Fig. 1 a, b CT images are showing a lesion of 9.0×6.5× 4.0 cm located on the right adrenal gland. c, d MRI images are showing a multi-cystic lesion on the right adrenal gland. All arrows are indicating the cystic lesion

Fig

a

b

CT

images

are

showing

a

lesion

of

cm

located

on

the

right

adrenal

gland

c

d

MRI

images

are

showing

a

multi

cystic

lesion

on

the

right

adrenal

gland

All

arrows

are

indicating

the

cystic

lesion


Figure 1 Findings from computed tomography. A: Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) shows a 16 mm × 15 mm, somewhat obscure cystic lesion (red arrow) in the pancreatic tail; B: Contrast-enhanced CT shows an 18 mm × 17 mm cystic lesion (red arrow) with a well-defined, hyper-enhanced, thin peripheral rim and a 6-mm nodule during the arterial phase; C: The outer rim appears iso-enhanced compared to normal pancreatic parenchyma during the portal venous phases (red arrow).

Figure

Findings

from

computed

tomography

A

Unenhanced

computed

tomography

CT

shows

a

mm

mm

somewhat

obscure

cystic

lesion

red

arrow

in

the

pancreatic

tail

B

Contrast

enhanced

CT

shows

an

mm

mm

cystic

lesion

red

arrow

with

a

well

defined

hyper

enhanced

thin

peripheral

rim

and

a

nodule

during

the

arterial

phase

C

The

outer

rim

appears

iso

enhanced

compared

to

normal

pancreatic

parenchyma

during

the

portal

venous

phases

red

arrow


Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging [T1-weighted (A) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted (B) coronal images] of the abdomen revealed multiple nodular or lobulated masses in the bilateral kidneys showing low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and inhomogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. There was also a lesion in the first lumbar (L1) vertebra showing similar but more inhomogeneous signal intensity (arrows).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

A

and

fat

suppressed

B

coronal

images

of

the

abdomen

revealed

multiple

nodular

or

lobulated

masses

in

the

bilateral

kidneys

showing

low

signal

intensity

on

image

and

inhomogeneous

high

signal

intensity

on

image

There

was

also

a

lesion

in

the

first

lumbar

vertebra

showing

similar

but

more

inhomogeneous

signal

intensity

arrows


Figure 1. A 38-year-old man with pleural effusion who was diagnosed with pleural paragonimiasis. (A) Chest radiography showed pleural effusion. (B) Chest computed tomography showed pleural thickening with pleural effusion. (C) Subpleural consolidation.

Figure

A

old

man

with

pleural

effusion

who

was

diagnosed

with

pleural

paragonimiasis

A

Chest

radiography

showed

pleural

effusion

B

Chest

computed

tomography

showed

pleural

thickening

with

pleural

effusion

C

Subpleural

consolidation


Fig. 4 Usual MRI appearance of a SEMS-treated CRC. At diagnosis, sagittal CT image (a) shows an endoscopically impassable, ulcerated CRC of the sigmoid colon as segmental mural thickening (arrowhead). After stent placement, sagittal T2- (b) and coronal fat-saturated T1-weighted after intravenous gadolinium contrast (c) MRI images show well-expanded SEMS (thick arrows) with patent lumen devoid of signal, and mural thickening (arrowheads) with T2-hypersignal (b) and positive enhancement (b) corresponding to the treated tumour

Fig

Usual

MRI

appearance

of

a

SEMS

treated

CRC

At

diagnosis

sagittal

CT

image

a

shows

an

endoscopically

impassable

ulcerated

CRC

of

the

sigmoid

colon

as

segmental

mural

thickening

arrowhead

After

stent

placement

sagittal

b

and

coronal

fat

saturated

after

intravenous

gadolinium

contrast

c

MRI

images

show

well

expanded

SEMS

thick

arrows

with

patent

lumen

devoid

of

signal

and

mural

thickening

arrowheads

with

b

and

positive

enhancement

b

corresponding

to

the

treated

tumour


Figure 4 Some results of the automatic segmentation in ‘typical’ cases. The SAATs are enclosed by white contour lines. The MR pulse sequences were STIR, SE, FLAIR, and STIR for subfigures (a)–(d), respectively. (a) The thickness of SAAT could be small compared with the abdominal diameters and arms can be seen in the field of view. (b) The backside inner boundary of SAAT was ‘spiky’ and the cross-section of an abdomen could look ‘flat’. (c) There was an umbilical discontinuity that made the inner and outer boundaries of the SAAT one. The thickness of SAAT could vary significantly with different locations on the same image slice. The cross-section of an abdomen could be like an inverted ‘heart’. (d) There might be low-signal areas inside SAAT. These were real nonadipose connective tissues such as fascia and not one of the imaging artefacts.

Figure

Some

results

of

the

automatic

segmentation

in

typical

cases

The

SAATs

are

enclosed

by

white

contour

lines

The

MR

pulse

sequences

were

STIR

SE

FLAIR

and

STIR

for

subfigures

a)–(d

respectively

a

The

thickness

of

SAAT

could

be

small

compared

with

the

abdominal

diameters

and

arms

can

be

seen

in

the

field

of

view

b

The

backside

inner

boundary

of

SAAT

was

spiky

and

the

cross

section

of

an

abdomen

could

look

flat

c

There

was

an

umbilical

discontinuity

that

made

the

inner

and

outer

boundaries

of

the

SAAT

one

The

thickness

of

SAAT

could

vary

significantly

with

different

locations

on

the

same

image

slice

The

cross

section

of

an

abdomen

could

be

like

an

inverted

heart

d

There

might

be

low

signal

areas

inside

SAAT

These

were

real

nonadipose

connective

tissues

such

as

fascia

and

not

one

of

the

imaging

artefacts


Fig. 1. (A, B) Chest computed tomography shows a consolidative nodule (arrow) in a background of subpleural reticulation and honeycomb fibrosis at both lung bases. Positron emission tomography reveals 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by the nodule. (C) The cut section of the lung showed an ill-defined and gray-tan colored mass (arrow). The background lung was emphysematous and fibrotic. (D-F) Histologic examination shows irregular interstitial fibrosis with patchy lymphoid aggregation, predominant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and occasional obliterative phlebitis. (G) The squamous cell carcinoma component shows keratinization and multifocal dyskeratosis. (H) The adenocarcinoma component was mainly composed of a moderately differentiated acinar pattern. (I) Diffuse spread through air space (arrowheads) and multifocal lymphangitic spread (arrow) of tumor cells are frequently found at the periphery of the mass. (J) Dense fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration are found in the peritumoral area. Multifocal endolymphatic tumor emboli (arrows) are also noted. (K) Both IgG4 and IgG (inset) immunohistochemical stains show diffuse positivity in the infiltrating plasma cells. The IgG4/IgG ratio was over 40%.

Fig

A

B

Chest

computed

tomography

shows

a

consolidative

nodule

arrow

in

a

background

of

subpleural

reticulation

and

honeycomb

fibrosis

at

both

lung

bases

Positron

emission

tomography

reveals

F

fluorodeoxyglucose

uptake

by

the

nodule

C

The

cut

section

of

the

lung

showed

an

ill

defined

and

gray

tan

colored

mass

arrow

The

background

lung

was

emphysematous

and

fibrotic

D

F

Histologic

examination

shows

irregular

interstitial

fibrosis

with

patchy

lymphoid

aggregation

predominant

lymphoplasmacytic

infiltration

and

occasional

obliterative

phlebitis

G

The

squamous

cell

carcinoma

component

shows

keratinization

and

multifocal

dyskeratosis

H

The

adenocarcinoma

component

was

mainly

composed

of

a

moderately

differentiated

acinar

pattern

I

Diffuse

spread

through

air

space

arrowheads

and

multifocal

lymphangitic

spread

arrow

of

tumor

cells

are

frequently

found

at

the

periphery

of

the

mass

J

Dense

fibrosis

and

lymphoplasmacytic

infiltration

are

found

in

the

peritumoral

area

Multifocal

endolymphatic

tumor

emboli

arrows

are

also

noted

K

Both

and

IgG

inset

immunohistochemical

stains

show

diffuse

positivity

in

the

infiltrating

plasma

cells

The

IgG

ratio

was

over


Fig. 1. Imaging findings: (A) Ultrasound of the pelvis demonstrating a 11.7 × 9.6 × 11.8 cm complex mass in the midline of the pelvis extending to the right adnexa (B) Abdominal CT scan demonstrating a 14 × 8.2 × 9.5 cm heterogeneous multi-septated mass with solid and cystic components originating from the right adnexa.

Fig

Imaging

findings

A

Ultrasound

of

the

pelvis

demonstrating

a

cm

complex

mass

in

the

midline

of

the

pelvis

extending

to

the

right

adnexa

B

Abdominal

CT

scan

demonstrating

a

cm

heterogeneous

multi

septated

mass

with

solid

and

cystic

components

originating

from

the

right

adnexa


Fig. 1 a Microscopic imaging (hematoxylin and eosin stain; 4×) of the tumoral proliferation with clear cytoplasm, infiltrating the rectal submucosal. b An abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a 9-cm heterogeneous and enhancing left renal mass with a 3-cm renal vein thrombosis

Fig

a

Microscopic

imaging

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

4×

of

the

tumoral

proliferation

with

clear

cytoplasm

infiltrating

the

rectal

submucosal

b

An

abdominal

computed

tomography

CT

revealed

a

heterogeneous

and

enhancing

left

renal

mass

with

a

renal

vein

thrombosis


Figure 7. Connections of pegs to ribs and the presynaptic membrane. A: Two pegs (red) extend from a rib to the presynaptic membrane viewed in the transverse plane of an active zone. B,C: One or two pegs (red) are connected to each of the several ribs (gold) linked to a pair of primary docked vesicles viewed in the horizontal plane of the active zone. The viewpoint is deep to the ribs, which have been made transparent to show the contact sites of the pegs. D: Freeze-fracture replica from the presynaptic membrane of a mouse neuromuscular junction showing paired double rows of membrane macromolecules (from fig. 2, Fukuoka et al., 1987. Annals of Neurology 22:193-199, Copyright © 1987, Wiley-Blackwell, reproduced by permission). E: A surface model of the presynaptic membrane at an active zone with attached pegs viewed in the same plane and at the same scale as the freeze-fracture replica from the presynaptic membrane in D. The frequency and distribution of peg connection sites on the presynaptic membrane is similar to the frequency and distribution of macromolecules in the freeze-fracture replica of the membrane. Scale bar ؍ 50 nm in D (calculated from reported magnification).

Figure

Connections

of

pegs

to

ribs

and

the

presynaptic

membrane

A

Two

pegs

red

extend

from

a

rib

to

the

presynaptic

membrane

viewed

in

the

transverse

plane

of

an

active

zone

B

C

One

or

two

pegs

red

are

connected

to

each

of

the

several

ribs

gold

linked

to

a

pair

of

primary

docked

vesicles

viewed

in

the

horizontal

plane

of

the

active

zone

The

viewpoint

is

deep

to

the

ribs

which

have

been

made

transparent

to

show

the

contact

sites

of

the

pegs

D

Freeze

fracture

replica

from

the

presynaptic

membrane

of

a

mouse

neuromuscular

junction

showing

paired

double

rows

of

membrane

macromolecules

from

fig

Fukuoka

et

al

Annals

of

Neurology

Copyright

Wiley

Blackwell

reproduced

by

permission

E

A

surface

model

of

the

presynaptic

membrane

at

an

active

zone

with

attached

pegs

viewed

in

the

same

plane

and

at

the

same

scale

as

the

freeze

fracture

replica

from

the

presynaptic

membrane

in

D.

The

frequency

and

distribution

of

peg

connection

sites

on

the

presynaptic

membrane

is

similar

to

the

frequency

and

distribution

of

macromolecules

in

the

freeze

fracture

replica

of

the

membrane

Scale

bar

nm

in

D

calculated

from

reported

magnification


Fig. 1 The enlarged azygos vein continuation of the inferior vena cava. a The azygos vein continuation of the IVC. b The CT scan revealed an enlarged arch of the azygos vein across the aortic arch. c Macroscopically, the diameter of the azygos vein was approximately 2.5 cm

Fig

The

enlarged

azygos

vein

continuation

of

the

inferior

vena

cava

a

The

azygos

vein

continuation

of

the

IVC

b

The

CT

scan

revealed

an

enlarged

arch

of

the

azygos

vein

across

the

aortic

arch

c

Macroscopically

the

diameter

of

the

azygos

vein

was

approximately

cm


Figure 3. Patient 3. (A) Abdominal CT of an enlarged right adrenal gland, indicated by an arrow. (B) Abdominal CT of para-aortic lymph node swelling, indicated by an arrow. (C) Abdominal PET-CT with FDG uptake of right adrenal gland, indicated by an arrow. (D) Abdominal PET-CT of the para-aortic lymph node with FDG uptake, indicated by an arrow. (E) Alterations in the serum CEA levels of the patient. CT, computed tomography; PET, positron emission tomography; FDG, [18F]‑2‑fluoro‑2‑deoxy‑D‑glucose; CEA, serum carcinoembryonic antigen; UFT, tegaful/uracil; CPT-11, camptothecin-11; mFOLFOX6, modified FOLFOX6 regimen (5‑fluorouracil with leucovorin and oxaliplatin).

Figure

Patient

A

Abdominal

CT

of

an

enlarged

right

adrenal

gland

indicated

by

an

arrow

B

Abdominal

CT

of

para

aortic

lymph

node

swelling

indicated

by

an

arrow

C

Abdominal

PET

CT

with

FDG

uptake

of

right

adrenal

gland

indicated

by

an

arrow

D

Abdominal

PET

CT

of

the

para

aortic

lymph

node

with

FDG

uptake

indicated

by

an

arrow

E

Alterations

in

the

serum

CEA

levels

of

the

patient

CT

computed

tomography

PET

positron

emission

tomography

FDG

CEA

serum

carcinoembryonic

antigen

UFT

tegaful

uracil

modified

regimen

with

leucovorin

and

oxaliplatin


Figure 1. (A) (B) Chest CT showing intraluminal tumor (arrow) in the upper trachea. (C) (D) A bronchoscopic examination showing the non-pigmented flat tumor in the upper trachea.

Figure

A

B

Chest

CT

showing

intraluminal

tumor

arrow

in

the

upper

trachea

C

D

A

bronchoscopic

examination

showing

the

non

pigmented

flat

tumor

in

the

upper

trachea


Figure 2. MRI axial and sagittal FLAIR imaging. A, Pre-PCD axial T1 image at time of ataxia onset, 2 months prior to Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 diagnosis (5.5 years ago). Patient had known congenital dilatation of the lateral ventricles, particularly occipital horns. The size of the ventricles remained stable over years with no need for neurosurgical intervention. B, MRI was performed 9 months after onset of symptoms at time of most severe ataxia (5 years ago). It was diagnostic for PCD; T2 image shows cerebellar atrophy with enlargement of fourth ventricle. C, MRI T2 axial image 8 months after acute lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis at time of cytosine arabinoside encephalopathy (1 year ago). Cerebellar volume remained stable when compared to MRI 4 years prior. D, Sagittal image from MRI at onset of ataxia (corresponding to A). Cerebellar vermian volume appears normal. E, On the sagittal image (corresponding to B), there is notable progression of cerebellar vermian atrophy after progression of PCA-1 disease. F, The sagittal image from MRI 1 year ago (corresponding to C) shows no interval change after immunotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Although only a single image can be shown here, when the entire 2 MRI studies (sagittal, axial, coronal images) were compared with our radiologist, they look remarkably similar, including the dimensions of the vermis and fovea. Despite the severe vermian volume loss, the patient has mild ataxia with minimal impact on the quality of daily life. MRI indicates magnetic resonance imaging; PCA-1, Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1; PCD, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

Figure

MRI

axial

and

sagittal

FLAIR

imaging

A

Pre

PCD

axial

image

at

time

of

ataxia

onset

months

prior

to

Purkinje

cell

cytoplasmic

antibody

type

diagnosis

years

ago

Patient

had

known

congenital

dilatation

of

the

lateral

ventricles

particularly

occipital

horns

The

size

of

the

ventricles

remained

stable

over

years

with

no

need

for

neurosurgical

intervention

B

MRI

was

performed

months

after

onset

of

symptoms

at

time

of

most

severe

ataxia

years

ago

It

was

diagnostic

for

PCD

image

shows

cerebellar

atrophy

with

enlargement

of

fourth

ventricle

C

MRI

axial

image

months

after

acute

lymphocytic

leukemia

diagnosis

at

time

of

cytosine

arabinoside

encephalopathy

year

ago

Cerebellar

volume

remained

stable

when

compared

to

MRI

years

prior

D

Sagittal

image

from

MRI

at

onset

of

ataxia

corresponding

to

A

Cerebellar

vermian

volume

appears

normal

E

On

the

sagittal

image

corresponding

to

B

there

is

notable

progression

of

cerebellar

vermian

atrophy

after

progression

of

disease

F

The

sagittal

image

from

MRI

year

ago

corresponding

to

C

shows

no

interval

change

after

immunotherapy

and

systemic

chemotherapy

Although

only

a

single

image

can

be

shown

here

when

the

entire

MRI

studies

sagittal

axial

coronal

images

were

compared

with

our

radiologist

they

look

remarkably

similar

including

the

dimensions

of

the

vermis

and

fovea

Despite

the

severe

vermian

volume

loss

the

patient

has

mild

ataxia

with

minimal

impact

on

the

quality

of

daily

life

MRI

indicates

magnetic

resonance

imaging

Purkinje

cell

cytoplasmic

antibody

type

PCD

paraneoplastic

cerebellar

degeneration


Fig. 1 – Magnetic resonance imaging of Balo concentric sclerosis. (A) Axial and (B) sagittal T2-weighted FLAIR images show typical multilayered concentric ring lesion in the right centrum semiovale. (C) Cerebral blood flow map shows regional hypoperfusion with central minimally increased perfusion within the lesion. (D) Isotropic combined diffusion-weighted image and mean diffusivity map show a ring of relatively reduced diffusion along the rim of the lesion. (F) Directionally-encoded color fractional anisotrophy map shows near-complete loss of normal white matter anisotropy in the region of right corticospinal tract.

Fig

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

Balo

concentric

sclerosis

A

Axial

and

B

sagittal

FLAIR

images

show

typical

multilayered

concentric

ring

lesion

in

the

right

centrum

semiovale

C

Cerebral

blood

flow

map

shows

regional

hypoperfusion

with

central

minimally

increased

perfusion

within

the

lesion

D

Isotropic

combined

diffusion

weighted

image

and

mean

diffusivity

map

show

a

ring

of

relatively

reduced

diffusion

along

the

rim

of

the

lesion

F

Directionally

encoded

color

fractional

anisotrophy

map

shows

near

complete

loss

of

normal

white

matter

anisotropy

in

the

region

of

right

corticospinal

tract


Fig. 1. The preoperative CT scan, showing no signs of lung and heart problem. (A) Coronal view. (B) Axial view.

Fig

The

preoperative

CT

scan

showing

no

signs

of

lung

and

heart

problem

A

Coronal

view

B

Axial

view


Fig. 4. (A) A 64-year-old man with pigment epithelial detachment (PED) secondary to age-related macular degeneration in right eye with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization was injected with conventional dose anti-vascular endothelial growth factor 28 times (ranibizumab 0.5 mg) during a 40-month period. Subfoveal PED persisted with no improvement of visual acuity. (B) Afterwards, bevacizumab 5.0 mg was injected monthly. Three months later, the marked PED noted on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography had resolved.

Fig

A

A

old

man

with

pigment

epithelial

detachment

PED

secondary

to

age

related

macular

degeneration

in

right

eye

with

subfoveal

choroidal

neovascularization

was

injected

with

conventional

dose

anti

vascular

endothelial

growth

factor

times

ranibizumab

mg

during

a

period

Subfoveal

PED

persisted

with

no

improvement

of

visual

acuity

B

Afterwards

bevacizumab

mg

was

injected

monthly

Three

months

later

the

marked

PED

noted

on

spectral

domain

optical

coherence

tomography

had

resolved


Figure 2. Magnetic resonance images in T2 sagittal (A) and T1 sagittal (B) images revealed a hyper-acute epidural hematoma over the T6 extending to the T10 vertebrae. Axial cuts showing epidural hematoma compressing the spinal cord (C). Arrows indicate the epidural hematoma. Axial cut showing polymethylmethacrylate in the left pedicle (D) (arrow).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

images

in

sagittal

A

and

sagittal

B

images

revealed

a

hyper

acute

epidural

hematoma

over

the

extending

to

the

vertebrae

Axial

cuts

showing

epidural

hematoma

compressing

the

spinal

cord

C

Arrows

indicate

the

epidural

hematoma

Axial

cut

showing

polymethylmethacrylate

in

the

left

pedicle

D

arrow


Figure 2. Reveals a high bifurcation of the basilar artery complicated with atherosclerosis and posterior circulation infarction. The patient is 85-year-old man. A, Reconstruction MRA image of maximum density projection of cerebral vessels, from the anterior-to-posterior view. The cerebral artery presents with atherosclerotic changes, the vertebrobasilar artery significantly deviates to right, showing an S shape, reaching the left CP corner area (grade 3). B, TOF reconstruction image of the coronal surface, the basilar artery bifurcation reaches the level of the middle of the third ventricle (grade 3). C, Cross-sectional TOF image. The basilar artery signals are uneven, suggesting mural macro thrombi and atherosclerosis, with a diameter of 8.3 mm. D, E, Cross-sectional SWI images. D, It reveals low mural signal, suggesting mural thrombi (white arrow). E, It reveals the scattered distribution of "black spots" on the bilateral temporal occipital lobe of the brain stem (white arrow), suggesting micro hemorrhagic foci. F, Cross-sectional DWI image, suggesting fresh lacunar cerebral infarction of brainstem and left occipital lobe (white arrow).

Figure

Reveals

a

high

bifurcation

of

the

basilar

artery

complicated

with

atherosclerosis

and

posterior

circulation

infarction

The

patient

is

old

man

A

Reconstruction

MRA

image

of

maximum

density

projection

of

cerebral

vessels

from

the

anterior

to

posterior

view

The

cerebral

artery

presents

with

atherosclerotic

changes

the

vertebrobasilar

artery

significantly

deviates

to

right

showing

an

S

shape

reaching

the

left

CP

corner

area

grade

B

TOF

reconstruction

image

of

the

coronal

surface

the

basilar

artery

bifurcation

reaches

the

level

of

the

middle

of

the

third

ventricle

grade

C

Cross

sectional

TOF

image

The

basilar

artery

signals

are

uneven

suggesting

mural

macro

thrombi

and

atherosclerosis

with

a

diameter

of

mm

D

E

Cross

sectional

SWI

images

D

It

reveals

low

mural

signal

suggesting

mural

thrombi

white

arrow

E

It

reveals

the

scattered

distribution

of

black

spots

on

the

bilateral

temporal

occipital

lobe

of

the

brain

stem

white

arrow

suggesting

micro

hemorrhagic

foci

F

Cross

sectional

DWI

image

suggesting

fresh

lacunar

cerebral

infarction

of

brainstem

and

left

occipital

lobe

white

arrow


FIGURE 2 | DiI labeling of the magnocellular hypothalamic neurons in coronal sections. Low-magnification photomicrographs of the coronal sections of the hypothalamus showing retrograde DiI labeling of the neurons following DiI insertions into the posterior (A,B,C,D) and intermediate pituitary lobes on different prenatal stages. (A) E15, neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SO) and wide space of the anterior hypothalamus. (B) E20, magnocellular neurons in SO. (C) E19, magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nuclei (PV). (D) P9, neurons in the dorsolateral accessory nucleus. (E) P10, neurons in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus after DiI insertion in the intermediate pituitary lobe. Scale bars = 100 µm.

FIGURE

DiI

labeling

of

the

magnocellular

hypothalamic

neurons

in

coronal

sections

Low

magnification

photomicrographs

of

the

coronal

sections

of

the

hypothalamus

showing

retrograde

DiI

labeling

of

the

neurons

following

DiI

insertions

into

the

posterior

A

B

C

D

and

intermediate

pituitary

lobes

on

different

prenatal

stages

A

neurons

in

the

supraoptic

nucleus

SO

and

wide

space

of

the

anterior

hypothalamus

B

magnocellular

neurons

in

SO

C

magnocellular

neurons

in

the

paraventricular

nuclei

PV

D

neurons

in

the

dorsolateral

accessory

nucleus

E

neurons

in

the

periventricular

hypothalamic

nucleus

after

DiI

insertion

in

the

intermediate

pituitary

lobe

Scale

bars

µm


Figure 1 (A) Ileocolonic Crohn's disease findings on CT-enterography with corresponding (B) endoscopic image. The CT scan demonstrates active inflammatory changes, denoted by mucosal hyper-enhancement, bowel wall enhancement, mesenteric hypervascularity, and surrounding fat stranding. Endoscopic images of the distal ileum demonstrate multiple deep ulcers and mucosal erythema.

Figure

A

Ileocolonic

Crohn

's

disease

findings

on

CT

enterography

with

corresponding

B

endoscopic

image

The

CT

scan

demonstrates

active

inflammatory

changes

denoted

by

mucosal

hyper

enhancement

bowel

wall

enhancement

mesenteric

hypervascularity

and

surrounding

fat

stranding

Endoscopic

images

of

the

distal

ileum

demonstrate

multiple

deep

ulcers

and

mucosal

erythema


FIG. 3. Empty CTN phantom imaged with CT. (a) Coronal slice of empty CTN phantom. (b) Region-growing-based segmentation results. In this case, only inserts 1, 2, 4, and 8 are shown. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIG

Empty

CTN

phantom

imaged

with

CT

a

Coronal

slice

of

empty

CTN

phantom

b

Region

growing

based

segmentation

results

In

this

case

only

inserts

and

are

shown

Color

figure

can

be

viewed

at

wileyonlinelibrary.com


Figure 2 Extensive transmural inferior (arrows) wall chronic myocardial infarction assessed using dual energy delayed enhancement computed CT at low (50 keV) energy levels, both using grayscale (A) and color-coded (B) images. Dotted arrows depict an area of subendocardial necrosis. Rest SPECT images confirm the findings (C).

Figure

Extensive

transmural

inferior

arrows

wall

chronic

myocardial

infarction

assessed

using

dual

energy

delayed

enhancement

computed

CT

at

low

keV

energy

levels

both

using

grayscale

A

and

color

coded

B

images

Dotted

arrows

depict

an

area

of

subendocardial

necrosis

Rest

SPECT

images

confirm

the

findings

C


Figure 1: Chest radiography findings. (a) Chest radiography showed no abnormal shadow. (b) Four years later, a large mass was observed in the right inferior mediastinum (arrow).

Figure

Chest

radiography

findings

a

Chest

radiography

showed

no

abnormal

shadow

b

Four

years

later

a

large

mass

was

observed

in

the

right

inferior

mediastinum

arrow


Figure 2. CT findings 2 months before death. The part of the tumor receiving radiotherapy (ar row) (a) and the part that did not receive radiotherapy (b).

Figure

CT

findings

months

before

death

The

part

of

the

tumor

receiving

radiotherapy

ar

row

a

and

the

part

that

did

not

receive

radiotherapy

b


Figure 5. Histological examination of CAR- or d-galN-primed endotoxin shock-induced mice liver. (A) LPS (20 mg/mouse) was administered i.v. to CAR (5 mg/mouse)-primed C57BL/6 mice, and 12 h later, the livers were extirpated from these mice. (B) LPS (0.5 mg/mouse) was administered i.v. to D-galN (20 mg/mouse)-primed C57BL/6 mice. The livers were extirpated after 6 h of LPS injection. (C) Untreated mice were used as negative control. The extirpated livers were fixed in 10%- formaldehyde neutral buffer solution and embedded in paraffin; thin sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Arrow and arrow head represent chromatin aggregation and nuclear fragmentation, respectively. Magnification:6200. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053692.g005

Figure

Histological

examination

of

CAR-

or

d

galN

primed

endotoxin

shock

induced

mice

liver

A

LPS

mg

mouse

was

administered

i.v

to

CAR

mg

mouse)-primed

mice

and

h

later

the

livers

were

extirpated

from

these

mice

B

LPS

mg

mouse

was

administered

i.v

to

D

galN

mg

mouse)-primed

mice

The

livers

were

extirpated

after

h

of

LPS

injection

C

Untreated

mice

were

used

as

negative

control

The

extirpated

livers

were

fixed

in

formaldehyde

neutral

buffer

solution

and

embedded

in

paraffin

thin

sections

were

cut

and

stained

with

hematoxylin

eosin

Arrow

and

arrow

head

represent

chromatin

aggregation

and

nuclear

fragmentation

respectively


FIGURE 1 | Anatomical landmarks on the human supratemporal plane. (A) Lateral view of the left hemisphere, with STG indicated in red. (B–D) Top view of left supratemporal plane, after removal of a large part of the parietal cortex. PP, HG, and PT are indicated in blue, yellow, and green, respectively. Major sulci are outlined in black (FTS, first transverse sulcus; SI, sulcus intermediate; HS, Heschl’s sulcus; HS1, first Heschl’s sulcus; HS2, second Heschl’s sulcus). Panels include hemispheres with one HG, an incomplete separation of HG, and two HG in (B–D), respectively.

FIGURE

Anatomical

landmarks

on

the

human

supratemporal

plane

A

Lateral

view

of

the

left

hemisphere

with

STG

indicated

in

red

B

D

Top

view

of

left

supratemporal

plane

after

removal

of

a

large

part

of

the

parietal

cortex

PP

HG

and

PT

are

indicated

in

blue

yellow

and

green

respectively

Major

sulci

are

outlined

in

black

FTS

first

transverse

sulcus

SI

sulcus

intermediate

HS

Heschl

’s

sulcus

first

Heschl

’s

sulcus

second

Heschl

’s

sulcus

Panels

include

hemispheres

with

one

HG

an

incomplete

separation

of

HG

and

two

HG

in

B

D

respectively


FIGURE 3 3D architecture of the nucleus. (a) Volume-rendered 3D image of a whole, unstained nucleus. (b) Nuclear substructures of chromatin region (blue), nucleolus (~330 nm in red), condensed chromatin (~340 nm in green), and nuclear bodies or speckles (~80 nm in cyan). (c and d) Side and top views of the nucleus are shown. To visualize the nuclear substructures clearly, the nuclear envelope is not displayed. To see this figure in color, go online.

FIGURE

architecture

of

the

nucleus

a

Volume

rendered

image

of

a

whole

unstained

nucleus

b

Nuclear

substructures

of

chromatin

region

blue

nucleolus

nm

in

red

condensed

chromatin

nm

in

green

and

nuclear

bodies

or

speckles

nm

in

cyan

c

and

d

Side

and

top

views

of

the

nucleus

are

shown

To

visualize

the

nuclear

substructures

clearly

the

nuclear

envelope

is

not

displayed

To

see

this

figure

in

color

go

online


Figure 2 Brain MRI. T2-weighted brain MRI in the axial (A and B) and sagittal (C and D) plane showing marked cerebellar atrophy and generalised cerebral atrophy.

Figure

Brain

MRI

brain

MRI

in

the

axial

A

and

B

and

sagittal

C

and

D

plane

showing

marked

cerebellar

atrophy

and

generalised

cerebral

atrophy


Fig. 2 Radiological images of the pituitary lesion and metastatic deposits. a Sagittal section of MRI pituitary post gadolinium showing suprasellar mass and extra-axial metastatic deposit in the posterior fossa with extension into the left hypoglossal canal. b MRI axial sequence post gadolinium showing the intradural extra-medullary cervical metastatic deposit at the level C3/C4

Fig

Radiological

images

of

the

pituitary

lesion

and

metastatic

deposits

a

Sagittal

section

of

MRI

pituitary

post

gadolinium

showing

suprasellar

mass

and

extra

axial

metastatic

deposit

in

the

posterior

fossa

with

extension

into

the

left

hypoglossal

canal

b

MRI

axial

sequence

post

gadolinium

showing

the

intradural

extra

medullary

cervical

metastatic

deposit

at

the

level


Figure 4 In a 48-year-old man with acute aortic dissection, CT image at the level of the distal descending aorta (A) shows a posterior false lumen [F] and a competent partially collapsed anterior true lumen [T]. As the true and false lumens are traced from slice to slice from the chest (A) to the abdomen (B), the true lumen has collapsed completely and the false lumen now occupies nearly the entire aortic crosssection. Both celiac and SMA origins were covered by the dissection flap, which has collapsed up against the front wall of the aorta. The patient arrested and died in the Emergency Department before he could be transported to the angiography suite. At necropsy (C), the celiac and SMA were undissected, but the entire small bowel was infarcted.

Figure

In

a

old

man

with

acute

aortic

dissection

CT

image

at

the

level

of

the

distal

descending

aorta

A

shows

a

posterior

false

lumen

F

and

a

competent

partially

collapsed

anterior

true

lumen

T

As

the

true

and

false

lumens

are

traced

from

slice

to

slice

from

the

chest

A

to

the

abdomen

B

the

true

lumen

has

collapsed

completely

and

the

false

lumen

now

occupies

nearly

the

entire

aortic

crosssection

Both

celiac

and

SMA

origins

were

covered

by

the

dissection

flap

which

has

collapsed

up

against

the

front

wall

of

the

aorta

The

patient

arrested

and

died

in

the

Emergency

Department

before

he

could

be

transported

to

the

angiography

suite

At

necropsy

C

the

celiac

and

SMA

were

undissected

but

the

entire

small

bowel

was

infarcted


FIGURE 2: AP and lateral X-ray

FIGURE

AP

and

lateral

X

ray


Fig. 1 a A cylindrical ROI was positioned manually in the left ventricle (LV) to obtain the time activity curves, LV(t), from the early phase images of the dynamic 11C-acetate PET data. b A whole myocardial ROI was set semi-automatically to obtain the time activity curves from myocardium, R(t), using the last frame images of the dynamic 11C-acetate data

Fig

a

A

cylindrical

ROI

was

positioned

manually

in

the

left

ventricle

LV

to

obtain

the

time

activity

curves

LV(t

from

the

early

phase

images

of

the

dynamic

acetate

PET

data

b

A

whole

myocardial

ROI

was

set

semi

automatically

to

obtain

the

time

activity

curves

from

myocardium

R(t

using

the

last

frame

images

of

the

dynamic

acetate

data


Fig. 3. Computed tomography (CT) images and a fundoscopic examination of Case 1. (3a) After 10 days of chemotherapy, abdominal CT revealed submucosal bleeding of the intestine and obstructive ileus in cross-sectional images. (3b) After 16 days of chemotherapy, a fundoscopic examination revealed a left submacular hemorrhage (arrow).

Fig

Computed

tomography

CT

images

and

a

fundoscopic

examination

of

Case

After

days

of

chemotherapy

abdominal

CT

revealed

submucosal

bleeding

of

the

intestine

and

obstructive

ileus

in

cross

sectional

images

After

days

of

chemotherapy

a

fundoscopic

examination

revealed

a

left

submacular

hemorrhage

arrow


Figure 8. Binding and uptake of FITC-labeled transferrin in control and mutant hSFs. FITC–transferrin was bound to control (A and C) and DAPAT-deficient (patient 3) (B and D) cells at 0°C (A and B) and uptake was analyzed after 10 min at 37°C (C and D). Note that in control cells (C) most of the internalized transferrin is released, whereas in the mutants, as demonstrated by three-dimensional confocal imaging (insets), distinct amounts are still present at the surface and internalized transferrin accumulates in perinuclear, late endosomal/lysosomal structures (D). Bar: 30 µm.

Figure

Binding

and

uptake

of

FITC

labeled

transferrin

in

control

and

mutant

hSFs

FITC

transferrin

was

bound

to

control

A

and

C

and

DAPAT

deficient

patient

B

and

D

cells

at

C

A

and

B

and

uptake

was

analyzed

after

min

at

C

C

and

D

Note

that

in

control

cells

C

most

of

the

internalized

transferrin

is

released

whereas

in

the

mutants

as

demonstrated

by

three

dimensional

confocal

imaging

insets

distinct

amounts

are

still

present

at

the

surface

and

internalized

transferrin

accumulates

in

perinuclear

late

endosomal

lysosomal

structures

D

Bar

µm


Figure 3 Endoscopic full-thickness resection with the full thickness resection device. A: Endoscopic aspect of a recurrence after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection in the ascending colon. B: The lesion is marked and retracted into the resection cap using a grasping forceps. C: Resection bed with over the scope clip in situ. Note the periluminal fat within the clip. D: Resected specimen on corkboard. E: Histopathology: full-thickness resection specimen with tubulovillous

Figure

Endoscopic

full

thickness

resection

with

the

full

thickness

resection

device

A

Endoscopic

aspect

of

a

recurrence

after

piecemeal

endoscopic

mucosal

resection

in

the

ascending

colon

B

The

lesion

is

marked

and

retracted

into

the

resection

cap

using

a

grasping

forceps

C

Resection

bed

with

over

the

scope

clip

in

situ

Note

the

periluminal

fat

within

the

clip

D

Resected

specimen

on

corkboard

E

Histopathology

full

thickness

resection

specimen

with

tubulovillous


Fig. 2 Fetal T2-weighted MRI at 25 0/7 weeks. (A) Sagittal section of the fetus in cephalic position. The enlarged right lung is seen causing diaphragmatic flattening. (B) Axial section of the fetus with the hyperintense cystic structure within the right lung lesion. The left lung is compressed secondary to the mass-effect from the enlarged right lung.

Fig

Fetal

MRI

at

weeks

A

Sagittal

section

of

the

fetus

in

cephalic

position

The

enlarged

right

lung

is

seen

causing

diaphragmatic

flattening

B

Axial

section

of

the

fetus

with

the

hyperintense

cystic

structure

within

the

right

lung

lesion

The

left

lung

is

compressed

secondary

to

the

mass

effect

from

the

enlarged

right

lung


Fig. 1. Radiological imaging of renal veins. (A) Initial contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrating acute thrombus and venous distension within the IVC (solid arrow) and left renal vein (broken arrow). (B) Magnetic resonance venography 3 months later demonstrating patency of the IVC (arrow) and bilateral renal veins (arrow heads).

Fig

Radiological

imaging

of

renal

veins

A

Initial

contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

demonstrating

acute

thrombus

and

venous

distension

within

the

IVC

solid

arrow

and

left

renal

vein

broken

arrow

B

Magnetic

resonance

venography

months

later

demonstrating

patency

of

the

IVC

arrow

and

bilateral

renal

veins

arrow

heads


FIGURE 2. Image analysis process. The lesion (peripheral cholangiocellular carcinoma) appears hypointense on unenhanced T1w image (A) and presents heterogeneous enhancement on dynamic postcontrast scan (B, equilibrium phase). ROI (white dashed line) is manually drawn on DwI obtained at b ¼ 50 mm/s 2 (C) including the entire lesion, and the same ROI is positioned on the corresponding ADC map (D) to calculate mean ADC value.

FIGURE

Image

analysis

process

The

lesion

peripheral

cholangiocellular

carcinoma

appears

hypointense

on

unenhanced

image

A

and

presents

heterogeneous

enhancement

on

dynamic

postcontrast

scan

B

equilibrium

phase

ROI

white

dashed

line

is

manually

drawn

on

DwI

obtained

at

b

¼

mm

s

C

including

the

entire

lesion

and

the

same

ROI

is

positioned

on

the

corresponding

ADC

map

D

to

calculate

mean

ADC

value


Fig. 1. Renal Manifestations of TSC. (A) CT scan of the abdomen in the year 2002, which shows large kidneys with multiple angiomyolipomas and a subcapsular haematoma (double asterisk) in the left kidney. (B) Macroscopic view of the left kidney after nephrectomy; co-existence of RCC (arrows) and angiomyolipomatous tissue.

Fig

Renal

Manifestations

of

TSC

A

CT

scan

of

the

abdomen

in

the

year

which

shows

large

kidneys

with

multiple

angiomyolipomas

and

a

subcapsular

haematoma

double

asterisk

in

the

left

kidney

B

Macroscopic

view

of

the

left

kidney

after

nephrectomy

co

existence

of

RCC

arrows

and

angiomyolipomatous

tissue


Fig. 1 a Quadrant division of macular scan. b Quadrant division of optic disc scan

Fig

a

Quadrant

division

of

macular

scan

b

Quadrant

division

of

optic

disc

scan


Figure 2. ESD of the rectal laterally spreading tumor was performed. (A) Endoscopic findings revealed the laterally spreading tumor in the rectum. (B) Perimeter of the lesion is marked with cautery and a lifting agent (indigo carmine) is injected into the submucosa around the perimeter of the lesion. (C) Submucosa beneath the lesion was injected and then dissected in a free-hand manner using an electrosurgical knife until the specimen was completely resected. (D) ESD specimen of the lesion in the rectum. ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure

ESD

of

the

rectal

laterally

spreading

tumor

was

performed

A

Endoscopic

findings

revealed

the

laterally

spreading

tumor

in

the

rectum

B

Perimeter

of

the

lesion

is

marked

with

cautery

and

a

lifting

agent

indigo

carmine

is

injected

into

the

submucosa

around

the

perimeter

of

the

lesion

C

Submucosa

beneath

the

lesion

was

injected

and

then

dissected

in

a

free

hand

manner

using

an

electrosurgical

knife

until

the

specimen

was

completely

resected

D

ESD

specimen

of

the

lesion

in

the

rectum

ESD

endoscopic

submucosal

dissection


FIGURE 5 | MS vs. SL beamforming source estimates in the beta (13-25 Hz) band. Axial, sagittal, and coronal views (left to right) of group (N = 12) SAM pseudo-F source estimates overlayed on the Colin template. Note that in all images right and left sides are crossed. Color bar indicates PSC degree. Cluster A reveals prefrontal deactivations in two views: the crosshairs in (A1) are on the left anterior medial prefrontal gyrus, and in (A2) on the right subgenual anterior cingulate. Cluster (B) shows deactivation in the posterior medial cortex, with the crosshairs pinpointing the right precuneus. Cluster (C) shows deactivation in the left thalamus; and clusters (D) and (E) deactivations in the right and left inferior parietal lobules, respectively.

FIGURE

MS

vs.

SL

beamforming

source

estimates

in

the

beta

Hz

band

Axial

sagittal

and

coronal

views

left

to

right

of

group

N

SAM

pseudo

F

source

estimates

overlayed

on

the

Colin

template

Note

that

in

all

images

right

and

left

sides

are

crossed

Color

bar

indicates

PSC

degree

Cluster

A

reveals

prefrontal

deactivations

in

two

views

the

crosshairs

in

are

on

the

left

anterior

medial

prefrontal

gyrus

and

in

on

the

right

subgenual

anterior

cingulate

Cluster

B

shows

deactivation

in

the

posterior

medial

cortex

with

the

crosshairs

pinpointing

the

right

precuneus

Cluster

C

shows

deactivation

in

the

left

thalamus

and

clusters

D

and

E

deactivations

in

the

right

and

left

inferior

parietal

lobules

respectively


Figure 3. Hyperpolarised 13 C imaging in the porcine brain. (A-C) Example summed [1-13 C]pyruvate, summed [1-13 C]lactate and k P maps of the porcine brain post saline infusion, respectively. Here no detectable lactate signal is observed post bolus, with [1-13 C]pyruvate appearing in the major vessels of the brain. (D-F) Representative [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]lactate, and k P of the porcine brain post mannitol infusion, respectively. Here lactate exchange is observed globally, post infusion, with a similar distribution of [1-13 C]pyruvate signal in the major vessels as seen in (A). The object seen in the posterior of the pig is the [1-13 C bicarbonate] sphere used for transmit gain and centre frequency calibration.

Figure

Hyperpolarised

C

imaging

in

the

porcine

brain

A

C

Example

summed

C]pyruvate

summed

C]lactate

and

k

P

maps

of

the

porcine

brain

post

saline

infusion

respectively

Here

no

detectable

lactate

signal

is

observed

post

bolus

with

C]pyruvate

appearing

in

the

major

vessels

of

the

brain

D

F

Representative

C]pyruvate

C]lactate

and

k

P

of

the

porcine

brain

post

mannitol

infusion

respectively

Here

lactate

exchange

is

observed

globally

post

infusion

with

a

similar

distribution

of

C]pyruvate

signal

in

the

major

vessels

as

seen

in

A

The

object

seen

in

the

posterior

of

the

pig

is

the

C

bicarbonate

sphere

used

for

transmit

gain

and

centre

frequency

calibration


Figure 6. Initial MR examination in patients with IH (A, C) and follow-up examination after 2 months of steroid therapy (B, D). Sagittal (A, B) and axial (C, D) T1-weighted images after contrast administration. Before treatment, there was an enlargement of the pituitary gland with associated pachymeningeal enhancement (A, C). After therapy, MR images (B, D) revealed regression of previous MR findings; the pituitary gland is normal in size, and the pachymeningeal enhancement had disappeared.

Figure

Initial

MR

examination

in

patients

with

IH

A

C

and

follow

up

examination

after

months

of

steroid

therapy

B

D

Sagittal

A

B

and

axial

C

D

images

after

contrast

administration

Before

treatment

there

was

an

enlargement

of

the

pituitary

gland

with

associated

pachymeningeal

enhancement

A

C

After

therapy

MR

images

B

D

revealed

regression

of

previous

MR

findings

the

pituitary

gland

is

normal

in

size

and

the

pachymeningeal

enhancement

had

disappeared


Figure 1: Patient with hip flexion and internal rotation and X-ray with traumatic bilateral posterior hip dislocation.

Figure

Patient

with

hip

flexion

and

internal

rotation

and

X

ray

with

traumatic

bilateral

posterior

hip

dislocation


Fig. 2 Images of X-ray are shown to illustrate how measurement of vertebral heights (a) and scoliosis/kyphosis Cobb angles (b) were conducted. Numbers in the images were typical readings for these measurements

Fig

Images

of

X

ray

are

shown

to

illustrate

how

measurement

of

vertebral

heights

a

and

scoliosis

kyphosis

Cobb

angles

b

were

conducted

Numbers

in

the

images

were

typical

readings

for

these

measurements


Figure 5. Nuvol umbrosus Navás female abdomen. a, b terminal segments, lateral c callus cerci and trichobothria d ninth tergite and ectoproct, dorsal, divided by deep groove e seventh pleuron and sternite, showing spiracle and texture of integument f callus cerci [a, c, d, e: Brazil, Rondônia, CAT; b, f: Brazil, Amazonas, FS]. a anus c.c. callus cerci g.l. gonapophysis lateralis sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp.d. spermathecal duct S7 seventh sternite T7 seventh tergite T9+e fused ninth tergite and ectoproct.

Figure

Nuvol

umbrosus

Navás

female

abdomen

a

b

terminal

segments

lateral

c

callus

cerci

and

trichobothria

d

ninth

tergite

and

ectoproct

dorsal

divided

by

deep

groove

e

seventh

pleuron

and

sternite

showing

spiracle

and

texture

of

integument

f

callus

cerci

a

c

d

e

Brazil

Rondônia

CAT

b

f

Brazil

Amazonas

FS

a

anus

c.c

callus

cerci

g.l

gonapophysis

lateralis

sg

subgenitale

sp

spermatheca

sp.d

spermathecal

duct

seventh

sternite

seventh

tergite

fused

ninth

tergite

and

ectoproct


Figure 1 Tumor regression after optimal hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy. A: Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MR images. Lung cancer brain metastasis in a 73-year-old male. A large residual tumor (74.6 cm3) obtained after partial removal due to an impending brain hernia was treated with a marginal dose of 27 Gy in five fractions at an isodose of 56% (left). A significant tumor response with no adverse imaging effects was found four months after the administration of conformal radiotherapy (right). The patients’ left hemi-paresis disappeared, and the KPS improved from 60 to 70. B: Contrast-enhanced CT scans (MR images not available for the pace maker implant). Lung cancer brain metastasis in a 52-year-old female. A tumor in the thalamus (10.6 cm3) with perifocal edema was treated with a marginal dose of 31 Gy in five fractions at an isodose of 63% (left). A tumor response was observed seven months after the administration of conformal radiotherapy (right). The patients’ left hemiparesis was ameliorated, and the KPS improved 60 to 70 (walking with a stick 32 months after treatment). C: Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MR images. Breast cancer brain metastasis in a 70-year-old female. A large tumor in the parietal lobe (23.5 cm3) with perifocal edema was treated with a marginal dose of 35 Gy in eight fractions at an isodose of 57% (left). A tumor response was found two months after treatment, Gerstmann’s syndrome disappeared, and the KPS improved 60 to 70. Marginal recurrence was noted 20 months after the first treatment, and the recurrent lesion (1.7 cm3) was treated with a marginal dose of 20 Gy at an isodose of 69% in single-session radiosurgery (center). A tumor response with no adverse imaging effects was found 34 months after the first treatment (right).

Figure

Tumor

regression

after

optimal

hypofractionated

conformal

radiotherapy

A

Gd

enhanced

MR

images

Lung

cancer

brain

metastasis

in

a

old

male

A

large

residual

tumor

obtained

after

partial

removal

due

to

an

impending

brain

hernia

was

treated

with

a

marginal

dose

of

Gy

in

five

fractions

at

an

isodose

of

left

A

significant

tumor

response

with

no

adverse

imaging

effects

was

found

four

months

after

the

administration

of

conformal

radiotherapy

right

The

patients

left

hemi

paresis

disappeared

and

the

KPS

improved

from

to

B

Contrast

enhanced

CT

scans

MR

images

not

available

for

the

pace

maker

implant

Lung

cancer

brain

metastasis

in

a

old

female

A

tumor

in

the

thalamus

with

perifocal

edema

was

treated

with

a

marginal

dose

of

Gy

in

five

fractions

at

an

isodose

of

left

A

tumor

response

was

observed

seven

months

after

the

administration

of

conformal

radiotherapy

right

The

patients

left

hemiparesis

was

ameliorated

and

the

KPS

improved

to

walking

with

a

stick

months

after

treatment

C

Gd

enhanced

MR

images

Breast

cancer

brain

metastasis

in

a

old

female

A

large

tumor

in

the

parietal

lobe

with

perifocal

edema

was

treated

with

a

marginal

dose

of

Gy

in

eight

fractions

at

an

isodose

of

left

A

tumor

response

was

found

two

months

after

treatment

Gerstmann

’s

syndrome

disappeared

and

the

KPS

improved

to

Marginal

recurrence

was

noted

months

after

the

first

treatment

and

the

recurrent

lesion

was

treated

with

a

marginal

dose

of

Gy

at

an

isodose

of

in

single

session

radiosurgery

center

A

tumor

response

with

no

adverse

imaging

effects

was

found

months

after

the

first

treatment

right


FIGURE 3. Transverse sections of the tibialis anterior muscle were assayed for myofi brillar adenosine triphosphatase staining pretreated at pH 4.35. A: Cont group; B: HU group; C: ES group; D: ES+IC group. 1: type I; 2: type IIA; 3: type IIB. Bar = 30 μm.

FIGURE

Transverse

sections

of

the

tibialis

anterior

muscle

were

assayed

for

myofi

brillar

adenosine

triphosphatase

staining

pretreated

at

pH

A

Cont

group

B

HU

group

C

ES

group

D

ES+IC

group

type

I

type

IIA

type

IIB

Bar

μm


Figure 2. A, Computed tomography (CT) shows the filling of the bladder and intestine; B and C, axial CT shows the bilateral lumbar hernia.

Figure

A

Computed

tomography

CT

shows

the

filling

of

the

bladder

and

intestine

B

and

C

axial

CT

shows

the

bilateral

lumbar

hernia


Fig. 2. Case: A 80-year-old woman. (a) Simple radiograph showed a Vancouver type B2 periprosthetic femoral fracture. (b) This patient treated by an osteosynthesis using a lateral plating and wiring. (c) Eleven months after surgery, bony union was obtained. She fell and sustained a femoral fracture at the distal end of plate, classified as Vancouver type C periprosthetic fracture. (d) Postoperative anteroposterior radiographs that was treated with a lateral plating and wiring.

Fig

Case

A

old

woman

a

Simple

radiograph

showed

a

Vancouver

type

periprosthetic

femoral

fracture

b

This

patient

treated

by

an

osteosynthesis

using

a

lateral

plating

and

wiring

c

Eleven

months

after

surgery

bony

union

was

obtained

She

fell

and

sustained

a

femoral

fracture

at

the

distal

end

of

plate

classified

as

Vancouver

type

C

periprosthetic

fracture

d

Postoperative

anteroposterior

radiographs

that

was

treated

with

a

lateral

plating

and

wiring


Fig. 3. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). (A) Magnetic resonance angiography of the left leg with PAES before muscle contraction. The popliteal artery has a regular blood flow. (B) Magnetic resonance angiography of the same leg after muscle contraction. The blood flow is obstructed at the level of the popliteal fossa. (C) Duplex ultrasonography of a patient with PAES before muscle contraction. (D) Duplex ultrasonography of a patient with PAES after muscle contraction. The blood flow is obstructed.

Fig

Popliteal

artery

entrapment

syndrome

PAES

A

Magnetic

resonance

angiography

of

the

left

leg

with

PAES

before

muscle

contraction

The

popliteal

artery

has

a

regular

blood

flow

B

Magnetic

resonance

angiography

of

the

same

leg

after

muscle

contraction

The

blood

flow

is

obstructed

at

the

level

of

the

popliteal

fossa

C

Duplex

ultrasonography

of

a

patient

with

PAES

before

muscle

contraction

D

Duplex

ultrasonography

of

a

patient

with

PAES

after

muscle

contraction

The

blood

flow

is

obstructed


FIG. 7. Ex vivo DTI markers of cortex and white matter abnormalities in a single brain taken 1 day following CCI were compared with fluorescence labeled immunohistochemistry. A, DTI maps for Trace and FA for the whole slice at the level of CCI injury and magnified regions of the DTI maps reveal regions of decreased Trace and FA near the CCI site compared with the uninjured side. B, A low power image of the same brain showing immunoreactivity for MAP2 and Tuj1, both neuronal markers. A decrease in staining can be seen in the same region that shows abnormalities in the DTI maps. C and D, Higher power images of the site show that both MAP2 and Tuj1 indicate reduced numbers of processes. CCI, controlled cortical impact; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging.

FIG

Ex

vivo

DTI

markers

of

cortex

and

white

matter

abnormalities

in

a

single

brain

taken

day

following

CCI

were

compared

with

fluorescence

labeled

immunohistochemistry

A

DTI

maps

for

Trace

and

FA

for

the

whole

slice

at

the

level

of

CCI

injury

and

magnified

regions

of

the

DTI

maps

reveal

regions

of

decreased

Trace

and

FA

near

the

CCI

site

compared

with

the

uninjured

side

B

A

low

power

image

of

the

same

brain

showing

immunoreactivity

for

and

both

neuronal

markers

A

decrease

in

staining

can

be

seen

in

the

same

region

that

shows

abnormalities

in

the

DTI

maps

C

and

D

Higher

power

images

of

the

site

show

that

both

and

indicate

reduced

numbers

of

processes

CCI

controlled

cortical

impact

DTI

diffusion

tensor

imaging


Fig. 2 Computed tomography myelograms revealing severely atrophic cord displaced to the ventral side, and dilated dorsal subarachnoid space. A: sagittal image; B–D: axial images at T-4 (B), T4-5 intervertebral (C), and T-5 (D) levels.

Fig

Computed

tomography

myelograms

revealing

severely

atrophic

cord

displaced

to

the

ventral

side

and

dilated

dorsal

subarachnoid

space

A

sagittal

image

B

D

axial

images

at

B

intervertebral

C

and

D

levels


Fig. 1 Representative slices of CT images performed a before and b after work absence. Areas of bronchial thickening (arrows) are seen at baseline

Fig

Representative

slices

of

CT

images

performed

a

before

and

b

after

work

absence

Areas

of

bronchial

thickening

arrows

are

seen

at

baseline


Figure 8. (A) Axial section of computed tomography without administration of intravenous contrast, showing a voluminous expansive and infiltrating formation with an epicenter in the anal canal and extending to the vagina and the anal cutaneous surface. (B) Following administration of intravenous contrast, a slight heterogeneous contrast uptake by the mass with an epicenter in the anal canal is observed.

Figure

A

Axial

section

of

computed

tomography

without

administration

of

intravenous

contrast

showing

a

voluminous

expansive

and

infiltrating

formation

with

an

epicenter

in

the

anal

canal

and

extending

to

the

vagina

and

the

anal

cutaneous

surface

B

Following

administration

of

intravenous

contrast

a

slight

heterogeneous

contrast

uptake

by

the

mass

with

an

epicenter

in

the

anal

canal

is

observed


Fig. 2. Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography. Endoscopic Retrograde cholangiopancreatography (A: front side; B: from the side) showing the biliary stent (white arrow) outside the dilated common bile duct (grey arrow).

Fig

Endoscopic

Retrograde

CholangioPancreatography

Endoscopic

Retrograde

cholangiopancreatography

A

front

side

B

from

the

side

showing

the

biliary

stent

white

arrow

outside

the

dilated

common

bile

duct

grey

arrow


Figure 3. (a) A balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) MRI image of the aortic root and ascending aorta. There is a spiralling dissection flap which arises 15 mm above the sino-tubular junction and extends into the aortic arch (white arrows). The false lumen contains a large thrombus (asterisk). A jet of mild aortic regurgitation can also be observed (black arrow). (b) MR angiogram (MRA) shows the thrombus as a filling defect within the false lumen of the proximal ascending aorta (asterisk). The dissection flap in the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta is clearly seen (white arrows). (c) MRA reconstruction allows 3D visualization of the course of the dissection from its origin into the descending aorta (white arrows).

Figure

a

A

balanced

steady

state

free

precession

bSSFP

MRI

image

of

the

aortic

root

and

ascending

aorta

There

is

a

spiralling

dissection

flap

which

arises

mm

above

the

sino

tubular

junction

and

extends

into

the

aortic

arch

white

arrows

The

false

lumen

contains

a

large

thrombus

asterisk

A

jet

of

mild

aortic

regurgitation

can

also

be

observed

black

arrow

b

MR

angiogram

MRA

shows

the

thrombus

as

a

filling

defect

within

the

false

lumen

of

the

proximal

ascending

aorta

asterisk

The

dissection

flap

in

the

aortic

arch

and

proximal

descending

aorta

is

clearly

seen

white

arrows

c

MRA

reconstruction

allows

visualization

of

the

course

of

the

dissection

from

its

origin

into

the

descending

aorta

white

arrows


Fig. 1 ICG fluorescence imaging. a Transcutaneous real-time lymphography for detection of the SLN after injection of ICG (left upper site). The lymphatic vessel (arrows) and the SLN are displayed. b The end of the lymphatic vessels with the SLN is marked on the skin for excision

Fig

ICG

fluorescence

imaging

a

Transcutaneous

real

time

lymphography

for

detection

of

the

SLN

after

injection

of

ICG

left

upper

site

The

lymphatic

vessel

arrows

and

the

SLN

are

displayed

b

The

end

of

the

lymphatic

vessels

with

the

SLN

is

marked

on

the

skin

for

excision


Fig. 1 A 45~ 50-year-old patient with tumor recurrence/persistence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in a regional lymph node. Before thyroid surgery, a longitudinal gray-scale sonogram (a) showed a primary PTC in the right lobe (9.6 mm in the largest diameter). On the 44-month follow-up ultrasonography after total thyroidectomy, transverse (b) and longitudinal (c) gray-scale sonograms showed a suspicious lymph node with intranodal microcalcifications and diffusely increased echogenicity in the right lower neck (arrows, 6.6 × 8.2 × 11.0 mm). On the transverse color-Doppler sonogram (d), a suspicious lymph node showed an increased vascularity. After US-guided fine-needle aspiration for this node, nodal metastasis of PTC was diagnosed on cytology. After consecutive nodal dissection, nodal metastasis was confirmed on histopathological analysis

Fig

A

old

patient

with

tumor

recurrence

persistence

of

papillary

thyroid

carcinoma

PTC

in

a

regional

lymph

node

Before

thyroid

surgery

a

longitudinal

gray

scale

sonogram

a

showed

a

primary

PTC

in

the

right

lobe

mm

in

the

largest

diameter

On

the

follow

up

ultrasonography

after

total

thyroidectomy

transverse

b

and

longitudinal

c

gray

scale

sonograms

showed

a

suspicious

lymph

node

with

intranodal

microcalcifications

and

diffusely

increased

echogenicity

in

the

right

lower

neck

arrows

mm

On

the

transverse

color

Doppler

sonogram

d

a

suspicious

lymph

node

showed

an

increased

vascularity

After

US

guided

fine

needle

aspiration

for

this

node

nodal

metastasis

of

PTC

was

diagnosed

on

cytology

After

consecutive

nodal

dissection

nodal

metastasis

was

confirmed

on

histopathological

analysis


Fig. 3 – (A) The contrast-enhanced CT 10 months after stenting. (B) The contrast-enhanced CT 5 years after intervention. CT, computed tomography.

Fig

A

The

contrast

enhanced

CT

months

after

stenting

B

The

contrast

enhanced

CT

years

after

intervention

CT

computed

tomography


Fig. 1. Imaging of a patient during the “Versatile approach”. (A) Preoperative image showing D5–D7 tuberculosis of the spine with D6 vertebra collapse and localized kyphosis of 40°. (B) Postoperative X-ray (lateral view) showing kyphosis correction. Anterior reconstruction was performed using a tricortical bone graft. Part of the excised rib was used as an onlay graft (arrow). (C) X-ray at 1 year follow-up, showing anterior fusion. The onlay graft has fused with the vertebral bodies (arrow).

Fig

Imaging

of

a

patient

during

the

Versatile

approach

A

Preoperative

image

showing

tuberculosis

of

the

spine

with

vertebra

collapse

and

localized

kyphosis

of

B

Postoperative

X

ray

lateral

view

showing

kyphosis

correction

Anterior

reconstruction

was

performed

using

a

tricortical

bone

graft

Part

of

the

excised

rib

was

used

as

an

onlay

graft

arrow

C

X

ray

at

year

follow

up

showing

anterior

fusion

The

onlay

graft

has

fused

with

the

vertebral

bodies

arrow


Fig. 1 a T1-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging showing a lesion isointense to muscle which displaced pons and medulla posteriorly and with a small nasopharyngeal component (arrow). b Post-contrast axial T1-weighted image showed mild enhancement (arrow). c Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showing bright signal (arrows). d Restricted diffusion with bright diffusion-weighted imaging signal (arrow). e Restricted diffusion with dark apparent diffusion coefficient signal (arrow)

Fig

a

sagittal

magnetic

resonance

imaging

showing

a

lesion

isointense

to

muscle

which

displaced

pons

and

medulla

posteriorly

and

with

a

small

nasopharyngeal

component

arrow

b

Post

contrast

axial

image

showed

mild

enhancement

arrow

c

Axial

magnetic

resonance

imaging

showing

bright

signal

arrows

d

Restricted

diffusion

with

bright

diffusion

weighted

imaging

signal

arrow

e

Restricted

diffusion

with

dark

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

signal

arrow


Fig. 2 Sagittal and coronal MIP images (a ) of 18 F-NaF PET/CT performed because of severe back pain following the fourth cycle of chemotherapy demonstrate metastases in the thoracic vertebrae (black arrow) and sternum (white arrow). Sternum metastasis is also evident on axial PET/CT images (b ). Metastatic pulmonary lesion in the

Fig

Sagittal

and

coronal

MIP

images

a

of

F

NaF

PET

CT

performed

because

of

severe

back

pain

following

the

fourth

cycle

of

chemotherapy

demonstrate

metastases

in

the

thoracic

vertebrae

black

arrow

and

sternum

white

arrow

Sternum

metastasis

is

also

evident

on

axial

PET

CT

images

b

Metastatic

pulmonary

lesion

in

the


FIG. 1. MRI images of a large intruder sphere (D 25 mm) rising in a bed of smaller particles. Images are vertical cuts through the center of the container. (a) Layered bed and starting position of the intruder before shaking. (b) -(d) Size separation in the presence of convection for intruders of three different densities at ÿ 5, f 13 Hz: (b) = m 0:08 after 23 taps; (c) = m 0:44 after 30 taps; and (d) = m 2:33 after 11 taps. Here m 1:10 g=ml is the average density of individual seeds. The average seed diameter is 0.8 mm.

FIG

MRI

images

of

a

large

intruder

sphere

D

mm

rising

in

a

bed

of

smaller

particles

Images

are

vertical

cuts

through

the

center

of

the

container

a

Layered

bed

and

starting

position

of

the

intruder

before

shaking

b

-(d

Size

separation

in

the

presence

of

convection

for

intruders

of

three

different

densities

at

ÿ

f

Hz

b

m

after

taps

c

m

after

taps

and

d

m

after

taps

Here

m

g

ml

is

the

average

density

of

individual

seeds

The

average

seed

diameter

is

mm


Figure 1. CLSM images of wild-type A. thaliana roots after staining with FM4-64 (a) or after tubulin immunostaining (bf). (a) CLSM longitudinal section through the root tip, illustrating the apical root zones. (b) Cortical microtubules are predominantly transverse in interphase cells of the meristematic zone. (c) In cells that have just divided (arrow) microtubules are randomly oriented. (d) The arrow points a cell close to the quiescent center, dividing almost parallel to the root axis. (e, f) Microtubule organization in protodermal cells of the meristematic zone (marked by arrows). (e) Maximum projection of CLSM sections of the external periclinal cell face. Cortical microtubules exhibit a loose longitudinal orientation. (f) CLSM section through the inner periclinal cell face, where cortical microtubules are transverse. The root tip in these images as well as in the following ones is located towards the bottom of the page. Scale bars, 20 μm. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082442.g001

Figure

CLSM

images

of

wild

type

A.

thaliana

roots

after

staining

with

a

or

after

tubulin

immunostaining

bf

a

CLSM

longitudinal

section

through

the

root

tip

illustrating

the

apical

root

zones

b

Cortical

microtubules

are

predominantly

transverse

in

interphase

cells

of

the

meristematic

zone

c

In

cells

that

have

just

divided

arrow

microtubules

are

randomly

oriented

d

The

arrow

points

a

cell

close

to

the

quiescent

center

dividing

almost

parallel

to

the

root

axis

e

f

Microtubule

organization

in

protodermal

cells

of

the

meristematic

zone

marked

by

arrows

e

Maximum

projection

of

CLSM

sections

of

the

external

periclinal

cell

face

Cortical

microtubules

exhibit

a

loose

longitudinal

orientation

f

CLSM

section

through

the

inner

periclinal

cell

face

where

cortical

microtubules

are

transverse

The

root

tip

in

these

images

as

well

as

in

the

following

ones

is

located

towards

the

bottom

of

the

page

Scale

bars

μm

doi


Figure 3 Sagittal (a) T2-weighted and transverse (b) T2-weighted at the level of mid-C2 magnetic resonance imaging scans of the cervical spine obtained 4 months after initial presentation following recurrence of clinical signs. The intramedullary lesion seen dorsal to the dens is still present (arrow), with a diffuse T2-weighted hyperintense midline intramedullary lesion seen in the dorsal cord at the level of C2 (arrowhead), suspected to represent early syrinx formation

Figure

Sagittal

a

and

transverse

b

at

the

level

of

mid

magnetic

resonance

imaging

scans

of

the

cervical

spine

obtained

months

after

initial

presentation

following

recurrence

of

clinical

signs

The

intramedullary

lesion

seen

dorsal

to

the

dens

is

still

present

arrow

with

a

diffuse

hyperintense

midline

intramedullary

lesion

seen

in

the

dorsal

cord

at

the

level

of

arrowhead

suspected

to

represent

early

syrinx

formation


Fig. 3. (A) Chest X-ray taken during the second lavage procedure shows a newly developed right-side pneumothorax. (B) Chest X-ray taken after chest-tube insertion shows that the right-side pneumothorax had decreased.

Fig

A

Chest

X

ray

taken

during

the

second

lavage

procedure

shows

a

newly

developed

right

side

pneumothorax

B

Chest

X

ray

taken

after

chest

tube

insertion

shows

that

the

right

side

pneumothorax

had

decreased


FIGURE 2. 18 F-FDG PET/CT of patient with community-acquired S. aureus bacteremia and proven endocarditis, presenting with fever, heart failure, and new cardiac murmur (aortic valve insufficiency). 18 F-FDG PET/CT detected accumulation in left common iliac artery (arrow) due to clinically silent mycotic aneurysm. This finding resulted in prolonged treatment with antibiotics and monitoring of aneurysm size. Coronal sections are shown for 18 F-FDG PET (A), CT (B), and integrated 18 F-FDG PET/CT (C).

FIGURE

F

FDG

PET

CT

of

patient

with

community

acquired

S.

aureus

bacteremia

and

proven

endocarditis

presenting

with

fever

heart

failure

and

new

cardiac

murmur

aortic

valve

insufficiency

F

FDG

PET

CT

detected

accumulation

in

left

common

iliac

artery

arrow

due

to

clinically

silent

mycotic

aneurysm

This

finding

resulted

in

prolonged

treatment

with

antibiotics

and

monitoring

of

aneurysm

size

Coronal

sections

are

shown

for

F

FDG

PET

A

CT

B

and

integrated

F

FDG

PET

CT

C


Figure 4. Morphological characterization of a G4/ECO/pDNA N/N/P ratio 3/3/1 formulation. (a) 2D image from a tapping mode AFM scan. (b) Corresponding 3D image from the same tapping mode AFM scan. (c) TEM image of dry form G4/ECO/pDNA N/N/P ratio 3/3/1 particles.

Figure

Morphological

characterization

of

a

ECO

pDNA

N

N

P

ratio

formulation

a

image

from

a

tapping

mode

AFM

scan

b

Corresponding

image

from

the

same

tapping

mode

AFM

scan

c

TEM

image

of

dry

form

ECO

pDNA

N

N

P

ratio

particles


Fig. 2. (A) A transverse CT scan showing a pseudoaneurysmal formation arising from the ascending aorta and subcutaneously passing through the broken sternum. (B) A lateral CT scan showing the neck of the pseudoaneurysm below the origin of the innominate artery.

Fig

A

A

transverse

CT

scan

showing

a

pseudoaneurysmal

formation

arising

from

the

ascending

aorta

and

subcutaneously

passing

through

the

broken

sternum

B

A

lateral

CT

scan

showing

the

neck

of

the

pseudoaneurysm

below

the

origin

of

the

innominate

artery


FIGURE 8 Transverse sections of lengthened fibers . (a) A fiber with sarcomere length of 9 .4 Am . Misalignment of thick filaments is seen as isolated groups occurring in regions otherwise populated mainly by thin filaments. H, A-I, and I bands are apparent . X 40,000 . (b) Transverse section of portion of a myofibril with sarcomere length of 9 .4 µm . H, A-I, and I band regions are seen . Note occasional intrusion of thin filament into H zone . X 130,000 .

FIGURE

Transverse

sections

of

lengthened

fibers

a

A

fiber

with

sarcomere

length

of

Am

Misalignment

of

thick

filaments

is

seen

as

isolated

groups

occurring

in

regions

otherwise

populated

mainly

by

thin

filaments

H

A

I

and

I

bands

are

apparent

X

b

Transverse

section

of

portion

of

a

myofibril

with

sarcomere

length

of

µm

H

A

I

and

I

band

regions

are

seen

Note

occasional

intrusion

of

thin

filament

into

H

zone

X


FIGURE 1. Examples of the high-resolution computed tomography scan semi-quantitative scoring system. Each panel contains a characteristic upper and lower lobe slice of a patient scored as a) none, b) mild, c) moderate and d) severe emphysema.

FIGURE

Examples

of

the

high

resolution

computed

tomography

scan

semi

quantitative

scoring

system

Each

panel

contains

a

characteristic

upper

and

lower

lobe

slice

of

a

patient

scored

as

a

b

mild

c

moderate

and

d

severe

emphysema


Figure 2. Magnetic resonance imaging before liver segmentectomy: (A) sagittal plane and (B) coronal plane. A spinal tumor was detected at the level of C2 (arrow).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

before

liver

segmentectomy

A

sagittal

plane

and

B

coronal

plane

A

spinal

tumor

was

detected

at

the

level

of

arrow


Fig. 14 A 14-year-old boy presented with pain in the right iliac fossa of 1 month duration associated with diarrhoea. His abdomen was soft and tender at the right iliac fossa. POCUS (a) using a highfrequency linear probe of the right iliac fossa showed a thickened hyperechoic non-compressible small bowel (arrowheads). The bowel layers could not be seen. Crohn’s disease was suspected. CT with intravenous contrast (b) showed a thickened constricted terminal ileum suggestive of Crohn's disease (yellow arrow)

Fig

A

old

boy

presented

with

pain

in

the

right

iliac

fossa

of

month

duration

associated

with

diarrhoea

His

abdomen

was

soft

and

tender

at

the

right

iliac

fossa

POCUS

a

using

a

highfrequency

linear

probe

of

the

right

iliac

fossa

showed

a

thickened

hyperechoic

non

compressible

small

bowel

arrowheads

The

bowel

layers

could

not

be

seen

Crohn

’s

disease

was

suspected

CT

with

intravenous

contrast

b

showed

a

thickened

constricted

terminal

ileum

suggestive

of

Crohn

's

disease

yellow

arrow


Figure 1: brain CT Scan with injection of iodinated contrast medium in axial (A) and coronal (B) sections revealed an isodense occupying process, with a left parietal seat, with annular rehabitation and partitioned , measuring 23.8mm x 20mm and presenting an edema in the satellite. The brain MRI at 3 weeks later in sequences, T1 (C), T2 Flair (D, E) in axial section, volumetric increase of the occupant process with a significant deviation from the line of the median structures

Figure

brain

CT

Scan

with

injection

of

iodinated

contrast

medium

in

axial

A

and

coronal

B

sections

revealed

an

isodense

occupying

process

with

a

left

parietal

seat

with

annular

rehabitation

and

partitioned

measuring

mm

x

mm

and

presenting

an

edema

in

the

satellite

The

brain

MRI

at

weeks

later

in

sequences

C

Flair

D

E

in

axial

section

volumetric

increase

of

the

occupant

process

with

a

significant

deviation

from

the

line

of

the

median

structures


Figure 1. Periventricular lesions confirming the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the FLAIR MRI view (A). Meningeal enhancement was seen after gadolinium injection (B) The patient underwent a lumbar puncture. Simple analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed the following: white blood cell

Figure

Periventricular

lesions

confirming

the

diagnosis

of

multiple

sclerosis

MS

in

the

FLAIR

MRI

view

A

Meningeal

enhancement

was

seen

after

gadolinium

injection

B

The

patient

underwent

a

lumbar

puncture

Simple

analysis

of

the

cerebrospinal

fluid

CSF

showed

the

following

white

blood

cell


Fig 1. Computerised tomography brain scans from an acute intracerebral haemorrhage patient at presentation (a) and 12 hours later (b) that demonstrate early hematoma expansion.

Fig

Computerised

tomography

brain

scans

from

an

acute

intracerebral

haemorrhage

patient

at

presentation

a

and

hours

later

b

that

demonstrate

early

hematoma

expansion


Fig 2. Case 1: Preoperative and operative imaging. A, Three-dimensional reconstruction of preoperative computed tomography scan showing infradiaphragmatic dissection and previous stent in right iliac artery. B, Coronal computed tomography scan showing dissection extending up to left renal artery. C, Operative angiogram showing infradiaphragmatic dissection.

Fig

Case

Preoperative

and

operative

imaging

A

Three

dimensional

reconstruction

of

preoperative

computed

tomography

scan

showing

infradiaphragmatic

dissection

and

previous

stent

in

right

iliac

artery

B

Coronal

computed

tomography

scan

showing

dissection

extending

up

to

left

renal

artery

C

Operative

angiogram

showing

infradiaphragmatic

dissection


Fig. 1 a Preoperative AP view showing a main thoracic curve of 60°p rior to correction. b Immediate postoperative film illustrating scoliosis correction with a hybrid construct. c Radiograph represents the progressive crank shafting at 4 years out from the initial surgery. d Radiograph immediately after the correction of the crankshaft phenomenon

Fig

a

Preoperative

AP

view

showing

a

main

thoracic

curve

of

p

rior

to

correction

b

Immediate

postoperative

film

illustrating

scoliosis

correction

with

a

hybrid

construct

c

Radiograph

represents

the

progressive

crank

shafting

at

years

out

from

the

initial

surgery

d

Radiograph

immediately

after

the

correction

of

the

crankshaft

phenomenon


Figure 1. Representative MRI of patients with radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis. (a) the T2-weighted axial image shows a fingerlike lesion of increased signal intensity (between the arrows); (b) the post-contrast T1-weighted axial image shows a lesion with necrosis and heterogeneous signal abnormalities (between the arrows); (c) the T2-weighted axial image shows an oval cyst with high T2 signal intensity (between the arrows). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067488.g001

Figure

Representative

MRI

of

patients

with

radiation

induced

temporal

lobe

necrosis

a

the

axial

image

shows

a

fingerlike

lesion

of

increased

signal

intensity

between

the

arrows

b

the

post

contrast

axial

image

shows

a

lesion

with

necrosis

and

heterogeneous

signal

abnormalities

between

the

arrows

c

the

axial

image

shows

an

oval

cyst

with

high

signal

intensity

between

the

arrows


Figure 2. A 43 yrs Old Female Patient, CT Pelvis with Contrast, Axial and Coronal Images Showing Complex Cystic Lesion in Left Adnexa Adnexal with Peripheral Enhancement Associated with Pelvic Ascites Raising the Possilbilty of Malignancy

Figure

A

yrs

Old

Female

Patient

CT

Pelvis

with

Contrast

Axial

and

Coronal

Images

Showing

Complex

Cystic

Lesion

in

Left

Adnexa

Adnexal

with

Peripheral

Enhancement

Associated

with

Pelvic

Ascites

Raising

the

Possilbilty

of

Malignancy


Fig. 1. Abdominal CT scan during the portal phase. (A) Pelvic mass (blue arrow). (B) Multiple hepatic lesions.

Fig

Abdominal

CT

scan

during

the

portal

phase

A

Pelvic

mass

blue

arrow

B

Multiple

hepatic

lesions


Fig. 2 The preoperative transesophageal echocardiogram. a It showed transseptal interventricular communication with a shunting ratio of 2.4. b The defect (asterisk) located in the posterior septum close to the base of the posteromedial papillary muscle (P). A: anterior papillary muscle

Fig

The

preoperative

transesophageal

echocardiogram

a

It

showed

transseptal

interventricular

communication

with

a

shunting

ratio

of

b

The

defect

asterisk

located

in

the

posterior

septum

close

to

the

base

of

the

posteromedial

papillary

muscle

P

A

anterior

papillary

muscle


Figure 5 (a) Ventrodorsal and (b) lateral thoracic radiographs from cat 2 with unilateral absence of the right pulmonary artery. Enlargement of the left caudal lobar pulmonary artery (arrow) and vein is apparent with a mediastinal shift to the right and slight interstitial opacity throughout the left lung lobes.

Figure

a

Ventrodorsal

and

b

lateral

thoracic

radiographs

from

cat

with

unilateral

absence

of

the

right

pulmonary

artery

Enlargement

of

the

left

caudal

lobar

pulmonary

artery

arrow

and

vein

is

apparent

with

a

mediastinal

shift

to

the

right

and

slight

interstitial

opacity

throughout

the

left

lung

lobes


Figure 1. Transverse plane of abdominal and pelvic computed tomography images (A) on admission and (B) 2 weeks after admission.

Figure

Transverse

plane

of

abdominal

and

pelvic

computed

tomography

images

A

on

admission

and

B

weeks

after

admission


Fig. 2 a Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing two hypodense lesions of the spleen. b, c Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showing the two lesions in T1 and T2 mode, respectively

Fig

a

Computed

tomography

scan

of

the

abdomen

showing

two

hypodense

lesions

of

the

spleen

b

c

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

the

abdomen

showing

the

two

lesions

in

and

mode

respectively


Fig. 1 A 58-year-old woman with suspected lung carcinoma and bone metastasis. a, b, d 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (a maximum intensity projection image, b, d axial fusion images) shows uptake (SUVmax 4.6) in a lesion in the third lumbar vertebra on the right (a, b yellow arrows) which is highly suspicious of metastasis, and uptake (SUVmax 11.3) in a lung nodule in the right lower lobe (a, d white arrows). c Axial noncontrast CT image (using bone windows) shows the biopsy needle

Fig

A

old

woman

with

suspected

lung

carcinoma

and

bone

metastasis

a

b

d

FDG

PET

CT

imaging

a

maximum

intensity

projection

image

b

d

axial

fusion

images

shows

uptake

SUVmax

in

a

lesion

in

the

third

lumbar

vertebra

on

the

right

a

b

yellow

arrows

which

is

highly

suspicious

of

metastasis

and

uptake

SUVmax

in

a

lung

nodule

in

the

right

lower

lobe

a

d

white

arrows

c

Axial

noncontrast

CT

image

using

bone

windows

shows

the

biopsy

needle


Fig. 4. Antero-posterior cervical radiograph. Left: Initial taken on May 2, 2016. Right: Follow-up taken on Sep. 28, 2016. The right head translation was reduced from 67.5 mm to 36.5 mm. Red indicates patient, green indicates normal alignment.

Fig

Antero

posterior

cervical

radiograph

Left

Initial

taken

on

May

Right

Follow

up

taken

on

Sep.

The

right

head

translation

was

reduced

from

mm

to

mm

Red

indicates

patient

green

indicates

normal

alignment


Fig. 2. Images of case 2. (A) C4-5 intervertebral disc herniation (arrow) compressing the right C5 root. (B) High signal intensity in the C5 root (arrowheads) on coronal T2 short-tau inversion recovery image.

Fig

Images

of

case

A

intervertebral

disc

herniation

arrow

compressing

the

right

root

B

High

signal

intensity

in

the

root

arrowheads

on

coronal

short

tau

inversion

recovery

image


Fig. 2. (A) Histopathologically, the resected lesion is a squamous cell carcinoma that overlies a leiomyoma in situ . The red arrows correspond to the lateral margins of the squamous cell carcinoma (H&E stain, ×12.5). (B) The esophageal leiomyoma is composed of bland spindle cells with no mitosis or nuclear atypia (H&E stain, ×40). (C) The entire layer of atypical epithelial cells is positive for the Ki-67 stain and demonstrates a Ki-67 labeling index of less than 1% (×40). (D) The esophageal leiomyoma is strongly and diffusely positive for smooth muscle actin (×40).

Fig

A

Histopathologically

the

resected

lesion

is

a

squamous

cell

carcinoma

that

overlies

a

leiomyoma

in

situ

The

red

arrows

correspond

to

the

lateral

margins

of

the

squamous

cell

carcinoma

H&E

stain

B

The

esophageal

leiomyoma

is

composed

of

bland

spindle

cells

with

no

mitosis

or

nuclear

atypia

H&E

stain

C

The

entire

layer

of

atypical

epithelial

cells

is

positive

for

the

stain

and

demonstrates

a

labeling

index

of

less

than

D

The

esophageal

leiomyoma

is

strongly

and

diffusely

positive

for

smooth

muscle

actin


Fig. 2. Preoperative (left) and postoperative (right) x-ray films obtained in a 4-year-old girl with multiple congenital abnormalities and progressive myelopathy from craniocervicomedullary compression after foramen magnum and C-1 decompression with occiput–C2 fusion.

Fig

Preoperative

left

and

postoperative

right

x

ray

films

obtained

in

a

old

girl

with

multiple

congenital

abnormalities

and

progressive

myelopathy

from

craniocervicomedullary

compression

after

foramen

magnum

and

decompression

with

occiput

fusion


Figure 1. (A) Duplex scan showing the stent in the iatrogenic fistula (AVF) joining the profunda femoral artery (PFA) and common femoral vein (CFV). (B) Doppler flow evaluation at the level of fistula showing very high velocity and low resistance flow.

Figure

A

Duplex

scan

showing

the

stent

in

the

iatrogenic

fistula

AVF

joining

the

profunda

femoral

artery

PFA

and

common

femoral

vein

CFV

B

Doppler

flow

evaluation

at

the

level

of

fistula

showing

very

high

velocity

and

low

resistance

flow


Fig. 3 Neck computed tomography revealed an irregular enhanced mass measuring 3×4 cm in diameter at the left supra-clavicula（A）. Abdominal and chest computed tomography taken at the same time showed no metastases of abdominal lymph nodes or evidence of recurrence in the liver or lung（B）.

Fig

Neck

computed

tomography

revealed

an

irregular

enhanced

mass

measuring

cm

in

diameter

at

the

left

supra

clavicula（A

Abdominal

and

chest

computed

tomography

taken

at

the

same

time

showed

no

metastases

of

abdominal

lymph

nodes

or

evidence

of

recurrence

in

the

liver

or

lung（B


Fig. 2 Results of CT and histopathological examination. A: Coronal CT image. B: Sagittal CT image. The red arrows indicate pheochromcytoma. C: H&E staining (40×) of pheochromcytoma. D: Immunohistochemical staining of thyroid sections: calcitonin (+).

Fig

Results

of

CT

and

histopathological

examination

A

Coronal

CT

image

B

Sagittal

CT

image

The

red

arrows

indicate

pheochromcytoma

C

H&E

staining

of

pheochromcytoma

D

Immunohistochemical

staining

of

thyroid

sections

calcitonin


Fig. 1. Chest computed tomography (A) and echocardiogram (B) revealed a large ovoid immobile mass (11×6 cm2) in the pericardial space, which was attached to the posterior wall of the LA, and this was accompanied by a large quantity of pericardial effusion. Chemotherapy for six cycles was followed by chest computed topography (C) and an echocardiogram (D). The size of the immobile mass attached to the posterior wall of the LA was reduced (from 4.4× 3.8 cm2 to 1.8×2.5 cm2).

Fig

Chest

computed

tomography

A

and

echocardiogram

B

revealed

a

large

ovoid

immobile

mass

in

the

pericardial

space

which

was

attached

to

the

posterior

wall

of

the

LA

and

this

was

accompanied

by

a

large

quantity

of

pericardial

effusion

Chemotherapy

for

six

cycles

was

followed

by

chest

computed

topography

C

and

an

echocardiogram

D

The

size

of

the

immobile

mass

attached

to

the

posterior

wall

of

the

LA

was

reduced

from

to


Fig. 4. Inflammatory lesion. A. Intraoperative ultrasonic imaging of inflammation lesion (arrow). It demonstrates honeycomb-like hypoechoic characteristics with irregular shapes and indistinct margins (pathological diagnosis: infiltration of lymphocytes). B. T1 sagittal contrast enhanced MRI shows lesion (arrow) was located in cerebellum.

Fig

Inflammatory

lesion

A.

Intraoperative

ultrasonic

imaging

of

inflammation

lesion

arrow

It

demonstrates

honeycomb

like

hypoechoic

characteristics

with

irregular

shapes

and

indistinct

margins

pathological

diagnosis

infiltration

of

lymphocytes

B.

sagittal

contrast

enhanced

MRI

shows

lesion

arrow

was

located

in

cerebellum


Figure 2. 3D rendered views from micro-CT imaging of bee head case, brain and brain structures. (a) External head case with independently segmented structures: right eye (RE), left eye (LE) right lateral ocellus (RLO), median ocellus (MO), left lateral ocellus (LLO), right antenna (RAn), left antenna (LAn). (b) transparent head case showing brain in situ; (c) brain tissue, virtually segmented from head case; (d) transparent brain tissue showing brain structures in situ; (e) individually segmented brain structures independent of additional brain tissue showing: central body (CB), and one of the pair of lobulas (Lo), medullas (Me), antennal lobes (AL), mushroom body calyces (MBC) and mushroom body lobes (MBL). The images show false colour application to the head and brain structures, and images (c–e) have been magnified 1.5× in size compared to (a,b).

Figure

rendered

views

from

micro

CT

imaging

of

bee

head

case

brain

and

brain

structures

a

External

head

case

with

independently

segmented

structures

right

eye

RE

left

eye

LE

right

lateral

ocellus

RLO

median

ocellus

MO

left

lateral

ocellus

LLO

right

antenna

RAn

left

antenna

LAn

b

transparent

head

case

showing

brain

in

situ

c

brain

tissue

virtually

segmented

from

head

case

d

transparent

brain

tissue

showing

brain

structures

in

situ

e

individually

segmented

brain

structures

independent

of

additional

brain

tissue

showing

central

body

CB

and

one

of

the

pair

of

lobulas

Lo

medullas

Me

antennal

lobes

AL

mushroom

body

calyces

MBC

and

mushroom

body

lobes

MBL

The

images

show

false

colour

application

to

the

head

and

brain

structures

and

images

c

e

have

been

magnified

in

size

compared

to

a

b


Fig. 5 Anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of the same patient after revision for rod breakage and pseudoarthrosis with a four rods construct

Fig

Anteroposterior

and

lateral

radiograph

of

the

same

patient

after

revision

for

rod

breakage

and

pseudoarthrosis

with

a

four

rods

construct


FIGURE 8 | Immunochemical properties of contacts on pre-cerebellar neurons in the LRt. (A) A fluorescent micrograph showing a coronal section through the medulla containing pre-cerebellar neurons labeled with FG from the anterior cerebellum. Note the cells within the LRt and the inferior olivary complex (IO). (Gr, Gracile nucleus; mlf, medial longitudinal fasciculus; py, pyramid; Sp5, spinal trigeminal nucleus). (B) A single optical section showing a precerebellar neuron (green) with several CTb (red) contacts on it. The contact shown in the box (C) is immunoreactive for VGAT (C-C") and the contact shown in box (D) is immunoreactive for VGLUT2 (D-D"). CTb, b subunit of cholera toxin; FG, Fluorogold; VGLUT2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGAT, vesicular GABA transporter. Scale Bars (B) = 10 μm; (C,D) = 5 μm.

FIGURE

Immunochemical

properties

of

contacts

on

pre

cerebellar

neurons

in

the

LRt

A

A

fluorescent

micrograph

showing

a

coronal

section

through

the

medulla

containing

pre

cerebellar

neurons

labeled

with

FG

from

the

anterior

cerebellum

Note

the

cells

within

the

LRt

and

the

inferior

olivary

complex

IO

Gr

Gracile

nucleus

mlf

medial

longitudinal

fasciculus

py

pyramid

spinal

trigeminal

nucleus

B

A

single

optical

section

showing

a

precerebellar

neuron

green

with

several

CTb

red

contacts

on

it

The

contact

shown

in

the

box

C

is

immunoreactive

for

VGAT

C

C

and

the

contact

shown

in

box

D

is

immunoreactive

for

D

D

CTb

b

subunit

of

cholera

toxin

FG

Fluorogold

vesicular

glutamate

transporter

VGAT

vesicular

GABA

transporter

Scale

Bars

B

μm

C

D

μm


Figure 5. Oblique coronal (a) T2w FS FSE and (b) PDw FSE images show an intraosseous cyst in the humeral head at the insertion of the anterior fibers of the ISP tendon in a 47-year-old patient. T2w FS FSE, T2-weighted fat-suppressed fast spin echo; PDw FSE, proton density–weighted fast spin echo; ISP, infraspinatus.

Figure

Oblique

coronal

a

FS

FSE

and

b

PDw

FSE

images

show

an

intraosseous

cyst

in

the

humeral

head

at

the

insertion

of

the

anterior

fibers

of

the

ISP

tendon

in

a

old

patient

FS

FSE

fat

suppressed

fast

spin

echo

PDw

FSE

proton

density

weighted

fast

spin

echo

ISP

infraspinatus


Fig 1. The topographic features of the ENS in the jejunum, of the pig. (a) VIP-like immunoreactivity in a 25 µm paraffin section. Note ISP ganglion (ISP) with many immunoreactive neurons (arrow), intensely stained VIP-like positive nerve fibres in the inner circular muscle layer (IC). Weak reactivity is seen in the tunica mucosa (M). MP, myenteric plexus ; OL, outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer. i900. (b) HE stained, 5 µm paraffin section. Both the ESP ganglion (ESP) and its neurons (arrows) are larger than the ISP ganglion (ISP) and its neurons (arrow). The ESP is situated close to the inner circular muscle layer (IC) on the serosal side and to submucosal vascular arcades (v), close to the ISP ganglia (ISP). The tunica mucosa (M) with the lamina muscularis mucosae (L) is also seen. i840. (c) HE, 2n5 µm Historesin section. Two ISP ganglia in the submucous layer (SM) ; ganglia of the external ISP (ISPe) and internal ISP (ISPi) plexuses are located at 2 different topographic levels, and separated by a thin connective tissue layer (ct). The internal ISP is situated adjacent to the lamina muscularis mucosae (L) of the tunica mucosa (M). Neurons are marked by arrows. i4200.

Fig

The

topographic

features

of

the

ENS

in

the

jejunum

of

the

pig

a

VIP

like

immunoreactivity

in

a

µm

paraffin

section

Note

ISP

ganglion

ISP

with

many

immunoreactive

neurons

arrow

intensely

stained

VIP

like

positive

nerve

fibres

in

the

inner

circular

muscle

layer

IC

Weak

reactivity

is

seen

in

the

tunica

mucosa

M

MP

myenteric

plexus

OL

outer

longitudinal

smooth

muscle

layer

b

HE

stained

µm

paraffin

section

Both

the

ESP

ganglion

ESP

and

its

neurons

arrows

are

larger

than

the

ISP

ganglion

ISP

and

its

neurons

arrow

The

ESP

is

situated

close

to

the

inner

circular

muscle

layer

IC

on

the

serosal

side

and

to

submucosal

vascular

arcades

v

close

to

the

ISP

ganglia

ISP

The

tunica

mucosa

M

with

the

lamina

muscularis

mucosae

L

is

also

seen

c

HE

µm

Historesin

section

Two

ISP

ganglia

in

the

submucous

layer

SM

ganglia

of

the

external

ISP

ISPe

and

internal

ISP

ISPi

plexuses

are

located

at

different

topographic

levels

and

separated

by

a

thin

connective

tissue

layer

ct

The

internal

ISP

is

situated

adjacent

to

the

lamina

muscularis

mucosae

L

of

the

tunica

mucosa

M

Neurons

are

marked

by

arrows


Fig 1. HME patients have cranial base defects. (A) Sagittal plane T2 MRI sequence showing an example of a normal clivus (delineated by pink arrowheads) and normal posterior foramen magnum (cyan arrowhead) in a HME patient. (B-C) Sagittal plane T1 and T2 MRI sequences showing a very large osteochondroma-like outgrowth (red arrowheads) in a patient that is characterized by continuity with clivus cortical bone and marrow. For orientation, note that the cerebellum is the large tissue mass occupying the upper right half of the images. (D) Sagittal T2 MRI sequence from a patient displaying an irregularity in the occipital lip of the foramen magnum (purple arrowhead). (E) Coronal plane T2 MRI sequence showing an osteochondroma-like outgrowth (orange arrowhead) and a more normal contralateral side (yellow arrowhead). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006742.g001

Fig

HME

patients

have

cranial

base

defects

A

Sagittal

plane

MRI

sequence

showing

an

example

of

a

normal

clivus

delineated

by

pink

arrowheads

and

normal

posterior

foramen

magnum

cyan

arrowhead

in

a

HME

patient

B

C

Sagittal

plane

and

MRI

sequences

showing

a

very

large

osteochondroma

like

outgrowth

red

arrowheads

in

a

patient

that

is

characterized

by

continuity

with

clivus

cortical

bone

and

marrow

For

orientation

note

that

the

cerebellum

is

the

large

tissue

mass

occupying

the

upper

right

half

of

the

images

D

Sagittal

MRI

sequence

from

a

patient

displaying

an

irregularity

in

the

occipital

lip

of

the

foramen

magnum

purple

arrowhead

E

Coronal

plane

MRI

sequence

showing

an

osteochondroma

like

outgrowth

orange

arrowhead

and

a

more

normal

contralateral

side

yellow

arrowhead


Figure 2. SEM images of transverse sections of dentine in (a) Region A; and (b) Region C.

Figure

SEM

images

of

transverse

sections

of

dentine

in

a

Region

A

and

b

Region

C.


Fig. 1 CT in the portal venous phase, axial section (a) and coronary reconstruction (b) showing multiple biliary abscesses (arrows) and hydrops of the gall bladder (arrowhead) 22 weeks following hepatic artery embolisation (HAE)

Fig

CT

in

the

portal

venous

phase

axial

section

a

and

coronary

reconstruction

b

showing

multiple

biliary

abscesses

arrows

and

hydrops

of

the

gall

bladder

arrowhead

weeks

following

hepatic

artery

embolisation

HAE


FIGURE 4 | c-fos expression induced by optogenetic stimulation was localized in the anteromedial OT during the RTPP tests. (A) Images of c-fos mRNA expression in the OT coronal sections after the RTPP tests. Left panels, ipsilateral; right panels, contralateral. Scale bar: 200 µm. (B) Number of c-fos mRNA-expressing cells in the anteromedial OT. (C) Number of c-fos mRNA-expressing cells in the NAc medial shell. Data shows mean with individual data plots. ns, not significant; * * p < 0.01; * * * p < 0.001. OT, olfactory tubercle; NAc, nucleus accumbens; RTPP, real-time place preference.

FIGURE

c

fos

expression

induced

by

optogenetic

stimulation

was

localized

in

the

anteromedial

OT

during

the

RTPP

tests

A

Images

of

c

fos

mRNA

expression

in

the

OT

coronal

sections

after

the

RTPP

tests

Left

panels

ipsilateral

right

panels

contralateral

Scale

bar

µm

B

Number

of

c

fos

mRNA

expressing

cells

in

the

anteromedial

OT

C

Number

of

c

fos

mRNA

expressing

cells

in

the

NAc

medial

shell

Data

shows

mean

with

individual

data

plots

ns

not

significant

p

p

OT

olfactory

tubercle

NAc

nucleus

accumbens

RTPP

real

time

place

preference


Fig. 1 Photographs of samples obtained during the endoscopic examination in each treatment group. a Normal mucosa in stomach fundus after treatment with placebo, b normal mucosa in stomach after treatment with triflusal solution, c mild erosive mucosal lesions after treatment with triflusal capsules

Fig

Photographs

of

samples

obtained

during

the

endoscopic

examination

in

each

treatment

group

a

Normal

mucosa

in

stomach

fundus

after

treatment

with

placebo

b

normal

mucosa

in

stomach

after

treatment

with

triflusal

solution

c

mild

erosive

mucosal

lesions

after

treatment

with

triflusal

capsules