Fig. 1. Lateral view of thoracic spine on plain X-ray image (A) demonstrates compression fracture of T6 vertebrae and a well-defined osteolytic lesion on T12 vertebrae. The lesions involving T6 and T12 vertebral body shows slightly high signal intensity in T2- weighted MR images (B: sagittal, C: axial of T6, D: axial of T12) and homogenous enhancement in T1-weighted MR images after the administration of gadolinium (E: sagittal, F: axial of T6, G: axial of T12), Increased tracer activity is shown at the T6, T12 vertebra and epiphysis in whole body bone scan (H).

Fig

Lateral

view

of

thoracic

spine

on

plain

X

ray

image

A

demonstrates

compression

fracture

of

vertebrae

and

a

well

defined

osteolytic

lesion

on

vertebrae

The

lesions

involving

and

vertebral

body

shows

slightly

high

signal

intensity

in

weighted

MR

images

B

sagittal

C

axial

of

D

axial

of

and

homogenous

enhancement

in

MR

images

after

the

administration

of

gadolinium

E

sagittal

F

axial

of

G

axial

of

Increased

tracer

activity

is

shown

at

the

vertebra

and

epiphysis

in

whole

body

bone

scan

H


Fig 1. Genetic ablation of GFAP and vimentin does not alter volume of ischemic lesion following dMCAO. (A) Location of ischemic injury at 9 weeks after dMCAO, covering most of the somatosensory cortex, as shown by NeuN-immunostaining in coronal sections from WT and GFAP -/-Vim -/-mice. Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Mean volume of ischemic lesion in WT (n = 9) and GFAP -/-Vim -/-(n = 6) mice. Means ± SEM. KO = GFAP -/-Vim -/-mice. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192118.g001

Fig

Genetic

ablation

of

GFAP

and

vimentin

does

not

alter

volume

of

ischemic

lesion

following

dMCAO

A

Location

of

ischemic

injury

at

weeks

after

dMCAO

covering

most

of

the

somatosensory

cortex

as

shown

by

NeuN

immunostaining

in

coronal

sections

from

WT

and

GFAP

-/-Vim

-/-mice

Scale

bar

mm

B

Mean

volume

of

ischemic

lesion

in

WT

n

and

GFAP

-/-Vim

-/-(n

mice

Means

SEM

KO

GFAP

-/-Vim

-/-mice


Fig. 3. Examples of C5–6 and C6–7 hard-disc herniations. Upper Left: Preoperative sagittal MR image. Upper Right: Axial CT scan obtained at C6–7, revealing a midline bone spur. Lower Left: Anteroposterior postoperative radiograph demonstrating cage position. Lower Right: Lateral postoperative radiograph.

Fig

Examples

of

and

hard

disc

herniations

Upper

Left

Preoperative

sagittal

MR

image

Upper

Right

Axial

CT

scan

obtained

at

revealing

a

midline

bone

spur

Lower

Left

Anteroposterior

postoperative

radiograph

demonstrating

cage

position

Lower

Right

Lateral

postoperative

radiograph


FIGURE 4 | Axial view centered on overlapping contrast images: green; (4) = (Post Real − Pre Real) > (Post Sham − Pre Sham) red-yellow; (Real) = Post Real > Pre Real, and blue-light blue; (Sham) = Post Sham < Pre Sham. (A) Parietal lobule/primary motor cortex (M1) activation (MNI: X = 2.16 mm, Y = −43.3 mm, Z = 61.8 mm) and (B) occipital cortex activation changes (MNI: X = −40.0 mm, Y = −80.0 mm, Z = 40.0 mm) are primarily a result of significant activation changes following real stimulation (red-yellow colormap). (C) Paracingulate gyrus/ACC changes (MNI: X = −3.48, Y = 52.5, Z = 4.95 mm) are primarily a result of significant activation changes following sham stimulation (blue-light blue colormap).

FIGURE

Axial

view

centered

on

overlapping

contrast

images

green

Post

Real

Pre

Real

Post

Sham

Pre

Sham

red

yellow

Real

Post

Real

Pre

Real

and

blue

light

blue

Sham

Post

Sham

Pre

Sham

A

Parietal

lobule

primary

motor

cortex

activation

MNI

X

mm

Y

mm

Z

mm

and

B

occipital

cortex

activation

changes

MNI

X

mm

Y

mm

Z

mm

are

primarily

a

result

of

significant

activation

changes

following

real

stimulation

red

yellow

colormap

C

Paracingulate

gyrus

ACC

changes

MNI

X

Y

Z

mm

are

primarily

a

result

of

significant

activation

changes

following

sham

stimulation

blue

light

blue

colormap


Fig. 6. Comparison of beam-hardening artifacts between 165 mg/mL and 60 mg/mL iodine concentration for 72 keV virtual monochromatic spectral (VMS) images. Reconstructed coronal images from 72 keV VMS images. A. Iodine concentration was 165 mg/mL. Difference in CT number between iodinated contrast media and tendon ranged from 2950 to 3050 Hounsfield units (HU). Beam hardening artifacts was 27.5. B. Iodine concentration was 60 mg/mL. Difference in CT number between iodinated contrast media and tendon ranged from 1280 to 1380 HU. Beam hardening artifacts was 8.0. Window width was 400 and window level was 40 for both images.

Fig

Comparison

of

beam

hardening

artifacts

between

mg

mL

and

mg

mL

iodine

concentration

for

keV

virtual

monochromatic

spectral

VMS

images

Reconstructed

coronal

images

from

keV

VMS

images

A.

Iodine

concentration

was

mg

mL.

Difference

in

CT

number

between

iodinated

contrast

media

and

tendon

ranged

from

to

Hounsfield

units

HU

Beam

hardening

artifacts

was

B.

Iodine

concentration

was

mg

mL.

Difference

in

CT

number

between

iodinated

contrast

media

and

tendon

ranged

from

to

HU

Beam

hardening

artifacts

was

Window

width

was

and

window

level

was

for

both

images


Fig. 3 Consecutive ultrasound scans, showing gradual thickening of vitreous exudate and posterior vitreous detachment (a–c) and clear vitreous chamber after pars plana vitrectomy (d)

Fig

Consecutive

ultrasound

scans

showing

gradual

thickening

of

vitreous

exudate

and

posterior

vitreous

detachment

a

c

and

clear

vitreous

chamber

after

pars

plana

vitrectomy

d


Figure 7 Bilioenteric anastomosis between the jejuneum and biliary branches for hepatic segments 2-3 after right trisectionectomy associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy performed for hilar colangiocarcinoma showing. A, B: Magnetic resonance imaging single-shot turbo spin echo T2 weighted images acquired on transverse (A) and coronal planes (B) show absence of biliary dilatation; C: This finding was confirmed on thick maximum intensity projection coronally-reformatted image acquired on the hepatobiliary phase after gadoxetic acid administration, demonstrating regular flow of hyperintense bile.

Figure

Bilioenteric

anastomosis

between

the

jejuneum

and

biliary

branches

for

hepatic

segments

after

right

trisectionectomy

associating

liver

partition

and

portal

vein

ligation

for

staged

hepatectomy

performed

for

hilar

colangiocarcinoma

showing

A

B

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

single

shot

turbo

spin

echo

weighted

images

acquired

on

transverse

A

and

coronal

planes

B

show

absence

of

biliary

dilatation

C

This

finding

was

confirmed

on

thick

maximum

intensity

projection

coronally

reformatted

image

acquired

on

the

hepatobiliary

phase

after

gadoxetic

acid

administration

demonstrating

regular

flow

of

hyperintense

bile


Figure 4. Fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of patient C-3. A, B: Bilateral vitelliform discs in the vitelliruptive stage with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dystrophy inferiorly to the macula. C, D: Macular optically empty lesions containing partially reabsorbed hyperreflective material. OD represents the right eye; OS represents the left eye.

Figure

Fundus

photographs

and

optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

scans

of

patient

A

B

Bilateral

vitelliform

discs

in

the

vitelliruptive

stage

with

retinal

pigment

epithelium

RPE

dystrophy

inferiorly

to

the

macula

C

D

Macular

optically

empty

lesions

containing

partially

reabsorbed

hyperreflective

material

OD

represents

the

right

eye

OS

represents

the

left

eye


Figure 1. Images from a 26-year-old female with type D femoral trochlear dysplasia. (A-D) Continuous sectional magnetic resonance images from the same patient (cross-sectional fat-suppressed fast spin-echo T2 weighted image sequence). (E-H) Computed tomography plain scan cross-sectional images with corresponding femoral trochlear joint facet bone morphologies. Due to severe femoral trochlear dysplasia, a cliff pattern alteration and multiple deepest points are observed on the femoral trochlear lateral facet (red arrows).

Figure

Images

from

a

old

female

with

type

D

femoral

trochlear

dysplasia

A

D

Continuous

sectional

magnetic

resonance

images

from

the

same

patient

cross

sectional

fat

suppressed

fast

spin

echo

weighted

image

sequence

E

H

Computed

tomography

plain

scan

cross

sectional

images

with

corresponding

femoral

trochlear

joint

facet

bone

morphologies

Due

to

severe

femoral

trochlear

dysplasia

a

cliff

pattern

alteration

and

multiple

deepest

points

are

observed

on

the

femoral

trochlear

lateral

facet

red

arrows


Figure 1 Different views of a 3-dimensional MRI reconstruction of the whole fragile X mouse brain (a–c) and the cerebellum (d).

Figure

Different

views

of

a

MRI

reconstruction

of

the

whole

fragile

X

mouse

brain

a

c

and

the

cerebellum

d


Fig. 6. Case 2. Preoperative radiographs. Both condylar fragments were displaced to the medio-inferior position and overlapped with ramus. A, B. Panoramic view (arrows). C, D. Axial view of computed tomography. Il-Kyu Kim et al: Intracorporeal reduction of condylar fracture using both pedicled condylar and seperated ramal fragments after vertical ramal osteotomy. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017

Fig

Case

Preoperative

radiographs

Both

condylar

fragments

were

displaced

to

the

medio

inferior

position

and

overlapped

with

ramus

A

B.

Panoramic

view

arrows

C

D.

Axial

view

of

computed

tomography

Il

Kyu

Kim

et

al

Intracorporeal

reduction

of

condylar

fracture

using

both

pedicled

condylar

and

seperated

ramal

fragments

after

vertical

ramal

osteotomy

J

Korean

Assoc

Oral

Maxillofac

Surg


Figure 3. (Left) in patient CEUS-006, grayscale conventional ultrasound image demonstrating moderate hydronephrosis of the left kidney. (Right) contrast-enhanced ultrasound image taken at the same time and in the same plane as the grayscale image. Arrows highlight areas of parenchymal thinning and demonstrate the collecting system to apparently extend to the renal capsule with no intervening parenchyma between the surrounding soft tissue and collecting system.

Figure

Left

in

patient

grayscale

conventional

ultrasound

image

demonstrating

moderate

hydronephrosis

of

the

left

kidney

Right

contrast

enhanced

ultrasound

image

taken

at

the

same

time

and

in

the

same

plane

as

the

grayscale

image

Arrows

highlight

areas

of

parenchymal

thinning

and

demonstrate

the

collecting

system

to

apparently

extend

to

the

renal

capsule

with

no

intervening

parenchyma

between

the

surrounding

soft

tissue

and

collecting

system


Figure 2. MRI of the thoracolumbosacral spine. (A) Fat-suppression T2 MRI of the thoracic spine showed faint hypersignal intensity at T3 and T4 vertebrae. (B) Fat-suppression T2 MRI of the lumbosacral spine showed strong hypersignal intensity at S4 vertebra and faint hypersignal intensity in S2 and S3 vertebrae.

Figure

MRI

of

the

thoracolumbosacral

spine

A

Fat

suppression

MRI

of

the

thoracic

spine

showed

faint

hypersignal

intensity

at

and

vertebrae

B

Fat

suppression

MRI

of

the

lumbosacral

spine

showed

strong

hypersignal

intensity

at

vertebra

and

faint

hypersignal

intensity

in

and

vertebrae


Figure 3 (a) Axial computed tomography and (b) magnetic resonance imaging showing a foreign body in the anterior spinal canal of L5/S1 (arrows), whereas (c) sagittal computed tomography showing a foreign body in the posterior spinal canal.

Figure

a

Axial

computed

tomography

and

b

magnetic

resonance

imaging

showing

a

foreign

body

in

the

anterior

spinal

canal

of

arrows

whereas

c

sagittal

computed

tomography

showing

a

foreign

body

in

the

posterior

spinal

canal


Figure 2. 64-year-old female for initial staging of gastric cancer. The PET-MRI transaxial fusion image shows intense hypermetabolic activity in the gastric cancer with SUV 29.2 and a hypermetabolic enlarged gastrohepatic lymph node (top left). T1 radial vibe transaxial image with fat suppression shows the gastric cancer to be of low to isointense signal and the metastatic lesion to be hyperintense (bottom left). T2 haste transaxial image shows a hyperintense liver lesion that was not active on the PET images which is consistent with a hemangioma (top right). The PET MIP image shows the intense activity in the stomach with activity in the adjacent gastrohepatic lymph node (bottom right).

Figure

old

female

for

initial

staging

of

gastric

cancer

The

PET

MRI

transaxial

fusion

image

shows

intense

hypermetabolic

activity

in

the

gastric

cancer

with

SUV

and

a

hypermetabolic

enlarged

gastrohepatic

lymph

node

top

left

radial

vibe

transaxial

image

with

fat

suppression

shows

the

gastric

cancer

to

be

of

low

to

isointense

signal

and

the

metastatic

lesion

to

be

hyperintense

bottom

left

haste

transaxial

image

shows

a

hyperintense

liver

lesion

that

was

not

active

on

the

PET

images

which

is

consistent

with

a

hemangioma

top

right

The

PET

MIP

image

shows

the

intense

activity

in

the

stomach

with

activity

in

the

adjacent

gastrohepatic

lymph

node

bottom

right


Fig. 10. Horner syndrome after RF ablation of left thyroid nodule. On transverse (A) and longitudinal (B) ultrasonography, middle cervical sympathetic ganglion (arrowheads) are seen abutting lateral margin of ablated thyroid nodule. Horner syndrome was developed immediately after RF ablation in this patient. RF = radiofrequency

Fig

Horner

syndrome

after

RF

ablation

of

left

thyroid

nodule

On

transverse

A

and

longitudinal

B

ultrasonography

middle

cervical

sympathetic

ganglion

arrowheads

are

seen

abutting

lateral

margin

of

ablated

thyroid

nodule

Horner

syndrome

was

developed

immediately

after

RF

ablation

in

this

patient

RF

radiofrequency


Figure 5. Left panel: Sagittal view. Right panel: Horizontal view. Hypoperfusion was found in the frontal lobe (dotted circle).

Figure

Left

panel

Sagittal

view

Right

panel

Horizontal

view

Hypoperfusion

was

found

in

the

frontal

lobe

dotted

circle


Figure 1. Computed tomography: A, coronal image demonstrating a large superior semicircular canal dehiscence (arrow); B, sagittal image showing calcification of the anterior mallear ligament (arrow).

Figure

Computed

tomography

A

coronal

image

demonstrating

a

large

superior

semicircular

canal

dehiscence

arrow

B

sagittal

image

showing

calcification

of

the

anterior

mallear

ligament

arrow


Fig. 5. Imaging of a fixed mouse ear embedded in agar. Total (a) A color photograph of the ear; (b) MAP of the 3D reconstructed optoacoustic image of mouse ear. Scale bar: 1 mm. 3D rendering can be found in Media 2.

Fig

Imaging

of

a

fixed

mouse

ear

embedded

in

agar

Total

a

A

color

photograph

of

the

ear

b

MAP

of

the

reconstructed

optoacoustic

image

of

mouse

ear

Scale

bar

mm

rendering

can

be

found

in

Media


Fig. 13 PASL images acquired with ss-FSE readout: a proton density; b control image; c labelling d perfusion-weighted imaging normalized to proton density (Li et al. [50])

Fig

PASL

images

acquired

with

ss

FSE

readout

a

proton

density

b

control

image

c

labelling

d

perfusion

weighted

imaging

normalized

to

proton

density

Li

et

al


Figure 13: Mixed subtype adenocarcinoma, progression of GGO to a nodule with mixed solid component and GGO. (a) Magnified 1-mm CT section shows a discrete GGO (arrows). (b) Follow-up CT scan obtained 1 year later shows clear progression of the disease, with the development of a central solid component, although there is no appreciable enlargement of the lesion (arrows).

Figure

Mixed

subtype

adenocarcinoma

progression

of

GGO

to

a

nodule

with

mixed

solid

component

and

GGO

a

Magnified

CT

section

shows

a

discrete

GGO

arrows

b

Follow

up

CT

scan

obtained

year

later

shows

clear

progression

of

the

disease

with

the

development

of

a

central

solid

component

although

there

is

no

appreciable

enlargement

of

the

lesion

arrows


Figure 1 Immunohistochemical analysis of B cells in NPMc þ AML. Top, left: bone marrow biopsy (paraffin section) from an NPMc þ AML patient with FAB-M5 morphology (hematoxylin-eosin; Â 800). Top, right: the same case showing the characteristic nuclear and aberrant cytoplasmic expression of NPM (arrow) (APAAP; hematoxylin counterstain; Â 800). Bottom, left: paraffin section from the same case showing the presence of scattered CD20-positive cells (arrow), as expected leukaemic cells are CD20-negative (APAAP; hematoxylin counterstain; Â 800). Bottom, right: double staining for CD20 by immunoperoxidase (brown) and for mutated NPM (NPMm) by the APAAP technique with Sil-A antibody (blue). As expected, leukaemic cells are CD20-negative and show aberrant cytoplasmicrestricted positivity for mutated NPM (blue) (double arrows); in contrast, CD20 cells display surface CD20-positivity (brown), but are negative for Sil-A (single arrow), indicating absence of NPM mutated protein (no counterstaining; Â 800).

Figure

Immunohistochemical

analysis

of

B

cells

in

NPMc

þ

AML

Top

left

bone

marrow

biopsy

paraffin

section

from

an

NPMc

þ

AML

patient

with

FAB

morphology

hematoxylin

eosin

Â

Top

right

the

same

case

showing

the

characteristic

nuclear

and

aberrant

cytoplasmic

expression

of

NPM

arrow

APAAP

hematoxylin

counterstain

Â

Bottom

left

paraffin

section

from

the

same

case

showing

the

presence

of

scattered

cells

arrow

as

expected

leukaemic

cells

are

APAAP

hematoxylin

counterstain

Â

Bottom

right

double

staining

for

by

immunoperoxidase

brown

and

for

mutated

NPM

NPMm

by

the

APAAP

technique

with

Sil

A

antibody

blue

As

expected

leukaemic

cells

are

and

show

aberrant

cytoplasmicrestricted

positivity

for

mutated

NPM

blue

double

arrows

in

contrast

cells

display

surface

brown

but

are

negative

for

Sil

A

single

arrow

indicating

absence

of

NPM

mutated

protein

no

counterstaining

Â


Fig. 8. Gastric intestinal metaplasia. (A) White light imaging shows an irregular depressed lesion, suggesting advanced gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma on the greater curvature. However, (B) linked color imaging shows a purple lesion homogenously spreading in the depressed area, suggesting intestinal metaplasia. (C) Blue laser imaging shows a regular surface pattern with green circle lines corresponding to the marginal crypt epithelium, suggesting intestinal metaplasia. (D) Pathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen shows intestinal metaplasia (hematoxylin and eosin, ×40).

Fig

Gastric

intestinal

metaplasia

A

White

light

imaging

shows

an

irregular

depressed

lesion

suggesting

advanced

gastric

cancer

or

mucosa

associated

lymphoid

tissue

lymphoma

on

the

greater

curvature

However

B

linked

color

imaging

shows

a

purple

lesion

homogenously

spreading

in

the

depressed

area

suggesting

intestinal

metaplasia

C

Blue

laser

imaging

shows

a

regular

surface

pattern

with

green

circle

lines

corresponding

to

the

marginal

crypt

epithelium

suggesting

intestinal

metaplasia

D

Pathological

evaluation

of

the

biopsy

specimen

shows

intestinal

metaplasia

hematoxylin

and

eosin


Figure 4: MRI of the patient on the first day after bilateral radiofrequency anterior nucleothalamotomy, axial (a) and sagittal (b) projections. Lesions located in the anterior thalamic nuclei are marked by arrows b a

Figure

MRI

of

the

patient

on

the

first

day

after

bilateral

radiofrequency

anterior

nucleothalamotomy

axial

a

and

sagittal

b

projections

Lesions

located

in

the

anterior

thalamic

nuclei

are

marked

by

arrows

b

a


Figure 1. (A) Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a clearly distinct tumor and a low signal in the T1-weighted image. (B) Chest computed tomography showed a 10 Â 10 mm nodule in the right S4 area. (C) Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed slight uptake in the nodule, with a maximal standardized uptake value of 2.94.

Figure

A

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

revealed

a

clearly

distinct

tumor

and

a

low

signal

in

the

image

B

Chest

computed

tomography

showed

a

Â

mm

nodule

in

the

right

area

C

Positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

showed

slight

uptake

in

the

nodule

with

a

maximal

standardized

uptake

value

of


Fig. 1 A 9.6-mm hemorrhagic lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere. a T2-weighted gradient-echo cranial magnetic resonance image in the axial plane shows low signal intensity in the right cerebellar hemisphere. b Axial T1-weighted sequence shows no abnormally enhancing lesion following administration of intravenous gadolinium

Fig

A

hemorrhagic

lesion

in

the

right

cerebellar

hemisphere

a

gradient

echo

cranial

magnetic

resonance

image

in

the

axial

plane

shows

low

signal

intensity

in

the

right

cerebellar

hemisphere

b

Axial

sequence

shows

no

abnormally

enhancing

lesion

following

administration

of

intravenous

gadolinium


FIGURE 1. A, synovial sarcoma of biphasic type (hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification, 380). B, synovial sarcoma of monophasic type showing many mitotic figures (arrowheads) (hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification, 3100). C, distinct nuclear staining of Ki-67 antigen is detected in many tumor cells, monophasic type (original magnification, 3100).

FIGURE

A

synovial

sarcoma

of

biphasic

type

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

original

magnification

B

synovial

sarcoma

of

monophasic

type

showing

many

mitotic

figures

arrowheads

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

original

magnification

C

distinct

nuclear

staining

of

antigen

is

detected

in

many

tumor

cells

monophasic

type

original

magnification


Fig. 3. A – 52-year-old man, CT showed single vertebral metastasis in the right vertebral sector of T12 (indicated by arrow; B – 39-yearold man, CT showed single bone destruction in the appendix sector of T2, with no penetration into the vertebral body, soft tissue mass encysted the spinous process (indicated by arrow); C – The same patient CT showed bone destruction in the left appendix sector of T11, where soft tissue mass extended from the appendix sector to the posterior edge of the left vertebra (indicated by arrow); D – Patient with separate metastases in vertebral body and appendix in L5 (indicated by arrow); soft tissue mass formed at the posterior edge of the left vertebra, a separate metastasis observed at the posterior edge of the left vertebral body

Fig

A

old

man

CT

showed

single

vertebral

metastasis

in

the

right

vertebral

sector

of

indicated

by

arrow

B

man

CT

showed

single

bone

destruction

in

the

appendix

sector

of

with

no

penetration

into

the

vertebral

body

soft

tissue

mass

encysted

the

spinous

process

indicated

by

arrow

C

The

same

patient

CT

showed

bone

destruction

in

the

left

appendix

sector

of

where

soft

tissue

mass

extended

from

the

appendix

sector

to

the

posterior

edge

of

the

left

vertebra

indicated

by

arrow

D

Patient

with

separate

metastases

in

vertebral

body

and

appendix

in

indicated

by

arrow

soft

tissue

mass

formed

at

the

posterior

edge

of

the

left

vertebra

a

separate

metastasis

observed

at

the

posterior

edge

of

the

left

vertebral

body


Fig. 4. feSEM and TEM of lamin B2-induced intranuclear membrane arrays. FLAG-tagged lamin B2 was expressed by nuclear injection of plasmid DNA. (A) Nuclear envelope of an oocyte overexpressing lamin B2, shown at low magnification. (B) Membrane arrays covered by irregular wavy lamin B2 filaments. (C) A more-ordered package of lamin B2 filaments on a membrane array. Note the more-or-less parallel alignment of B2 filaments. (D) TEM section of an isolated oocyte nucleus expressing lamin B2. (E,F) Immuno-feSEM detection of lamin B2 on membrane arrays using the mAb L7-8C6 that is specific for Xenopus lamin B2 (E) and antibodies against the FLAG epitope (F). The immuno-gold labels are indicated by gold spots in E and F.

Fig

feSEM

and

TEM

of

lamin

intranuclear

membrane

arrays

FLAG

tagged

lamin

was

expressed

by

nuclear

injection

of

plasmid

DNA

A

Nuclear

envelope

of

an

oocyte

overexpressing

lamin

shown

at

low

magnification

B

Membrane

arrays

covered

by

irregular

wavy

lamin

filaments

C

A

more

ordered

package

of

lamin

filaments

on

a

membrane

array

Note

the

more

or

less

parallel

alignment

of

filaments

D

TEM

section

of

an

isolated

oocyte

nucleus

expressing

lamin

E

F

Immuno

feSEM

detection

of

lamin

on

membrane

arrays

using

the

mAb

that

is

specific

for

Xenopus

lamin

E

and

antibodies

against

the

FLAG

epitope

F

The

immuno

gold

labels

are

indicated

by

gold

spots

in

E

and

F.


FIGURE 1. A 79-year-old man (case 5, SCC, stage 2) with complaints of otorrhea and otalgia for 12 months. HRCT and MRI were done (A-C). Axial HRCT revealed a soft tissue mass and stenosis of right EAC and (A). The lesion is iso-intense on T1WI (B) and hyper-intense on fat suppression T2WI (C). The lesion reaches the bony part of the EAC and involves the inferior wall of the EAC. A 65-year-old woman (case 35, cystic adenocarcinoma, stage 1) with complaints of otalgia and mass in her right ear for 1 month. HRCT and MRI were done (D-F). Axial HRCT (D) shows a focal mass locating at cartilage part of the EAC without bone changes. The lesion shows homogeneous signal intensity on both T1WI (E) and T2WI (F). EAC ¼ external auditory canal; HRCT ¼ high resolution computer tomography; MRI ¼ magnetic resonance imaging; SCC ¼ squamous cell carcinoma.

FIGURE

A

old

man

case

SCC

stage

with

complaints

of

otorrhea

and

otalgia

for

months

HRCT

and

MRI

were

done

A

C

Axial

HRCT

revealed

a

soft

tissue

mass

and

stenosis

of

right

EAC

and

A

The

lesion

is

iso

intense

on

B

and

hyper

intense

on

fat

suppression

C

The

lesion

reaches

the

bony

part

of

the

EAC

and

involves

the

inferior

wall

of

the

EAC

A

old

woman

case

cystic

adenocarcinoma

stage

with

complaints

of

otalgia

and

mass

in

her

right

ear

for

month

HRCT

and

MRI

were

done

D

F

Axial

HRCT

D

shows

a

focal

mass

locating

at

cartilage

part

of

the

EAC

without

bone

changes

The

lesion

shows

homogeneous

signal

intensity

on

both

E

and

F

EAC

¼

external

auditory

canal

HRCT

¼

high

resolution

computer

tomography

MRI

¼

magnetic

resonance

imaging

SCC

¼

squamous

cell

carcinoma


Fig 3. An abnormality detected during screening mammography in a 69-year-old asymptomatic woman. (A) Left craniocaudal magnification and compression views show segmental pleomorphic microcalcifications that correlate with the ultrasound (US)-detected lesion (mammography skin marking). (B) US shows ductal dilatation with internal microcalcification (arrows). (C) Photomicrography of a 13-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy (original magnification, ×40; hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] stain) shows tumor cell infiltration into the stroma; this case was confirmed as an invasive ductal carcinoma (arrows). (D) Only ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; 5.6-cm extent) remained in the mastectomy specimen. Photomicrography (original magnification, ×40; H&E stain) shows a post-biopsy scar area (arrows) in the DCIS background. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179182.g003

Fig

An

abnormality

detected

during

screening

mammography

in

a

old

asymptomatic

woman

A

Left

craniocaudal

magnification

and

compression

views

show

segmental

pleomorphic

microcalcifications

that

correlate

with

the

ultrasound

US)-detected

lesion

mammography

skin

marking

B

US

shows

ductal

dilatation

with

internal

microcalcification

arrows

C

Photomicrography

of

a

vacuum

assisted

biopsy

original

magnification

hematoxylin

and

eosin

H&E

stain

shows

tumor

cell

infiltration

into

the

stroma

this

case

was

confirmed

as

an

invasive

ductal

carcinoma

arrows

D

Only

ductal

carcinoma

in

situ

DCIS

extent

remained

in

the

mastectomy

specimen

Photomicrography

original

magnification

H&E

stain

shows

a

post

biopsy

scar

area

arrows

in

the

DCIS

background


Fig. 1. Percentage of facet joint preservation, measured on axial computed tomography images at L4–L5 preoperatively (A) and immediately postoperatively (B). Percentage of facet joint preservation= b/a×100.

Fig

Percentage

of

facet

joint

preservation

measured

on

axial

computed

tomography

images

at

preoperatively

A

and

immediately

postoperatively

B

Percentage

of

facet

joint

preservation=

b


Fig. 1. Typical X-ray photographic image of the patellar movement Left side: before movement, Right side: after movement

Fig

Typical

X

ray

photographic

image

of

the

patellar

movement

Left

side

before

movement

Right

side

after

movement


Fig. 2 Abdominal CT shows the complex congenital umbilical AVM. (A) Umbilical drainage vein (arrow), (B and C) nidus is showed (asterisk), and (D) multiple efferent arteries coming from hypogastric and external iliac. AVM, arteriovenous malformation; CT, computed tomography.

Fig

Abdominal

CT

shows

the

complex

congenital

umbilical

AVM

A

Umbilical

drainage

vein

arrow

B

and

C

nidus

is

showed

asterisk

and

D

multiple

efferent

arteries

coming

from

hypogastric

and

external

iliac

AVM

arteriovenous

malformation

CT

computed

tomography


Fig 3. Radiologic appearance of myxoid liposarcoma of the proximal thigh. (A) Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image of 80-mm tumor (arrow) with characteristic high signal intensity. T1-weighted fat-suppressed axial magnetic resonance images of (B) pregadolinium and (C) postgadolinium contrast show avid and heterogeneous enhancement of tumor (arrow).

Fig

Radiologic

appearance

of

myxoid

liposarcoma

of

the

proximal

thigh

A

Coronal

magnetic

resonance

image

of

tumor

arrow

with

characteristic

high

signal

intensity

fat

suppressed

axial

magnetic

resonance

images

of

B

pregadolinium

and

C

postgadolinium

contrast

show

avid

and

heterogeneous

enhancement

of

tumor

arrow


Figure 2 (A-C): Pseudotumour in diseased kidney in a 45-year-old female patient, not diagnosed on CT or MR but correctly interpreted on DWI. (A) Coronal unenhanced CT image shows ill-defined, mildly hypodense, exophytic mass lesion (asterisk) in the lower pole of the right kidney. Contrast could not be administered because of renal dysfunction. (B) Axial T2-weighted MR image shows that the lesion is hyperintense (asterisk). Solid "ball-type" morphology and hyperintensity on T2-weighted image raised the suspicion of malignant mass on CT and MRI. (C) Axial ADC map (generated from DWI) demonstrates the lesion to be hyperintense (asterisk) suggesting no diffusion restriction within the lesion. Absence of diffusion restriction within a solid mass lesion ruled out malignancy. Ultrasound-guided biopsy did not reveal any evidence of malignancy B C A

Figure

A

C

Pseudotumour

in

diseased

kidney

in

a

old

female

patient

not

diagnosed

on

CT

or

MR

but

correctly

interpreted

on

DWI

A

Coronal

unenhanced

CT

image

shows

ill

defined

mildly

hypodense

exophytic

mass

lesion

asterisk

in

the

lower

pole

of

the

right

kidney

Contrast

could

not

be

administered

because

of

renal

dysfunction

B

Axial

MR

image

shows

that

the

lesion

is

hyperintense

asterisk

Solid

ball

type

morphology

and

hyperintensity

on

image

raised

the

suspicion

of

malignant

mass

on

CT

and

MRI

C

Axial

ADC

map

generated

from

DWI

demonstrates

the

lesion

to

be

hyperintense

asterisk

suggesting

no

diffusion

restriction

within

the

lesion

Absence

of

diffusion

restriction

within

a

solid

mass

lesion

ruled

out

malignancy

Ultrasound

guided

biopsy

did

not

reveal

any

evidence

of

malignancy

B

C

A


Figure 2. An X-ray diffraction pattern of an isolated human stratum corneum (SC) sheet obtained using the sample holder described in (a) and the enlarged image of the small angle region (b). Angular spread of the reflection corresponds to the extent of the orientation of the intercellular lipid layers (see text).

Figure

An

X

ray

diffraction

pattern

of

an

isolated

human

stratum

corneum

SC

sheet

obtained

using

the

sample

holder

described

in

a

and

the

enlarged

image

of

the

small

angle

region

b

Angular

spread

of

the

reflection

corresponds

to

the

extent

of

the

orientation

of

the

intercellular

lipid

layers

see

text


Figure 8 MRI image of mice. A, FMNPs without coupling BRCAA1 B, FMNPs coupled with BRCAA1

Figure

MRI

image

of

mice

A

FMNPs

without

coupling

B

FMNPs

coupled

with


Figure 2. (A) Endoscopic view of the protruding tumor in the gastric antrum. (B) Endoscopic ultrasound image of a 1.5x2.0-cm hypoechoic mass emanating from the muscularis propria with the typical appearance of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Figure

A

Endoscopic

view

of

the

protruding

tumor

in

the

gastric

antrum

B

Endoscopic

ultrasound

image

of

a

hypoechoic

mass

emanating

from

the

muscularis

propria

with

the

typical

appearance

of

gastrointestinal

stromal

tumor


Fig. 2 A–D Coronal and sagittal sections of CT scans of the head post craniectomy, revealing the large calvarial defect. E–H On axial section, the cranial contents appeared to have a ‘‘kidney bean’’ shape with a concavo-convex surface, and a midline shift to the left

Fig

A

D

Coronal

and

sagittal

sections

of

CT

scans

of

the

head

post

craniectomy

revealing

the

large

calvarial

defect

E

H

On

axial

section

the

cranial

contents

appeared

to

have

a

kidney

bean

shape

with

a

concavo

convex

surface

and

a

midline

shift

to

the

left


Figure 1 Case No 1. (A) Sagittal MR image showing a cavernous malformation of the pons after the first haemorrhage. (B) and (C) Sagittal MR images after the second and third haemorrage shows an enlarging haematoma. (D-F) Intraoperative photographs. (D) After exposure the bulging aspect of the right lateral pons and subpial haemosiderin staining is visible (arrow). (E) The haematoma is removed and the cavernous malformation is identified. (F) After resection of the lesion the cavity is collapsed. Haemosiderin stained gliotic tissue surrounding the lesion is left behind.

Figure

Case

No

A

Sagittal

MR

image

showing

a

cavernous

malformation

of

the

pons

after

the

first

haemorrhage

B

and

C

Sagittal

MR

images

after

the

second

and

third

haemorrage

shows

an

enlarging

haematoma

D

F

Intraoperative

photographs

D

After

exposure

the

bulging

aspect

of

the

right

lateral

pons

and

subpial

haemosiderin

staining

is

visible

arrow

E

The

haematoma

is

removed

and

the

cavernous

malformation

is

identified

F

After

resection

of

the

lesion

the

cavity

is

collapsed

Haemosiderin

stained

gliotic

tissue

surrounding

the

lesion

is

left

behind


Fig. 6. Massage-induced changes of intra-facial structures of a 39-year-old woman. (a) Distribution of FMCR changes. (b) Sagittal 3D-CT before facial massage. (c) Sagittal 3D-CT after facial massage. (d) Axial CT image before facial massage. (e) Axial CT image after facial massage. (1) Levator anguli oris muscle, (2) Zygomaticus minor muscle, (3) Orbicularis oris muscle, (4) Top of the cheek, (5) Levator labil superioris muscle, (6) Zygomaticus major muscle. Sagittal 3D-CT images show that the cheek top is moved upward by facial massage, and subcutaneous changes are seen. The thickness of the adipose tissue in the cheek is increased, and the configuration of the facial expression muscles is also changed. Axial CT images: Auxiliary lines are drawn in the same locations on both axial images. The skin surface has moved to the ventral side of the auxiliary lines (arrowheads) due to increase in thickness of the soft tissue after massage. The configuration of the facial expression muscles is also changed. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com].

Fig

Massage

induced

changes

of

intra

facial

structures

of

a

old

woman

a

Distribution

of

FMCR

changes

b

Sagittal

CT

before

facial

massage

c

Sagittal

CT

after

facial

massage

d

Axial

CT

image

before

facial

massage

e

Axial

CT

image

after

facial

massage

Levator

anguli

oris

muscle

Zygomaticus

minor

muscle

Orbicularis

oris

muscle

Top

of

the

cheek

Levator

labil

superioris

muscle

Zygomaticus

major

muscle

Sagittal

CT

images

show

that

the

cheek

top

is

moved

upward

by

facial

massage

and

subcutaneous

changes

are

seen

The

thickness

of

the

adipose

tissue

in

the

cheek

is

increased

and

the

configuration

of

the

facial

expression

muscles

is

also

changed

Axial

CT

images

Auxiliary

lines

are

drawn

in

the

same

locations

on

both

axial

images

The

skin

surface

has

moved

to

the

ventral

side

of

the

auxiliary

lines

arrowheads

due

to

increase

in

thickness

of

the

soft

tissue

after

massage

The

configuration

of

the

facial

expression

muscles

is

also

changed

Colour

figure

can

be

viewed

at

wileyonlinelibrary.com


Figure 1. A 42-year old male with right pyriform sinus carcinoma. The left panel is a coronal computed tomography scan of the larynx showing erosions of thyroid and cricoid cartilages. The intraoperative view is presented in the right panel, which indicates residual epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage following tailored vertical hemilaryngopharyngectomy with resection including a segment of the cricoid ring. ICA, internal carotid artery.

Figure

A

old

male

with

right

pyriform

sinus

carcinoma

The

left

panel

is

a

coronal

computed

tomography

scan

of

the

larynx

showing

erosions

of

thyroid

and

cricoid

cartilages

The

intraoperative

view

is

presented

in

the

right

panel

which

indicates

residual

epiglottis

thyroid

cartilage

and

cricoid

cartilage

following

tailored

vertical

hemilaryngopharyngectomy

with

resection

including

a

segment

of

the

cricoid

ring

ICA

internal

carotid

artery


Fig. 13 Block-based tamper localization for the Ultrasound and X-ray images

Fig

Block

based

tamper

localization

for

the

Ultrasound

and

X

ray

images


Fig. 5. (A-C) Representative postcontrast T 1 -weighted M RIs of IDH1 WT , vector-control, and IDH1 R132 flank tumors. Notice areas void of contrast agent enhancement in all 3 tumor types. (D-F) Representative perfusion images (color scale represents different perfusion values, mL/ 100 mg tissue/ min) with DSC signal intensity bolus curve. Areas of reduced perfusion were present in all 3 tumor types, usually matched with areas of poor contrast enhancement. Some of the geometric distortion is due to use of echo planar imaging sequence for DSC perfusion. (G) Graph representing relative tumor blood flow (rTBF) measurements expressed as mean blood flow values+ SEM .

Fig

A

C

Representative

postcontrast

T

-weighted

M

RIs

of

WT

vector

control

and

flank

tumors

Notice

areas

void

of

contrast

agent

enhancement

in

all

tumor

types

D

F

Representative

perfusion

images

color

scale

represents

different

perfusion

values

mL/

mg

tissue/

min

with

DSC

signal

intensity

bolus

curve

Areas

of

reduced

perfusion

were

present

in

all

tumor

types

usually

matched

with

areas

of

poor

contrast

enhancement

Some

of

the

geometric

distortion

is

due

to

use

of

echo

planar

imaging

sequence

for

DSC

perfusion

G

Graph

representing

relative

tumor

blood

flow

rTBF

measurements

expressed

as

mean

blood

flow

values+

SEM


Figure 2 (A) Magnetic resonance imaging and (B) specimen, of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma in segment VI in cirrhosis undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy

Figure

A

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

and

B

specimen

of

a

patient

with

hepatocellular

carcinoma

in

segment

VI

in

cirrhosis

undergoing

laparoscopic

hepatectomy


Fig. 1. Plain chest X-rays of the patient. a Deep inspiration. b Expiration. His chest X-ray showed almost no movement of the diaphragm at deep inspiration and expiration, indicating bilateral phrenic nerve palsy.

Fig

Plain

chest

X

rays

of

the

patient

a

Deep

inspiration

b

Expiration

His

chest

X

ray

showed

almost

no

movement

of

the

diaphragm

at

deep

inspiration

and

expiration

indicating

bilateral

phrenic

nerve

palsy


Fig. 2. Integration of MEG data into the frameless database. The locations of the MEG current dipoles representing the motor cortex (circles) and the sensory cortex (squares) are shown on an axial slice in the imaging database prior to (upper) and during (lower) the process of image registration.

Fig

Integration

of

MEG

data

into

the

frameless

database

The

locations

of

the

MEG

current

dipoles

representing

the

motor

cortex

circles

and

the

sensory

cortex

squares

are

shown

on

an

axial

slice

in

the

imaging

database

prior

to

upper

and

during

lower

the

process

of

image

registration


Figure 1 (A) Three-dimensional image of CBCT revealing a fenestration alveolar bone defect at the #25 region. (B) Clinical photograph showing a fenestration alveolar bone defect at the #25 region. (C) Clinical photograph for platelet-rich fibrin application over #25 alveolar bone defect. (D) After 6 months, the socket was completely filled with a hard material, which on probing exhibited the consistency of bone. The CBCT images demonstrated the changes of bone density (E) immediately after #25 extraction and (F) 2 months, (G) 4 months, and (H) 6 months after platelet-rich fibrin application. CBCT Z cone beam computed tomography.

Figure

A

Three

dimensional

image

of

CBCT

revealing

a

fenestration

alveolar

bone

defect

at

the

region

B

Clinical

photograph

showing

a

fenestration

alveolar

bone

defect

at

the

region

C

Clinical

photograph

for

platelet

rich

fibrin

application

over

alveolar

bone

defect

D

After

months

the

socket

was

completely

filled

with

a

hard

material

which

on

probing

exhibited

the

consistency

of

bone

The

CBCT

images

demonstrated

the

changes

of

bone

density

E

immediately

after

extraction

and

F

months

G

months

and

H

months

after

platelet

rich

fibrin

application

CBCT

Z

cone

beam

computed

tomography


FIGURE 5. Survival motor neuron (SMN) staining of developing ([A], arrowheads; TL antibody) and mature ([B]; 1137 antibody) pyramidal neurons. Note the preferential SMN nuclear staining of the developing cortical plate (A) and the SMN immunoreactivity at the axon hillock of mature layer V pyramidal neurons ([B], arrowheads). Calibration bars = (A) 100 Km; (B) 75 Km.

FIGURE

Survival

motor

neuron

SMN

staining

of

developing

A

arrowheads

TL

antibody

and

mature

B

antibody

pyramidal

neurons

Note

the

preferential

SMN

nuclear

staining

of

the

developing

cortical

plate

A

and

the

SMN

immunoreactivity

at

the

axon

hillock

of

mature

layer

V

pyramidal

neurons

B

arrowheads

Calibration

bars

A

Km

B

Km


Fig. 1. (A) Axial diffusion-weight (DW) and (B) axial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) brain MRI images.

Fig

A

Axial

diffusion

weight

DW

and

B

axial

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

ADC

brain

MRI

images


Figure 5. Cross-sections (z slices) taken from 3D maps of mforrn and dform NPCs after refinement by POCs/solvent flattening, a and c are slices cut along the putative spoke twofold axes; b and d are slices cut along along the putative radial arm twofold axes. b and d are related to a and c by a rotation of 22.5 ° around the central eightfold axis. (a) A z slice which bisects the spokes of the membrane-associated form is shown. Domains within the spokes are labeled including: inner spoke domain (IS), central domain (CS), lumenal domain (LS), the inner vertical domain (V/), and the outer vertical domain (I6). An area of weak interaction between the inner spoke domain and the central spoke domain is labeled (h). (b) A z slice which bisects the radial arms is shown. Additional domains are visible including: the cytoplasmic and nncleoplasmic thin rings ( CR and NR), the radial arms (RA), the inner spoke ring (ISR), and the nuclear envelope border (M). The cytoplasmic ring and attached particles (CP) combine to form a cresent shape in this view. (c) A z slice

Figure

Cross

sections

z

slices

taken

from

maps

of

mforrn

and

dform

NPCs

after

refinement

by

POCs

solvent

flattening

a

and

c

are

slices

cut

along

the

putative

spoke

twofold

axes

b

and

d

are

slices

cut

along

along

the

putative

radial

arm

twofold

axes

b

and

d

are

related

to

a

and

c

by

a

rotation

of

around

the

central

eightfold

axis

a

A

z

slice

which

bisects

the

spokes

of

the

membrane

associated

form

is

shown

Domains

within

the

spokes

are

labeled

including

inner

spoke

domain

IS

central

domain

CS

lumenal

domain

LS

the

inner

vertical

domain

V/

and

the

outer

vertical

domain

An

area

of

weak

interaction

between

the

inner

spoke

domain

and

the

central

spoke

domain

is

labeled

h

b

A

z

slice

which

bisects

the

radial

arms

is

shown

Additional

domains

are

visible

including

the

cytoplasmic

and

nncleoplasmic

thin

rings

CR

and

NR

the

radial

arms

RA

the

inner

spoke

ring

ISR

and

the

nuclear

envelope

border

M

The

cytoplasmic

ring

and

attached

particles

CP

combine

to

form

a

cresent

shape

in

this

view

c

A

z

slice


Figure 2. High-power field of a serrated adenoma with high-grade dysplasia (A) in which there is aberrant nuclear expression of p53 (B) and loss of nuclear expression of O-6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (C).

Figure

High

power

field

of

a

serrated

adenoma

with

high

grade

dysplasia

A

in

which

there

is

aberrant

nuclear

expression

of

B

and

loss

of

nuclear

expression

of

DNA

methyltransferase

C


Fig. 1. Patient 1. Comparison of the MR image of the brain and neuropathological examination. A) Second MRI, FSE/T2WI/coronal plane. Radiating pattern with normal signal intensity along the perivascular spaces in the white matter of both cerebral hemispheres. The cavitary lesions in the internal capsules. Lesions in the cerebral peduncles. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. B) Macroscopic coronal section of the hemispheres. Damage of white matter of corona radiata. Bilateral symmetrical cavities in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and in corpus callosum. Spared U-fibers.

Fig

Patient

Comparison

of

the

MR

image

of

the

brain

and

neuropathological

examination

A

Second

MRI

FSE

coronal

plane

Radiating

pattern

with

normal

signal

intensity

along

the

perivascular

spaces

in

the

white

matter

of

both

cerebral

hemispheres

The

cavitary

lesions

in

the

internal

capsules

Lesions

in

the

cerebral

peduncles

Cerebral

and

cerebellar

atrophy

B

Macroscopic

coronal

section

of

the

hemispheres

Damage

of

white

matter

of

corona

radiata

Bilateral

symmetrical

cavities

in

the

posterior

limb

of

the

internal

capsule

and

in

corpus

callosum

Spared

U

fibers


Figure 4 Schematic drawing (a) and ultrasound image (b) demonstrating our proposed ultrasound definition of the rectovaginal septum (RVS). (a) The RVS is denoted by the double-headed green arrow, below (anatomically) the blue line passing along the lower border of the posterior lip of the cervix. The posterior vaginal fornix lies between the blue line and the red line (the latter passing along the caudal end of the peritoneum of the lower margin of the rectouterine peritoneal pouch (cul-de-sac of Douglas)). (b) The upper delimitation of the RVS is where the blue line passes along the lower border of the posterior lip of the cervix.

Figure

Schematic

drawing

a

and

ultrasound

image

b

demonstrating

our

proposed

ultrasound

definition

of

the

rectovaginal

septum

RVS

a

The

RVS

is

denoted

by

the

double

headed

green

arrow

below

anatomically

the

blue

line

passing

along

the

lower

border

of

the

posterior

lip

of

the

cervix

The

posterior

vaginal

fornix

lies

between

the

blue

line

and

the

red

line

the

latter

passing

along

the

caudal

end

of

the

peritoneum

of

the

lower

margin

of

the

rectouterine

peritoneal

pouch

cul

de

sac

of

Douglas

b

The

upper

delimitation

of

the

RVS

is

where

the

blue

line

passes

along

the

lower

border

of

the

posterior

lip

of

the

cervix


Fig. 3. Testicular ultrasound with bilateral color flow. (A) Right testicle. (B) Left testicle.

Fig

Testicular

ultrasound

with

bilateral

color

flow

A

Right

testicle

B

Left

testicle


Fig. 18.— Sagittal (A), axial (B), coronal (C) and oblique (D) MPR views of the epigastric area obtained in a 54-year-old patient presenting with unusual epigastric pain amplified during deep inspiration. Ultrasonography (not illustrated) was uncontributive but unenhanced MDCT revealed oedema and inflammatory changes of the anteroinferior portion of the lesser omentum. A segmental infarction of the lesser omentum was diagnosed. The evolution was sponteanously resolutive in a few weeks.

Fig

Sagittal

A

axial

B

coronal

C

and

oblique

D

MPR

views

of

the

epigastric

area

obtained

in

a

old

patient

presenting

with

unusual

epigastric

pain

amplified

during

deep

inspiration

Ultrasonography

not

illustrated

was

uncontributive

but

unenhanced

MDCT

revealed

oedema

and

inflammatory

changes

of

the

anteroinferior

portion

of

the

lesser

omentum

A

segmental

infarction

of

the

lesser

omentum

was

diagnosed

The

evolution

was

sponteanously

resolutive

in

a

few

weeks


Fig. 15. Habermeyer group 3 lesion in 38-year-old woman. A, B. Consecutive axial fat-saturated T1-weighted MR arthrographic images show superior GHL lesion (white arrow) with partial tear on articularside of subscapularis tendon (white arrowheads). LHBT (white dotted arrow) shows slight medial subluxation. C. Oblique sagittal fat-saturated T1-weighted MR arthrographic image shows contrast agent entering defect (arrowhead) of superior subscapularis tendon (SSC), consistent with partial tear. LHBT (white dotted arrow) shows contact with superior border of SSC on midsection through lesser tuberosity. LHBT = long head of biceps tendon, SST = supraspinatus tendon

Fig

Habermeyer

group

lesion

in

old

woman

A

B.

Consecutive

axial

fat

saturated

MR

arthrographic

images

show

superior

GHL

lesion

white

arrow

with

partial

tear

on

articularside

of

subscapularis

tendon

white

arrowheads

LHBT

white

dotted

arrow

shows

slight

medial

subluxation

C.

Oblique

sagittal

fat

saturated

MR

arthrographic

image

shows

contrast

agent

entering

defect

arrowhead

of

superior

subscapularis

tendon

SSC

consistent

with

partial

tear

LHBT

white

dotted

arrow

shows

contact

with

superior

border

of

SSC

on

midsection

through

lesser

tuberosity

LHBT

long

head

of

biceps

tendon

SST

supraspinatus

tendon


Fig. 1. Analysis of the expression and knockdown efficiency of a5b1 integrin in the developing murine neocortex. (A) In situ hybridization of coronal brain sections at E14.5 revealed a signal in the VZ ⁄ SVZ for the a5 subunit; the signal for the b1 subunit was widespread throughout the laminar structure of the cerebral cortex and visible in the VZ and SVZ in some areas. Scale bar, 500 lm. (B, C) pcDNA3.1 vector containing an a5 (B) or a6 (C) integrin murine cDNA was cotransfected into HeLa cells with pRNAT-U6.1 ⁄Neo empty vector, the control construct (Ctr), or two different shRNA constructs targeting mouse a5 integrin (R1 and R7). Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were lysed and were subjected to immunoblotting for a5 integrin or a6 integrin. GAPDH and GFP are, respectively, loading and transfection efficiency controls. a5-shRNA constructs were able to decrease a5 integrin expression by 80% (R1) and 40% (R7) but had no detectable effect on expression of the a6 integrin subunit. (D) High magnification of the VZ of E18.5 brain sections after electroporation with R1 a5-shRNA. Immunostaining for a5 integrin (red) and GFP (green) showed a reduction of endogenous a5 integrin expression in the cortical neuronal progenitors compared with the control brain. Scale bar, 50 lm. VZ ⁄ SVZ, ventricular zone ⁄ subventricular zone; IZ, intermediate zone; CP, cortical plate.

Fig

Analysis

of

the

expression

and

knockdown

efficiency

of

integrin

in

the

developing

murine

neocortex

A

In

situ

hybridization

of

coronal

brain

sections

at

revealed

a

signal

in

the

VZ

SVZ

for

the

subunit

the

signal

for

the

subunit

was

widespread

throughout

the

laminar

structure

of

the

cerebral

cortex

and

visible

in

the

VZ

and

SVZ

in

some

areas

Scale

bar

lm

B

C

vector

containing

an

B

or

C

integrin

murine

cDNA

was

cotransfected

into

HeLa

cells

with

pRNAT

⁄Neo

empty

vector

the

control

construct

Ctr

or

two

different

shRNA

constructs

targeting

mouse

integrin

and

Forty

eight

hours

after

transfection

cells

were

lysed

and

were

subjected

to

immunoblotting

for

integrin

or

integrin

GAPDH

and

GFP

are

respectively

loading

and

transfection

efficiency

controls

constructs

were

able

to

decrease

integrin

expression

by

and

but

had

no

detectable

effect

on

expression

of

the

integrin

subunit

D

High

magnification

of

the

VZ

of

brain

sections

after

electroporation

with

Immunostaining

for

integrin

red

and

GFP

green

showed

a

reduction

of

endogenous

integrin

expression

in

the

cortical

neuronal

progenitors

compared

with

the

control

brain

Scale

bar

lm

VZ

SVZ

ventricular

zone

subventricular

zone

IZ

intermediate

zone

CP

cortical

plate


Figure 1: (A) Computed tomography (CT) and (B) PET-CT images of a FDG-avid (SUV = 26) typical bronchogenic carcinoid.

Figure

A

Computed

tomography

CT

and

B

PET

CT

images

of

a

FDG

avid

SUV

typical

bronchogenic

carcinoid


Figure 6. A 21-years old man with bilateral hand muscles weakness, neutral MRI sagittal T2WI (a) showed focal lower cervical cord atrophy without cord hyperintensities. Axial T2WI (b, c) showed anterior flattening of lower cervical cord (arrow), postgadolinium sagittal flexion MRI T1WI (d) showed anterior displacement of posterior dura matter with enhancing posterior epidural lesion and T1 hypointense cerebrospinal fluid flow voids within (block arrow)

Figure

A

old

man

with

bilateral

hand

muscles

weakness

neutral

MRI

sagittal

a

showed

focal

lower

cervical

cord

atrophy

without

cord

hyperintensities

Axial

b

c

showed

anterior

flattening

of

lower

cervical

cord

arrow

postgadolinium

sagittal

flexion

MRI

d

showed

anterior

displacement

of

posterior

dura

matter

with

enhancing

posterior

epidural

lesion

and

hypointense

cerebrospinal

fluid

flow

voids

within

block

arrow


Fig. 1 Classification of the orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns with magnetic resonance imaging. Examples of the four major sulcogyral patterns from four different participants. Patterns were classified into four subtypes (Types I–IV) according to the continuity of the lateral and medial orbital sulci (LOS and MOS, respectively) in the rostrocaudal direction (r rostral, c caudal). Type I refers to continuous LOS and discontinuous MOS (a), Type II refers to continuous LOS and MOS (b), Type III refers to discontinuous LOS and MOS (c), and Type IV refers to continuous MOS and discontinuous LOS (d). Sulcal continuities of the MOS and LOS were determined by evaluating several consecutive axial slices rather than just a single slice. TOS transverse orbital sulcus

Fig

Classification

of

the

orbitofrontal

cortex

sulcogyral

patterns

with

magnetic

resonance

imaging

Examples

of

the

four

major

sulcogyral

patterns

from

four

different

participants

Patterns

were

classified

into

four

subtypes

Types

I

IV

according

to

the

continuity

of

the

lateral

and

medial

orbital

sulci

LOS

and

MOS

respectively

in

the

rostrocaudal

direction

r

rostral

c

caudal

Type

I

refers

to

continuous

LOS

and

discontinuous

MOS

a

Type

II

refers

to

continuous

LOS

and

MOS

b

Type

III

refers

to

discontinuous

LOS

and

MOS

c

and

Type

IV

refers

to

continuous

MOS

and

discontinuous

LOS

d

Sulcal

continuities

of

the

MOS

and

LOS

were

determined

by

evaluating

several

consecutive

axial

slices

rather

than

just

a

single

slice

TOS

transverse

orbital

sulcus


Fig. 2 Lateral trochlear inclination measurement on axial MRI. It is the angle between a line tangential to the subchondral bone of the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and a line along the lateral trochlear facet. a Normal trochlea. b Trochlear dysplasia (9° inclination)

Fig

Lateral

trochlear

inclination

measurement

on

axial

MRI

It

is

the

angle

between

a

line

tangential

to

the

subchondral

bone

of

the

posterior

aspect

of

the

femoral

condyles

and

a

line

along

the

lateral

trochlear

facet

a

Normal

trochlea

b

Trochlear

dysplasia

inclination


Fig 2. Dimensions of the MF. (A) Long diameter (1), Short diameter (2). (B) CBCT sagittal reconstructed slices of the mandible to show the long and short diameters of the MF. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179704.g002

Fig

Dimensions

of

the

MF

A

Long

diameter

Short

diameter

B

CBCT

sagittal

reconstructed

slices

of

the

mandible

to

show

the

long

and

short

diameters

of

the

MF


Fig. 1. StructuralMRI brain scans of the patient. Top panels show coronal sections through the brain of patient AMat the level of themid-temporal lobe for each year. Running vertically below each year’s coronal section are further axial and coronal sections from that year’s MRI scan superimposed on which are the results of the VBM analysis for t ppare a and Ta

Fig

StructuralMRI

brain

scans

of

the

patient

Top

panels

show

coronal

sections

through

the

brain

of

patient

AMat

the

level

of

themid

temporal

lobe

for

each

year

Running

vertically

below

each

year

’s

coronal

section

are

further

axial

and

coronal

sections

from

that

year

’s

MRI

scan

superimposed

on

which

are

the

results

of

the

VBM

analysis

for

t

ppare

a

and

Ta


Figure 2 MRI, T2-weighted axial (A) and coronal (B) views of the right foot. Note the increased signal intensity at the second metatarsal head.

Figure

MRI

axial

A

and

coronal

B

views

of

the

right

foot

Note

the

increased

signal

intensity

at

the

second

metatarsal

head


Figure 2. Serial ultrasonic images of the medial gastrocnemius muscle under CM conditions The muscle belly of the medial gastrocnemius was scanned (top). The fascicles of the gastrocnemius (the line in each image was drawn along the fascicle in the centre of image) can be seen between the superficial (proximal) and deep (distal) aponeuroses (white horizontal echoes). The images were recorded at 65 Hz. In this figure, serial images were curtailed and arranged sequentially, the value to the right of each image shows the time before toe-off (end of movement). To the far right images of the foot position in relation to the recordings are also shown. It can be seen that fascicle length is longest at transition from dorsiflexion to plantar flexion.

Figure

Serial

ultrasonic

images

of

the

medial

gastrocnemius

muscle

under

CM

conditions

The

muscle

belly

of

the

medial

gastrocnemius

was

scanned

top

The

fascicles

of

the

gastrocnemius

the

line

in

each

image

was

drawn

along

the

fascicle

in

the

centre

of

image

can

be

seen

between

the

superficial

proximal

and

deep

distal

aponeuroses

white

horizontal

echoes

The

images

were

recorded

at

Hz

In

this

figure

serial

images

were

curtailed

and

arranged

sequentially

the

value

to

the

right

of

each

image

shows

the

time

before

toe

off

end

of

movement

To

the

far

right

images

of

the

foot

position

in

relation

to

the

recordings

are

also

shown

It

can

be

seen

that

fascicle

length

is

longest

at

transition

from

dorsiflexion

to

plantar

flexion


Figure 3. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of accessory breast tissue in a 42-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. A, Sonogram showing accessory breast tissue in the right axilla. B and C, Axial T1-weighted (B) and T2-weighted (C) MRI showing accessory breast tissue (arrows) with a signal intensity similar to that of the rest of the breast parenchyma. D and E, Axial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed subtraction T1-weighted MRI showing the accessory breast tissue (arrow) with contrast enhancement similar to the background parenchymal enhancement of the breast. A biopsy-confirmed malignancy (arrowhead) is shown in the left breast.

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

findings

of

accessory

breast

tissue

in

a

old

woman

with

invasive

ductal

carcinoma

of

the

left

breast

A

Sonogram

showing

accessory

breast

tissue

in

the

right

axilla

B

and

C

Axial

B

and

C

MRI

showing

accessory

breast

tissue

arrows

with

a

signal

intensity

similar

to

that

of

the

rest

of

the

breast

parenchyma

D

and

E

Axial

contrast

enhanced

fat

suppressed

subtraction

MRI

showing

the

accessory

breast

tissue

arrow

with

contrast

enhancement

similar

to

the

background

parenchymal

enhancement

of

the

breast

A

biopsy

confirmed

malignancy

arrowhead

is

shown

in

the

left

breast


Fig. 3. A: Electrocardiogram demonstrating normal sinus rhythm with left deviation of the heart axis. B: Bulging contour of the left superior cardiac border. C: Apical four chamber view: echocardiography showed a laterally displaced left ventricular apex. D: The cardiac CT revealed absence of the pericardium at the left side of the heart (yellow arrows).

Fig

A

Electrocardiogram

demonstrating

normal

sinus

rhythm

with

left

deviation

of

the

heart

axis

B

Bulging

contour

of

the

left

superior

cardiac

border

C

Apical

four

chamber

view

echocardiography

showed

a

laterally

displaced

left

ventricular

apex

D

The

cardiac

CT

revealed

absence

of

the

pericardium

at

the

left

side

of

the

heart

yellow

arrows


Fig. 4. Contrast-enhanced axial (left) and sagittal (right) T 1 -weighted MR images of the brain. The fourth ventricle is enlarged and the membrane rounded. The scolex of the cyst is seen as an area of increased signal intensity in the inferior part of the ventricle (right).

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

axial

left

and

sagittal

right

T

-weighted

MR

images

of

the

brain

The

fourth

ventricle

is

enlarged

and

the

membrane

rounded

The

scolex

of

the

cyst

is

seen

as

an

area

of

increased

signal

intensity

in

the

inferior

part

of

the

ventricle

right


Fig. 1. 53-year-old man with paraaortic lesion. A. Diagnostic axial contrast enhanced CT scan that was obtained prior to biopsy procedure with patient in supine position shows 2-cm paraaortic mass lesion (arrow). B. Initial axial CT scan obtained with patient in prone position shows tracking scale crossing retrocaval mass lesion. Distance from skin to leading edge of lesion was 10 cm. C. CT fluoroscopic image obtained during biopsy procedure shows safe insertion of biopsy needle (arrow) into lesion. Pathologic diagnosis was nodular sclerosis of Hodgkin’s disease. D. CT scan immediately after two punctures reveals no complications.

Fig

old

man

with

paraaortic

lesion

A.

Diagnostic

axial

contrast

enhanced

CT

scan

that

was

obtained

prior

to

biopsy

procedure

with

patient

in

supine

position

shows

paraaortic

mass

lesion

arrow

B.

Initial

axial

CT

scan

obtained

with

patient

in

prone

position

shows

tracking

scale

crossing

retrocaval

mass

lesion

Distance

from

skin

to

leading

edge

of

lesion

was

cm

C.

CT

fluoroscopic

image

obtained

during

biopsy

procedure

shows

safe

insertion

of

biopsy

needle

arrow

into

lesion

Pathologic

diagnosis

was

nodular

sclerosis

of

Hodgkin

’s

disease

D.

CT

scan

immediately

after

two

punctures

reveals

no

complications


Figure 2. Patient presenting with a swelling of the first digit inter-phalangeal joint. Late phase bone scintigraphy (a): increased fixation centered on the extremity of the first digit. Standard radiograph (b): demineralization of the phalanx, thinning of the external border of the proximal cortex of the first pharynx indicating early dactylitis.

Figure

Patient

presenting

with

a

swelling

of

the

first

digit

inter

phalangeal

joint

Late

phase

bone

scintigraphy

a

increased

fixation

centered

on

the

extremity

of

the

first

digit

Standard

radiograph

b

demineralization

of

the

phalanx

thinning

of

the

external

border

of

the

proximal

cortex

of

the

first

pharynx

indicating

early

dactylitis


Fig. 29 Top: original healthy meniscal MRI; middle: the output of algorithm proposed in [47], meniscal tear is speciously detectable; bottom: the output of proposed algorithm

Fig

Top

original

healthy

meniscal

MRI

middle

the

output

of

algorithm

proposed

in

meniscal

tear

is

speciously

detectable

bottom

the

output

of

proposed

algorithm


Figure 1 Transthoracic echocardiogram without and with definity contrast demonstrated absence of thrombus. A: Parasternal short axis of transthoracic echocardiogram; B: Apical 4-chamber of transthoracic echocardiogram; C: Apical 2-chamber of transthoracic echocardiogram; D: Parasternal short axis transthoracic echocardiogram with definity contrast; E: Apical 4-chamber transthoracic echocardiogram with definity contrast; F: Apical 2-chamber transthoracic echocardiogram with definity contrast. There is an inferior wall aneurysm (red star). LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; RV: Right ventricle; RA: Right atrium.

Figure

Transthoracic

echocardiogram

without

and

with

definity

contrast

demonstrated

absence

of

thrombus

A

Parasternal

short

axis

of

transthoracic

echocardiogram

B

Apical

of

transthoracic

echocardiogram

C

Apical

of

transthoracic

echocardiogram

D

Parasternal

short

axis

transthoracic

echocardiogram

with

definity

contrast

E

Apical

transthoracic

echocardiogram

with

definity

contrast

F

Apical

transthoracic

echocardiogram

with

definity

contrast

There

is

an

inferior

wall

aneurysm

red

star

LA

Left

atrium

LV

Left

ventricle

RV

Right

ventricle

RA

Right

atrium


Fig. 1 The axial T2-weighted (a) and coronal (b) images show high-intensity area on the right cerebellopontine angle. The branches of anterior inferior cerebellar artery are displaced by the cyst and compress the root exit zone of the facial nerve (solid arrow).

Fig

The

axial

a

and

coronal

b

images

show

high

intensity

area

on

the

right

cerebellopontine

angle

The

branches

of

anterior

inferior

cerebellar

artery

are

displaced

by

the

cyst

and

compress

the

root

exit

zone

of

the

facial

nerve

solid

arrow


Fig. 6. Detection of apoptosis in oocytes extruded from buffalo PFs cultured in vitro. (A) Control group oocyte showing TUNEL-negative staining. (B) SNP (10 3 M)-treated PFs oocyte showing TUNEL-positive staining (nuclear brown staining; arrow). Scale bars = 50 μm.

Fig

Detection

of

apoptosis

in

oocytes

extruded

from

buffalo

PFs

cultured

in

vitro

A

Control

group

oocyte

showing

TUNEL

negative

staining

B

SNP

M)-treated

PFs

oocyte

showing

TUNEL

positive

staining

nuclear

brown

staining

arrow

Scale

bars

μm


FIG. 1. Cranial MRI at age 15 years showing remarkable cerebellar atrophy: (A) axial T1 weighted image; (B) sagittal T1 weighted image.

FIG

Cranial

MRI

at

age

years

showing

remarkable

cerebellar

atrophy

A

axial

weighted

image

B

sagittal

weighted

image


Fig. 1. Axial and sagittal ultrasound images shown superimposed with bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectum contours from the treatment planning CT.

Fig

Axial

and

sagittal

ultrasound

images

shown

superimposed

with

bladder

prostate

seminal

vesicles

and

rectum

contours

from

the

treatment

planning

CT


Fig. 1. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showing a solitary cysticercus granuloma (right); follow up computed tomography showing complete resolution of the lesion (left).

Fig

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

showing

a

solitary

cysticercus

granuloma

right

follow

up

computed

tomography

showing

complete

resolution

of

the

lesion

left


Fig. 2 Cystadenofibroma in a 54-year-old woman. (a) Axial and (b) coronal T2-weighted images show a predominantly cystic mass with small areas of fibrous stroma along the wall characterized by homogeneous low signal intensity (white arrows). (c) Axial and (d) coronal contrast-enhanced fatsuppressed T1-weighted images show minimum enhancement of the cystic wall and of the fibrous component (white arrows)

Fig

Cystadenofibroma

in

a

old

woman

a

Axial

and

b

coronal

images

show

a

predominantly

cystic

mass

with

small

areas

of

fibrous

stroma

along

the

wall

characterized

by

homogeneous

low

signal

intensity

white

arrows

c

Axial

and

d

coronal

contrast

enhanced

fatsuppressed

images

show

minimum

enhancement

of

the

cystic

wall

and

of

the

fibrous

component

white

arrows


Figure 4: Computed tomography (CT) image acquired on the day of discharge showed an intact brain with a clip (a,b) CT angiography after 2 weeks showed obliteration of the aneurysm and ideal flow of the parent artery (c)

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

image

acquired

on

the

day

of

discharge

showed

an

intact

brain

with

a

clip

a

b

CT

angiography

after

weeks

showed

obliteration

of

the

aneurysm

and

ideal

flow

of

the

parent

artery

c


Figure 2 Test results of a 60-year-old Hispanic female on Plaquenil for 6 years for treatment of dermatomyositis (maximum daily dose of 4.63 mg/kg/day and cumulative dose of 876 g, BCVA 20/20 À 1 ). (a) Microperimetry Polar 3 test grid superimposed on the scanning laser ophthalmoscope infrared image showing reduced mean retinal sensitivity (13.4 dB). Small white crosses indicate fixation. (b) Corresponding spectral-domain optical coherence tomography thickness at each of the 28 Polar 3 tested points shows no retinal thinning. (c)Automated 10-2 Humphrey visual field shows a normal pattern deviation. (d) Fundus autofluorescence shows no retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities. (e) Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography B-scan image shows normal retinal thickness and an intact inner segment-outer segment junction of the photoreceptors.

Figure

Test

results

of

a

old

Hispanic

female

on

Plaquenil

for

years

for

treatment

of

dermatomyositis

maximum

daily

dose

of

mg

kg

day

and

cumulative

dose

of

g

BCVA

À

a

Microperimetry

Polar

test

grid

superimposed

on

the

scanning

laser

ophthalmoscope

infrared

image

showing

reduced

mean

retinal

sensitivity

dB

Small

white

crosses

indicate

fixation

b

Corresponding

spectral

domain

optical

coherence

tomography

thickness

at

each

of

the

Polar

tested

points

shows

no

retinal

thinning

c)Automated

Humphrey

visual

field

shows

a

normal

pattern

deviation

d

Fundus

autofluorescence

shows

no

retinal

pigment

epithelium

abnormalities

e

Spectral

domain

optical

coherence

tomography

B

scan

image

shows

normal

retinal

thickness

and

an

intact

inner

segment

outer

segment

junction

of

the

photoreceptors


Figure 2. The sheath (A) and guidewire (B) (arrows) can be clearly visualized under ultrasound.

Figure

The

sheath

A

and

guidewire

B

arrows

can

be

clearly

visualized

under

ultrasound


Figure 3: Four years postoperative axial (a and b), sagittal (c and d), a coronal (e) T1‑weighted MR images with gadolinium demonstrating further slow growth of both lesions described in Figure 2

Figure

Four

years

postoperative

axial

a

and

b

sagittal

c

and

d

a

coronal

e

MR

images

with

gadolinium

demonstrating

further

slow

growth

of

both

lesions

described

in

Figure


Fig. 1. Axial (A) and coronal (B) computed tomography images demonstrating focal bronchiectasis in both the right middle lobe and lingula, characteristic of Lady Windermere syndrome.

Fig

Axial

A

and

coronal

B

computed

tomography

images

demonstrating

focal

bronchiectasis

in

both

the

right

middle

lobe

and

lingula

characteristic

of

Lady

Windermere

syndrome


Fig. 21 Chronic anaemia. Sagittal head CT (a) depicts widening of the diploic space (thick arrows). Axial T1-weighted (b), axial T2-weighted (c) and sagittal T1-weighted (d) images portray widening of the diploic space with generalised T1 and T2 marrow hypointensity (arrowheads) consistent with red marrow hyperplasia in this patient with sickle-cell anaemia

Fig

Chronic

anaemia

Sagittal

head

CT

a

depicts

widening

of

the

diploic

space

thick

arrows

Axial

b

axial

c

and

sagittal

d

images

portray

widening

of

the

diploic

space

with

generalised

and

marrow

hypointensity

arrowheads

consistent

with

red

marrow

hyperplasia

in

this

patient

with

sickle

cell

anaemia


Fig 1. PC-MRI for quantification of total CBF. (a) A PC-MRI scan for measuring mean tCBF was prescribed on a PC-MRI sagittal localizer image perpendicular to the carotid arteries at the level of the mid basilar artery. (b) A representative phase image demonstrating the right and left internal carotid arteries (R.ICA and L.ICA) together with the basilar artery (BA).

Fig

PC

MRI

for

quantification

of

total

CBF

a

A

PC

MRI

scan

for

measuring

mean

tCBF

was

prescribed

on

a

PC

MRI

sagittal

localizer

image

perpendicular

to

the

carotid

arteries

at

the

level

of

the

mid

basilar

artery

b

A

representative

phase

image

demonstrating

the

right

and

left

internal

carotid

arteries

R.ICA

and

L.ICA

together

with

the

basilar

artery

BA


Figure 3: Follow-up MRI Cervical Spine with Contrast: Three month follow-up MRI (T1 and T2-weighted) of cervical spine demonstrating complete resolution of hematoma with moderate stenosis from pre-existing osteophyte complexes emanating from the vertebral bodies of C2-C4. (a) Follow-up Sagittal T2-Weighted MRI, (b) Followup Sagittal T1-Weighted MRI

Figure

Follow

up

MRI

Cervical

Spine

with

Contrast

Three

month

follow

up

MRI

and

of

cervical

spine

demonstrating

complete

resolution

of

hematoma

with

moderate

stenosis

from

pre

existing

osteophyte

complexes

emanating

from

the

vertebral

bodies

of

a

Follow

up

Sagittal

MRI

b

Followup

Sagittal

MRI


Fig. 2 This 49-year-old lady presented with a 6-week history of reduced vision in the left eye. Visual acuity at presentation was 6/12 in the affected eye, which also showed a chorioretinal scar from a past toxoplasmosis-related chorioretinitis. Fluoresceine angiography revealed a parafoveal spot of active leakage from early- (a) through mid- (b) to late-phase (c). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) confirmed the presence of a vascular network (d) between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane (e). Structurally, this corresponded to pigment changes on infrared imaging (f) and subretinal fluid next to a fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment on OCT (g)

Fig

This

old

lady

presented

with

a

history

of

reduced

vision

in

the

left

eye

Visual

acuity

at

presentation

was

in

the

affected

eye

which

also

showed

a

chorioretinal

scar

from

a

past

toxoplasmosis

related

chorioretinitis

Fluoresceine

angiography

revealed

a

parafoveal

spot

of

active

leakage

from

early-

a

through

mid-

b

to

late

phase

c

Optical

coherence

tomography

angiography

OCTA

confirmed

the

presence

of

a

vascular

network

d

between

the

retinal

pigment

epithelium

and

Bruch

’s

membrane

e

Structurally

this

corresponded

to

pigment

changes

on

infrared

imaging

f

and

subretinal

fluid

next

to

a

fibrovascular

pigment

epithelial

detachment

on

OCT

g


Fig. 2. (A) Arthroscopic view of a stifle documenting the measurement of the distance between the medial femoral condyle (mFC) and the tibial articular cartilage. Visualization was scored by using the tip of the probe. (B and C) Digital imaging and a computer software program were used to trace the entire surface of the articular cartilage, the area of damaged articular cartilage (which was stained with India ink), and to calculate the percentage area of cartilage damage for both the femoral and tibial surfaces. mM, medial meniscus; MP, meniscal probe; pTAC, proximal tibial articular cartilage.

Fig

A

Arthroscopic

view

of

a

stifle

documenting

the

measurement

of

the

distance

between

the

medial

femoral

condyle

mFC

and

the

tibial

articular

cartilage

Visualization

was

scored

by

using

the

tip

of

the

probe

B

and

C

Digital

imaging

and

a

computer

software

program

were

used

to

trace

the

entire

surface

of

the

articular

cartilage

the

area

of

damaged

articular

cartilage

which

was

stained

with

India

ink

and

to

calculate

the

percentage

area

of

cartilage

damage

for

both

the

femoral

and

tibial

surfaces

mM

medial

meniscus

MP

meniscal

probe

pTAC

proximal

tibial

articular

cartilage


Fig. 3 Assignment of tissue values. ROIs were delineated in a clinical MR (a). Similar contrast values were imposed to the tissues in the attenuation image generated with the XCAT phantom. Panes b, c and d represent the sagittal, transaxial and axial views of the XCAT phantom, respectively, after conversion to MR-like contrast values

Fig

Assignment

of

tissue

values

ROIs

were

delineated

in

a

clinical

MR

a

Similar

contrast

values

were

imposed

to

the

tissues

in

the

attenuation

image

generated

with

the

XCAT

phantom

Panes

b

c

and

d

represent

the

sagittal

transaxial

and

axial

views

of

the

XCAT

phantom

respectively

after

conversion

to

MR

like

contrast

values


Fig. 2. (A) Photomicrographs showing a lesion composed of nodules of hyaline cartilage with overlying flattened synovial lining (arrow) (H&E, ×50). (B) The chondrocytes are clustered and exhibit nuclear atypia with binucleation and hyperchromatic nuclei (H&E, ×100). (C) Histological features are characteristic of synovial chondromatosis (arrowhead) (H&E, ×200).

Fig

A

Photomicrographs

showing

a

lesion

composed

of

nodules

of

hyaline

cartilage

with

overlying

flattened

synovial

lining

arrow

H&E

B

The

chondrocytes

are

clustered

and

exhibit

nuclear

atypia

with

binucleation

and

hyperchromatic

nuclei

H&E

C

Histological

features

are

characteristic

of

synovial

chondromatosis

arrowhead

H&E


Fig. 4. Transmission electron microscopy of vehicle-treated and extract-treated Jurkat cells. Treatment with D. seychellarum extract induces morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. (A) Vehicle-treated cells show typical cell morphology with (B) intact mitochondria and, (C) intact nuclear membrane bilayer (arrow). (D) Cells treated with 250 μg/mL of extract for 18 hr show an increase in electron rich chromatin condensation compared to vehicle treated cells (arrowhead), (E) swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae, and (F) a loss of the nuclear membrane bilayer. Scale bars: A and D = 5 μm; B and E = 200 nm; C and F = 20 nm (n=1)

Fig

Transmission

electron

microscopy

of

vehicle

treated

and

extract

treated

Jurkat

cells

Treatment

with

D.

seychellarum

extract

induces

morphological

changes

characteristic

of

apoptosis

A

Vehicle

treated

cells

show

typical

cell

morphology

with

B

intact

mitochondria

and

C

intact

nuclear

membrane

bilayer

arrow

D

Cells

treated

with

μg

mL

of

extract

for

hr

show

an

increase

in

electron

rich

chromatin

condensation

compared

to

vehicle

treated

cells

arrowhead

E

swollen

mitochondria

with

disrupted

cristae

and

F

a

loss

of

the

nuclear

membrane

bilayer

Scale

bars

A

and

D

μm

B

and

E

nm

C

and

F

nm


Figure 1 Color Doppler ultrasound and anterior segment photograph of a 36-month-old child with congenital cataract and anterior PHPV in Case 4 A: A retrolental vascular fibrous membrane is found using color Doppler ultrasound; B: The remnant fetal vessels that integrate with the anterior and posterior capsule and iris have formed the retrolental vascular fibrous membrane; C: Some neovascularization integrated with the anterior and posterior capsule or iris is being cauterized using underwater electric coagulation; D: Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis of 6.0 mm and 4.0 mm respectively, have been made in the anterior and posterior capsule; E: A posterior chamber IOL has been implanted into the double capsulorhexis capsular bag; F: The anterior segment photograph of the slip-lamp after implantation of the IOL, taken 90d after the surgery.

Figure

Color

Doppler

ultrasound

and

anterior

segment

photograph

of

a

old

child

with

congenital

cataract

and

anterior

PHPV

in

Case

A

A

retrolental

vascular

fibrous

membrane

is

found

using

color

Doppler

ultrasound

B

The

remnant

fetal

vessels

that

integrate

with

the

anterior

and

posterior

capsule

and

iris

have

formed

the

retrolental

vascular

fibrous

membrane

C

Some

neovascularization

integrated

with

the

anterior

and

posterior

capsule

or

iris

is

being

cauterized

using

underwater

electric

coagulation

D

Continuous

curvilinear

capsulorhexis

of

mm

and

mm

respectively

have

been

made

in

the

anterior

and

posterior

capsule

E

A

posterior

chamber

IOL

has

been

implanted

into

the

double

capsulorhexis

capsular

bag

F

The

anterior

segment

photograph

of

the

slip

lamp

after

implantation

of

the

IOL

taken

after

the

surgery


Figure 1. (A), The lack of hair (alopecia) in the left parieto-temporal area; (B), The lack of hair (alopecia) in the right parietotemporal area, the head alongated in the vertical axis and the low-set ears; (C), The head elongated in the vertical axis and deformed corpus callosum - CC (MRI, sagittal plane). CC deformation is expressed in arching of the middle part of the CC.

Figure

A

The

lack

of

hair

alopecia

in

the

left

parieto

temporal

area

B

The

lack

of

hair

alopecia

in

the

right

parietotemporal

area

the

head

alongated

in

the

vertical

axis

and

the

low

set

ears

C

The

head

elongated

in

the

vertical

axis

and

deformed

corpus

callosum

CC

MRI

sagittal

plane

CC

deformation

is

expressed

in

arching

of

the

middle

part

of

the

CC


Figure 5. Expression pattern of PPEF, as revealed by in situ hybridization in a 13.5 day old mouse embryo. (A) Autoradiography of a sagittal section shows expression restricted to the trigeminal ganglion and the dorsal root ganglia. Sagittal sections through the head show PPEF expression in the trigeminal ganglion ( B). A strong hybridization signal is present in the dorsal root ganglia, as displayed in a sagittal section (C) and in a transverse section (D). Ppef positive signal is also present in the inner ear (E) and in a group of neurons located at the pons/midbrain junction (arrow in F). Abbreviations: tg, trigeminal ganglion; g, geniculate ganglion; va, vestibuloacoustic ganglion; drg, dorsal root ganglia; sc, spinal cord; ie, inner ear.

Figure

Expression

pattern

of

PPEF

as

revealed

by

in

situ

hybridization

in

a

day

old

mouse

embryo

A

Autoradiography

of

a

sagittal

section

shows

expression

restricted

to

the

trigeminal

ganglion

and

the

dorsal

root

ganglia

Sagittal

sections

through

the

head

show

PPEF

expression

in

the

trigeminal

ganglion

B

A

strong

hybridization

signal

is

present

in

the

dorsal

root

ganglia

as

displayed

in

a

sagittal

section

C

and

in

a

transverse

section

D

Ppef

positive

signal

is

also

present

in

the

inner

ear

E

and

in

a

group

of

neurons

located

at

the

pons

midbrain

junction

arrow

in

F

Abbreviations

tg

trigeminal

ganglion

g

geniculate

ganglion

va

vestibuloacoustic

ganglion

drg

dorsal

root

ganglia

sc

spinal

cord

ie

inner

ear


Figure 2. Abdominal CT scan following administration of oral contrast. (A) The adrenal mass was enhanced by oral contrast material shortly after staining the stomach and duodenum, and a bubble/shadow was observed within the mass (arrow). (B) Another CT image showed a connection between the adrenal mass and the stomach (arrow). (C) Transverse view following administration of oral contrast agent shortly after staining the stomach and duodenum. CT, computed tomography.

Figure

Abdominal

CT

scan

following

administration

of

oral

contrast

A

The

adrenal

mass

was

enhanced

by

oral

contrast

material

shortly

after

staining

the

stomach

and

duodenum

and

a

bubble

shadow

was

observed

within

the

mass

arrow

B

Another

CT

image

showed

a

connection

between

the

adrenal

mass

and

the

stomach

arrow

C

Transverse

view

following

administration

of

oral

contrast

agent

shortly

after

staining

the

stomach

and

duodenum

CT

computed

tomography


Figure 3. Insula activation in migraine. (A) Resting state: Group comparison maps showing higher default mode network connectivity in migraine versus healthy controls in the right and left anterior insula respectively. Adapted from (Xue and others 2012) with permission. (B) Chronicity: Functional connections with affective pain regions have been shown to differ between patients with chronic migraine (CM) and healthy controls. The connectivity strength of the anterior insula was correlated with the number of years of CM ((from Schwedt and others 2013) with permission). (C) Interictal noxious heat: fMRI contrast analysis of high-frequency versus low-frequency migraineurs in response to a +1°C pain threshold shows significant differences in the contralateral anterior insula in addition and bilateral inferior circular insula. These findings were co-localized with observed structural differences in the inferior circular insula (shown in green). Adapted from (Maleki and others 2012a) with permission. (D) Sex differences: Maps illustrating sex differences between male and female migraineurs in the insula. (Left) Males have higher fMRI activation in response to painful heat in the insula compared with females; whereas (right) insula cortical thickness is increased in females compared with males. Adapted from (Maleki and others 2012b) with permission. (E) Ictal state: PET measures of spontaneous migraine show right insula activation. Adapted from Afridi and others (2005a) with permission. (F) Salience network: fMRI resting state functional connectivity using the left anterior insula (aINS) as a seed region. Teal represents resting state functional connectivity for healthy controls and purple for migraine subjects. Light violet represents the areas showing overlap. Shows connectivity patterns consistent with the salience network (SN). Results indicate an increased connection to the SN in migraine subjects. Adapted from (Hubbard and others 2014) with permission.

Figure

Insula

activation

in

migraine

A

Resting

state

Group

comparison

maps

showing

higher

default

mode

network

connectivity

in

migraine

versus

healthy

controls

in

the

right

and

left

anterior

insula

respectively

Adapted

from

Xue

and

others

with

permission

B

Chronicity

Functional

connections

with

affective

pain

regions

have

been

shown

to

differ

between

patients

with

chronic

migraine

CM

and

healthy

controls

The

connectivity

strength

of

the

anterior

insula

was

correlated

with

the

number

of

years

of

CM

from

Schwedt

and

others

with

permission

C

Interictal

noxious

heat

fMRI

contrast

analysis

of

high

frequency

versus

low

frequency

migraineurs

in

response

to

a

C

pain

threshold

shows

significant

differences

in

the

contralateral

anterior

insula

in

addition

and

bilateral

inferior

circular

insula

These

findings

were

co

localized

with

observed

structural

differences

in

the

inferior

circular

insula

shown

in

green

Adapted

from

Maleki

and

others

with

permission

D

Sex

differences

Maps

illustrating

sex

differences

between

male

and

female

migraineurs

in

the

insula

Left

Males

have

higher

fMRI

activation

in

response

to

painful

heat

in

the

insula

compared

with

females

whereas

right

insula

cortical

thickness

is

increased

in

females

compared

with

males

Adapted

from

Maleki

and

others

with

permission

E

Ictal

state

PET

measures

of

spontaneous

migraine

show

right

insula

activation

Adapted

from

Afridi

and

others

with

permission

F

Salience

network

fMRI

resting

state

functional

connectivity

using

the

left

anterior

insula

aINS

as

a

seed

region

Teal

represents

resting

state

functional

connectivity

for

healthy

controls

and

purple

for

migraine

subjects

Light

violet

represents

the

areas

showing

overlap

Shows

connectivity

patterns

consistent

with

the

salience

network

SN

Results

indicate

an

increased

connection

to

the

SN

in

migraine

subjects

Adapted

from

Hubbard

and

others

with

permission


Figure 1. Retained deciduous teeth and multiple impacted permanent teeth in cleidocranial displasia patient. (a) Intraoral photograph pre-treatment. (b) Periapical film of retained primary maxillary incisors and their successors. (c) Unerupted maxillary central incisors covered by dental follicle were surgically exposed. (d) Panoramic radiograph of the patient’s father.

Figure

Retained

deciduous

teeth

and

multiple

impacted

permanent

teeth

in

cleidocranial

displasia

patient

a

Intraoral

photograph

pre

treatment

b

Periapical

film

of

retained

primary

maxillary

incisors

and

their

successors

c

Unerupted

maxillary

central

incisors

covered

by

dental

follicle

were

surgically

exposed

d

Panoramic

radiograph

of

the

patient

’s

father


FIGURE 1 Human sperm treated with alkaline thiogycolate and followed by phase-contrast microscopy . Fig . 1 a shows an early stage of treatment . The sperm head membranes are relatively intact. Fig. 1 b, the head membranes have ruptured and the exposed nucleus begins to expand . A portion of the acrosomal cap is attached to the nucleus tip . Fig . 1 c, the nucleus becomes diffuse with the acrosomal cap still adhering to the tip. Fig . 1 d, the final stage of nuclear exposure showing the head cap expelled and the nucleus in an expanded state. Scale marker, 5 ,u. X 1900 .

FIGURE

Human

sperm

treated

with

alkaline

thiogycolate

and

followed

by

phase

contrast

microscopy

Fig

a

shows

an

early

stage

of

treatment

The

sperm

head

membranes

are

relatively

intact

Fig

b

the

head

membranes

have

ruptured

and

the

exposed

nucleus

begins

to

expand

A

portion

of

the

acrosomal

cap

is

attached

to

the

nucleus

tip

Fig

c

the

nucleus

becomes

diffuse

with

the

acrosomal

cap

still

adhering

to

the

tip

Fig

d

the

final

stage

of

nuclear

exposure

showing

the

head

cap

expelled

and

the

nucleus

in

an

expanded

state

Scale

marker

u.

X


Figure 1. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) images of an air-dried lung section three days post instillation of ZrO 2 nanoparticles. (a) Signal distributions for P, S, and Zr, and Zr with superimposed region-of-interest (ROI, grey area). P and S are assumed to be cellular components found within the tissue at elevated levels. The Zr signals resemble accumulations of nanoparticles; (b) Histogram of nanoparticle (NP) loading across a population of cells indicated by the green ROIs 1-8.

Figure

Particle

induced

X

ray

emission

PIXE

images

of

an

air

dried

lung

section

three

days

post

instillation

of

ZrO

nanoparticles

a

Signal

distributions

for

P

S

and

Zr

and

Zr

with

superimposed

region

of

interest

ROI

grey

area

P

and

S

are

assumed

to

be

cellular

components

found

within

the

tissue

at

elevated

levels

The

Zr

signals

resemble

accumulations

of

nanoparticles

b

Histogram

of

nanoparticle

NP

loading

across

a

population

of

cells

indicated

by

the

green

ROIs


Fig. 2. Plain abdominal computed tomography scan. a. the mass in the sigmoid colon cancer (arrow) and dilated small bowel (arrowhead), b. dilation of the colon proximal to the tumor (arrow).

Fig

Plain

abdominal

computed

tomography

scan

a.

the

mass

in

the

sigmoid

colon

cancer

arrow

and

dilated

small

bowel

arrowhead

b.

dilation

of

the

colon

proximal

to

the

tumor

arrow


Fig. 2. The gametosome plays a critical role in spindle orientation. (A) Timelapse imaging of mCherry–α-tubulin during the first division of the gametophore initial. Images were recorded every 15 s. Time 0 corresponds to the timing of NEBD. MTs emanated from the gametosome penetrate into the nucleus upon NEBD. Subsequent MT amplification and bipolarization leads to metaphase spindle formation (300 s). (B) Time-lapse imaging of mCherry– α-tubulin in a cell transiently treated with oryzalin. Before the first division in the gametophore initial, cells were treated with 20 μM oryzalin (−22 min), which destabilized the gametosome. Oryzalin was washed out upon NEBD (time 0), and images were recorded every 15 s. MTs were nucleated in a

Fig

The

gametosome

plays

a

critical

role

in

spindle

orientation

A

Timelapse

imaging

of

mCherry

α

tubulin

during

the

first

division

of

the

gametophore

initial

Images

were

recorded

every

s.

Time

corresponds

to

the

timing

of

NEBD

MTs

emanated

from

the

gametosome

penetrate

into

the

nucleus

upon

NEBD

Subsequent

MT

amplification

and

bipolarization

leads

to

metaphase

spindle

formation

s

B

Time

lapse

imaging

of

mCherry

α

tubulin

in

a

cell

transiently

treated

with

oryzalin

Before

the

first

division

in

the

gametophore

initial

cells

were

treated

with

μM

oryzalin

min

which

destabilized

the

gametosome

Oryzalin

was

washed

out

upon

NEBD

time

and

images

were

recorded

every

s.

MTs

were

nucleated

in

a


Fig. 7 Spondylosis in the upper lumbar spine (35-year-old male with back pain). Plain radiography of the lumbar spine: a AP view, b lateral view, c right posterior oblique view, d left posterior oblique view. a A defect runs obliquely below the pedicle (arrow). The spinous process at L2 is slightly deviated (arrow head). Spina bifida at L5 is

Fig

Spondylosis

in

the

upper

lumbar

spine

old

male

with

back

pain

Plain

radiography

of

the

lumbar

spine

a

AP

view

b

lateral

view

c

right

posterior

oblique

view

d

left

posterior

oblique

view

a

A

defect

runs

obliquely

below

the

pedicle

arrow

The

spinous

process

at

is

slightly

deviated

arrow

head

Spina

bifida

at

is


Fig. 4 Coronal slice of tumor patient dataset (P2): (a) color-coded A-Glyph LIC, (b) color-coded FA, (c) color-coded A-Glyph LIC fused with T1, and (d) tractography result (dotted circles represent the seed ROI)

Fig

Coronal

slice

of

tumor

patient

dataset

a

color

coded

A

Glyph

LIC

b

color

coded

FA

c

color

coded

A

Glyph

LIC

fused

with

and

d

tractography

result

dotted

circles

represent

the

seed

ROI


Figure 2 Comparison of the chest X-ray film and the fluoroscopic image. (A) Chest X-ray, posteroanterior view, showing a smooth mass (white arrow) to the right of right tracheobronchial angle (black arrow). (B) Fluoroscopic image of venogram taken through a pigtail catheter placed in the dilated azygos vein. White arrow represents the dilated azygos vein entering the superior vena cava, corresponding to the smooth mass on chest X-ray while the black arrow corresponds to the right tracheobronchial angle.

Figure

Comparison

of

the

chest

X

ray

film

and

the

fluoroscopic

image

A

Chest

X

ray

posteroanterior

view

showing

a

smooth

mass

white

arrow

to

the

right

of

right

tracheobronchial

angle

black

arrow

B

Fluoroscopic

image

of

venogram

taken

through

a

pigtail

catheter

placed

in

the

dilated

azygos

vein

White

arrow

represents

the

dilated

azygos

vein

entering

the

superior

vena

cava

corresponding

to

the

smooth

mass

on

chest

X

ray

while

the

black

arrow

corresponds

to

the

right

tracheobronchial

angle


Figure 1 (a) A radiograph and (b) 3-dimensional computed tomographic scans showing an expansile lytic lesion in the right femorotrochanteric region with a patchy area of ground glass haze in the upper metadiaphyseal and femoral neck. The severe varus deformity and retroversion of the femoral neck and head is seen in the axial view.

Figure

a

A

radiograph

and

b

computed

tomographic

scans

showing

an

expansile

lytic

lesion

in

the

right

femorotrochanteric

region

with

a

patchy

area

of

ground

glass

haze

in

the

upper

metadiaphyseal

and

femoral

neck

The

severe

varus

deformity

and

retroversion

of

the

femoral

neck

and

head

is

seen

in

the

axial

view