Figure 3. Subsurface near-field Raman imaging of carbon nanotubes overcoated with an SiO 2 Fischer pattern (∼10 nm thickness). (a) Larger scale topographic (AFM) image of the sample revealing nanotubes that are only partially covered. (b) Topographic image of a partially over coated carbon nanotube. (c) Simultaneously acquired near-field Raman image. The contrast in the image reflects the local intensity of the Raman G band (1590 cm -1 ). (d) Cross sections taken along the lines indicated in (c). The far-field background has been subtracted. Spatial resolution and signal intensity are weaker for the covered portions of the nanotube.

Figure

Subsurface

near

field

Raman

imaging

of

carbon

nanotubes

overcoated

with

an

SiO

Fischer

pattern

nm

thickness

a

Larger

scale

topographic

AFM

image

of

the

sample

revealing

nanotubes

that

are

only

partially

covered

b

Topographic

image

of

a

partially

over

coated

carbon

nanotube

c

Simultaneously

acquired

near

field

Raman

image

The

contrast

in

the

image

reflects

the

local

intensity

of

the

Raman

G

band

cm

d

Cross

sections

taken

along

the

lines

indicated

in

c

The

far

field

background

has

been

subtracted

Spatial

resolution

and

signal

intensity

are

weaker

for

the

covered

portions

of

the

nanotube


Fig 1. Surface representations of the Str. enolase and human plasminogen crystal structures. A. The homo-octamer of Str. enolase (green) presented in front and side view. The red color represents the carboxy-terminal amino acid residues from 428 to 433 at the dimer-dimer interface where the truncations were made; the salmon color represents the amino acid residues 252 and 255. The last two residues, 434, 435, are not visible in the X-ray structure nor are the residues of the hexa-his tag. The dimensions of Str. enolase are 15 nm x 5 nm. B. Human plasminogen with the five kringle domains and the preproteolytic domain shown in different colors. Its dimensions are 10 nm x 8.5 nm x 5 nm. The crystal structures were taken from the PDB (Str. enolase 3ZLH) [10] and Plasminogen (4DUU) [8]. These structures are not shown in identical scales.

Fig

Surface

representations

of

the

Str

enolase

and

human

plasminogen

crystal

structures

A.

The

homo

octamer

of

Str

enolase

green

presented

in

front

and

side

view

The

red

color

represents

the

carboxy

terminal

amino

acid

residues

from

to

at

the

dimer

dimer

interface

where

the

truncations

were

made

the

salmon

color

represents

the

amino

acid

residues

and

The

last

two

residues

are

not

visible

in

the

X

ray

structure

nor

are

the

residues

of

the

hexa

his

tag

The

dimensions

of

Str

enolase

are

nm

x

nm

B.

Human

plasminogen

with

the

five

kringle

domains

and

the

preproteolytic

domain

shown

in

different

colors

Its

dimensions

are

nm

x

nm

x

nm

The

crystal

structures

were

taken

from

the

PDB

Str

enolase

and

Plasminogen

These

structures

are

not

shown

in

identical

scales


Fig. 3. Case 2. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of T1-weighted (A), T2-weighted (B) and short TI inversion recovery (C) images showing inflammatory/edema pattern intensity at the right side of the C2 lamina.

Fig

Case

Preoperative

magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

A

B

and

short

TI

inversion

recovery

C

images

showing

inflammatory

edema

pattern

intensity

at

the

right

side

of

the

lamina


Fig. 7. Cytogenetic characteristics of COLO 205 cell line: a) mitosis, b) cell with MN, c) apoptosis, d) nuclear protrusion

Fig

Cytogenetic

characteristics

of

COLO

cell

line

a

mitosis

b

cell

with

MN

c

apoptosis

d

nuclear

protrusion


Fig. 3 a Axial and sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images show an increased signal mass in the olecranon of the left ulna (red arrow). b Axial and sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images show an increased signal mass in the third metacarpal bone of the left hand (red arrow). c Axial and coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images show an increased signal mass in the third metatarsal bone of the left foot (red arrow)

Fig

a

Axial

and

sagittal

magnetic

resonance

images

show

an

increased

signal

mass

in

the

olecranon

of

the

left

ulna

red

arrow

b

Axial

and

sagittal

magnetic

resonance

images

show

an

increased

signal

mass

in

the

third

metacarpal

bone

of

the

left

hand

red

arrow

c

Axial

and

coronal

magnetic

resonance

images

show

an

increased

signal

mass

in

the

third

metatarsal

bone

of

the

left

foot

red

arrow


Fig. 3. Outline of electrode localization and intersubject mapping procedure. (A) The preoperative MRI is coregistered with the postoperative CT volume. The lower panel shows the maximal-intensity projection of the CT volume in the sagittal dimension, which shows all the electrodes in a sagittal plane. (B) Due to the parenchymal shift from the implant procedure, some electrodes initially appear as though buried in the gray matter. To correct for this, each electrode coordinate is projected first to a smoothed pial surface (effectively a dural surface) and subsequently back to the pial surface. (C) 2D registration with the Freesurfer average brain. An inflated spherical surface is computed from the individual's pial surface and aligned with that of the Freesurfer average. (D) Projection of each electrode coordinate from the individual's pial surface to that of the Freesurfer average.

Fig

Outline

of

electrode

localization

and

intersubject

mapping

procedure

A

The

preoperative

MRI

is

coregistered

with

the

postoperative

CT

volume

The

lower

panel

shows

the

maximal

intensity

projection

of

the

CT

volume

in

the

sagittal

dimension

which

shows

all

the

electrodes

in

a

sagittal

plane

B

Due

to

the

parenchymal

shift

from

the

implant

procedure

some

electrodes

initially

appear

as

though

buried

in

the

gray

matter

To

correct

for

this

each

electrode

coordinate

is

projected

first

to

a

smoothed

pial

surface

effectively

a

dural

surface

and

subsequently

back

to

the

pial

surface

C

registration

with

the

Freesurfer

average

brain

An

inflated

spherical

surface

is

computed

from

the

individual

's

pial

surface

and

aligned

with

that

of

the

Freesurfer

average

D

Projection

of

each

electrode

coordinate

from

the

individual

's

pial

surface

to

that

of

the

Freesurfer

average


Figure 1. Preoperative CT and 3D reconstruction images. A: A 3D reconstructed CT showing the lesion in the right occipital region with a slight bulge in the skin (white circle). B–D: CT enhanced images of axial, coronal and sagittal planes showing that the lesions were mainly vascular in nature, presented as a “wool mass”, were located in a subcutaneous region, involved the muscles, and showed obvious enhancement (arrow).

Figure

Preoperative

CT

and

reconstruction

images

A

A

reconstructed

CT

showing

the

lesion

in

the

right

occipital

region

with

a

slight

bulge

in

the

skin

white

circle

B

D

CT

enhanced

images

of

axial

coronal

and

sagittal

planes

showing

that

the

lesions

were

mainly

vascular

in

nature

presented

as

a

wool

mass

were

located

in

a

subcutaneous

region

involved

the

muscles

and

showed

obvious

enhancement

arrow


Figure 4: Cadaver photos illustrating the authors’ technique keyhole. (a) Bone exposure for a left‑side standard MPT approach; (b) keyhole enlargement by drilling the extracranial surface of sphenoid wing; (c) drilling sphenoid ridge before performing the craniotomy; (d) craniotomy. CS = coronal suture; SS = squamosal suture; SFS = sphenofrontal suture; SPS = sphenoparietal suture; SSS = sphenosquamosal suture; SZS = sphenozygomatic suture; MT = marginal tubercle, MMA = middle meningeal artery

Figure

Cadaver

photos

illustrating

the

authors

technique

keyhole

a

Bone

exposure

for

a

left‑side

standard

MPT

approach

b

keyhole

enlargement

by

drilling

the

extracranial

surface

of

sphenoid

wing

c

drilling

sphenoid

ridge

before

performing

the

craniotomy

d

craniotomy

CS

coronal

suture

SS

squamosal

suture

SFS

sphenofrontal

suture

SPS

sphenoparietal

suture

SSS

sphenosquamosal

suture

SZS

sphenozygomatic

suture

MT

marginal

tubercle

MMA

middle

meningeal

artery


Figure 1. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Left/middle: T1-weighted axial gadolinium-enhanced image showing an enhancing tumor of the right frontal lobe. Right: T2-weighted image showing the same lesion as in the previous images, with notable edema.

Figure

Preoperative

magnetic

resonance

imaging

Left

middle

axial

gadolinium

enhanced

image

showing

an

enhancing

tumor

of

the

right

frontal

lobe

Right

image

showing

the

same

lesion

as

in

the

previous

images

with

notable

edema


Fig. 1 Imaging, surgical and pathogenic findings in the patient. (a) A space-occupying lesion (red arrow) was observed in the left atrium measured 60 × 54 mm by cardiac ultrasonography. (b) Abdominal CT scan showed extensive intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (red arrow). (c) The round cardiac mass (white arrow) in the left atrium was exposed in the surgery, which was an endocardial hematoma close to the posterior mitral valve. (d) The egg of C. sinensis (red arrow) was firstly identified in the stool samples, and later a smaller egg (black arrow) consistent with that of heterophyid trematodes was distinguished from C. sinensis. (e) Larger-sized eggs in the stool samples were consistent with those of the Echinostomatidae family

Fig

Imaging

surgical

and

pathogenic

findings

in

the

patient

a

A

space

occupying

lesion

red

arrow

was

observed

in

the

left

atrium

measured

mm

by

cardiac

ultrasonography

b

Abdominal

CT

scan

showed

extensive

intrahepatic

bile

duct

dilatation

red

arrow

c

The

round

cardiac

mass

white

arrow

in

the

left

atrium

was

exposed

in

the

surgery

which

was

an

endocardial

hematoma

close

to

the

posterior

mitral

valve

d

The

egg

of

C.

sinensis

red

arrow

was

firstly

identified

in

the

stool

samples

and

later

a

smaller

egg

black

arrow

consistent

with

that

of

heterophyid

trematodes

was

distinguished

from

C.

sinensis

e

Larger

sized

eggs

in

the

stool

samples

were

consistent

with

those

of

the

Echinostomatidae

family


Fig. 6 a CT imaging, coronal view, post-contrast, demonstrating an expansile soft tissue mass centered within the left masseteric space with destruction of the posterior alveolar bone from case #3, b 3-D reconstruction of the same patient highlighting the bulging of the left masseteric muscle due to tumor mass

Fig

a

CT

imaging

coronal

view

post

contrast

demonstrating

an

expansile

soft

tissue

mass

centered

within

the

left

masseteric

space

with

destruction

of

the

posterior

alveolar

bone

from

case

b

reconstruction

of

the

same

patient

highlighting

the

bulging

of

the

left

masseteric

muscle

due

to

tumor

mass


Figure 2. MRI. A, Postcontrast T1 image demonstrates two enhancing lesions (arrows) that correlate to the areas of uptake on the I123 WBS. B, Postcontrast T1 FLAIR image 4 months after I131 therapy demonstrates resolution of the lesions.

Figure

MRI

A

Postcontrast

image

demonstrates

two

enhancing

lesions

arrows

that

correlate

to

the

areas

of

uptake

on

the

WBS

B

Postcontrast

FLAIR

image

months

after

therapy

demonstrates

resolution

of

the

lesions


Figure 3. Prolonged rigid paralysis led to vertebral wedging in the thoracic region. (A) Representative sagittal 3D view of thoracic spine segment (T4-T7) of control and rigidly paralyzed specimens. Yellow lines in each case show how the vertebral body angle measurements were created. (B) Schematic view of thoracic spinal segments in (A) illustrating the differences in vertebral wedging and separation of vertebrae. (C) Individual spines from five distinct chicks (i-v) paralyzed rigidly from E3-E9 showing evidence of vertebral wedging in the thoracic region (gray boxes). In regions of extreme curvature (indicated by arrow heads), separation at the anterior vertebral body joints occurs while the posterior spinous process joints remain intact. Scale bar 2000 mm.

Figure

Prolonged

rigid

paralysis

led

to

vertebral

wedging

in

the

thoracic

region

A

Representative

sagittal

view

of

thoracic

spine

segment

of

control

and

rigidly

paralyzed

specimens

Yellow

lines

in

each

case

show

how

the

vertebral

body

angle

measurements

were

created

B

Schematic

view

of

thoracic

spinal

segments

in

A

illustrating

the

differences

in

vertebral

wedging

and

separation

of

vertebrae

C

Individual

spines

from

five

distinct

chicks

i

v

paralyzed

rigidly

from

showing

evidence

of

vertebral

wedging

in

the

thoracic

region

gray

boxes

In

regions

of

extreme

curvature

indicated

by

arrow

heads

separation

at

the

anterior

vertebral

body

joints

occurs

while

the

posterior

spinous

process

joints

remain

intact

Scale

bar

mm


Fig. 1 The arrangement of zebrin II-immunoreactive parasagittal stripes in the cerebella of littermate wild type, heterozygous and homozygous dreher mutant mice, shown in wholemount. a The posterior lobe vermis of a ?/? cerebellum immunoperoxidase-stained for anti-zebrin II. Zebrin II is expressed by a series of parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells in the vermis and hemispheres of the posterior cerebellum. b The posterior lobe vermis of a cerebellum from a heterozygous animal immunoperoxidase-stained for anti-zebrin II. The expression of zebrin II is normal in the vermis and the hemispheres. c The posterior lobe vermis of a cerebellum from a homozygous dreher animal immunoperoxidase-stained for anti-zebrin II. The posterior lobe vermis is almost completely absent from the midline and is replaced by an ectopic mass of tissue. The hemispheric lobules are irregularly shaped but relatively correctly positioned. Zebrin II is expressed in parasagittal stripes in the hemispheres. Note that despite its small size, the vermis of lobule V is positioned normally. The vermis of the rostral aspect of lobule VI is present but deflected laterally and only partially fused at the midline. As in control and heterozygous cerebella, the expression of zebrin II in lobules V–VI in the homozygous dreher cerebellum reflects the AZ to CZ transition. Roman numerals indicate cerebellar lobules. Scale bar 1 mm in c (also applies to a, b)

Fig

The

arrangement

of

zebrin

II

immunoreactive

parasagittal

stripes

in

the

cerebella

of

littermate

wild

type

heterozygous

and

homozygous

dreher

mutant

mice

shown

in

wholemount

a

The

posterior

lobe

vermis

of

a

cerebellum

immunoperoxidase

stained

for

anti

zebrin

II

Zebrin

II

is

expressed

by

a

series

of

parasagittal

stripes

of

Purkinje

cells

in

the

vermis

and

hemispheres

of

the

posterior

cerebellum

b

The

posterior

lobe

vermis

of

a

cerebellum

from

a

heterozygous

animal

immunoperoxidase

stained

for

anti

zebrin

II

The

expression

of

zebrin

II

is

normal

in

the

vermis

and

the

hemispheres

c

The

posterior

lobe

vermis

of

a

cerebellum

from

a

homozygous

dreher

animal

immunoperoxidase

stained

for

anti

zebrin

II

The

posterior

lobe

vermis

is

almost

completely

absent

from

the

midline

and

is

replaced

by

an

ectopic

mass

of

tissue

The

hemispheric

lobules

are

irregularly

shaped

but

relatively

correctly

positioned

Zebrin

II

is

expressed

in

parasagittal

stripes

in

the

hemispheres

Note

that

despite

its

small

size

the

vermis

of

lobule

V

is

positioned

normally

The

vermis

of

the

rostral

aspect

of

lobule

VI

is

present

but

deflected

laterally

and

only

partially

fused

at

the

midline

As

in

control

and

heterozygous

cerebella

the

expression

of

zebrin

II

in

lobules

V

VI

in

the

homozygous

dreher

cerebellum

reflects

the

AZ

to

CZ

transition

Roman

numerals

indicate

cerebellar

lobules

Scale

bar

mm

in

c

also

applies

to

a

b


FIGURE 1. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a patient with primary mandibular osteosarcoma (Case 9). (A) Computed tomography scan shows a well-circumscribed, heavily mineralized tumor involving the body of the mandible, which was resected with negative margins. (B) Histologically, it had extensive malignant osteoid production. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the most frequent histologic type of primary craniofacial osteosarcoma (9 of 15 patients) in this study.

FIGURE

Osteoblastic

osteosarcoma

in

a

patient

with

primary

mandibular

osteosarcoma

Case

A

Computed

tomography

scan

shows

a

well

circumscribed

heavily

mineralized

tumor

involving

the

body

of

the

mandible

which

was

resected

with

negative

margins

B

Histologically

it

had

extensive

malignant

osteoid

production

Osteoblastic

osteosarcoma

was

the

most

frequent

histologic

type

of

primary

craniofacial

osteosarcoma

of

patients

in

this

study


Figure 6. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography images of the same central cornea, followed over 4 years in biosynthetic and human donor implanted corneas. Left column: Biosynthetic implant in a 30 year old female appears stable over time (slight differences are due to slightly different location of sections). Center column: Human donor cornea in a 52 year old male exhibits wound compression due to the sutures, posterior donorrecipient edges mismatch, posterior graft protrusion (arrowhead), and stromal compression lines (arrows) that resolve after suture removal at 1 year. Right column: Appearance of four healthy corneas aged 16–64 years. Reproduced with permission.[42] Copyright 2014, Elsevier.

Figure

Anterior

segment

optical

coherence

tomography

images

of

the

same

central

cornea

followed

over

years

in

biosynthetic

and

human

donor

implanted

corneas

Left

column

Biosynthetic

implant

in

a

year

old

female

appears

stable

over

time

slight

differences

are

due

to

slightly

different

location

of

sections

Center

column

Human

donor

cornea

in

a

year

old

male

exhibits

wound

compression

due

to

the

sutures

posterior

donorrecipient

edges

mismatch

posterior

graft

protrusion

arrowhead

and

stromal

compression

lines

arrows

that

resolve

after

suture

removal

at

year

Right

column

Appearance

of

four

healthy

corneas

aged

years

Reproduced

with

Copyright

Elsevier


Fig. 6. Coronal sections of the goat ME with CRF-IR (A), AVP-IR (B) and OXY-IR (C). Note that dense CRF-IR terminals are found in the external parisade zone and some CRF-IR fibers are in the internal parisade zone. In contrast, AVP-IR (B) and OXY-IR (C) terminals are found in the external parisade zone and dense IR-fibers are in the internal parisade zone. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

Fig

Coronal

sections

of

the

goat

ME

with

CRF

IR

A

AVP

IR

B

and

OXY

IR

C

Note

that

dense

CRF

IR

terminals

are

found

in

the

external

parisade

zone

and

some

CRF

IR

fibers

are

in

the

internal

parisade

zone

In

contrast

AVP

IR

B

and

OXY

IR

C

terminals

are

found

in

the

external

parisade

zone

and

dense

IR

fibers

are

in

the

internal

parisade

zone

Scale

bar

represents

mm


Figure 11. Intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE) image of a released Amplatzer PFO Occluder (top) (*) and Gore Cardioform Septal Occluder (bottom) (*). Agitated saline is seen in the right atrium (RA), but not in the left atrium (LA), confirming the absence of right to left shunt after device deployment.

Figure

Intracardiac

echocardiogram

ICE

image

of

a

released

Amplatzer

PFO

Occluder

top

and

Gore

Cardioform

Septal

Occluder

bottom

Agitated

saline

is

seen

in

the

right

atrium

RA

but

not

in

the

left

atrium

LA

confirming

the

absence

of

right

to

left

shunt

after

device

deployment


Fig. 1. A : Sonographical images of spinal cord in axial planes in a term infant. White arrows pointed to conus medullaris. B : Sonographical images of spinal cord in Sagittal planes in a term infant.

Fig

A

Sonographical

images

of

spinal

cord

in

axial

planes

in

a

term

infant

White

arrows

pointed

to

conus

medullaris

B

Sonographical

images

of

spinal

cord

in

Sagittal

planes

in

a

term

infant


FIGURE 9. Conventional thin section of a human alveolar macrophage from a heavy cigarette smoker (same specimen as Fig. 8) is shown in A. The cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde only; consequently, only inherent tissue and foreign particle contrast is seen. A portion of a single alveolar macrophage shows numerous particles of aluminum silicates and other xenobiotics in lysosomes (double arrows), and two lobes of the nucleus (N) are discerned. The nuclear envelope (single arrows) and associated heterochromatin are intact. The same field is illustrated in B after considerable sputtering from the secondary ion beam. There is marked loss of heterochromatin associated with the nuclear envelope (arrows). Nuclei (N) therefore stand out in bold relief. A suggestion of preferential lysosomal etching is also seen (asterisks). Some particles (double arrows) appear relatively resistant to etching. Iransmission electron microscopy. Magnification: (A) x 12,500; (B) x6,300.

FIGURE

Conventional

thin

section

of

a

human

alveolar

macrophage

from

a

heavy

cigarette

smoker

same

specimen

as

Fig

is

shown

in

A.

The

cells

were

fixed

with

glutaraldehyde

only

consequently

only

inherent

tissue

and

foreign

particle

contrast

is

seen

A

portion

of

a

single

alveolar

macrophage

shows

numerous

particles

of

aluminum

silicates

and

other

xenobiotics

in

lysosomes

double

arrows

and

two

lobes

of

the

nucleus

N

are

discerned

The

nuclear

envelope

single

arrows

and

associated

heterochromatin

are

intact

The

same

field

is

illustrated

in

B

after

considerable

sputtering

from

the

secondary

ion

beam

There

is

marked

loss

of

heterochromatin

associated

with

the

nuclear

envelope

arrows

Nuclei

N

therefore

stand

out

in

bold

relief

A

suggestion

of

preferential

lysosomal

etching

is

also

seen

asterisks

Some

particles

double

arrows

appear

relatively

resistant

to

etching

Iransmission

electron

microscopy

Magnification

A

x

B


Fig. 5. Late floral and gynoecial differentiation of Berberidopsis beckleri. (A) Longitudinal section of young flower. Note the progressive change in size of bracts and tepals. (B) Partially sectioned flower showing the massive protruding intercarpellary ridges in the ovary. (C) Flower with partly dissected ovary showing early ovule differentiation on the intercarpellary protrusions. (D) Transverse section of young ovary showing five parietal placental ridges with two series of ovules each. (E) Longitudinal section of ovary showing three of the five placentas with ovules. (F) Transverse section of nearly mature ovary with four placental ridges and anatropous ovules. (G) Adaxial view of the upper part of immature anther with long apical connective. (H) View of five-lobed stigma at anthesis completely covered with exudate. (I) Lateral view of lobed, extrastaminal disc nectary; stamens removed. Ri, intercarpellary protuberance; Pl, placenta. Scale bars ¼ 100 mm, except (G–I) ¼ 200 mm.

Fig

Late

floral

and

gynoecial

differentiation

of

Berberidopsis

beckleri

A

Longitudinal

section

of

young

flower

Note

the

progressive

change

in

size

of

bracts

and

tepals

B

Partially

sectioned

flower

showing

the

massive

protruding

intercarpellary

ridges

in

the

ovary

C

Flower

with

partly

dissected

ovary

showing

early

ovule

differentiation

on

the

intercarpellary

protrusions

D

Transverse

section

of

young

ovary

showing

five

parietal

placental

ridges

with

two

series

of

ovules

each

E

Longitudinal

section

of

ovary

showing

three

of

the

five

placentas

with

ovules

F

Transverse

section

of

nearly

mature

ovary

with

four

placental

ridges

and

anatropous

ovules

G

Adaxial

view

of

the

upper

part

of

immature

anther

with

long

apical

connective

H

View

of

five

lobed

stigma

at

anthesis

completely

covered

with

exudate

I

Lateral

view

of

lobed

extrastaminal

disc

nectary

stamens

removed

Ri

intercarpellary

protuberance

Pl

placenta

Scale

bars

¼

mm

except

G

I

¼

mm


Fig. 2 a CT scan documenting right pararenal hypervascular metastatsis (diameter 34 mm). b CT scan performed after cyberknife. The lesion, substantially stable in size, became completely hypodense

Fig

a

CT

scan

documenting

right

pararenal

hypervascular

metastatsis

diameter

mm

b

CT

scan

performed

after

cyberknife

The

lesion

substantially

stable

in

size

became

completely

hypodense


Figure 20. Multicystic mesothelioma in an asymptomatic 60-year-old woman with a palpable mass found at pelvic examination. (a) Coronal T2-weighted MR image shows a multiseptated cystic mass (arrows) along the peritoneal surfaces of the uterus and broad ligaments. (b) Sagittal gadolinium-enhanced MR image reveals enhancement of the septa (arrow) and extension of the mass into the cul-de-sac.

Figure

Multicystic

mesothelioma

in

an

asymptomatic

old

woman

with

a

palpable

mass

found

at

pelvic

examination

a

Coronal

MR

image

shows

a

multiseptated

cystic

mass

arrows

along

the

peritoneal

surfaces

of

the

uterus

and

broad

ligaments

b

Sagittal

gadolinium

enhanced

MR

image

reveals

enhancement

of

the

septa

arrow

and

extension

of

the

mass

into

the

cul

de

sac


Figure 6. Mutant Mcm2p-HA localization in crm1 strain. Cytoplasmic mutant Mcm2p-HA proteins do not accumulate in the nucleus in the nuclear export–defective strain crm1-809. Cells harboring a plasmid encoding wild-type or mutant Mcm2 proteins were grown at the restrictive temperature (17°C) for 6 h before fixation for immunofluorescence analysis. Wild-type Mcm2p was overproduced by induction in the absence of thiamine for 16 h followed by incubation at 17°C for 6 h. Cells were visualized with anti-HA antibody. (A) Wild-type Mcm2p; (B) overexpressed wild-type Mcm2p; (C) zinc finger mutant Mcm2p-M2; (D) NLS mutant Mcm2p-M9; (E) NLS mutant Mcm2p-M10; (F) carboxy-terminal truncation Mcm2p-D6; (G) amino-terminal truncation Mcm2p-D7; and (H) MCM core domain deletion Mcm2p-D10. Bar, 10 mm.

Figure

Mutant

HA

localization

in

strain

Cytoplasmic

mutant

HA

proteins

do

not

accumulate

in

the

nucleus

in

the

nuclear

export

defective

strain

Cells

harboring

a

plasmid

encoding

wild

type

or

mutant

proteins

were

grown

at

the

restrictive

temperature

C

for

h

before

fixation

for

immunofluorescence

analysis

Wild

type

was

overproduced

by

induction

in

the

absence

of

thiamine

for

h

followed

by

incubation

at

C

for

h.

Cells

were

visualized

with

anti

HA

antibody

A

Wild

type

B

overexpressed

wild

type

C

zinc

finger

mutant

D

NLS

mutant

E

NLS

mutant

F

carboxy

terminal

truncation

G

amino

terminal

truncation

and

H

MCM

core

domain

deletion

Bar

mm


Fig. 1. Computed tomography of the chest in a 48-year-old man who sustained blunt chest trauma. (A, B) There is a suspicious bronchial injury (arrow) on the right lower lobe and severe bilateral lung contusions.

Fig

Computed

tomography

of

the

chest

in

a

old

man

who

sustained

blunt

chest

trauma

A

B

There

is

a

suspicious

bronchial

injury

arrow

on

the

right

lower

lobe

and

severe

bilateral

lung

contusions


FIGURE 4. Evaluation of the postoperative computed tomography data using SimPlant 11.04 (Materialise Dental Inc): (A) determination of the midpoint from the medial and distal edges of the frontozygomatic sutures; (B) drawing a vertical line to the zygomatic bone from the midpoint to set the point of intersection with the soft tissue. Then the distance to the soft tissue from the bone was measured.

FIGURE

Evaluation

of

the

postoperative

computed

tomography

data

using

SimPlant

Materialise

Dental

Inc

A

determination

of

the

midpoint

from

the

medial

and

distal

edges

of

the

frontozygomatic

sutures

B

drawing

a

vertical

line

to

the

zygomatic

bone

from

the

midpoint

to

set

the

point

of

intersection

with

the

soft

tissue

Then

the

distance

to

the

soft

tissue

from

the

bone

was

measured


Fig. 2. PET activations displayed on the average MR brain image of the 10 subjects in which the initial resting nonthirsty state is compared with three conditions of thirst. a shows activation (arrow) in anterior quadrangular lobule (V) (coronal section y 5 242 and sagittal section x 5 18) when 50% of the hypertonic NaCl had been infused. b shows activation (arrow) in left lingula (I, II) (sagittal section x 5 22 and axial section z 5 28) when 100% of hypertonic NaCl had been infused. c shows activation (arrow) in the left posterior biventer (VIIIB) (sagittal section x 5 230) 3 min after drinking to satiation.

Fig

PET

activations

displayed

on

the

average

MR

brain

image

of

the

subjects

in

which

the

initial

resting

nonthirsty

state

is

compared

with

three

conditions

of

thirst

a

shows

activation

arrow

in

anterior

quadrangular

lobule

V

coronal

section

y

and

sagittal

section

x

when

of

the

hypertonic

NaCl

had

been

infused

b

shows

activation

arrow

in

left

lingula

I

II

sagittal

section

x

and

axial

section

z

when

of

hypertonic

NaCl

had

been

infused

c

shows

activation

arrow

in

the

left

posterior

biventer

VIIIB

sagittal

section

x

min

after

drinking

to

satiation


Figure 8: Tricuspid annulus positioned in the surgical view as: three-dimensional volumetric data (a), an Image Arena reconstruction (b), Image Arena reconstruction with increased transparency (c), and a simulation using HeartWorks (Inventive Medical Limited, London, UK) software (d). The HeartWorks image is annotated with the observed axis of maximal dynamism (green) and the axes routinely measured during imaging (yellow) (A: Anterior, AL: Anterolateral, AS: Anteroseptal, AV: Aortic valve, L: Lateral, MV: Mitral valve, P: Posterior, PL: Posterolateral, PS: Posteroseptal, S: Septal, TV: Tricuspid valve) d c

Figure

Tricuspid

annulus

positioned

in

the

surgical

view

as

three

dimensional

volumetric

data

a

an

Image

Arena

reconstruction

b

Image

Arena

reconstruction

with

increased

transparency

c

and

a

simulation

using

HeartWorks

Inventive

Medical

Limited

London

UK

software

d

The

HeartWorks

image

is

annotated

with

the

observed

axis

of

maximal

dynamism

green

and

the

axes

routinely

measured

during

imaging

yellow

A

Anterior

AL

Anterolateral

AS

Anteroseptal

AV

Aortic

valve

L

Lateral

MV

Mitral

valve

P

Posterior

PL

Posterolateral

PS

Posteroseptal

S

Septal

TV

Tricuspid

valve

d

c


Figure 4 (A) Orthopantomogram of a girl at the age of 8 years 10 months. All premolars in the upper jaw and all permanent molars in the lower jaw are missing, together with the second lower premolars. (B) In order to initiate a mesial movement of the molars, the deciduous upper second molars were removed at 8 years 10 months. Note the favourable space closure. (C) During mesial movement, the molars overerupt due to lack of opposing molars, 9 years 8 months of age. (D) At 16 years of age the molars have been intruded and further mesially moved by placement of transpalatal arches 4-5 mm away from the palatal mucosa. The tongue function has moved the molars. (E) Intra-oral view of the orthodontic appliances. Note that the space after both the first and second deciduous molars is now completely closed. (F) Orthopantomogram showing good axial inclination of the moved molars. In the lower jaw an acrylic plate with steel balls is placed for preliminary planning of implant sites with the use of computed tomography. (G) Occlusal view of the upper dental arch at the end of active orthodontic treatment at 16 years of age. (H) Frontal view with good vertical dimension. Note attrition of lower deciduous incisor. In lateral segments a removable partial prosthesis now controls the vertical height and hinders overeruption of the upper molars. Implants will be placed in the lower molar region at the end of the growth period at about the age of 18-20 years.

Figure

A

Orthopantomogram

of

a

girl

at

the

age

of

years

months

All

premolars

in

the

upper

jaw

and

all

permanent

molars

in

the

lower

jaw

are

missing

together

with

the

second

lower

premolars

B

In

order

to

initiate

a

mesial

movement

of

the

molars

the

deciduous

upper

second

molars

were

removed

at

years

months

Note

the

favourable

space

closure

C

During

mesial

movement

the

molars

overerupt

due

to

lack

of

opposing

molars

years

months

of

age

D

At

years

of

age

the

molars

have

been

intruded

and

further

mesially

moved

by

placement

of

transpalatal

arches

mm

away

from

the

palatal

mucosa

The

tongue

function

has

moved

the

molars

E

Intra

oral

view

of

the

orthodontic

appliances

Note

that

the

space

after

both

the

first

and

second

deciduous

molars

is

now

completely

closed

F

Orthopantomogram

showing

good

axial

inclination

of

the

moved

molars

In

the

lower

jaw

an

acrylic

plate

with

steel

balls

is

placed

for

preliminary

planning

of

implant

sites

with

the

use

of

computed

tomography

G

Occlusal

view

of

the

upper

dental

arch

at

the

end

of

active

orthodontic

treatment

at

years

of

age

H

Frontal

view

with

good

vertical

dimension

Note

attrition

of

lower

deciduous

incisor

In

lateral

segments

a

removable

partial

prosthesis

now

controls

the

vertical

height

and

hinders

overeruption

of

the

upper

molars

Implants

will

be

placed

in

the

lower

molar

region

at

the

end

of

the

growth

period

at

about

the

age

of

years


Fig. 3 a Patient C MRI brain during third episode of HTLV encephalitis. Ill-defined T2w signal hyperintensity in the basis pontis. b Patient C brain MRI brain during fourth episode of HTLV encephalitis (while on ciclosporin). Coronal T2w sequence. Ill-defined T2 signal hyperintensity in the midbrain and pontine tegmentum. No swelling or pathological enhancement. Previous area of signal change now normalised

Fig

a

Patient

C

MRI

brain

during

third

episode

of

HTLV

encephalitis

Ill

defined

signal

hyperintensity

in

the

basis

pontis

b

Patient

C

brain

MRI

brain

during

fourth

episode

of

HTLV

encephalitis

while

on

ciclosporin

Coronal

sequence

Ill

defined

signal

hyperintensity

in

the

midbrain

and

pontine

tegmentum

No

swelling

or

pathological

enhancement

Previous

area

of

signal

change

now

normalised


Fig. 1 Thin section transmission electronmicrographs of plastic-embedded and stained retinoic acid-treated HL-60/S4 cells. a Low-magnification view of a single HL-60/S4 granulocytic cell with cross-section views of two large nuclear lobes and extensive ELCS. Scale bar 2 μm. b Cross-section views of ELCS (six panels) taken from tomographic reconstructions. Scale bar 200 nm. c Enlarged tomographic cross-section view of ELCS bridging between two nuclear lobes, accompanied (below) by a schematic representation of the same field. N nuclear lobe, C cytoplasm, ONM outer nuclear membrane, INM inner nuclear membrane. Ribosomes are represented associated with the cytoplasmic surface of the ONMs. Putative 30-nm chromatin fibers are represented spanning the space between the apposed INMs. Scale bar 30 nm

Fig

Thin

section

transmission

electronmicrographs

of

plastic

embedded

and

stained

retinoic

acid

treated

cells

a

Low

magnification

view

of

a

single

granulocytic

cell

with

cross

section

views

of

two

large

nuclear

lobes

and

extensive

ELCS

Scale

bar

μm

b

Cross

section

views

of

ELCS

six

panels

taken

from

tomographic

reconstructions

Scale

bar

nm

c

Enlarged

tomographic

cross

section

view

of

ELCS

bridging

between

two

nuclear

lobes

accompanied

below

by

a

schematic

representation

of

the

same

field

N

nuclear

lobe

C

cytoplasm

ONM

outer

nuclear

membrane

INM

inner

nuclear

membrane

Ribosomes

are

represented

associated

with

the

cytoplasmic

surface

of

the

ONMs

Putative

chromatin

fibers

are

represented

spanning

the

space

between

the

apposed

INMs

Scale

bar

nm


Fig. 3. Diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissec tion with the characteristic finding of a “double lumen sign” of the SMA on axial views of computed tomography (CT) images (A) and/or dissected segment of SMA on selective mesenteric angiography or CT angiography (B).

Fig

Diagnosis

of

superior

mesenteric

artery

SMA

dissec

tion

with

the

characteristic

finding

of

a

double

lumen

sign

of

the

SMA

on

axial

views

of

computed

tomography

CT

images

A

and/or

dissected

segment

of

SMA

on

selective

mesenteric

angiography

or

CT

angiography

B


Figure 5. A man with ASR XL THR who was 69 years old at the index operation. Time to first MRI (top) was 2.3 years. The time elapsed between imagings was 2.5 years. Both times, whole-blood Cr remained below 4 ppb. Whole-blood Co increased from 7.2 ppb to 16 ppb. MRI was repeated due to increase in whole-blood Co levels and occurrence of stiffness in the operated hip. Control imaging revealed a newly formed cystic lesion (type 1).

Figure

A

man

with

ASR

XL

THR

who

was

years

old

at

the

index

operation

Time

to

first

MRI

top

was

years

The

time

elapsed

between

imagings

was

years

Both

times

whole

blood

Cr

remained

below

ppb

Whole

blood

Co

increased

from

ppb

to

ppb

MRI

was

repeated

due

to

increase

in

whole

blood

Co

levels

and

occurrence

of

stiffness

in

the

operated

hip

Control

imaging

revealed

a

newly

formed

cystic

lesion

type


Figure 2. (A) Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed significant dilatation of the feeding artery and the draining vein at the right renal hilum. The dilated inferior vena cava (IVC) is indicated by arrows. One feeding artery (B) and two drainage veins (C) were visualized by transcatheter angiography. The venous sacs were filled with NBCA and Lipiodol© (D). Post-embolization angiography showed stoppage of the dilated renal lower artery at the mid-portion (E).

Figure

A

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

showed

significant

dilatation

of

the

feeding

artery

and

the

draining

vein

at

the

right

renal

hilum

The

dilated

inferior

vena

cava

IVC

is

indicated

by

arrows

One

feeding

artery

B

and

two

drainage

veins

C

were

visualized

by

transcatheter

angiography

The

venous

sacs

were

filled

with

NBCA

and

Lipiodol

D

Post

embolization

angiography

showed

stoppage

of

the

dilated

renal

lower

artery

at

the

mid

portion

E


Figure 2. (A) The atlantoaxial subluxation with increased atlantoaxial distance was demonstrated in flexion position of lateral radiograph of cervical spine. (B) Intraoperative fluoroscopic examination of upper cervical spine after completion of insertion of 2 C1–C2 transarticular screws. (C) Three years postoperatively, the atlantoaxial alignment was good without loss of reduction.

Figure

A

The

atlantoaxial

subluxation

with

increased

atlantoaxial

distance

was

demonstrated

in

flexion

position

of

lateral

radiograph

of

cervical

spine

B

Intraoperative

fluoroscopic

examination

of

upper

cervical

spine

after

completion

of

insertion

of

transarticular

screws

C

Three

years

postoperatively

the

atlantoaxial

alignment

was

good

without

loss

of

reduction


Figure 11. Cerebellar agenesis in a 15-year-old girl who presented with severe cognitive impairment and tetraspasticity. (a) Sagittal T2-weighted MR image shows near-complete absence of cerebellar structures except for a rudimentary remnant of the anterior vermis (arrow), an enlarged posterior fossa, and marked hypoplasia of the pons. (b) Axial T2-weighted MR image shows rudimentary cerebellar tissue (arrows) projecting lateral to the brainstem. (Reprinted, with permission, from reference 5.)

Figure

Cerebellar

agenesis

in

a

old

girl

who

presented

with

severe

cognitive

impairment

and

tetraspasticity

a

Sagittal

MR

image

shows

near

complete

absence

of

cerebellar

structures

except

for

a

rudimentary

remnant

of

the

anterior

vermis

arrow

an

enlarged

posterior

fossa

and

marked

hypoplasia

of

the

pons

b

Axial

MR

image

shows

rudimentary

cerebellar

tissue

arrows

projecting

lateral

to

the

brainstem

Reprinted

with

permission

from

reference


Figure 4: Transaxial CT (A), PET (B), and fused PET/CT (C) 68Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT scan demonstrating moderately increased, focal PSMA ligand uptake in a comma-shaped soft tissue structure between the left adrenal gland and the aorta, indicating normal variant uptake in a coeliac ganglion.

Figure

Transaxial

CT

A

PET

B

and

fused

PET

CT

C

PSMA

ligand

PET

CT

scan

demonstrating

moderately

increased

focal

PSMA

ligand

uptake

in

a

comma

shaped

soft

tissue

structure

between

the

left

adrenal

gland

and

the

aorta

indicating

normal

variant

uptake

in

a

coeliac

ganglion


Fig. 3 Histologic preparation (left) and scanning electron microscopy images (middle and right) following ultrasound cyclocoagulation. Red square in middle photograph indicates the magnified area shown in the right

Fig

Histologic

preparation

left

and

scanning

electron

microscopy

images

middle

and

right

following

ultrasound

cyclocoagulation

Red

square

in

middle

photograph

indicates

the

magnified

area

shown

in

the

right


Figure 1. A. Large, hard tissue density mass arising from the urachus. The mass is not dissociable by the bladder wall at computed tomography. B. High signal intensity mass on T1 magnetic resonance image.

Figure

A.

Large

hard

tissue

density

mass

arising

from

the

urachus

The

mass

is

not

dissociable

by

the

bladder

wall

at

computed

tomography

B.

High

signal

intensity

mass

on

magnetic

resonance

image


FIG. 6. Representative in vivo pelvis PDFF maps for Cartesian R ¼ 1, Cartesian R ¼ 4 and radial R ¼ 1 for a representative subject in axial and coronal orientations. The red squares indicate regions of interest in the bone marrow, prostate, muscle, and subcutaneous fat for this subject. BH, breath-hold; FB, free-breathing; PDFF, proton-density fat fraction.

FIG

Representative

in

vivo

pelvis

PDFF

maps

for

Cartesian

R

¼

Cartesian

R

¼

and

radial

R

¼

for

a

representative

subject

in

axial

and

coronal

orientations

The

red

squares

indicate

regions

of

interest

in

the

bone

marrow

prostate

muscle

and

subcutaneous

fat

for

this

subject

BH

breath

hold

FB

free

breathing

PDFF

proton

density

fat

fraction


FIGURE 1 Nuclear import of dye-labeled vRNP. (A) A DIC image of an injected cell. (B) A fluorescence image of the same cell, taken 30 min after vRNP injection, showing nuclear import of the labeled vRNPs. Scale bars: 10 mm. (C) Nuclear import kinetics of labeled and unlabeled vRNPs. The amount of vRNPs in the cytoplasm and nucleus were quantified using Cy3 fluorescence and antinucleoprotein immunofluorescence for the labeled and unlabeled vRNPs, respectively. F in and F out indicate, respectively, the average fluorescence intensities inside and outside the nucleus after subtraction of a background term determined from areas outside the injected cells. The t ¼ 0 point indicates the time of injection. The value of F in /(F in 1 F out ) at t ¼ 0 was determined by coinjecting WGA (5mg/ml) with labeled vRNP to block import. This value is not zero because vRNPs that are outside but directly above or below the nucleus contribute to F in .

FIGURE

Nuclear

import

of

dye

labeled

vRNP

A

A

DIC

image

of

an

injected

cell

B

A

fluorescence

image

of

the

same

cell

taken

min

after

vRNP

injection

showing

nuclear

import

of

the

labeled

vRNPs

Scale

bars

mm

C

Nuclear

import

kinetics

of

labeled

and

unlabeled

vRNPs

The

amount

of

vRNPs

in

the

cytoplasm

and

nucleus

were

quantified

using

fluorescence

and

antinucleoprotein

immunofluorescence

for

the

labeled

and

unlabeled

vRNPs

respectively

F

in

and

F

out

indicate

respectively

the

average

fluorescence

intensities

inside

and

outside

the

nucleus

after

subtraction

of

a

background

term

determined

from

areas

outside

the

injected

cells

The

t

¼

point

indicates

the

time

of

injection

The

value

of

F

in

/(F

in

F

out

at

t

¼

was

determined

by

coinjecting

WGA

ml

with

labeled

vRNP

to

block

import

This

value

is

not

zero

because

vRNPs

that

are

outside

but

directly

above

or

below

the

nucleus

contribute

to

F

in


Figure 5 Coronal (left) and axial (right) computed tomography scans obtained 3 months postimplantation indicate the presence of the source seeds within the region of initial placement. Imaging also demonstrates postsurgical changes that are suggestive of fibrosis.

Figure

Coronal

left

and

axial

right

computed

tomography

scans

obtained

months

postimplantation

indicate

the

presence

of

the

source

seeds

within

the

region

of

initial

placement

Imaging

also

demonstrates

postsurgical

changes

that

are

suggestive

of

fibrosis


Figure 30. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in a 9-month-old girl with abusive head injury. (a) Axial unenhanced CT scan obtained on the day the child presented with seizure shows right hemispheric sulcal effacement, loss of gray-white matter differentiation, and a thin rim of extraaxial blood along the right convexity and in the interhemispheric region (arrows). (b) Axial T1-weighted (516/12) MR image obtained the same day as the CT scan reveals low signal intensity of the right temporal and occipital lobes (white arrows) and high-signal-intensity SDH over the convexities, in the posterior interhemispheric region, and in the tentorial incisura (black arrows). (c) Axial T2-weighted (3,200/99) MR image at the same level and from the same day reveals increased signal intensity of the right temporal and occipital lobes (black arrows) and high-signal-intensity SDH over the convexities bilaterally (white arrows). (d) Diffusion-weighted (9,999/96) MR image obtained the same day reveals marked elevated signal intensity throughout the right hemisphere compatible with restricted free water diffusion.

Figure

Diffusion

weighted

MR

imaging

in

a

old

girl

with

abusive

head

injury

a

Axial

unenhanced

CT

scan

obtained

on

the

day

the

child

presented

with

seizure

shows

right

hemispheric

sulcal

effacement

loss

of

gray

white

matter

differentiation

and

a

thin

rim

of

extraaxial

blood

along

the

right

convexity

and

in

the

interhemispheric

region

arrows

b

Axial

MR

image

obtained

the

same

day

as

the

CT

scan

reveals

low

signal

intensity

of

the

right

temporal

and

occipital

lobes

white

arrows

and

high

signal

intensity

SDH

over

the

convexities

in

the

posterior

interhemispheric

region

and

in

the

tentorial

incisura

black

arrows

c

Axial

MR

image

at

the

same

level

and

from

the

same

day

reveals

increased

signal

intensity

of

the

right

temporal

and

occipital

lobes

black

arrows

and

high

signal

intensity

SDH

over

the

convexities

bilaterally

white

arrows

d

Diffusion

weighted

MR

image

obtained

the

same

day

reveals

marked

elevated

signal

intensity

throughout

the

right

hemisphere

compatible

with

restricted

free

water

diffusion


Figure 1: (a) Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT revealing hemoperitoneum. (b) Normal hepatic architecture adjacent to hematoma (H&E, 10x).

Figure

a

Contrast

enhanced

abdominal

CT

revealing

hemoperitoneum

b

Normal

hepatic

architecture

adjacent

to

hematoma

H&E


Figure 1. A 63-year-old man with hypertension and tobacco abuse presented with atypical chest pain. (a) He underwent a 1-day low-dose/high-dose adenosine Tc-99m tetrofosmin gated single photon emission computed tomography, which was normal (A). A selected coronal image of coronary artery calcium score scan of the same patient revealed a heavily calcified right coronary artery (white arrow) and left anterior descending artery (yellow arrow).

Figure

A

old

man

with

hypertension

and

tobacco

abuse

presented

with

atypical

chest

pain

a

He

underwent

a

low

dose

high

dose

adenosine

m

tetrofosmin

gated

single

photon

emission

computed

tomography

which

was

normal

A

A

selected

coronal

image

of

coronary

artery

calcium

score

scan

of

the

same

patient

revealed

a

heavily

calcified

right

coronary

artery

white

arrow

and

left

anterior

descending

artery

yellow

arrow


Figure 1: (a) Upper GI endoscopy showing a giant 7 × 5 cm diameter gastric diospyrobezoar. (b) Upper GI endoscopy showing a necrotic pressure ulcer of size 0 8 × 0 5 (white coated).

Figure

a

Upper

GI

endoscopy

showing

a

giant

cm

diameter

gastric

diospyrobezoar

b

Upper

GI

endoscopy

showing

a

necrotic

pressure

ulcer

of

size

white

coated


Figure 1. 3D porous media for direct visualization of bacteria motion. (a) Schematic of 3D porous media made by jammed packings of hydrogel particles, shown as grey circles, swollen in liquid LB medium. E. coli, shown in green, are dispersed at a low concentration within the pores between the particles. The packing is transparent, enabling imaging within the 3D pore space; inset shows a micrograph of a GFP-labeled bacterium. Scale bar represents 2 μm. (b) Time-projection of a 200 nm fluorescent tracer particle as it diffuses through the pore space, showing tortuous channels, each composed of a series of randomly-oriented, directed paths. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (c) Complementary cumulative distribution function 1-CDF of the smallest confining pore size 𝑎 measured using tracer particle diffusion for four different porous media with four different hydrogel particle packing densities. Percentage indicates the mass fraction of dry hydrogel granules used to prepare each medium. Dashed line indicates cell body length of E. coli as a reference. Distributions are exponential, as indicated by straight lines on log-lin axes.

Figure

porous

media

for

direct

visualization

of

bacteria

motion

a

Schematic

of

porous

media

made

by

jammed

packings

of

hydrogel

particles

shown

as

grey

circles

swollen

in

liquid

LB

medium

E.

coli

shown

in

green

are

dispersed

at

a

low

concentration

within

the

pores

between

the

particles

The

packing

is

transparent

enabling

imaging

within

the

pore

space

inset

shows

a

micrograph

of

a

GFP

labeled

bacterium

Scale

bar

represents

μm

b

Time

projection

of

a

nm

fluorescent

tracer

particle

as

it

diffuses

through

the

pore

space

showing

tortuous

channels

each

composed

of

a

series

of

randomly

oriented

directed

paths

Scale

bar

represents

μm

c

Complementary

cumulative

distribution

function

of

the

smallest

confining

pore

size

𝑎

measured

using

tracer

particle

diffusion

for

four

different

porous

media

with

four

different

hydrogel

particle

packing

densities

Percentage

indicates

the

mass

fraction

of

dry

hydrogel

granules

used

to

prepare

each

medium

Dashed

line

indicates

cell

body

length

of

E.

coli

as

a

reference

Distributions

are

exponential

as

indicated

by

straight

lines

on

log

lin

axes


FIGURE 3 | (A) MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence showing a right lateral medullary infarction in a 32-year-old woman with a hypoplastic right vertebral artery shown in Figure 2A; (B) catheter angiogram of a 55-year-old African-American man showing atherostenosis at the vertebrobasilar junction (arrow); (C) non-contrast

FIGURE

A

MRI

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

sequence

showing

a

right

lateral

medullary

infarction

in

a

old

woman

with

a

hypoplastic

right

vertebral

artery

shown

in

Figure

B

catheter

angiogram

of

a

old

African

American

man

showing

atherostenosis

at

the

vertebrobasilar

junction

arrow

C

non

contrast


Figure 1. A. Patient 2, MRI of the foot and ankle; T1-weighted sequence shows marrow necrosis of the distal extremity of the tibia, calcaneus, and talus. B. Patient 3, MRI of the right knee; T1-weighted sequence shows marrow necrosis of the femur and tibia.

Figure

A.

Patient

MRI

of

the

foot

and

ankle

sequence

shows

marrow

necrosis

of

the

distal

extremity

of

the

tibia

calcaneus

and

talus

B.

Patient

MRI

of

the

right

knee

sequence

shows

marrow

necrosis

of

the

femur

and

tibia


FIG. 3. a: Sagittal image showing the definition of ROIs used for quantifying the mean SNR in the supratentorial brain (1), cerebellum (2), brainstem (3), and cervical spinal cord (4). b,c: Axial maps showing the ROIs used for quantifying the mean g-factor in the brain and spinal cord. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

FIG

a

Sagittal

image

showing

the

definition

of

ROIs

used

for

quantifying

the

mean

SNR

in

the

supratentorial

brain

cerebellum

brainstem

and

cervical

spinal

cord

b

c

Axial

maps

showing

the

ROIs

used

for

quantifying

the

mean

g

factor

in

the

brain

and

spinal

cord

Color

figure

can

be

viewed

in

the

online

issue

which

is

available

at

wileyonlinelibrary.com


Fig. 1A-H A 29-year-old man with scaphoid nonunion and proximal pole avascular necrosis (AVN) with good clinical outcome following surgery. A Preoperative posteroanterior wrist radiograph demonstrates diffuse sclerosis within the proximal pole of the scaphoid and pseudoarthrosis (arrow). B Preoperative coronal T1-weighted MR image (TR: 460, TE: 16) shows decreased marrow signal intensity within the scaphoid proximal pole (*) and additionally in the distal pole (*) with pseudoarthrosis (arrows). C Corresponding Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) MR image (TI: 90, TR: 3800, TE: 19) shows decreased marrow signal intensity in the proximal pole (*) and increased signal intensity within the distal pole of the scaphoid. D Fat-saturated T1-weighted MR image (TR: 600, TE: 17) after contrast enhancement shows increased contrast enhancement within the proximal and distal pole of scaphoid. E Postoperative T1-weighted MR image (TR: 600, TE: 17) shows some evidence of normalizing marrow signal within the proximal pole (arrow) and evidence of union on MR imaging. Some persistent decreased signal intensity remains within both the proximal and distal poles, though this has markedly improved compared with the preoperative imaging. F STIR image (TI: 90, TR: 3840, TE: 19) shows increased signal intensity within the marrow of the proximal scaphoid and decreasing signal within the distal pole of the scaphoid. G Fat-saturated T1-weighted MR image (TE: 480, TE: 17) after contrast enhancement shows absence of pseudoarthrosis and evidence of consolidation. H Coronal reconstructed CT image confirms scaphoid consolidation

Fig

H

A

old

man

with

scaphoid

nonunion

and

proximal

pole

avascular

necrosis

AVN

with

good

clinical

outcome

following

surgery

A

Preoperative

posteroanterior

wrist

radiograph

demonstrates

diffuse

sclerosis

within

the

proximal

pole

of

the

scaphoid

and

pseudoarthrosis

arrow

B

Preoperative

coronal

MR

image

TR

TE

shows

decreased

marrow

signal

intensity

within

the

scaphoid

proximal

pole

and

additionally

in

the

distal

pole

with

pseudoarthrosis

arrows

C

Corresponding

Short

Tau

Inversion

Recovery

STIR

MR

image

TI

TR

TE

shows

decreased

marrow

signal

intensity

in

the

proximal

pole

and

increased

signal

intensity

within

the

distal

pole

of

the

scaphoid

D

Fat

saturated

MR

image

TR

TE

after

contrast

enhancement

shows

increased

contrast

enhancement

within

the

proximal

and

distal

pole

of

scaphoid

E

Postoperative

MR

image

TR

TE

shows

some

evidence

of

normalizing

marrow

signal

within

the

proximal

pole

arrow

and

evidence

of

union

on

MR

imaging

Some

persistent

decreased

signal

intensity

remains

within

both

the

proximal

and

distal

poles

though

this

has

markedly

improved

compared

with

the

preoperative

imaging

F

STIR

image

TI

TR

TE

shows

increased

signal

intensity

within

the

marrow

of

the

proximal

scaphoid

and

decreasing

signal

within

the

distal

pole

of

the

scaphoid

G

Fat

saturated

MR

image

TE

TE

after

contrast

enhancement

shows

absence

of

pseudoarthrosis

and

evidence

of

consolidation

H

Coronal

reconstructed

CT

image

confirms

scaphoid

consolidation


Figure 1 Axial CT scans of adults aged 32–60 years showing bone abnormalities in the mandible. (a) Small non-expanding unilocular radiolucencies. (b) Large expanding multilocular bone abnormalities perforating and thinning the cortical border. (c) Thick cortical lining and areas of osteosclerosis. (d) Expanded and deformed/irregular cortical outline

Figure

Axial

CT

scans

of

adults

aged

years

showing

bone

abnormalities

in

the

mandible

a

Small

non

expanding

unilocular

radiolucencies

b

Large

expanding

multilocular

bone

abnormalities

perforating

and

thinning

the

cortical

border

c

Thick

cortical

lining

and

areas

of

osteosclerosis

d

Expanded

and

deformed

irregular

cortical

outline


Fig. 3. Nuclear localization of the SlTIR1 protein fused to a GFP tag. Tobacco protoplasts were transiently transformed with either pro35S:GFP (A) or pro35S:SlTIR1-GFP (B) constructs. The subcellular localization of the SlTIR1–GFP fusion protein or GFP alone was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (left panel). Light micrographs (middle panel) and fluorescence (left panel) images are merged (right panel) to illustrate the different location of the two proteins.

Fig

Nuclear

localization

of

the

protein

fused

to

a

GFP

tag

Tobacco

protoplasts

were

transiently

transformed

with

either

GFP

A

or

B

constructs

The

subcellular

localization

of

the

fusion

protein

or

GFP

alone

was

analysed

by

confocal

laser

scanning

microscopy

left

panel

Light

micrographs

middle

panel

and

fluorescence

left

panel

images

are

merged

right

panel

to

illustrate

the

different

location

of

the

two

proteins


Figure 1. Transthoracic echocardiography image of pericardial effusion Figure 2. Thoracic computed tomography image of pericardial effusion

Figure

Transthoracic

echocardiography

image

of

pericardial

effusion

Figure

Thoracic

computed

tomography

image

of

pericardial

effusion


Fig. 9 A 2-year-old girl with severe dysplastic mitral valve. Cardiac MRI images after administration of (a) gadobenate and (b) ferumoxytol show metallic scaffolding percutaneously delivered into the mitral position. Note sharper anatomical delineation and better blood pool to myocardium contrast of the ferumoxytol image than the gadobenate image

Fig

A

old

girl

with

severe

dysplastic

mitral

valve

Cardiac

MRI

images

after

administration

of

a

gadobenate

and

b

ferumoxytol

show

metallic

scaffolding

percutaneously

delivered

into

the

mitral

position

Note

sharper

anatomical

delineation

and

better

blood

pool

to

myocardium

contrast

of

the

ferumoxytol

image

than

the

gadobenate

image


Figure 7: [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT (1 h p.i.) demonstrating a very first patient with multiple lymph node metastases. Red arrows point to a representative lesion with a SUVmax of 36.5 and a tumor-to-background ratio of 52.1 one hour p.i.: (A) Contrast enhanced CT, (B) maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the PET scan 1 h p.i., (C) fusion of PET scan and contrast enhanced CT.

Figure

PET

CT

h

p.i

demonstrating

a

very

first

patient

with

multiple

lymph

node

metastases

Red

arrows

point

to

a

representative

lesion

with

a

SUVmax

of

and

a

tumor

to

background

ratio

of

one

hour

p.i

A

Contrast

enhanced

CT

B

maximum

intensity

projection

MIP

of

the

PET

scan

h

p.i

C

fusion

of

PET

scan

and

contrast

enhanced

CT


Fig. 1. A 65-year-old woman with an acute infarction of the right basal ganglia. A : A positive signal on magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo image is defined by the location in the plaque and at least 2 image slices with at least 2-fold higher signal intensity compared to adjacent muscle (arrow). B : Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) positive is defined as hyperintense signal on DWI trace with associated decreased signal on the apparent diffusion coefficient map, corresponding to an acute ischemic event at the time of the scan (arrow).

Fig

A

old

woman

with

an

acute

infarction

of

the

right

basal

ganglia

A

A

positive

signal

on

magnetization

prepared

rapid

acquisition

with

gradient

echo

image

is

defined

by

the

location

in

the

plaque

and

at

least

image

slices

with

at

least

higher

signal

intensity

compared

to

adjacent

muscle

arrow

B

Diffusion

weighted

imaging

DWI

positive

is

defined

as

hyperintense

signal

on

DWI

trace

with

associated

decreased

signal

on

the

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

map

corresponding

to

an

acute

ischemic

event

at

the

time

of

the

scan

arrow


Figure 4 Top panel: Sagittal section of CT of abdomen performed five days after vesical lithotripsy showed urinary bladder distended with clots. But the outline of urinary bladder was intact. Bottom panel: Sagittal section of CT abdomen with oral positive contrast, performed 12 days after vesical lithotripsy (two days after cystoscopy and clot evacuation) when the patient developed abdominal distension: A large intra-peritoneal haematoma, at the superior aspect of dome of urinary bladder was seen which was in continuity with the lumen of the bladder. The tip of Foley catheter was abutting on the haematoma.

Figure

Top

panel

Sagittal

section

of

CT

of

abdomen

performed

five

days

after

vesical

lithotripsy

showed

urinary

bladder

distended

with

clots

But

the

outline

of

urinary

bladder

was

intact

Bottom

panel

Sagittal

section

of

CT

abdomen

with

oral

positive

contrast

performed

days

after

vesical

lithotripsy

two

days

after

cystoscopy

and

clot

evacuation

when

the

patient

developed

abdominal

distension

A

large

intra

peritoneal

haematoma

at

the

superior

aspect

of

dome

of

urinary

bladder

was

seen

which

was

in

continuity

with

the

lumen

of

the

bladder

The

tip

of

Foley

catheter

was

abutting

on

the

haematoma


Fig. 2. Ultrasonographic finding of plantar fasciitis. (A) Thickening of the plantar fascia, Sagittal sonogram of 40-year-old man who had a clinical diagnosis of plantar fasciitis. (B) Normal sonographic finding of plantar fascia.

Fig

Ultrasonographic

finding

of

plantar

fasciitis

A

Thickening

of

the

plantar

fascia

Sagittal

sonogram

of

old

man

who

had

a

clinical

diagnosis

of

plantar

fasciitis

B

Normal

sonographic

finding

of

plantar

fascia


Figure 3. Reproductive system-specific GAL4. (A) Scheme. The 4.4 Kb oamb genomic region containing oamb promoter region and part of the second intron was cloned upstream of promoterless-GAL4 in the pPTGAL vector. E, exon; +1, transcription initiation site. (B–D) The RS-GAL4 expression pattern was visualized with UAS-mCD8::GFP. Strong GFP expression was detectable in the oviduct epithelium in the dissected reproduction system (B) and a sagittal section (C), but not in the central nervous system (D). Images were captured under fluorescent as well as dim light illumination to outline tissue morphologies. (E–G) Sagittal sections of the CS (E), C380-GAL4/UAS-mCD8::GFP;P5391/+ (F) or dTdc2-GAL4/UASmCD8::GFP (G) female body were immunostained with anti-K3 (E, G) or anti-b-Galactosidase (F) followed by Alexa 555-labeled secondary antibodies. P5391 contains the enhancer P-element P[lArB] in the first oamb intron. P[lArB] has a LacZ reporter gene, which is expressed in the oviduct epithelial

Figure

Reproductive

system

specific

A

Scheme

The

Kb

oamb

genomic

region

containing

oamb

promoter

region

and

part

of

the

second

intron

was

cloned

upstream

of

promoterless

in

the

pPTGAL

vector

E

exon

transcription

initiation

site

B

D

The

RS

expression

pattern

was

visualized

with

UAS

Strong

GFP

expression

was

detectable

in

the

oviduct

epithelium

in

the

dissected

reproduction

system

B

and

a

sagittal

section

C

but

not

in

the

central

nervous

system

D

Images

were

captured

under

fluorescent

as

well

as

dim

light

illumination

to

outline

tissue

morphologies

E

G

Sagittal

sections

of

the

CS

E

UAS

F

or

G

female

body

were

immunostained

with

anti

E

G

or

anti

b

Galactosidase

F

followed

by

Alexa

secondary

antibodies

contains

the

enhancer

P

element

P[lArB

in

the

first

oamb

intron

P[lArB

has

a

LacZ

reporter

gene

which

is

expressed

in

the

oviduct

epithelial


FIG. 3. (A) Transverse T2-weighted images at the C4–5, (B) C5–6, and (C) C6–7 intervertebral spaces of the same dog. Bilateral, lateral spinal cord compression secondary to articular joint process proliferation is present at all levels. Two of the three observers agreed on characterizing C6–7 as the main site of compression. One observer selected the C4–5 intervertebral space as the main site of compression. The presence of multiple, moderate-to-severe compressive sites in several of the dogs enrolled in the study likely resulted in the disagreements noted among different observers when evaluating the main site of spinal cord compression.

FIG

A

Transverse

images

at

the

B

and

C

intervertebral

spaces

of

the

same

dog

Bilateral

lateral

spinal

cord

compression

secondary

to

articular

joint

process

proliferation

is

present

at

all

levels

Two

of

the

three

observers

agreed

on

characterizing

as

the

main

site

of

compression

One

observer

selected

the

intervertebral

space

as

the

main

site

of

compression

The

presence

of

multiple

moderate

to

severe

compressive

sites

in

several

of

the

dogs

enrolled

in

the

study

likely

resulted

in

the

disagreements

noted

among

different

observers

when

evaluating

the

main

site

of

spinal

cord

compression


Figure 5. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning images of a 58-year-old female with complicated Crohn disease. This patient presented with abdominal pain for >10 years, with a 3-month history of cloudy urine. Enhanced CT scanning showed a nidus with wall edema and mucosal thickness in the far end of the ileum (arrows in A), and the nidus invaded the bladder and shaped an eminence lesion, with a size of 38 Â 23 mm (B). MRI scanning showed a mass convex to the enteric cavity of the ileum, with tresis and internal fistula (T2-weighted, C), and this inflammatory mass encroached on the anterosuperior bladder (T1-weighted, D).

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

and

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

scanning

images

of

a

old

female

with

complicated

Crohn

disease

This

patient

presented

with

abdominal

pain

for

years

with

a

history

of

cloudy

urine

Enhanced

CT

scanning

showed

a

nidus

with

wall

edema

and

mucosal

thickness

in

the

far

end

of

the

ileum

arrows

in

A

and

the

nidus

invaded

the

bladder

and

shaped

an

eminence

lesion

with

a

size

of

Â

mm

B

MRI

scanning

showed

a

mass

convex

to

the

enteric

cavity

of

the

ileum

with

tresis

and

internal

fistula

C

and

this

inflammatory

mass

encroached

on

the

anterosuperior

bladder

D


Figure 6 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetus with mild ventriculomegaly (VM) diagnosed on ultrasound. MRI was performed at 21 weeks’ gestation, which confirmed mild VM/colpocephaly on axial image (a) but also showed agenesis of corpus callosum (a,b). Coronal image through face (c) and axial image at level of cerebellum (d) showed poor development of right globe leading to diagnosis of Aicardi syndrome. All these features were confirmed on autopsy.

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

in

fetus

with

mild

ventriculomegaly

VM

diagnosed

on

ultrasound

MRI

was

performed

at

weeks

gestation

which

confirmed

mild

VM

colpocephaly

on

axial

image

a

but

also

showed

agenesis

of

corpus

callosum

a

b

Coronal

image

through

face

c

and

axial

image

at

level

of

cerebellum

d

showed

poor

development

of

right

globe

leading

to

diagnosis

of

Aicardi

syndrome

All

these

features

were

confirmed

on

autopsy


Fig. 4. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in a 47-year-old female. A 1.2 cm size, round, hyperattenuating mass (yellow arrow) was seen in the pancreas tail on computed tomography (A). The mass was well defined and displayed a hypoechoic, homogeneous pattern on endoscopic ultrasonography (B).

Fig

Pancreatic

neuroendocrine

tumor

in

a

old

female

A

cm

size

round

hyperattenuating

mass

yellow

arrow

was

seen

in

the

pancreas

tail

on

computed

tomography

A

The

mass

was

well

defined

and

displayed

a

hypoechoic

homogeneous

pattern

on

endoscopic

ultrasonography

B


FIGURE 5 Data example showing estimates of three faWMTI parameters (branch 1) based on a 1–9‐9 acquisition in live rat brain at an isotropic resolution of 300 μm. Axial and coronal slice planes are shown. The parameter values are overlaid on the b = 0 images from the 1–9‐9 data set

FIGURE

Data

example

showing

estimates

of

three

faWMTI

parameters

branch

based

on

a

acquisition

in

live

rat

brain

at

an

isotropic

resolution

of

μm

Axial

and

coronal

slice

planes

are

shown

The

parameter

values

are

overlaid

on

the

b

images

from

the

data

set


Figure 3 Images retrieved from the hologram. a, Two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation of the hologram in Fig. 2. b, Zoomed-in image, obtained by subtracting the Fourier transformations of opposite-helicity holograms. Below are shown scan lines through the holographic image (red) and the STXM image in Fig. 1 (blue).

Figure

Images

retrieved

from

the

hologram

a

Two

dimensional

fast

Fourier

transformation

of

the

hologram

in

Fig

b

Zoomed

in

image

obtained

by

subtracting

the

Fourier

transformations

of

opposite

helicity

holograms

Below

are

shown

scan

lines

through

the

holographic

image

red

and

the

STXM

image

in

Fig

blue


Figure 5. A representative case of a 72-year-old male with Child -Pugh class A hepatic function (case 12 in the Tables 1 and 2). (a) Before radiotherapy, the tumor located in S7 extended to IVC and the intraluminal space was narrow in the CT images. The tumor was indicated by the red arrowhead. (b) Dose distribution of the treatment plan. A total tumor dose of 50 Gy was delivered in 25 fractions by a dynamic conformal arc with four static fields. (c) Three months after radiotherapy. S7 tumor disappeared and no enhancement defect was observed within IVC, and the treatment response was judged as a complete response. The patient died of hepatic failure 13.7 months after irradiation. The irradiated tumor had no sign of regrowth at the time of death. (A colour version of this figure is available as supplementary data at http://www.jjco.oxfordjournals.org.)

Figure

A

representative

case

of

a

old

male

with

Child

-Pugh

class

A

hepatic

function

case

in

the

Tables

and

a

Before

radiotherapy

the

tumor

located

in

extended

to

IVC

and

the

intraluminal

space

was

narrow

in

the

CT

images

The

tumor

was

indicated

by

the

red

arrowhead

b

Dose

distribution

of

the

treatment

plan

A

total

tumor

dose

of

Gy

was

delivered

in

fractions

by

a

dynamic

conformal

arc

with

four

static

fields

c

Three

months

after

radiotherapy

tumor

disappeared

and

no

enhancement

defect

was

observed

within

IVC

and

the

treatment

response

was

judged

as

a

complete

response

The

patient

died

of

hepatic

failure

months

after

irradiation

The

irradiated

tumor

had

no

sign

of

regrowth

at

the

time

of

death

A

colour

version

of

this

figure

is

available

as

supplementary

data

at


Figure 1. A chest computed tomography scan at the time of diagnosis showing a tumor in the left upper lung lobe and swollen mediastinal lymph nodes (A). After three months of erlotinib treatment, the tumors remarkably improved (B). After approximately 10 months of treatment, the thoracic tumor lesions (C) and multiple liver metastases (D) were enlarged.

Figure

A

chest

computed

tomography

scan

at

the

time

of

diagnosis

showing

a

tumor

in

the

left

upper

lung

lobe

and

swollen

mediastinal

lymph

nodes

A

After

three

months

of

erlotinib

treatment

the

tumors

remarkably

improved

B

After

approximately

months

of

treatment

the

thoracic

tumor

lesions

C

and

multiple

liver

metastases

D

were

enlarged


Fig. 1. Abdominal CT A) Axial view with a 11.5 × 12.1 cm spleen tumor with heterogeneous enhanced on the arterial phase. B) Sagittal view, with the greatest dimension of the tumor of 14.3 cm.

Fig

Abdominal

CT

A

Axial

view

with

a

cm

spleen

tumor

with

heterogeneous

enhanced

on

the

arterial

phase

B

Sagittal

view

with

the

greatest

dimension

of

the

tumor

of

cm


FIG. 4. Illustrations of DTA on CT images of three different trabecular bone samples (2.1 × 2.1 × 1.3 mm 3 ). (Left) Original CT image (full voxel model) of the trabecular bone sample. (Right) Skeletonized image (skeleton model). (A) Plate-to-rod ratio ס 20.10, plate tissue fraction ס 0.9526, Young's modulus ס 974.8 MPa. (B) Plateto-rod ratio ס 10.22, plate tissue fraction ס 0.9109, Young's modulus ס 674.8 MPa. (C) Plate-to-rod ratio ס 5.94, plate tissue fraction ס 0.8559, Young's modulus ס 216.8 MPa.

FIG

Illustrations

of

DTA

on

CT

images

of

three

different

trabecular

bone

samples

mm

Left

Original

CT

image

full

voxel

model

of

the

trabecular

bone

sample

Right

Skeletonized

image

skeleton

model

A

Plate

to

rod

ratio

ס

plate

tissue

fraction

ס

Young

's

modulus

ס

MPa

B

Plateto

rod

ratio

ס

plate

tissue

fraction

ס

Young

's

modulus

ס

MPa

C

Plate

to

rod

ratio

ס

plate

tissue

fraction

ס

Young

's

modulus

ס

MPa


Fig. 1 a 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography on Day 0 shows significant retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. b 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography on Day 76 shows complete resolution of the retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

Fig

a

F

fluorodeoxyglucose

positron

emission

tomography/

computed

tomography

on

Day

shows

significant

retroperitoneal

lymphadenopathy

b

F

fluorodeoxyglucose

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

on

Day

shows

complete

resolution

of

the

retroperitoneal

lymphadenopathy


Figure 1 (a) Late phase fluorescein angiogram demonstrates an extrafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane associated with agerelated macular generation with subretinal fluid, with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/80. (b) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the lesion shows a hyporreflective image confirming subretinal fluid at baseline. (c) Late phase fluorescein angiogram, and (d) SD-OCT demonstrate a complete resolution of subretinal fluid, with a BCVA of 20/25 at 6 months of follow up, after doses of intravitreal adalimumab and bevacizumab. There is a new area of hypo- and hyperfluorecence superotemporal to the fovea without leakage (c).

Figure

a

Late

phase

fluorescein

angiogram

demonstrates

an

extrafoveal

choroidal

neovascular

membrane

associated

with

agerelated

macular

generation

with

subretinal

fluid

with

a

best

corrected

visual

acuity

BCVA

of

b

Spectral

domain

optical

coherence

tomography

SD

OCT

of

the

lesion

shows

a

hyporreflective

image

confirming

subretinal

fluid

at

baseline

c

Late

phase

fluorescein

angiogram

and

d

SD

OCT

demonstrate

a

complete

resolution

of

subretinal

fluid

with

a

BCVA

of

at

months

of

follow

up

after

doses

of

intravitreal

adalimumab

and

bevacizumab

There

is

a

new

area

of

hypo-

and

hyperfluorecence

superotemporal

to

the

fovea

without

leakage

c


Fig. 1. A: an arterial spin labeling (ASL) measure of regional pulmonary blood flow (in ml min 1 cm 3) after correction for coil heterogeneity and absolute quantification of perfusion in a representative subject lying supine in the magnetic resonance scanner. This is a sagittal slice of the mid-right lung at functional residual capacity. The posterior lung is at the bottom of the image and region adjacent to the diaphragm is visible as the concave region on the left side of the image. The division of the right lung unto upper, middle, and lower lobes is visible. The signal intensity of the images scales as a function of perfusion, with brighter regions representing areas of greater blood flow. B: Fast Low-Angle SHot (FLASH) proton density (g/cm3) measures of regional lung density in the lung same slice as in A. A vertical gradient in proton density is visible as brighter voxels in the dependent portion of the lung. C: data from the same lung slice as in A and B after absolute quantification of perfusion and density, image registration, and division of the ASL measure of perfusion by the FLASH density to give a measure of density normalized perfusion (ml min 1 g 1).

Fig

A

an

arterial

spin

labeling

ASL

measure

of

regional

pulmonary

blood

flow

in

ml

min

cm

after

correction

for

coil

heterogeneity

and

absolute

quantification

of

perfusion

in

a

representative

subject

lying

supine

in

the

magnetic

resonance

scanner

This

is

a

sagittal

slice

of

the

mid

right

lung

at

functional

residual

capacity

The

posterior

lung

is

at

the

bottom

of

the

image

and

region

adjacent

to

the

diaphragm

is

visible

as

the

concave

region

on

the

left

side

of

the

image

The

division

of

the

right

lung

unto

upper

middle

and

lower

lobes

is

visible

The

signal

intensity

of

the

images

scales

as

a

function

of

perfusion

with

brighter

regions

representing

areas

of

greater

blood

flow

B

Fast

Low

Angle

SHot

FLASH

proton

density

g

measures

of

regional

lung

density

in

the

lung

same

slice

as

in

A.

A

vertical

gradient

in

proton

density

is

visible

as

brighter

voxels

in

the

dependent

portion

of

the

lung

C

data

from

the

same

lung

slice

as

in

A

and

B

after

absolute

quantification

of

perfusion

and

density

image

registration

and

division

of

the

ASL

measure

of

perfusion

by

the

FLASH

density

to

give

a

measure

of

density

normalized

perfusion

ml

min

g


Figure 1: (A + B): (2008) (A) X-ray of the left hip demonstrating subluxation of the femoral head which is destroying the edge of the acetabulum (arrow) like a mortar. (B) 3-D reconstruction of the hip showing bony debris of the acetabulum edge forming a secondary acetabulum (asterisk) trying to cover the femoral head.

Figure

A

B

A

X

ray

of

the

left

hip

demonstrating

subluxation

of

the

femoral

head

which

is

destroying

the

edge

of

the

acetabulum

arrow

like

a

mortar

B

reconstruction

of

the

hip

showing

bony

debris

of

the

acetabulum

edge

forming

a

secondary

acetabulum

asterisk

trying

to

cover

the

femoral

head


Fig. 2. Dmrt5 regulates regionally specific mesencephalic gene expression in the chicken embryo. Naïve chick midbrain neuroepithelium was electroporated with a mouse Dmrt5 expressing plasmid and hybridized for chick Mab21l2 or Foxa2 at st.17. (A) Frontal view (Left) and coronal midbrain section (Center) illustrating the loss of Mab21l2 expression (black arrowheads) in ectopic Dmrt5-expressing (Right) tissue (white arrowhead). (B) Frontal view (Left) and coronal midbrain section (Center) illustrating the induction of Foxa2 expression (black arrowheads) in ectopic Dmrt5-expressing (Right) tissue (white arrowhead).

Fig

regulates

regionally

specific

mesencephalic

gene

expression

in

the

chicken

embryo

Naïve

chick

midbrain

neuroepithelium

was

electroporated

with

a

mouse

expressing

plasmid

and

hybridized

for

chick

or

at

A

Frontal

view

Left

and

coronal

midbrain

section

Center

illustrating

the

loss

of

expression

black

arrowheads

in

ectopic

Right

tissue

white

arrowhead

B

Frontal

view

Left

and

coronal

midbrain

section

Center

illustrating

the

induction

of

expression

black

arrowheads

in

ectopic

Right

tissue

white

arrowhead


Fig. 12 Tentacles. a Longitudinal ultrathin section of distal tentacle in specimen #675 with coelomic cavity (ct) surrounded by myoepithelial cells (mte), parts of prototroch (pr) ventral to tentacle; b–e series of ultrathin sections through region of connection between mesoderm of tentacles and first segment of specimen #308; arrows point to ECM of mesoderm; b epithelio-muscle cells (mu) surrounded by epidermis in tentacle; c solid mesoderm strand (mte) surrounded by epidermis in tentacle; d, e merging of mesoderm of first segment (m1) with mesoderm of tentacle (mte), foregut (fg)

Fig

Tentacles

a

Longitudinal

ultrathin

section

of

distal

tentacle

in

specimen

with

coelomic

cavity

ct

surrounded

by

myoepithelial

cells

mte

parts

of

prototroch

pr

ventral

to

tentacle

b

e

series

of

ultrathin

sections

through

region

of

connection

between

mesoderm

of

tentacles

and

first

segment

of

specimen

arrows

point

to

ECM

of

mesoderm

b

epithelio

muscle

cells

mu

surrounded

by

epidermis

in

tentacle

c

solid

mesoderm

strand

mte

surrounded

by

epidermis

in

tentacle

d

e

merging

of

mesoderm

of

first

segment

with

mesoderm

of

tentacle

mte

foregut

fg


FIG. 5. Cellular and nuclear morphology indicative of apoptosis and necrosis can be seen in N2a cells treated with Al-malt. Cells were treated with Al-malt and maltolate at the indicated concentrations for 24 h and then examined by light microscopy (all 3200) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CHX was added to some cell cultures 30 min before the addition of Al-malt. (a) control phase contrast; (b) control H33258; (c) 500 mM Al-malt phase contrast; (d) 500 mM Al-malt H33258; (e) CHX phase contrast; (f ) CHX H33258; (g) 500 mM Al-malt 1 CHX phase contrast; (h) 500 mM Al-malt 1 CHX H33258; (i) control SEM; ( j) 500 mM Al-malt SEM. Micrographs are representative of two independent experiments with similar results.

FIG

Cellular

and

nuclear

morphology

indicative

of

apoptosis

and

necrosis

can

be

seen

in

cells

treated

with

Al

malt

Cells

were

treated

with

Al

malt

and

maltolate

at

the

indicated

concentrations

for

h

and

then

examined

by

light

microscopy

all

and

scanning

electron

microscopy

SEM

CHX

was

added

to

some

cell

cultures

min

before

the

addition

of

Al

malt

a

control

phase

contrast

b

control

c

mM

Al

malt

phase

contrast

d

mM

Al

malt

e

CHX

phase

contrast

f

CHX

g

mM

Al

malt

CHX

phase

contrast

h

mM

Al

malt

CHX

i

control

SEM

j

mM

Al

malt

SEM

Micrographs

are

representative

of

two

independent

experiments

with

similar

results


Figure 4: a) Harvesting of the ab¬dominal fat graft using a 4cm transverse side incision below the umbilicus; b) Frontal sinus right side cavity obliteration with abdominal fat graft

Figure

a

Harvesting

of

the

ab¬dominal

fat

graft

using

a

cm

transverse

side

incision

below

the

umbilicus

b

Frontal

sinus

right

side

cavity

obliteration

with

abdominal

fat

graft


Figure 1. (A) Chest X-rays. A large homogenous shadow in the right upper and middle lung fields and a reticular shadow are present in the left middle lung field. (B) Computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Massive infiltration of the right middle lung field was observed. (c) Sagittal T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. A vertebral body fracture was found at the level of L1 (white arrows). (D) postmortem pathological studies. Fat emboli including bone marrow cells were observed in the pulmonary artery (He stain, 100×). (e) postmortem pathological studies. Bone marrow cells were present in an arteriole in the submucosa of the colon (He stain, 400×). (F) Postmortem pathological studies. Higher magnification of the same section showed many myelocytes and erythroblasts (He stain, 1000×).

Figure

A

Chest

X

rays

A

large

homogenous

shadow

in

the

right

upper

and

middle

lung

fields

and

a

reticular

shadow

are

present

in

the

left

middle

lung

field

B

Computed

tomography

CT

of

the

chest

Massive

infiltration

of

the

right

middle

lung

field

was

observed

c

Sagittal

weighted

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

of

the

lumbar

spine

A

vertebral

body

fracture

was

found

at

the

level

of

white

arrows

D

postmortem

pathological

studies

Fat

emboli

including

bone

marrow

cells

were

observed

in

the

pulmonary

artery

He

stain

e

postmortem

pathological

studies

Bone

marrow

cells

were

present

in

an

arteriole

in

the

submucosa

of

the

colon

He

stain

F

Postmortem

pathological

studies

Higher

magnification

of

the

same

section

showed

many

myelocytes

and

erythroblasts

He

stain


Fig. 7. A. Panoramic radiograph showing hyperplasia of the right coronoid processes. B, C. Sagittal computed tomography scans from case 4 showing hyperplasia of the right coronoid processes. The elongated right coronoid process had impinged on the zygomatic arch (arrow). Sung-Min Kim et al: Mouth opening limitation caused by coronoid hyperplasia: a report of four cases. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014

Fig

A.

Panoramic

radiograph

showing

hyperplasia

of

the

right

coronoid

processes

B

C.

Sagittal

computed

tomography

scans

from

case

showing

hyperplasia

of

the

right

coronoid

processes

The

elongated

right

coronoid

process

had

impinged

on

the

zygomatic

arch

arrow

Sung

Min

Kim

et

al

Mouth

opening

limitation

caused

by

coronoid

hyperplasia

a

report

of

four

cases

J

Korean

Assoc

Oral

Maxillofac

Surg


Fig. 2 Indwelling transanal tube (ITT). a A 10–12F flexible drainage tube was placed and secured to the bilateral buttocks. b Decompression using an ITT in long-segment (L)-type Hirschsprung’s disease; abdominal X-ray taken before decompression showing a dilated colon (pre), which disappeared after ITT insertion (post). c Decompression using an ITT in total (T)-type HD; abdominal distention is visibly improved after (post) versus before (pre) ITT insertion

Fig

Indwelling

transanal

tube

ITT

a

A

flexible

drainage

tube

was

placed

and

secured

to

the

bilateral

buttocks

b

Decompression

using

an

ITT

in

long

segment

L)-type

Hirschsprung

’s

disease

abdominal

X

ray

taken

before

decompression

showing

a

dilated

colon

pre

which

disappeared

after

ITT

insertion

post

c

Decompression

using

an

ITT

in

total

T)-type

HD

abdominal

distention

is

visibly

improved

after

post

versus

before

pre

ITT

insertion


Figure 2 (A) Transoesophageal echocardiogram of the patient with an aneurysm of the interatrial septum. The aneurysm bulges into the right atrium and two small defects (indicated by the arrows) are identified in this longitudinal plane. A left to right colour jet can be seen passing through the upper defect. (B) Two Amplatzer septal occluders have been placed. The arrows indicate each of the devices, which are aligned sequentially on the atrial septum. There was no residual flow on contrast echocardiography. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium.

Figure

A

Transoesophageal

echocardiogram

of

the

patient

with

an

aneurysm

of

the

interatrial

septum

The

aneurysm

bulges

into

the

right

atrium

and

two

small

defects

indicated

by

the

arrows

are

identified

in

this

longitudinal

plane

A

left

to

right

colour

jet

can

be

seen

passing

through

the

upper

defect

B

Two

Amplatzer

septal

occluders

have

been

placed

The

arrows

indicate

each

of

the

devices

which

are

aligned

sequentially

on

the

atrial

septum

There

was

no

residual

flow

on

contrast

echocardiography

LA

left

atrium

RA

right

atrium


Fig. 2. A case of an 18-year-old female with a falling injury. (A, B) Preoperative and (C, D) 6-month postoperative coronal and sagittal section of computed tomography.

Fig

A

case

of

an

old

female

with

a

falling

injury

A

B

Preoperative

and

C

D

postoperative

coronal

and

sagittal

section

of

computed

tomography


FIGURE 3. Immunohistochemical staining of conjunctival specimens obtained from patients with SLK or Mooren ulcer using anti–IL-33 antibody. Frozen sections made from conjunctival specimens obtained from a patient with SLK (A) and a patient with Mooren ulcer (B, C) were stained by polyclonal anti–IL-33 antibody. Nuclear IL-33 staining was observed in the vascular endothelium. Double immunostaining was carried out with anti–PNAd (HEV) antibody (C). Original magnification, 200 .

FIGURE

Immunohistochemical

staining

of

conjunctival

specimens

obtained

from

patients

with

SLK

or

Mooren

ulcer

using

anti

antibody

Frozen

sections

made

from

conjunctival

specimens

obtained

from

a

patient

with

SLK

A

and

a

patient

with

Mooren

ulcer

B

C

were

stained

by

polyclonal

anti

antibody

Nuclear

staining

was

observed

in

the

vascular

endothelium

Double

immunostaining

was

carried

out

with

anti

PNAd

HEV

antibody

C

Original

magnification


Figure 1: head MRI: (A) sagittal T1-WI; (B) coronal T2-WI; (C) sagittal post contrast T1-WI; (D) diffusion WI; (E) FLAIR; (F) MRS: demonstrate left upper cerebellar hemisphere intra axial lesion, well defined, with striated appearance on T2-WI, which not enhance after gadolinium injection. This lesion appear with high intensity in FLAIR and DWI and moderately decreased choline (cho)/Cr ratio

Figure

head

MRI

A

sagittal

B

coronal

C

sagittal

post

contrast

D

diffusion

WI

E

FLAIR

F

MRS

demonstrate

left

upper

cerebellar

hemisphere

intra

axial

lesion

well

defined

with

striated

appearance

on

which

not

enhance

after

gadolinium

injection

This

lesion

appear

with

high

intensity

in

FLAIR

and

DWI

and

moderately

decreased

choline

cho)/Cr

ratio


Figure 6 (A) T1-weighted SEMAC-VAT image, of a 49-year-old male who underwent THA on his left hip joint, showing nonuniform signals in the soft tissue (white arrow head). (B) T2-weighted TIRM SEMAC-VAT image, of a 49-year-old male who underwent THA on his left hip joint, showing a high signal at the soft tissue (white arrow head). (C) DR image, of a 49-year-old male who underwent THA on his left hip joint, showing suspicious lucency around the implant. However, it was not confirmed in the revision surgery, so we considered it to be a false positive. (D) Pathological findings showing fibrous hyperplasia and metallic particles (white arrows). The patient was finally diagnosed with metallosis, which is a kind of adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR). DR Z digital radiography; SEMAC-VAT Z slice-encoding metal artifact correction and view-angle tilting; THA Z total hip arthroplasty; TIRM Z turbo inversion recovery magnitude.

Figure

A

SEMAC

VAT

image

of

a

old

male

who

underwent

THA

on

his

left

hip

joint

showing

nonuniform

signals

in

the

soft

tissue

white

arrow

head

B

TIRM

SEMAC

VAT

image

of

a

old

male

who

underwent

THA

on

his

left

hip

joint

showing

a

high

signal

at

the

soft

tissue

white

arrow

head

C

DR

image

of

a

old

male

who

underwent

THA

on

his

left

hip

joint

showing

suspicious

lucency

around

the

implant

However

it

was

not

confirmed

in

the

revision

surgery

so

we

considered

it

to

be

a

false

positive

D

Pathological

findings

showing

fibrous

hyperplasia

and

metallic

particles

white

arrows

The

patient

was

finally

diagnosed

with

metallosis

which

is

a

kind

of

adverse

local

tissue

reaction

ALTR

DR

Z

digital

radiography

SEMAC

VAT

Z

slice

encoding

metal

artifact

correction

and

view

angle

tilting

THA

Z

total

hip

arthroplasty

TIRM

Z

turbo

inversion

recovery

magnitude


Fig. 8. Sagittal (A) right side, (B) left side and coronal (C) reconstruction computed tomography after 5 years of surgery showing complete bone union. C A B

Fig

Sagittal

A

right

side

B

left

side

and

coronal

C

reconstruction

computed

tomography

after

years

of

surgery

showing

complete

bone

union

C

A

B


Figure 1a Occlusal view of maxillary arch, all primary teeth in left maxilla are affected b Occlusal view of mandibular arch: all mandibular teeth have normal size and are caries-free c Periapical view of maxillary left primary canines and molars. Note the ghost teeth in the radiograph.

Figure

Occlusal

view

of

maxillary

arch

all

primary

teeth

in

left

maxilla

are

affected

b

Occlusal

view

of

mandibular

arch

all

mandibular

teeth

have

normal

size

and

are

caries

free

c

Periapical

view

of

maxillary

left

primary

canines

and

molars

Note

the

ghost

teeth

in

the

radiograph


Figure 2: Spiral computerized tomography slice showing (a) primary molar in sagittal view, (b) axial view showing canal volume at coronal third, (c) canal volume at middle third, (d) canal volume at apical third, (e) Three‑dimensional view of canal volume from coronal to 1 mm short of apical third

Figure

Spiral

computerized

tomography

slice

showing

a

primary

molar

in

sagittal

view

b

axial

view

showing

canal

volume

at

coronal

third

c

canal

volume

at

middle

third

d

canal

volume

at

apical

third

e

Three‑dimensional

view

of

canal

volume

from

coronal

to

mm

short

of

apical

third


Figure 2 Parametric images of DA D2 receptor density coregistered with MRI images windowed to demonstrate [ 18 F]fallypride-b.p.'s in (a) the anterior and ventral striatum on a coronal image, (b) the medial thalamus on an axial image, (c) the substantia nigra, colliculi, and temporal cortex on an axial image through the midbrain, and (d) the amygdala and temporal cortex on an axial image through the uncus of the temporal lobes.

Figure

Parametric

images

of

DA

receptor

density

coregistered

with

MRI

images

windowed

to

demonstrate

F]fallypride

b.p

's

in

a

the

anterior

and

ventral

striatum

on

a

coronal

image

b

the

medial

thalamus

on

an

axial

image

c

the

substantia

nigra

colliculi

and

temporal

cortex

on

an

axial

image

through

the

midbrain

and

d

the

amygdala

and

temporal

cortex

on

an

axial

image

through

the

uncus

of

the

temporal

lobes


Figure 2. Macroscopic findings of the abdominal aorta. A: The wall was irregularly thick and the lumen was rough. B: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen on the 16th hospital day showed the irregular wall of the abdominal aorta (circle). C: Both the renal arteries (*1: right, *2: left) and celiac artery (*3) were occluded at the origin. *4: superior mesenteric artery.

Figure

Macroscopic

findings

of

the

abdominal

aorta

A

The

wall

was

irregularly

thick

and

the

lumen

was

rough

B

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

of

the

abdomen

on

the

hospital

day

showed

the

irregular

wall

of

the

abdominal

aorta

circle

C

Both

the

renal

arteries

right

left

and

celiac

artery

were

occluded

at

the

origin

superior

mesenteric

artery


Figure 1. (a) Optical morphology and scan electron morphology of TiB, (b) Transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction patterns of TiB, (c) Schematic illustration for the construction of B27 crystal structure of TiB: primitive trigonal prism, connection of trigonal prism, construction of B27 structure and the projection of (010) crystal plane.

Figure

a

Optical

morphology

and

scan

electron

morphology

of

TiB

b

Transmission

electron

microscopy

and

selected

area

diffraction

patterns

of

TiB

c

Schematic

illustration

for

the

construction

of

crystal

structure

of

TiB

primitive

trigonal

prism

connection

of

trigonal

prism

construction

of

structure

and

the

projection

of

crystal

plane


Figure 3. Representative case (62 years old) of HER2-negative classical apocrine carcinoma (G2) (Simple Stain-Max method after heat-induced antigen retrieval). Apocrine-type cancer cells showing plump, eosinophilic cytoplasm in H&E (a) are negative for ER (b), but with nuclear staining for AR (c). HER2 is only weakly (1þ) stained on the plasma membrane (d), while p53 is strongly positive in the nuclei (e). Ki-67 labeling is around 10% (f).

Figure

Representative

case

years

old

of

classical

apocrine

carcinoma

Simple

Stain

Max

method

after

heat

induced

antigen

retrieval

Apocrine

type

cancer

cells

showing

plump

eosinophilic

cytoplasm

in

H&E

a

are

negative

for

ER

b

but

with

nuclear

staining

for

AR

c

is

only

weakly

1þ

stained

on

the

plasma

membrane

d

while

is

strongly

positive

in

the

nuclei

e

labeling

is

around

f


Figure 1. Transaxial fused positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (A) and computed tomography (B) images showing the penile soft tissue mass with intense F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (arrows).

Figure

Transaxial

fused

positron

emission

tomographycomputed

tomography

A

and

computed

tomography

B

images

showing

the

penile

soft

tissue

mass

with

intense

fluorodeoxyglucose

uptake

arrows


Figure 2. Chest computed tomography taken at admission. Spheroidal matter in the cavity of the right lung apex is shown (A). Bronchoscopic findings on days 6 (B) and 8 of hospitalization (C). Active bleeding from the right B 1 a and B 1 b is shown (B). In each bronchus, 7-mm spigots were placed using sutures for easy removal (C).

Figure

Chest

computed

tomography

taken

at

admission

Spheroidal

matter

in

the

cavity

of

the

right

lung

apex

is

shown

A

Bronchoscopic

findings

on

days

B

and

of

hospitalization

C

Active

bleeding

from

the

right

B

a

and

B

b

is

shown

B

In

each

bronchus

spigots

were

placed

using

sutures

for

easy

removal

C