anatomically

localized

outside

the

myocardium

and

appears

not

to

be

connected

to

the

pericardium

asterisks

thus

being

bordered

by

the

epicardium

CT

computed

tomography

ECG

electrocardiogram


Figure 8. The imaging and edge detection result of complex area1. (a) Original image; (b) edge detection result of the original image; (c) edge-enhanced SAR image; (d) edge detection result of the edge-enhanced SAR image.

Figure

The

imaging

and

edge

detection

result

of

complex

a

Original

image

b

edge

detection

result

of

the

original

image

c

edge

enhanced

SAR

image

d

edge

detection

result

of

the

edge

enhanced

SAR

image


Figure 2 Results of soft tissue x ray examination of the hind paw of AA rats. The swelling in the paw was assessed by soft tissue x ray examination on day 21 as described in ‘‘Materials and methods’’. (A) Normal rat control; (B) PLGA-nanosteroid (100 mg, intravenously (IV)) treated AA rat; (C) BSP (100 mg) treated AA rat; (D) vehicle-PLGA nanoparticle treated AA rat.

Figure

Results

of

soft

tissue

x

ray

examination

of

the

hind

paw

of

AA

rats

The

swelling

in

the

paw

was

assessed

by

soft

tissue

x

ray

examination

on

day

as

described

in

Materials

and

methods

A

Normal

rat

control

B

PLGA

nanosteroid

mg

intravenously

IV

treated

AA

rat

C

BSP

mg

treated

AA

rat

D

vehicle

PLGA

nanoparticle

treated

AA

rat


Figure 5. MRI axial post gadolinium fat suppressed T 1 sequence (a) and sagittal reformatted CT (b) demonstrate resorptive remodelling of the distal phalanx of the fifth toe (arrow). Surrounding soft tissue enhancement (dashed arrow) is noted on the MRI.

Figure

MRI

axial

post

gadolinium

fat

suppressed

T

sequence

a

and

sagittal

reformatted

CT

b

demonstrate

resorptive

remodelling

of

the

distal

phalanx

of

the

fifth

toe

arrow

Surrounding

soft

tissue

enhancement

dashed

arrow

is

noted

on

the

MRI


Fig. 1 (left). Chest radiograph taken in October 1972 , in Case 1, showing a "butterfly" pattern concentrated about the hilus.

Fig

left

Chest

radiograph

taken

in

October

in

Case

showing

a

butterfly

pattern

concentrated

about

the

hilus


Figure 4: Micro-computed tomography images of the spinal fusion performance achieved upon implantation of tantalum implants in different post-operative periods: (A) 2 months postoperatively; (B) 4 months post-operatively; (C) 6 months post-operatively; and (D) 12 months post-operatively.

Figure

Micro

computed

tomography

images

of

the

spinal

fusion

performance

achieved

upon

implantation

of

tantalum

implants

in

different

post

operative

periods

A

months

postoperatively

B

months

post

operatively

C

months

post

operatively

and

D

months

post

operatively


Figure 21 Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. A: the probe is advanced through the biopsy channel, while stabilizing the scope against the mucosa, the probe makes gentle contact with the surface epithelium; B: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) image showing non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE). *goblet cells; C: pCLE image showing BE with high grade dysplasia; D: pCLE image showing early adenocarcinoma arising from BE.

Figure

Probe

based

confocal

laser

endomicroscopy

in

patients

with

Barrett

’s

esophagus

A

the

probe

is

advanced

through

the

biopsy

channel

while

stabilizing

the

scope

against

the

mucosa

the

probe

makes

gentle

contact

with

the

surface

epithelium

B

Probe

based

confocal

laser

endomicroscopy

pCLE

image

showing

non

dysplastic

Barrett

’s

esophagus

BE

goblet

cells

C

pCLE

image

showing

BE

with

high

grade

dysplasia

D

pCLE

image

showing

early

adenocarcinoma

arising

from

BE


Figure 5. Optical image of (a) CO 2 micorbubbles and (b) CO 2 microbubbles with 2% HCT blood. (c) Typical X-ray image of CO 2 microbubbles with 40% HCT blood.

Figure

Optical

image

of

a

CO

micorbubbles

and

b

CO

microbubbles

with

HCT

blood

c

Typical

X

ray

image

of

CO

microbubbles

with

HCT

blood


Figure 1. Gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy. A: The gastric polyps were massive and bled easily. B: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the gastric polyps. Foveolar hyperplasia and small round cells were observed (lymphocyte>plasma cell). The gastric foveola showed an increased complexity of structure and density. C: Multiple polyps were located throughout the colon. D: H&E staining of the colon polyps. Hyperplastic polyps of the microvesicular type were observed, along with mild dysplasia of the gland duct.

Figure

Gastrointestinal

endoscopy

and

colonoscopy

A

The

gastric

polyps

were

massive

and

bled

easily

B

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

H&E

staining

of

the

gastric

polyps

Foveolar

hyperplasia

and

small

round

cells

were

observed

lymphocyte

plasma

cell

The

gastric

foveola

showed

an

increased

complexity

of

structure

and

density

C

Multiple

polyps

were

located

throughout

the

colon

D

H&E

staining

of

the

colon

polyps

Hyperplastic

polyps

of

the

microvesicular

type

were

observed

along

with

mild

dysplasia

of

the

gland

duct