Fig. 1. (A) Endoscopy findings. A 1-cm polypoid lesion covered by exudates is observed just above the esophagogastric junction. (B) Endosonographic findings. A homogeneously hyperechoic lesion is seen in the submucosa. (C) Saline solution is injected to lift the lesion. (D) Complete removal of the lesion using a snare. (E) Resected specimen. (F) Histological findings. The resected polyp is composed of edematous granulated tissue containing numerous capillaries (H&E stain, ×200; Box, H&E stain, ×40).

Fig

A

Endoscopy

findings

A

polypoid

lesion

covered

by

exudates

is

observed

just

above

the

esophagogastric

junction

B

Endosonographic

findings

A

homogeneously

hyperechoic

lesion

is

seen

in

the

submucosa

C

Saline

solution

is

injected

to

lift

the

lesion

D

Complete

removal

of

the

lesion

using

a

snare

E

Resected

specimen

F

Histological

findings

The

resected

polyp

is

composed

of

edematous

granulated

tissue

containing

numerous

capillaries

H&E

stain

Box

H&E

stain


Fig. 1 Tissue-restricted transgenic expression of Cre recombinase in neural crest and endothelium. E10.5 embryos (a,c) and hearts (b,d) resulting from a cross of either Wnt1–cre (a,b) or Tek–cre (c,e) mice to the Z/EG reporter mouse. Cre activates expression of GFP in derivatives of the neural crest (a,b) and of endothelial cells (c–e). A transverse section through the heart of a Tek–cre × Z/EG embryo (e) shows GFP expression in both endothelial cells lining the endocardial cushions (yellow arrows) and the endothelial-derived mesenchymal cells within the cushion (white arrows). f, PCR was used to detect the recombined allele (Rcre) as described previously7 in genomic DNAs isolated from Nf1flox embryonic hearts either positive or negative for Tek–cre. PCR amplification of the Nf1flox allele from both samples is shown below as control. pa, pharyngeal arches; nt, neural tube; rv, right ventricle; lv, left ventricle; nc, neural crest; h, heart; ec, endocardial cushions.

Fig

Tissue

restricted

transgenic

expression

of

Cre

recombinase

in

neural

crest

and

endothelium

embryos

a

c

and

hearts

b

d

resulting

from

a

cross

of

either

a

b

or

Tek

cre

c

e

mice

to

the

Z

EG

reporter

mouse

Cre

activates

expression

of

GFP

in

derivatives

of

the

neural

crest

a

b

and

of

endothelial

cells

c

e

A

transverse

section

through

the

heart

of

a

Tek

cre

Z

EG

embryo

e

shows

GFP

expression

in

both

endothelial

cells

lining

the

endocardial

cushions

yellow

arrows

and

the

endothelial

derived

mesenchymal

cells

within

the

cushion

white

arrows

f

PCR

was

used

to

detect

the

recombined

allele

Rcre

as

described

in

genomic

DNAs

isolated

from

embryonic

hearts

either

positive

or

negative

for

Tek

cre

PCR

amplification

of

the

allele

from

both

samples

is

shown

below

as

control

pa

pharyngeal

arches

nt

neural

tube

rv

right

ventricle

lv

left

ventricle

nc

neural

crest

h

heart

ec

endocardial

cushions


FIGURE 8 | Marf regulates ER stress in frataxin deficient glial cells. (A) Representative image of 35-day-old frataxin-deficient GGCs coexpressing a control construct (fhRNAi-1/+; Repo-GAL4/ UAS-mcherryRNAi) stained with anti-BiP. A second UAS line does not influence BiP induction in frataxin-deficient flies. (B) Representative image of 35-day-old frataxin-deficient GGCs coexpressing a MarfRNAi construct (fhRNAi-1/+; Repo-GAL4/ UAS-MarfRNAi) stained with anti-BiP. Clear suppression of BiP induction by Marf silencing. (C) Representative image of 35-day-old control GGCs (Repo-GAL4/ UAS-MarfRNAi) stained with anti-BiP. In contrast to muscles (Debattisti et al., 2014), Marf downregulation in glia did not induce BiP expression. (D) Representative image of 35-day-old frataxin-deficient GGCs coexpressing Marf downregulation and the Xbp1GFP reporter (fhRNAi-1/UAS-Xbp1GFP; Repo-GAL4/ UAS-MarfRNAi) stained with anti-BiP. Nuclear localization of Xbp1 and BiP expression were restored to wild type levels. (E) A second RNAi line to downregulate Marf expression also reduces BiP immunoreactivity in FRDA flies (fhRNAi-1/+; Repo-GAL4/UAS-MarfRNAi(TRiP)). In all cases, scale bars represent 40 µm.

FIGURE

Marf

regulates

ER

stress

in

frataxin

deficient

glial

cells

A

Representative

image

of

old

frataxin

deficient

GGCs

coexpressing

a

control

construct

Repo

UAS

mcherryRNAi

stained

with

anti

BiP.

A

second

UAS

line

does

not

influence

BiP

induction

in

frataxin

deficient

flies

B

Representative

image

of

old

frataxin

deficient

GGCs

coexpressing

a

MarfRNAi

construct

Repo

UAS

MarfRNAi

stained

with

anti

BiP.

Clear

suppression

of

BiP

induction

by

Marf

silencing

C

Representative

image

of

old

control

GGCs

Repo

UAS

MarfRNAi

stained

with

anti

BiP.

In

contrast

to

muscles

Debattisti

et

al

Marf

downregulation

in

glia

did

not

induce

BiP

expression

D

Representative

image

of

old

frataxin

deficient

GGCs

coexpressing

Marf

downregulation

and

the

reporter

UAS

Repo

UAS

MarfRNAi

stained

with

anti

BiP.

Nuclear

localization

of

and

BiP

expression

were

restored

to

wild

type

levels

E

A

second

RNAi

line

to

downregulate

Marf

expression

also

reduces

BiP

immunoreactivity

in

FRDA

flies

Repo

UAS

MarfRNAi(TRiP

In

all

cases

scale

bars

represent

µm


Figure 1 I. Photographs of serially adjacent sections processed for corticostriatal labeling (dark-field photographs; A, B) and for enkephalinlike immunoreactivity (reverse-contrast photographs; A', B') demonstrating the relationship between corticostriatal projection fibers and striosomes. In monkey M2 (A, A '), sections at approximately A 16 show that projection fibers labeled by an injection of WGA-HRP in the FEF crisply avoid striosomes (see Fig. 5 for injection site). In monkey M7 (B, B ), sections at approximately A 15 (Macucu mulattu) show that the SMA fibers (WGA-HRP) crisply avoid striosomes in the putamen; where striatal labeling is heaviest in the caudate nucleus, striosomal avoids are less obvious (injection site indicated on the brain hemisphere shown here). Asterisks indicate the locations of corresponding striosomes on the pairs of sections. AC, anterior commissure; CN, caudate nucleus; GPe, globus pallidus external segment; P, putamen; T/z, thalamus. Scale bars, 3 mm.

Figure

I.

Photographs

of

serially

adjacent

sections

processed

for

corticostriatal

labeling

dark

field

photographs

A

B

and

for

enkephalinlike

immunoreactivity

reverse

contrast

photographs

A

B

demonstrating

the

relationship

between

corticostriatal

projection

fibers

and

striosomes

In

monkey

A

A

sections

at

approximately

A

show

that

projection

fibers

labeled

by

an

injection

of

WGA

HRP

in

the

FEF

crisply

avoid

striosomes

see

Fig

for

injection

site

In

monkey

B

B

sections

at

approximately

A

Macucu

mulattu

show

that

the

SMA

fibers

WGA

HRP

crisply

avoid

striosomes

in

the

putamen

where

striatal

labeling

is

heaviest

in

the

caudate

nucleus

striosomal

avoids

are

less

obvious

injection

site

indicated

on

the

brain

hemisphere

shown

here

Asterisks

indicate

the

locations

of

corresponding

striosomes

on

the

pairs

of

sections

AC

anterior

commissure

CN

caudate

nucleus

GPe

globus

pallidus

external

segment

P

putamen

T

z

thalamus

Scale

bars

mm


Figure 3 Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) images of a corneal sample obtained during tissue storage. The corneal central thickness was 670 mm before dissection (A). The posterior lenticule central corneal thickness was 240 mm immediately after dissection (B); 250 microns at 4 h (C); 230 mm at 24 h (D) and 220 mm at 48 h post-cut (E). Thickness measurement was done using the automated flap tool of the instrument.

Figure

Anterior

Segment

Optical

Coherence

Tomography

AS

OCT

images

of

a

corneal

sample

obtained

during

tissue

storage

The

corneal

central

thickness

was

mm

before

dissection

A

The

posterior

lenticule

central

corneal

thickness

was

mm

immediately

after

dissection

B

microns

at

h

C

mm

at

h

D

and

mm

at

h

post

cut

E

Thickness

measurement

was

done

using

the

automated

flap

tool

of

the

instrument


Figure 2. (A) Photograph of dissected section compared with 2D PD TSE transverse MR slice, and (B) 2D T2-weighted TSE fat saturated sagittal MR image of a L1L2 IVD. The anterior lamellae are drawn into the annular fissure (indicated by the arrow) in the sagittal plane (right anterio-lateral in the transverse plane). The fibrotic nucleus appears less intense, and fissures in the nucleus closer to the endplates appear bright. The vertebral-fluid rearrangement due to repeated freeze-thaw cycles are seen as a linear pattern of hyperintense signals within the vertebral bodies on the sagittal image. IVD indicates intervertebral disc; TSE, Turbo-Spin-Echo.

Figure

A

Photograph

of

dissected

section

compared

with

PD

TSE

transverse

MR

slice

and

B

TSE

fat

saturated

sagittal

MR

image

of

a

IVD

The

anterior

lamellae

are

drawn

into

the

annular

fissure

indicated

by

the

arrow

in

the

sagittal

plane

right

anterio

lateral

in

the

transverse

plane

The

fibrotic

nucleus

appears

less

intense

and

fissures

in

the

nucleus

closer

to

the

endplates

appear

bright

The

vertebral

fluid

rearrangement

due

to

repeated

freeze

thaw

cycles

are

seen

as

a

linear

pattern

of

hyperintense

signals

within

the

vertebral

bodies

on

the

sagittal

image

IVD

indicates

intervertebral

disc

TSE

Turbo

Spin

Echo


Fig. 3. Alterations in mucus plugging on high resolution computed tomography imaging of the chest comparing images at baseline and then one year after ivacaftor therapy.

Fig

Alterations

in

mucus

plugging

on

high

resolution

computed

tomography

imaging

of

the

chest

comparing

images

at

baseline

and

then

one

year

after

ivacaftor

therapy


Fig. 1 PET/CT images illustrating tumor volume delineation of a typical gastric cancer. a, transverse PET image; b, transverse PET/CT fusion image; c, maximum intensity projection image. Circles in a and b denote volume of interest under a threshold of SUV ≥ 2.5. In addition, multiple metastases can be visualized in the liver (arrows). PET, positron emission tomography; CT, computed tomography; SUV max , maximum standardized uptake value; SUV peak , peak standardized uptake value; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; TLG, total lesion glycolysis

Fig

PET

CT

images

illustrating

tumor

volume

delineation

of

a

typical

gastric

cancer

a

transverse

PET

image

b

transverse

PET

CT

fusion

image

c

maximum

intensity

projection

image

Circles

in

a

and

b

denote

volume

of

interest

under

a

threshold

of

SUV

In

addition

multiple

metastases

can

be

visualized

in

the

liver

arrows

PET

positron

emission

tomography

CT

computed

tomography

SUV

max

maximum

standardized

uptake

value

SUV

peak

peak

standardized

uptake

value

MTV

metabolic

tumor

volume

TLG

total

lesion

glycolysis


Fig. 1 a Color fundus photograph of the left eye on presentation. b Optical coherence tomography through the lesion showing the choroidal neovascular membrane, retinal thickening, and subretinal fluid

Fig

a

Color

fundus

photograph

of

the

left

eye

on

presentation

b

Optical

coherence

tomography

through

the

lesion

showing

the

choroidal

neovascular

membrane

retinal

thickening

and

subretinal

fluid


FIG. 1. A, Brain CT scan acquired on admission. Mild atrophy of the bilateral nucleus caudatus and corpus striatum is shown relative to normal features for patient’s age. B, T1-weighted brain MRI acquired on d 17 after admission. Axial image of brain MRI shows atrophy of the striatum and enlargement of the frontal horns.

FIG

A

Brain

CT

scan

acquired

on

admission

Mild

atrophy

of

the

bilateral

nucleus

caudatus

and

corpus

striatum

is

shown

relative

to

normal

features

for

patient

’s

age

B

brain

MRI

acquired

on

d

after

admission

Axial

image

of

brain

MRI

shows

atrophy

of

the

striatum

and

enlargement

of

the

frontal

horns


Fig 3. Sagittal images showing disk displacement without reduction to condyle. A, Closed mouth; B, open mouth. Disk (arrow) was anteriorly displaced relative to posterior slope of articular eminence (E) and head of condyle (C), but without reduction of disk on mouth opening.

Fig

Sagittal

images

showing

disk

displacement

without

reduction

to

condyle

A

Closed

mouth

B

open

mouth

Disk

arrow

was

anteriorly

displaced

relative

to

posterior

slope

of

articular

eminence

E

and

head

of

condyle

C

but

without

reduction

of

disk

on

mouth

opening


Figure 1 BMP-4-implanted bead locally induces PCD in the NT. BMP-4 or PBS (control) soaked beads (50-100 mm in size) were implanted in the NT at the level of somite four to five of eight to nine somite embryos in ovo and incubated at 381C for 6 h. Embryos that developed into 12 to 14 somites were taken for analysis. PCD was assessed qualitatively by neutral red staining in micrographs in (a) and (b) shows the difference in the pattern of neutral red staining around the implanted BMP-4 (a) and control (b) beads. (c) and (d) shows a confocal micrograph of the dorsal localization of BMP-4 bead induced PCD in an NT transverse section taken near the BMP-4 bead, which was double labeled by immunofluorescence with CM1 antibodies that detect caspase-3-like activity in the cytoplasm of the apoptotic cells (green) and by PI (red) that stains all nuclei to assess for pyknosis of apoptotic cells. (d) is two times confocal magnification of C ( Â 40 objective); arrows indicate two examples of double-labeled apoptotic cells in the dorsal NT in detail. e: ectoderm; n: notochord; nt: neural tube; s: somite. Size bar 20 mm

Figure

bead

locally

induces

PCD

in

the

NT

or

PBS

control

soaked

beads

mm

in

size

were

implanted

in

the

NT

at

the

level

of

somite

four

to

five

of

eight

to

nine

somite

embryos

in

ovo

and

incubated

at

for

h.

Embryos

that

developed

into

to

somites

were

taken

for

analysis

PCD

was

assessed

qualitatively

by

neutral

red

staining

in

micrographs

in

a

and

b

shows

the

difference

in

the

pattern

of

neutral

red

staining

around

the

implanted

a

and

control

b

beads

c

and

d

shows

a

confocal

micrograph

of

the

dorsal

localization

of

bead

induced

PCD

in

an

NT

transverse

section

taken

near

the

bead

which

was

double

labeled

by

immunofluorescence

with

antibodies

that

detect

activity

in

the

cytoplasm

of

the

apoptotic

cells

green

and

by

PI

red

that

stains

all

nuclei

to

assess

for

pyknosis

of

apoptotic

cells

d

is

two

times

confocal

magnification

of

C

Â

objective

arrows

indicate

two

examples

of

double

labeled

apoptotic

cells

in

the

dorsal

NT

in

detail

e

ectoderm

n

notochord

nt

neural

tube

s

somite

Size

bar

mm


Fig. 3 a Transaxial view from the CT pulmonary angiogram shows compression of the right pulmonary artery and b another transaxial view shows compression of the mainstem bronchi. c A sagittal view shows compression of both the right pulmonary artery and right mainstem bronchus

Fig

a

Transaxial

view

from

the

CT

pulmonary

angiogram

shows

compression

of

the

right

pulmonary

artery

and

b

another

transaxial

view

shows

compression

of

the

mainstem

bronchi

c

A

sagittal

view

shows

compression

of

both

the

right

pulmonary

artery

and

right

mainstem

bronchus


Figure 5 CT scan of the right scapula with (A) axial soft tissue, (B) axial and (C) sagittal bone windows, reveals a large destructive mass lesion involving the posterior upper body of the scapula (arrows, A,B) and acromion (white arrow, C) with an associated large extraosseous soft tissue component. (D) Axial fused PET/CT image of the right scapula reveals intense FDG uptake (SUV max 20) within the destructive scapular mass and extraosseous soft tissue component.

Figure

CT

scan

of

the

right

scapula

with

A

axial

soft

tissue

B

axial

and

C

sagittal

bone

windows

reveals

a

large

destructive

mass

lesion

involving

the

posterior

upper

body

of

the

scapula

arrows

A

B

and

acromion

white

arrow

C

with

an

associated

large

extraosseous

soft

tissue

component

D

Axial

fused

PET

CT

image

of

the

right

scapula

reveals

intense

FDG

uptake

SUV

max

within

the

destructive

scapular

mass

and

extraosseous

soft

tissue

component


Figure 1. Representative responder vs non-responder. Representative DOS parametric maps for a responder (left column) and a non-responder (right column) are presented, and corresponding clinical contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images of the breast. Baseline DOS images were acquired prior to starting NAC, using a tomographic diffuse optical spectroscopy device. Parametric maps were constructed volumetrically for analysis in order to calculate the GLCM texture features.

Figure

Representative

responder

vs

non

responder

Representative

DOS

parametric

maps

for

a

responder

left

column

and

a

non

responder

right

column

are

presented

and

corresponding

clinical

contrast

enhanced

magnetic

resonance

images

of

the

breast

Baseline

DOS

images

were

acquired

prior

to

starting

NAC

using

a

tomographic

diffuse

optical

spectroscopy

device

Parametric

maps

were

constructed

volumetrically

for

analysis

in

order

to

calculate

the

GLCM

texture

features


Figure 3 Two examples of abnormal a2 labeling patterns in dysgenic myotubes with poorly (a) and highly developed T-tubules (b) . Myotubes were double labeled for the DHP receptor a2 subunit (a and b) and Ttubules (a' and d) ; the corresponding phase contrast images are shown (a" and b') . Immunolabel for the a2 Subunit did not occur in punctate patterns as observed in normal cultures. Instead, a2 was frequently colocalized with Ttubule specific antigens in structures preferentially located in the perinuclear region (a; arrows) while normal, randomly oriented Ttubules (upper portion of the myotube) were devoid of a2 label . Little or no a2 was expressed in the myotube shown in b, however, the Ttubules achieved the highest degree of organization reached in culture, as indicated by their transverse orientation at the I-A interfaces (arrowheads) . Bars, 10 Am .

Figure

Two

examples

of

abnormal

labeling

patterns

in

dysgenic

myotubes

with

poorly

a

and

highly

developed

T

tubules

b

Myotubes

were

double

labeled

for

the

DHP

receptor

subunit

a

and

b

and

Ttubules

a

and

d

the

corresponding

phase

contrast

images

are

shown

a

and

b

Immunolabel

for

the

Subunit

did

not

occur

in

punctate

patterns

as

observed

in

normal

cultures

Instead

was

frequently

colocalized

with

Ttubule

specific

antigens

in

structures

preferentially

located

in

the

perinuclear

region

a

arrows

while

normal

randomly

oriented

Ttubules

upper

portion

of

the

myotube

were

devoid

of

label

Little

or

no

was

expressed

in

the

myotube

shown

in

b

however

the

Ttubules

achieved

the

highest

degree

of

organization

reached

in

culture

as

indicated

by

their

transverse

orientation

at

the

I

A

interfaces

arrowheads

Bars

Am


Fig. 7 Brain magnetic resonance imaging after the total removal of left-sided vestibular schwannoma. (A) T2-weighted image. (B) 3D SSFP AIC. (C) T1 þ Gd.

Fig

Brain

magnetic

resonance

imaging

after

the

total

removal

of

left

sided

vestibular

schwannoma

A

image

B

SSFP

AIC

C

þ

Gd


Figure 3. (A) Clinical image of case 4. A large mass located in the right section of the back. (B) Computed tomography image demonstrating the lesion mostly localized in the back muscle, partly penetrating into the thorax.

Figure

A

Clinical

image

of

case

A

large

mass

located

in

the

right

section

of

the

back

B

Computed

tomography

image

demonstrating

the

lesion

mostly

localized

in

the

back

muscle

partly

penetrating

into

the

thorax


Figure 2 (a) Transverse section of sperm tails of the SEIBERSDORF strain of C. capitata within a single cyst. Each sperm is identical in showing a single axoneme (ax) and two paracrystalline bodies (pcb). (b) Transverse section of sperm tails of the MP strain of C. capitata within a single cyst. Some sperms show abnormal numbers of axonemes and/or PCB (four examples are circled), and the number of sperms is depleted below the normal range of 233–256 per cyst.

Figure

a

Transverse

section

of

sperm

tails

of

the

SEIBERSDORF

strain

of

C.

capitata

within

a

single

cyst

Each

sperm

is

identical

in

showing

a

single

axoneme

ax

and

two

paracrystalline

bodies

pcb

b

Transverse

section

of

sperm

tails

of

the

MP

strain

of

C.

capitata

within

a

single

cyst

Some

sperms

show

abnormal

numbers

of

axonemes

and/or

PCB

four

examples

are

circled

and

the

number

of

sperms

is

depleted

below

the

normal

range

of

per

cyst


Figure 1. A, Squamous cell carcinoma invading the middle cranial fossa before chemoradiation. B, After chemoradiation. C, After craniofacial resection using a transcranial approach only, coronal view. No facial incisions were necessary. D, After craniofacial resection, sagittal view.

Figure

A

Squamous

cell

carcinoma

invading

the

middle

cranial

fossa

before

chemoradiation

B

After

chemoradiation

C

After

craniofacial

resection

using

a

transcranial

approach

only

coronal

view

No

facial

incisions

were

necessary

D

After

craniofacial

resection

sagittal

view


Figure 2. Spinal cord fibre Tracking (A): Whole cervical spinal cord fiber tracking reconstruction; the arrow indicates the laminectomy and implant site. (B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 15 days after stem cell graft. Directional color-coded fractional anisotropy map at the implant site level, obtained from diffusion tensor imaging acquisition, with evidence of apparent diffusion coefficient map. (C-E): Follow-up MRI with directional fractional anisotropy map and apparent diffusion coefficient map, respectively, at 12 months, 24 months, and 30 months.

Figure

Spinal

cord

fibre

Tracking

A

Whole

cervical

spinal

cord

fiber

tracking

reconstruction

the

arrow

indicates

the

laminectomy

and

implant

site

B

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

days

after

stem

cell

graft

Directional

color

coded

fractional

anisotropy

map

at

the

implant

site

level

obtained

from

diffusion

tensor

imaging

acquisition

with

evidence

of

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

map

C

E

Follow

up

MRI

with

directional

fractional

anisotropy

map

and

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

map

respectively

at

months

months

and

months


Figure 2. (A and B) Chest radiography and the CT scan showed a decrease in the size of the primary tumor. (C and D) Metastatic cutaneous lesions (arms, neck, and lip), cervical lymph nodes, and multiple nodules in the chest wall spontaneously regressed.

Figure

A

and

B

Chest

radiography

and

the

CT

scan

showed

a

decrease

in

the

size

of

the

primary

tumor

C

and

D

Metastatic

cutaneous

lesions

arms

neck

and

lip

cervical

lymph

nodes

and

multiple

nodules

in

the

chest

wall

spontaneously

regressed


Fig 1. Nonfocal symptoms in MIS patients with or without MetS on brain MRI. A 65-year-old female with headache and dizziness for 3d (NIHSS = 0 score), several typical small infarcts in the right lateral temporal and parietal area is visible on the DWI (A, arrows), and she were diagnosed with MIS with MetS. A 52-year-old male with dizziness for 2 d (NIHSS = 0) and with MetS, on the FLAIR imaging shows two recent small infarcts near the centrum ovale areas (B, arrows). A 76-year-old male with recurrent headache for 10 d (NIHSS = 0) without MetS, MRI-FLAIR shows typical recent multiple small infarcts in bilateral anterior circulation areas (C, arrows). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156243.g001

Fig

Nonfocal

symptoms

in

MIS

patients

with

or

without

MetS

on

brain

MRI

A

old

female

with

headache

and

dizziness

for

NIHSS

score

several

typical

small

infarcts

in

the

right

lateral

temporal

and

parietal

area

is

visible

on

the

DWI

A

arrows

and

she

were

diagnosed

with

MIS

with

MetS.

A

old

male

with

dizziness

for

d

NIHSS

and

with

MetS

on

the

FLAIR

imaging

shows

two

recent

small

infarcts

near

the

centrum

ovale

areas

B

arrows

A

old

male

with

recurrent

headache

for

d

NIHSS

without

MetS

MRI

FLAIR

shows

typical

recent

multiple

small

infarcts

in

bilateral

anterior

circulation

areas

C

arrows


Figure 2. Coronal views demonstrating increased dose to the brachial plexus (contoured in purple) from the intensitymodulated radiotherapy plan (a) compared with the conventional radiotherapy plan (b) for the patient from Figure 1. Isodose lines are 72 Gy (grey), 70 Gy (red), 66 Gy (khaki), 60 Gy (green), 56 Gy (light blue), and 30 Gy (purple).

Figure

Coronal

views

demonstrating

increased

dose

to

the

brachial

plexus

contoured

in

purple

from

the

intensitymodulated

radiotherapy

plan

a

compared

with

the

conventional

radiotherapy

plan

b

for

the

patient

from

Figure

Isodose

lines

are

Gy

grey

Gy

red

Gy

khaki

Gy

green

Gy

light

blue

and

Gy

purple


Fig. 1. Sagittal (A) and axial (B) T2-weighted MRI of lumbar spine demonstrate mild spinal stenosis due to hypertrophied ligamentum flavum. Moreover it also revealed huge sized abdominal aortic aneurysm (arrow).

Fig

Sagittal

A

and

axial

B

MRI

of

lumbar

spine

demonstrate

mild

spinal

stenosis

due

to

hypertrophied

ligamentum

flavum

Moreover

it

also

revealed

huge

sized

abdominal

aortic

aneurysm

arrow


Fig 4. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the right pelvis in a 58-year-old man (Case 15). (A). Anteroposterior radiograph demonstrated osteolytic bone destruction and a soft tissue mass without chondral or osteoid matrix mineralization. (B). CT showed punctate chondral matrix mineralization in the intraosseous medullary cavity, which might be high-grade chondrosarcoma. (C). Fat-suppressed coronal T2-weighted image showed a clear demarcation between predominant reduced signal intensity (dedifferentiated component) and chondral signal intensity. (D). Pathological section (HE X40) showed feature of the low grade chondrosarcoma and high grade malignant fibrous histiocytoma. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173665.g004

Fig

Dedifferentiated

chondrosarcoma

of

the

right

pelvis

in

a

old

man

Case

A

Anteroposterior

radiograph

demonstrated

osteolytic

bone

destruction

and

a

soft

tissue

mass

without

chondral

or

osteoid

matrix

mineralization

B

CT

showed

punctate

chondral

matrix

mineralization

in

the

intraosseous

medullary

cavity

which

might

be

high

grade

chondrosarcoma

C

Fat

suppressed

coronal

image

showed

a

clear

demarcation

between

predominant

reduced

signal

intensity

dedifferentiated

component

and

chondral

signal

intensity

D

Pathological

section

HE

showed

feature

of

the

low

grade

chondrosarcoma

and

high

grade

malignant

fibrous

histiocytoma


Figure 1 MRI (A Axial plane R–L, B sagittal plane; T2 weighted image, TR 2500,TE100). Abnormally high signal intensities present in the right side dominant, bilateral pontine tegmentum, and extend slightly to the midbrain and medulla.

Figure

MRI

A

Axial

plane

R

L

B

sagittal

plane

weighted

image

TR

Abnormally

high

signal

intensities

present

in

the

right

side

dominant

bilateral

pontine

tegmentum

and

extend

slightly

to

the

midbrain

and

medulla


Fig. 8 Axial T2 FSE (a) and T1 post-contrast (b) CT images demonstrate a large, well-defined expansile mass centered within the right carotid space (white arrowhead). The lesion is heterogeneously hyperintense on T2 and avidly enhances post-contrast. The flow voids of the right internal and external carotid arteries are displaced together anteromedially (white arrows). Axial 2D time-of-flight MR angiography (c) demonstrates the mass (white arrowheads), as well as clearly delineating its resultant mass effect exerted upon the right ICA and ECA, which are pushed together anteriorly within the neck (white arrows). This is in contrast to the contralateral carotid vessels on the left which are in normal position

Fig

Axial

FSE

a

and

post

contrast

b

CT

images

demonstrate

a

large

well

defined

expansile

mass

centered

within

the

right

carotid

space

white

arrowhead

The

lesion

is

heterogeneously

hyperintense

on

and

avidly

enhances

post

contrast

The

flow

voids

of

the

right

internal

and

external

carotid

arteries

are

displaced

together

anteromedially

white

arrows

Axial

time

of

flight

MR

angiography

c

demonstrates

the

mass

white

arrowheads

as

well

as

clearly

delineating

its

resultant

mass

effect

exerted

upon

the

right

ICA

and

ECA

which

are

pushed

together

anteriorly

within

the

neck

white

arrows

This

is

in

contrast

to

the

contralateral

carotid

vessels

on

the

left

which

are

in

normal

position


Figure 1. The endoscopic appearance of a small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The endoscopic appearance determined with double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) (A) and capsule endoscopy (CE) (B) showed a round, smooth surface tumor with ulceration on the top. The endoscopic appearance determined with DBE (C) and CE (D) revealed a round, smooth tumor with umbilication.

Figure

The

endoscopic

appearance

of

a

small

bowel

gastrointestinal

stromal

tumor

GIST

The

endoscopic

appearance

determined

with

double

balloon

endoscopy

DBE

A

and

capsule

endoscopy

CE

B

showed

a

round

smooth

surface

tumor

with

ulceration

on

the

top

The

endoscopic

appearance

determined

with

DBE

C

and

CE

D

revealed

a

round

smooth

tumor

with

umbilication


Fig. 7. Twelve-month follow-up CT scan of patient 6, a 3-level PD-L case operated on by the PHO technique, showing late formation of a vertical sclerotic band in the nonfractured L5 vertebral body on axial CT reconstruction (A). One should note the similarities between the sclerosis at this level and what is seen in the fractured L4 vertebral body at the level above. Twelve-month follow-up CT scan of patient 1 (B). One should note that the sclerotic development is seen only between 2 adjacent keels. Off-midline sagittal CT cut depicting absence of sclerotic band (C).

Fig

Twelve

month

follow

up

CT

scan

of

patient

a

PD

L

case

operated

on

by

the

PHO

technique

showing

late

formation

of

a

vertical

sclerotic

band

in

the

nonfractured

vertebral

body

on

axial

CT

reconstruction

A

One

should

note

the

similarities

between

the

sclerosis

at

this

level

and

what

is

seen

in

the

fractured

vertebral

body

at

the

level

above

Twelve

month

follow

up

CT

scan

of

patient

B

One

should

note

that

the

sclerotic

development

is

seen

only

between

adjacent

keels

Off

midline

sagittal

CT

cut

depicting

absence

of

sclerotic

band

C


Figure 2 Patient 2. (a and b) Clubbing of all the digits and toes at the age of 9 years and 9 months. (c) Hand radiograph at the age of 5 years and 10 months showing diaphyseal constriction and broad ends of the terminal phalanges.

Figure

Patient

a

and

b

Clubbing

of

all

the

digits

and

toes

at

the

age

of

years

and

months

c

Hand

radiograph

at

the

age

of

years

and

months

showing

diaphyseal

constriction

and

broad

ends

of

the

terminal

phalanges


Figure 4. (A) PA X-ray image of the thoracic spine obtained postoperatively. (B) Lateral X-ray image of the thoracic spine obtained postoperatively. PA = posteroanterior.

Figure

A

PA

X

ray

image

of

the

thoracic

spine

obtained

postoperatively

B

Lateral

X

ray

image

of

the

thoracic

spine

obtained

postoperatively

PA

posteroanterior


Fig. 1 Two distinct responder lines reveal Nop-tTA expression beyond the entorhinal cortex. a Using a nuclear localized lacZ reporter, we detected substantial expression outside the areas where the Nop-tTA driver was known to be active. b Using an H2B-GFP reporter, expression was detected in many of the same areas as in the

Fig

Two

distinct

responder

lines

reveal

Nop

tTA

expression

beyond

the

entorhinal

cortex

a

Using

a

nuclear

localized

lacZ

reporter

we

detected

substantial

expression

outside

the

areas

where

the

Nop

tTA

driver

was

known

to

be

active

b

Using

an

GFP

reporter

expression

was

detected

in

many

of

the

same

areas

as

in

the


FIGURE 8: a,b: A 1-day-old male with hypoplastic left heart, TAPVR, and cor triatriatum, with an axial 4D flow magnitude image demonstrating right ventricular trabeculae (white arrowheads), tricuspid valve leaflets (black arrowheads), membrane of the cor triatriatum (black arrows), and pulmonary veins (white arrows).

FIGURE

a

b

A

old

male

with

hypoplastic

left

heart

TAPVR

and

cor

triatriatum

with

an

axial

flow

magnitude

image

demonstrating

right

ventricular

trabeculae

white

arrowheads

tricuspid

valve

leaflets

black

arrowheads

membrane

of

the

cor

triatriatum

black

arrows

and

pulmonary

veins

white

arrows


Fig. 2 a Preoperative AP radiograph showing an intercrest line passing through the L5 vertebra (L5-Non-Seated Group); b and c Postoperative axial CT images showing no pedicle breach (Grade 0 screw) both at the L5 and S1 level

Fig

a

Preoperative

AP

radiograph

showing

an

intercrest

line

passing

through

the

vertebra

Seated

Group

b

and

c

Postoperative

axial

CT

images

showing

no

pedicle

breach

Grade

screw

both

at

the

and

level


Fig. 2. MR imaging findings one month after thiamine treatment. Axial T2-weighted (a, e), FLAIR (b, f), and DWI (c, g) images show normal signal intensity in the medial thalami (a–c), as well as in the tectum of the midbrain and the periaquaeductal area (e–g). Contrasting images (d, h) show no enhancement in these areas.

Fig

MR

imaging

findings

one

month

after

thiamine

treatment

Axial

a

e

FLAIR

b

f

and

DWI

c

g

images

show

normal

signal

intensity

in

the

medial

thalami

a

c

as

well

as

in

the

tectum

of

the

midbrain

and

the

periaquaeductal

area

e

g

Contrasting

images

d

h

show

no

enhancement

in

these

areas


Figure 1. RNV is generated in OIR mice. (A) Fundus photography facilitated visualization of the inner surfaces of the eyes of the WT and OIR mice. The representative images indicate the large number of pale neovascular vessels that had grown into the vitreous cavity in the OIR mice, compared with the WT mice. (B) Representative H&E staining of retinal sections. A large number of the neovascular nuclei were present beyond the internal limiting membrane in the OIR mice, while there were only a few neovascular nuclei in the WT mice. (C) The number of outgrowth endothelial cells in the retinas was calculated using Image-Pro Plus software. The number of neovascular nuclei in the OIR mice was significantly greater compared with that of the control mice. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean (n=6 mice per group). *** P<0.001 vs. WT mice. GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; OIR, oxygen-induced retinopathy; WT, wild-type.

Figure

RNV

is

generated

in

OIR

mice

A

Fundus

photography

facilitated

visualization

of

the

inner

surfaces

of

the

eyes

of

the

WT

and

OIR

mice

The

representative

images

indicate

the

large

number

of

pale

neovascular

vessels

that

had

grown

into

the

vitreous

cavity

in

the

OIR

mice

compared

with

the

WT

mice

B

Representative

H&E

staining

of

retinal

sections

A

large

number

of

the

neovascular

nuclei

were

present

beyond

the

internal

limiting

membrane

in

the

OIR

mice

while

there

were

only

a

few

neovascular

nuclei

in

the

WT

mice

C

The

number

of

outgrowth

endothelial

cells

in

the

retinas

was

calculated

using

Image

Pro

Plus

software

The

number

of

neovascular

nuclei

in

the

OIR

mice

was

significantly

greater

compared

with

that

of

the

control

mice

Data

are

presented

as

the

mean

standard

deviation

of

the

mean

mice

per

group

vs.

WT

mice

GCL

ganglion

cell

layer

IPL

inner

plexiform

layer

INL

inner

nuclear

layer

OPL

outer

plexiform

layer

ONL

outer

nuclear

layer

RPE

retinal

pigment

epithelium

H&E

hematoxylin

and

eosin

OIR

oxygen

induced

retinopathy

WT

wild

type


Figure 2. Examination of cardiac cytoarchitecture demonstrates that the migrating myocardium is a polarized epithelium. (A,B) Confocal images of transverse sections, dorsal to the top, of Tg (cmlc2:egfp) [43] embryos at the 20-somite stage, as in [29]. Expression of Tg(cmlc2:egfp) (pseudocolored blue) indicates bilateral populations of cardiomyocytes in the process of cardiac fusion. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin (red), PRKCi (green, A), and Fibronectin (green, B) indicates protein localization. (A) At this stage, cardiomyocytes exhibit clear apicobasal polarity, with β-catenin localized basolaterally and PRKCi localized apicolaterally. (B) Fibronectin deposition is evident adjacent to the basal surface of the myocardial epithelia. Images provided by L. Trinh and D. Stainier.

Figure

Examination

of

cardiac

cytoarchitecture

demonstrates

that

the

migrating

myocardium

is

a

polarized

epithelium

A

B

Confocal

images

of

transverse

sections

dorsal

to

the

top

of

Tg

egfp

embryos

at

the

stage

as

in

Expression

of

egfp

pseudocolored

blue

indicates

bilateral

populations

of

cardiomyocytes

in

the

process

of

cardiac

fusion

Immunohistochemistry

for

β

catenin

red

PRKCi

green

A

and

Fibronectin

green

B

indicates

protein

localization

A

At

this

stage

cardiomyocytes

exhibit

clear

apicobasal

polarity

with

β

catenin

localized

basolaterally

and

PRKCi

localized

apicolaterally

B

Fibronectin

deposition

is

evident

adjacent

to

the

basal

surface

of

the

myocardial

epithelia

Images

provided

by

L.

Trinh

and

D.

Stainier


Fig. 1 An 82-year-old woman with primary pancreatic lymphoma, biopsy-proven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. a Precontrast CT shows ill-defined pancreas head mass (white arrow). b Pancreatic phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT shows round-shaped and slightly low density mass (white arrow). c Fat-suppressed T2-weighted MR image shows a circumscribed homogeneously hyperintense mass in the pancreatic head (white arrow). d Fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR image

Fig

An

old

woman

with

primary

pancreatic

lymphoma

biopsy

proven

diffuse

large

B

cell

lymphoma

a

Precontrast

CT

shows

ill

defined

pancreas

head

mass

white

arrow

b

Pancreatic

phase

dynamic

contrast

enhanced

CT

shows

round

shaped

and

slightly

low

density

mass

white

arrow

c

Fat

suppressed

MR

image

shows

a

circumscribed

homogeneously

hyperintense

mass

in

the

pancreatic

head

white

arrow

d

Fat

suppressed

MR

image


Fig. 2. Cage settling case. (A) immediate postoperative lateral plain radiograph showing an intact endplate after standalone cage surgery. (B) 1 month postoperative lateral plain radiograph showing cage settling (white arrow) after standalone cage surgery.

Fig

Cage

settling

case

A

immediate

postoperative

lateral

plain

radiograph

showing

an

intact

endplate

after

standalone

cage

surgery

B

month

postoperative

lateral

plain

radiograph

showing

cage

settling

white

arrow

after

standalone

cage

surgery


Figure 4. Transverse sections of susceptible clone NC11505 at 3 time points (3 weeks, 5 weeks, and 7 weeks) post-inoculation (PI) depicting anatomical responses to inoculation with a conidial suspension of Sphaerulina musiva. (A) Bright field micrograph of necrotic stem lesion 3 weeks PI. Necrotic area (Nec) bounded by layer of impervious tissue (IT indicated with arrow). (B) Fluorescent micrograph of necrotic lesion 3 weeks PI. IT layer visible as light purple fluorescence (indicated with arrows). (C) Bright field micrograph of necrotic lesion 5 weeks PI. Nec is bounded by a layer of necrophylactic periderm (NP; indicated with arrow). (D) Fluorescent micrograph of necrotic lesion 5 weeks PI. Nec is bounded by IT layer and NP layer (indicated with arrows). (E) Bright field micrograph of necrotic stem 7 weeks PI. Entire cortex (COX) is necrotic and filled with collapsed cells. (F) Fluorescent micrograph of necrotic lesion 7 weeks PI. NP and IT are absent from the Nec. Blue auto-fluorescence viewed under ultraviolet light. Filter parameters: Excitation filter G 365, Beam Splitter FT 395, Emission filter BP 445/50. Green auto-fluorescence viewed under ultraviolet light. Filter parameters: Excitation filter BP 450–490, Beam Splitter FT 510, Emission filter BP 515–565. P = periderm. Pf = primary phloem fiber. X = Xylem. VC = Vascular cambium. Scale bars = 200 mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103477.g004

Figure

Transverse

sections

of

susceptible

clone

at

time

points

weeks

weeks

and

weeks

post

inoculation

PI

depicting

anatomical

responses

to

inoculation

with

a

conidial

suspension

of

Sphaerulina

musiva

A

Bright

field

micrograph

of

necrotic

stem

lesion

weeks

PI

Necrotic

area

Nec

bounded

by

layer

of

impervious

tissue

IT

indicated

with

arrow

B

Fluorescent

micrograph

of

necrotic

lesion

weeks

PI

IT

layer

visible

as

light

purple

fluorescence

indicated

with

arrows

C

Bright

field

micrograph

of

necrotic

lesion

weeks

PI

Nec

is

bounded

by

a

layer

of

necrophylactic

periderm

NP

indicated

with

arrow

D

Fluorescent

micrograph

of

necrotic

lesion

weeks

PI

Nec

is

bounded

by

IT

layer

and

NP

layer

indicated

with

arrows

E

Bright

field

micrograph

of

necrotic

stem

weeks

PI

Entire

cortex

COX

is

necrotic

and

filled

with

collapsed

cells

F

Fluorescent

micrograph

of

necrotic

lesion

weeks

PI

NP

and

IT

are

absent

from

the

Nec

Blue

auto

fluorescence

viewed

under

ultraviolet

light

Filter

parameters

Excitation

filter

G

Beam

Splitter

FT

Emission

filter

BP

Green

auto

fluorescence

viewed

under

ultraviolet

light

Filter

parameters

Excitation

filter

BP

Beam

Splitter

FT

Emission

filter

BP

P

periderm

Pf

primary

phloem

fiber

X

Xylem

VC

Vascular

cambium

Scale

bars

mm


Figure 1. Retinal histologic findings with toluidine blue light microscopy 7 days after intravitreal injection of 0.05 mL of BBG-D2O in the right eye and 0.05 mL of BSS in the left eye. Eye E1 OD (Left image): Retinal microstructure: normal; vitreous cells or alterations: normal; NFL: focal vacuolization; ganglion cells and IPL: normal; bipolar cells/INL: focal vacuolization and edema; outer plexiform layer, Photoreceptors/ONL, PIS: normal; POS: artifact; RPE, choriocapillaris/choroid: normal Eye E2 OD (Middle Image): retinal microstructure: hyalocytes in the internal surface of the retina; NFL: focal vacuolization, artifact; ganglion cells, IPL: focal vacuolization; bipolar cells/INL: normal; outer plexiform layer: thinning, between this and ONL an area of swelling; Photoreceptors/ONL, PIS, POS, RPE, choriocapillaris/choroid: normal Eye E3 OS (Right image): Retinal microstructure: normal; vitreous cells or alterations: normal; NFL and ganglion cells: focal vacuolization; IPL, bipolar cells/INL, outer plexiform layer, photoreceptors/ONL, PIS, POS: normal, just slight distortion due to artifact, but the layer and cells are fine; RPE and choriocapillaris/choroid: normal BBG, brilliant blue G; D2O, Deuterium; BSS, balanced salt solution; OD, right eye; OS, left eye; NFL, nerve fiber layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; PIS, photoreceptor inner segment; POS, photoreceptor outer segment; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium

Figure

Retinal

histologic

findings

with

toluidine

blue

light

microscopy

days

after

intravitreal

injection

of

mL

of

BBG

in

the

right

eye

and

mL

of

BSS

in

the

left

eye

Eye

OD

Left

image

Retinal

microstructure

normal

vitreous

cells

or

alterations

normal

NFL

focal

vacuolization

ganglion

cells

and

IPL

normal

bipolar

cells

INL

focal

vacuolization

and

edema

outer

plexiform

layer

Photoreceptors

ONL

PIS

normal

POS

artifact

RPE

choriocapillaris

choroid

normal

Eye

OD

Middle

Image

retinal

microstructure

hyalocytes

in

the

internal

surface

of

the

retina

NFL

focal

vacuolization

artifact

ganglion

cells

IPL

focal

vacuolization

bipolar

cells

INL

normal

outer

plexiform

layer

thinning

between

this

and

ONL

an

area

of

swelling

Photoreceptors

ONL

PIS

POS

RPE

choriocapillaris

choroid

normal

Eye

OS

Right

image

Retinal

microstructure

normal

vitreous

cells

or

alterations

normal

NFL

and

ganglion

cells

focal

vacuolization

IPL

bipolar

cells

INL

outer

plexiform

layer

photoreceptors

ONL

PIS

POS

normal

just

slight

distortion

due

to

artifact

but

the

layer

and

cells

are

fine

RPE

and

choriocapillaris

choroid

normal

BBG

brilliant

blue

G

Deuterium

BSS

balanced

salt

solution

OD

right

eye

OS

left

eye

NFL

nerve

fiber

layer

IPL

inner

plexiform

layer

INL

inner

nuclear

layer

ONL

outer

nuclear

layer

PIS

photoreceptor

inner

segment

POS

photoreceptor

outer

segment

RPE

retinal

pigment

epithelium


Figure 1: Positron emission tomography scan (left) showing a positive supraclavicular lymph node. Computed tomography scan (right) of the same area illustrates the superior ability of positron emission tomography to identify metastatic disease.

Figure

Positron

emission

tomography

scan

left

showing

a

positive

supraclavicular

lymph

node

Computed

tomography

scan

right

of

the

same

area

illustrates

the

superior

ability

of

positron

emission

tomography

to

identify

metastatic

disease


Figure 2. MRI of the abdominal aorta in control and atherosclerotic rabbits using a 0.2-T MRI system. Control rabbit coronal view (A) and enlarged image axial view (A.1) with position indicated by indicated by line A.1, showing normal vessel wall without plaque indicated by the white arrow. Atherosclerotic rabbit coronal view (B), sagittal views (C), and enlarged image axial views (C.1, C.2, C.3 corresponding respectively to positions indicated by lines C.1, C.2, C.3), showing thickened vessel wall and crescent-shaped plaque (white arrows).

Figure

MRI

of

the

abdominal

aorta

in

control

and

atherosclerotic

rabbits

using

a

MRI

system

Control

rabbit

coronal

view

A

and

enlarged

image

axial

view

with

position

indicated

by

indicated

by

line

showing

normal

vessel

wall

without

plaque

indicated

by

the

white

arrow

Atherosclerotic

rabbit

coronal

view

B

sagittal

views

C

and

enlarged

image

axial

views

corresponding

respectively

to

positions

indicated

by

lines

showing

thickened

vessel

wall

and

crescent

shaped

plaque

white

arrows


Figure 5. Lymphatic endothelial cell damage following afferent DEFINITYH injection. 4-month-old TNF-Tg and WT mice received a footpad injection of DEFINITYH or saline, and were subjected to US imaging as described in Materials & Methods. 4 weeks later, the injected footpad received an injection of Evan's blue dye to identify the lymphatic vessels afferent to the PLN, which were harvested and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Representative images are shown to illustrated the endothelial cells (EC); smooth muscle cells (SMC); and lumen (L) of the lymphatic vessel. Note the damaged lymphatic vessel in the DEFINITY H injected mice (A,B), as evidenced by the cell detachment (arrows in A), and obviously large vacuoles and intraluminal protrusions (arrow heads in B), as well as the atrophic appearance of the smooth muscle cell (B). In contrast, the lymph vessels exposed to saline showed attached endothelial cells and minor vacuoles (arrow head in C), but also have obvious intraluminal protrusions (arrow head in C). WT lymphatic vessel displayed and intact endothelial cell layer without vacuoles and no intraluminal protrusion (D). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073766.g005

Figure

Lymphatic

endothelial

cell

damage

following

afferent

DEFINITYH

injection

old

TNF

Tg

and

WT

mice

received

a

footpad

injection

of

DEFINITYH

or

saline

and

were

subjected

to

US

imaging

as

described

in

Materials

Methods

weeks

later

the

injected

footpad

received

an

injection

of

Evan

's

blue

dye

to

identify

the

lymphatic

vessels

afferent

to

the

PLN

which

were

harvested

and

processed

for

transmission

electron

microscopy

Representative

images

are

shown

to

illustrated

the

endothelial

cells

EC

smooth

muscle

cells

SMC

and

lumen

L

of

the

lymphatic

vessel

Note

the

damaged

lymphatic

vessel

in

the

DEFINITY

H

injected

mice

A

B

as

evidenced

by

the

cell

detachment

arrows

in

A

and

obviously

large

vacuoles

and

intraluminal

protrusions

arrow

heads

in

B

as

well

as

the

atrophic

appearance

of

the

smooth

muscle

cell

B

In

contrast

the

lymph

vessels

exposed

to

saline

showed

attached

endothelial

cells

and

minor

vacuoles

arrow

head

in

C

but

also

have

obvious

intraluminal

protrusions

arrow

head

in

C

WT

lymphatic

vessel

displayed

and

intact

endothelial

cell

layer

without

vacuoles

and

no

intraluminal

protrusion

D


Fig. 1. T2-weighted and gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted cervical MRI in the patient. (A) Initial cervical spine MRI (magnetic resonance image) revealed increased T2 signal from C4 to C6 level, edematous expansion of the cord and intense nodular enhancement. Based on the MRI, spinal cord tumor, demyelinating disease and acute tranverse myelitis were suspected. (B) One month later, the follow-up spinal MRI showed the extended lesion relative to previous MRI, and which highly suggested the spinal cord tumor such as intramedullay astrocytoma. (C) Demonstrates cervical spine MRI after laminectomy and tissue biopsy. (D) The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroid and immunosuppressant for over 2 yr and spinal cord lesion was much resolved in MRI.

Fig

and

gadolinium

enhanced

cervical

MRI

in

the

patient

A

Initial

cervical

spine

MRI

magnetic

resonance

image

revealed

increased

signal

from

to

level

edematous

expansion

of

the

cord

and

intense

nodular

enhancement

Based

on

the

MRI

spinal

cord

tumor

demyelinating

disease

and

acute

tranverse

myelitis

were

suspected

B

One

month

later

the

follow

up

spinal

MRI

showed

the

extended

lesion

relative

to

previous

MRI

and

which

highly

suggested

the

spinal

cord

tumor

such

as

intramedullay

astrocytoma

C

Demonstrates

cervical

spine

MRI

after

laminectomy

and

tissue

biopsy

D

The

patient

was

treated

with

high

dose

corticosteroid

and

immunosuppressant

for

over

yr

and

spinal

cord

lesion

was

much

resolved

in

MRI


Figure 4. Images stained using silver stain for reticulin fibers and counterstained using nuclear fast red solution. (A and C) Reconstructed stitched pituitary photomicrographs from two control pituitaries. Original magnification, 3100. (B and D) Enlarged photomicrographs from sections of (A) and (C), respectively. Original magnification, 3400. The acinar pattern of reticulin staining is identified in (B) and (D). This pattern of reticulin staining was demonstrated in all reticulin staining control pituitaries.

Figure

Images

stained

using

silver

stain

for

reticulin

fibers

and

counterstained

using

nuclear

fast

red

solution

A

and

C

Reconstructed

stitched

pituitary

photomicrographs

from

two

control

pituitaries

Original

magnification

B

and

D

Enlarged

photomicrographs

from

sections

of

A

and

C

respectively

Original

magnification

The

acinar

pattern

of

reticulin

staining

is

identified

in

B

and

D

This

pattern

of

reticulin

staining

was

demonstrated

in

all

reticulin

staining

control

pituitaries


Fig 4. Fluorescent micrographs illustrating CSE-immunoreactivity (ir) in mouse colon (A-C), liver (D), and brain (E-I). In the colon, specific staining was present in myenteric neurons (arrows) revealed by both the rabbit anti-CSE (A) and mouse anti-CSE antisera (B and C). B) Cross section of the mouse colon revealed CSE-ir in the mucosa and myenteric neurons. C) An en face preparation of the colonic muscle layers demonstrate CSE-ir neuronal cell bodies. D) CSE-ir in the liver was localized to hepatocytes and within the Space of Disse. E) Coronal section of the striatum revealed CSE-ir in neuronal cell bodies and within the fibers of passage in the internal capsule. Some neurons expressed CSE-ir in proximal processes. F) Coronal section of the hippocampus revealed CSE-ir in neuronal cell bodies. G) Neuronal cell bodies in the mouse neocortex revealed CSE-ir. H) A section adjacent to that in G was stained with an antibody solution that was incubated for 2 h with recombinant CSE (Abnova). This preabsorption reduced or blocked specific immunoreactivity demonstrating the specificity of the antibody in this study. Matched micrographs (G and H) were taken with identical camera settings. I) Montage of a parasaggital section of the mouse brain with CSE-ir in major fiber tracts. Neuronal cell bodies in neocortex and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum can be observed in this section. Scale bars: A, E, G, and H = 50 μm; B, C and D = 100 μm; F = 250 μm; I = 2 mm.

Fig

Fluorescent

micrographs

illustrating

CSE

immunoreactivity

ir

in

mouse

colon

A

C

liver

D

and

brain

E

I

In

the

colon

specific

staining

was

present

in

myenteric

neurons

arrows

revealed

by

both

the

rabbit

anti

CSE

A

and

mouse

anti

CSE

antisera

B

and

C

B

Cross

section

of

the

mouse

colon

revealed

CSE

ir

in

the

mucosa

and

myenteric

neurons

C

An

en

face

preparation

of

the

colonic

muscle

layers

demonstrate

CSE

ir

neuronal

cell

bodies

D

CSE

ir

in

the

liver

was

localized

to

hepatocytes

and

within

the

Space

of

Disse

E

Coronal

section

of

the

striatum

revealed

CSE

ir

in

neuronal

cell

bodies

and

within

the

fibers

of

passage

in

the

internal

capsule

Some

neurons

expressed

CSE

ir

in

proximal

processes

F

Coronal

section

of

the

hippocampus

revealed

CSE

ir

in

neuronal

cell

bodies

G

Neuronal

cell

bodies

in

the

mouse

neocortex

revealed

CSE

ir

H

A

section

adjacent

to

that

in

G

was

stained

with

an

antibody

solution

that

was

incubated

for

h

with

recombinant

CSE

Abnova

This

preabsorption

reduced

or

blocked

specific

immunoreactivity

demonstrating

the

specificity

of

the

antibody

in

this

study

Matched

micrographs

G

and

H

were

taken

with

identical

camera

settings

I

Montage

of

a

parasaggital

section

of

the

mouse

brain

with

CSE

ir

in

major

fiber

tracts

Neuronal

cell

bodies

in

neocortex

and

Purkinje

cells

in

the

cerebellum

can

be

observed

in

this

section

Scale

bars

A

E

G

and

H

μm

B

C

and

D

μm

F

μm

I

mm


Figure 1. Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the skin lesion. (A) Palpable purpura progressed rapidly into extensive ecchymoses on the back (left), trunk (right upper), and right foot and ankle (right lower). (B) A fascia biopsy of the right crus showing fresh fibrin thrombi (arrows), including neutrophils within a small dilated vessel [Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining; original magnification 20×]. (C) A skin biopsy showing infiltration of neutrophils with karyorrhectic nuclear debris, and extravasation of erythrocytes around small vessels in the dermis, leading to a diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (H&E staining; original magnification 20×). (D) A skin biopsy showing immunoglobulin M and C3 deposition within the walls of a small vessel in the dermis (immunofluorescence stain; original magnification 20×).

Figure

Macroscopic

and

microscopic

findings

of

the

skin

lesion

A

Palpable

purpura

progressed

rapidly

into

extensive

ecchymoses

on

the

back

left

trunk

right

upper

and

right

foot

and

ankle

right

lower

B

A

fascia

biopsy

of

the

right

crus

showing

fresh

fibrin

thrombi

arrows

including

neutrophils

within

a

small

dilated

vessel

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

H&E

staining

original

magnification

C

A

skin

biopsy

showing

infiltration

of

neutrophils

with

karyorrhectic

nuclear

debris

and

extravasation

of

erythrocytes

around

small

vessels

in

the

dermis

leading

to

a

diagnosis

of

leukocytoclastic

vasculitis

H&E

staining

original

magnification

D

A

skin

biopsy

showing

immunoglobulin

M

and

deposition

within

the

walls

of

a

small

vessel

in

the

dermis

immunofluorescence

stain

original

magnification


FIGURE 6. Images with ultrasound biomicroscopy for patient A whose presurgical refractive error was j18.50 D. (A) Anterior chamber depth was 2.81 mm and ICL vault was 0.10 mm. (B) A representative quadrant.

FIGURE

Images

with

ultrasound

biomicroscopy

for

patient

A

whose

presurgical

refractive

error

was

D.

A

Anterior

chamber

depth

was

mm

and

ICL

vault

was

mm

B

A

representative

quadrant


Figure 1 (a) An initially normal posteroanterior chest radiograph. (b) An anteroposterior pelvis radiograph showing normal hip and sacroiliac joints on admission, with a tiny bone island on the right ischial area (arrow).

Figure

a

An

initially

normal

posteroanterior

chest

radiograph

b

An

anteroposterior

pelvis

radiograph

showing

normal

hip

and

sacroiliac

joints

on

admission

with

a

tiny

bone

island

on

the

right

ischial

area

arrow


Fig. 2. Probabilistic tractography between the SC and the amygdala via the pulvinar in one representative participant from the first group. A: three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the tract (shown in red) linking the SC (shown in yellow) and the amygdala (shown in green) via the pulvinar (shown in blue). Tracts have been thresholded by 10% (see METHODS for details). The individual structures and tracts in the 3D reconstructions have been dilated by 2–4 mm for visualization purposes only. Coronal (B) and sagittal (C) sections show the location of the tract relative to the amygdala (green), pulvinar (blue), and SC (yellow). The probabilistic data are presented unthresholded (and actual size) as a percentage of the total number of traces linking the SC and amygdala (that pass through the pulvinar).

Fig

Probabilistic

tractography

between

the

SC

and

the

amygdala

via

the

pulvinar

in

one

representative

participant

from

the

first

group

A

three

dimensional

reconstructions

of

the

tract

shown

in

red

linking

the

SC

shown

in

yellow

and

the

amygdala

shown

in

green

via

the

pulvinar

shown

in

blue

Tracts

have

been

thresholded

by

see

METHODS

for

details

The

individual

structures

and

tracts

in

the

reconstructions

have

been

dilated

by

mm

for

visualization

purposes

only

Coronal

B

and

sagittal

C

sections

show

the

location

of

the

tract

relative

to

the

amygdala

green

pulvinar

blue

and

SC

yellow

The

probabilistic

data

are

presented

unthresholded

and

actual

size

as

a

percentage

of

the

total

number

of

traces

linking

the

SC

and

amygdala

that

pass

through

the

pulvinar


Figure 1 High definition white light endoscopy view. A: A depressed lesion with mucosal discoloration due to early gastric cancer; B: High definition white light endoscopy view of early gastric cancer.

Figure

High

definition

white

light

endoscopy

view

A

A

depressed

lesion

with

mucosal

discoloration

due

to

early

gastric

cancer

B

High

definition

white

light

endoscopy

view

of

early

gastric

cancer


Fig. 3 Preoperative and postoperative images of one patient (Case No. 9). a: Sagittal preoperative CT showing the upper tracheal stenosis. b: Postoperative sagittal CT showing the normal trachea. c: The appearance of the suture on the neck

Fig

Preoperative

and

postoperative

images

of

one

patient

Case

No

a

Sagittal

preoperative

CT

showing

the

upper

tracheal

stenosis

b

Postoperative

sagittal

CT

showing

the

normal

trachea

c

The

appearance

of

the

suture

on

the

neck


Fig. 1. Coronal reformatted MDCT images of the patient. Morphology of the appendix (white arrow, right image), pericholecystic fluid (black arrow, left image) and periappendiceal inflammation are clearly seen in the reformatted images.

Fig

Coronal

reformatted

MDCT

images

of

the

patient

Morphology

of

the

appendix

white

arrow

right

image

pericholecystic

fluid

black

arrow

left

image

and

periappendiceal

inflammation

are

clearly

seen

in

the

reformatted

images


Fig. 3 AA-PET and MRI findings in a case of differential diagnosis between TML and breast cancer brain metastasis. 71 years old female patient previously treated for breast cancer who underwent ceMRI that showed the presence of a left frontal lesion hyperintense at T2 sequences (Panel a) and hypointense at T1 sequences (Panel b). AA-PET/CT with 18 F-Dopa showed a low tracer uptake supporting the hypothesis of TML. ceMRI performed three months after therapy administration showed the reduction in both lesion dimension (Panel d) and enhancement (Panel e)

Fig

AA

PET

and

MRI

findings

in

a

case

of

differential

diagnosis

between

TML

and

breast

cancer

brain

metastasis

years

old

female

patient

previously

treated

for

breast

cancer

who

underwent

ceMRI

that

showed

the

presence

of

a

left

frontal

lesion

hyperintense

at

sequences

Panel

a

and

hypointense

at

sequences

Panel

b

AA

PET

CT

with

F

Dopa

showed

a

low

tracer

uptake

supporting

the

hypothesis

of

TML

ceMRI

performed

three

months

after

therapy

administration

showed

the

reduction

in

both

lesion

dimension

Panel

d

and

enhancement

Panel

e


Fig. 2. Sagittal T2-weighted images of lumbo-sacral spine (A) and dorsolumba spine (B) show hyper-intense signal involving the D5, D6 and D12 vertebra with soft tissue component and sparing of IV discs which on post contrast scan (C) revealed heterogeneous enhancement in the body, posterior elements and epidural space with compressive myelopathy. Cytology revealed granuloma formation. A B C

Fig

Sagittal

images

of

lumbo

sacral

spine

A

and

dorsolumba

spine

B

show

hyper

intense

signal

involving

the

and

vertebra

with

soft

tissue

component

and

sparing

of

IV

discs

which

on

post

contrast

scan

C

revealed

heterogeneous

enhancement

in

the

body

posterior

elements

and

epidural

space

with

compressive

myelopathy

Cytology

revealed

granuloma

formation

A

B

C


Fig. 8 MRI 50 min after limb perfusion of an 11-week-old GRMD dog. T2-weighted TSE MR images without (a) and with (b, c) fat saturation. Composite images have been created to orient the left and right limbs in the same plane. As a result, some proximal structures such as the colon are duplicated. Craniocaudal (top) and transverse (bottom) sections proximal to the stifle are seen in a and b. In each image, the perfused limb is on the left. Increased signal intensity is consistently seen in the perfused limb. Intensity could be either fat or fluid in a but is due to fluid alone in the fat saturation images in b and

Fig

MRI

min

after

limb

perfusion

of

an

old

GRMD

dog

TSE

MR

images

without

a

and

with

b

c

fat

saturation

Composite

images

have

been

created

to

orient

the

left

and

right

limbs

in

the

same

plane

As

a

result

some

proximal

structures

such

as

the

colon

are

duplicated

Craniocaudal

top

and

transverse

bottom

sections

proximal

to

the

stifle

are

seen

in

a

and

b.

In

each

image

the

perfused

limb

is

on

the

left

Increased

signal

intensity

is

consistently

seen

in

the

perfused

limb

Intensity

could

be

either

fat

or

fluid

in

a

but

is

due

to

fluid

alone

in

the

fat

saturation

images

in

b

and


Fig. 1. Screen captures of sagittal CT reformat of the thoracolumbar junction (a) and an MIP reformat (b) and three-dimensional volume rendering (c) of a cerebral angiogram demonstrating an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery.

Fig

Screen

captures

of

sagittal

CT

reformat

of

the

thoracolumbar

junction

a

and

an

MIP

reformat

b

and

three

dimensional

volume

rendering

c

of

a

cerebral

angiogram

demonstrating

an

aneurysm

of

the

anterior

communicating

artery


Fig. 2. (A) The clusters of tumor cells are arranged in finger-like budding with common outer cell borders. (B) The tumor cells show intra-cytoplasmic vacuoles, convoluted nuclei (red arrow), and relatively prominent nucleoli, with a few foci of nuclear molding (blue arrows). (C) ThinPrep cytology of peritoneal washing shows a few fragments of fibrillary stroma (red arrow). (D-F) Immunocytochemistry reveals a positive reaction to vimentin (D), pancytokeratin (E), and weak positive reaction to desmin (F). (G) The conventional smear of pleural effusion fluid shows clusters of angulated nuclei and distinct nuclear moldings (blue arrows). (H, I) The ThinPrep cytology of pleural effusion shows rounded clusters with a three-dimensional structures (H), with extracellular mucinous content (I, yellow arrows), and more glandular differentiation.

Fig

A

The

clusters

of

tumor

cells

are

arranged

in

finger

like

budding

with

common

outer

cell

borders

B

The

tumor

cells

show

intra

cytoplasmic

vacuoles

convoluted

nuclei

red

arrow

and

relatively

prominent

nucleoli

with

a

few

foci

of

nuclear

molding

blue

arrows

C

ThinPrep

cytology

of

peritoneal

washing

shows

a

few

fragments

of

fibrillary

stroma

red

arrow

D

F

Immunocytochemistry

reveals

a

positive

reaction

to

vimentin

D

pancytokeratin

E

and

weak

positive

reaction

to

desmin

F

G

The

conventional

smear

of

pleural

effusion

fluid

shows

clusters

of

angulated

nuclei

and

distinct

nuclear

moldings

blue

arrows

H

I

The

ThinPrep

cytology

of

pleural

effusion

shows

rounded

clusters

with

a

three

dimensional

structures

H

with

extracellular

mucinous

content

I

yellow

arrows

and

more

glandular

differentiation


Fig 6. Curved reformatted In vivo head images: Re-sliced UTE images obtained from the same data set as in Fig 6. (a) Curved reformatted slice displaying the sagittal suture. (b) Curvilinear reformatted view of the denture, mimicking a dental panorama image. The nerve canals, dentin and the jawbone are clearly delineated. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150371.g006

Fig

Curved

reformatted

In

vivo

head

images

Re

sliced

UTE

images

obtained

from

the

same

data

set

as

in

Fig

a

Curved

reformatted

slice

displaying

the

sagittal

suture

b

Curvilinear

reformatted

view

of

the

denture

mimicking

a

dental

panorama

image

The

nerve

canals

dentin

and

the

jawbone

are

clearly

delineated


Fig. 2 Non-JIA patient with reactive knee symptoms based on a large cystic lesion. a. sagittal fat saturated T2-weighted image, b. sagittal T1weighted image with the injection of Gd, and an axial T1-weighted fat saturated MR image after the injection of Gd obtained in a 10-year-old boy show a large cystic lesion (arrows) without signs of synovial hypertrophy

Fig

Non

JIA

patient

with

reactive

knee

symptoms

based

on

a

large

cystic

lesion

a.

sagittal

fat

saturated

image

b.

sagittal

image

with

the

injection

of

Gd

and

an

axial

fat

saturated

MR

image

after

the

injection

of

Gd

obtained

in

a

old

boy

show

a

large

cystic

lesion

arrows

without

signs

of

synovial

hypertrophy


Fig. 3. Endoscopic submucosal dissection of an esophageal leiomyoma using electrosurgical knife. (A) A large subepithelial tumor is observed at the lower esophagus. (B) The tumor is hypoechoic and located mainly in the submucosal layer on endoscopic ultrasonography. (C) After midline incision of overlying normal mucosa, a subepithelial tumor is exposed. (D) Submucosal dissection of the tumor is performed by using an IT-knife. (E) The lesion is completely removed. (F) The resected specimen.

Fig

Endoscopic

submucosal

dissection

of

an

esophageal

leiomyoma

using

electrosurgical

knife

A

A

large

subepithelial

tumor

is

observed

at

the

lower

esophagus

B

The

tumor

is

hypoechoic

and

located

mainly

in

the

submucosal

layer

on

endoscopic

ultrasonography

C

After

midline

incision

of

overlying

normal

mucosa

a

subepithelial

tumor

is

exposed

D

Submucosal

dissection

of

the

tumor

is

performed

by

using

an

IT

knife

E

The

lesion

is

completely

removed

F

The

resected

specimen


Figure 2. Radiograph of the cervical spine: Antero-posterior, lateral, and open mouth position.

Figure

Radiograph

of

the

cervical

spine

Antero

posterior

lateral

and

open

mouth

position


Fig. 5 A: Photograph of the solid and hard-elastic tumor. B-H: Photomicrographs showing perivascular lymphoid cell infiltration with nuclear atypia (hematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnifications B: ×200, C: ×400). The MIB-1 labeling index was 31% (D: original magnification ×400). Immunohistochemical staining showing the infiltrated lymphoid Tcells positive for CD3 (E: original magnification ×400), with CD20-positive B-cells (F: original magnification ×400), and the lymphoid cells positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (original magnifications G: ×400, EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid; H: ×400, latent membrane protein).

Fig

A

Photograph

of

the

solid

and

hard

elastic

tumor

B

H

Photomicrographs

showing

perivascular

lymphoid

cell

infiltration

with

nuclear

atypia

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

original

magnifications

B

C

The

labeling

index

was

D

original

magnification

Immunohistochemical

staining

showing

the

infiltrated

lymphoid

Tcells

positive

for

E

original

magnification

with

B

cells

F

original

magnification

and

the

lymphoid

cells

positive

for

Epstein

Barr

virus

EBV

original

magnifications

G

EBV

encoded

small

ribonucleic

acid

H

latent

membrane

protein


Figure 1. The above images are exported from a picture-archiving communication system (PACS). The current time and patient information are displayed on the left side of the monitor. A, The appendiceal orifice indicates that this area is a cecum. B, The IC valve usually opens to the left, that is, 9 o'clock. C, The IC valve is still visible, indicating that the site is a proximal ascending colon. D, The middle part of the ascending colon. E, Blue hepatic shadow and consecutive colon wrinkles indicate that this area is hepatic flexure. The axis usually starts at 4 o'clock and ends at 10 o'clock. F, The axis has changed and the blue hepatic shadow disappeared. These indicate that this area is a proximal transverse colon.

Figure

The

above

images

are

exported

from

a

picture

archiving

communication

system

PACS

The

current

time

and

patient

information

are

displayed

on

the

left

side

of

the

monitor

A

The

appendiceal

orifice

indicates

that

this

area

is

a

cecum

B

The

IC

valve

usually

opens

to

the

left

that

is

o'clock

C

The

IC

valve

is

still

visible

indicating

that

the

site

is

a

proximal

ascending

colon

D

The

middle

part

of

the

ascending

colon

E

Blue

hepatic

shadow

and

consecutive

colon

wrinkles

indicate

that

this

area

is

hepatic

flexure

The

axis

usually

starts

at

o'clock

and

ends

at

o'clock

F

The

axis

has

changed

and

the

blue

hepatic

shadow

disappeared

These

indicate

that

this

area

is

a

proximal

transverse

colon


Figure 4. Transmission electron micrographs representative of MCF-7 cells. Confluent cells (60-70%) were treated with 6 µM of α-tomatine for 4 h. Images of transverse sections of the cells are shown. (A) Control cells, (B) α-tomatine-treated cells. The treated cells show disintegration of both the outer and nuclear membranes, but no typical morphologic signs of apoptosis.

Figure

Transmission

electron

micrographs

representative

of

cells

Confluent

cells

were

treated

with

µM

of

α

tomatine

for

h.

Images

of

transverse

sections

of

the

cells

are

shown

A

Control

cells

B

α

tomatine

treated

cells

The

treated

cells

show

disintegration

of

both

the

outer

and

nuclear

membranes

but

no

typical

morphologic

signs

of

apoptosis


Figure 6 Representative histological photomicrographs of coronal sections for two rats with bilateral tracks in the anterior VTA (a, b), and one with a unilateral track in the posterior VTA (c). Coronal typography was determined based on the rat brain atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1986).

Figure

Representative

histological

photomicrographs

of

coronal

sections

for

two

rats

with

bilateral

tracks

in

the

anterior

VTA

a

b

and

one

with

a

unilateral

track

in

the

posterior

VTA

c

Coronal

typography

was

determined

based

on

the

rat

brain

atlas

of

Paxinos

and

Watson


Fig. 3. Hematoxylin and Eosin stain of tongue scar at 5 weeks. Axial cuts, perpendicular to the long axis of the tongue demonstrating (A) low power (4x) and (B) high power (20x) H&E stain of the contralateral uninjured hemi tongue. (C) Low power (4x) and (D) high power (20x) H&E stain of the ipsilateral injured hemi tongue. (C) and (D) illustrate dense stromal fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltrate, and loss of a significant portion of the intrinsic muscular architecture of the tongue. (A) and (B) show well maintained histological architecture of the tongue with preservation of intrinsic vertical, transverse, and longitudinal muscle fibers.

Fig

Hematoxylin

and

Eosin

stain

of

tongue

scar

at

weeks

Axial

cuts

perpendicular

to

the

long

axis

of

the

tongue

demonstrating

A

low

power

and

B

high

power

H&E

stain

of

the

contralateral

uninjured

hemi

tongue

C

Low

power

and

D

high

power

H&E

stain

of

the

ipsilateral

injured

hemi

tongue

C

and

D

illustrate

dense

stromal

fibrosis

lymphocytic

infiltrate

and

loss

of

a

significant

portion

of

the

intrinsic

muscular

architecture

of

the

tongue

A

and

B

show

well

maintained

histological

architecture

of

the

tongue

with

preservation

of

intrinsic

vertical

transverse

and

longitudinal

muscle

fibers


Figure 2. Chest X-rays in the frontal (A, E) and lateral (B, F) views, and computed tomography images (C, D, and G, H) of the 69-year-old woman and 54-year-old man. The white arrows in panels B, C, F, and G indicate pectus excavatum. SVC: superior vena cava, IVC: inferior vena cava, Ao: aorta, RA: right atrium, LA: left atrium, RV: right ventricle, Eso: esophagus

Figure

Chest

X

rays

in

the

frontal

A

E

and

lateral

B

F

views

and

computed

tomography

images

C

D

and

G

H

of

the

old

woman

and

old

man

The

white

arrows

in

panels

B

C

F

and

G

indicate

pectus

excavatum

SVC

superior

vena

cava

IVC

inferior

vena

cava

Ao

aorta

RA

right

atrium

LA

left

atrium

RV

right

ventricle

Eso

esophagus


Figure 3. Images of PET-CT scans. A, Prior to the combination treatment. B, After the combination treatment, the patient was disease free. PET-CT = positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

Figure

Images

of

PET

CT

scans

A

Prior

to

the

combination

treatment

B

After

the

combination

treatment

the

patient

was

disease

free

PET

CT

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography


Fig. 1. Twelve right-sided and midline landmarks located on 3D CT reconstructions (lateral view at left; ectocranial base at right) used in analysis. Landmark names are given in Table 2. *Sella (sel) is located endocranially, but its approximate location is shown on the ectocranial view.

Fig

Twelve

right

sided

and

midline

landmarks

located

on

CT

reconstructions

lateral

view

at

left

ectocranial

base

at

right

used

in

analysis

Landmark

names

are

given

in

Table

Sella

sel

is

located

endocranially

but

its

approximate

location

is

shown

on

the

ectocranial

view


Figure 2: Magnetic resonance angiography suggested left vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) (a, arrow). High resolution magnetic resonance images with coronal (b, arrow) and axil (c, arrow) reconstructed image showed slim lumen with normal wall. This case was finally diagnosed as VAH with normal wall.

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

angiography

suggested

left

vertebral

artery

hypoplasia

VAH

a

arrow

High

resolution

magnetic

resonance

images

with

coronal

b

arrow

and

axil

c

arrow

reconstructed

image

showed

slim

lumen

with

normal

wall

This

case

was

finally

diagnosed

as

VAH

with

normal

wall


Figure 1. fMRI images of priming. The images in the upper row are fMRI data (coloured scale, with brighter colours indicating larger signal change) displayed on top of anatomical images. Images are from horizontal sections through the brain. The images below the fMRI data are a schematic representation of the comparison being imaged. (a) fMRI data show brain areas activated by an object classi¢cation task (for both novel and repeated items) compared with a low-level ¢xation control task, collapsing over both novel and repeated items, revealing the network of brain areas activated in common by both item types. These include the left dorsal frontal (LDF) cortex and visual areas. (b) When novel items are contrasted directly with repeated items, areas showing reduced activation in relation to priming are revealed.

Figure

fMRI

images

of

priming

The

images

in

the

upper

row

are

fMRI

data

coloured

scale

with

brighter

colours

indicating

larger

signal

change

displayed

on

top

of

anatomical

images

Images

are

from

horizontal

sections

through

the

brain

The

images

below

the

fMRI

data

are

a

schematic

representation

of

the

comparison

being

imaged

a

fMRI

data

show

brain

areas

activated

by

an

object

classi¢cation

task

for

both

novel

and

repeated

items

compared

with

a

low

level

¢xation

control

task

collapsing

over

both

novel

and

repeated

items

revealing

the

network

of

brain

areas

activated

in

common

by

both

item

types

These

include

the

left

dorsal

frontal

LDF

cortex

and

visual

areas

b

When

novel

items

are

contrasted

directly

with

repeated

items

areas

showing

reduced

activation

in

relation

to

priming

are

revealed


FIG. 14. Dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. a: Time course of the T2*-weighted MR images during contrast material bolus passage. Due to the high concentration of contrast material the signal intensity decreases significantly during the peak of the bolus. b: The corresponding concentration time course demonstrates highest signal intensities during the peak of the bolus passage.

FIG

Dynamic

susceptibility

contrast

imaging

a

Time

course

of

the

-weighted

MR

images

during

contrast

material

bolus

passage

Due

to

the

high

concentration

of

contrast

material

the

signal

intensity

decreases

significantly

during

the

peak

of

the

bolus

b

The

corresponding

concentration

time

course

demonstrates

highest

signal

intensities

during

the

peak

of

the

bolus

passage


Fig. 4 The nidus and inflammatory response in the surrounding tissues are evident on the coronal T2-weighted (a) and transverse T1-weighted (b) MRIs

Fig

The

nidus

and

inflammatory

response

in

the

surrounding

tissues

are

evident

on

the

coronal

a

and

transverse

b

MRIs


Figure 13 MRI view of the anterior (at the bottom) and posterior (at the top) meniscofemoral ligament.

Figure

MRI

view

of

the

anterior

at

the

bottom

and

posterior

at

the

top

meniscofemoral

ligament


Figure 4. Axillary ultrasound. a: lymph node with benign appearance retaining a fine cortex and an echogenic hilum; b: suspect lymph node showing irregular eccentric thickening of the cortex while the fatty hilum is conserved; c: very suspect lymph node, of increased thickness, with very thick cortex and virtual disappearance of the fatty hilum; d: Round, totally hypoechoic lymph node with metastatic appearance.

Figure

Axillary

ultrasound

a

lymph

node

with

benign

appearance

retaining

a

fine

cortex

and

an

echogenic

hilum

b

suspect

lymph

node

showing

irregular

eccentric

thickening

of

the

cortex

while

the

fatty

hilum

is

conserved

c

very

suspect

lymph

node

of

increased

thickness

with

very

thick

cortex

and

virtual

disappearance

of

the

fatty

hilum

d

Round

totally

hypoechoic

lymph

node

with

metastatic

appearance


Fig. 1 The intraoperative images of a 68-year-old man who underwent RF-TR by the use of the intraoperative CT with MRI fusion-guided technique. The trajectory (green line) was chosen along an unobstructed linear pathway to penetrate foramen ovale (purple circle) into the trigeminal cistern (green circle). The lateral pterygoid plate (yellow line) should be avoided during penetration. Three-dimentional skin probe eye view (a), inline sagittal view (b), inline axial view (c), and probe eye view (d)

Fig

The

intraoperative

images

of

a

old

man

who

underwent

RF

TR

by

the

use

of

the

intraoperative

CT

with

MRI

fusion

guided

technique

The

trajectory

green

line

was

chosen

along

an

unobstructed

linear

pathway

to

penetrate

foramen

ovale

purple

circle

into

the

trigeminal

cistern

green

circle

The

lateral

pterygoid

plate

yellow

line

should

be

avoided

during

penetration

Three

dimentional

skin

probe

eye

view

a

inline

sagittal

view

b

inline

axial

view

c

and

probe

eye

view

d


Figure 1. (a) Metallic coils retention (arrow) in the left middle lung zone in chest X-ray. (b) EGD revealed gastric telangiectases with vessel-pulled appearance.

Figure

a

Metallic

coils

retention

arrow

in

the

left

middle

lung

zone

in

chest

X

ray

b

EGD

revealed

gastric

telangiectases

with

vessel

pulled

appearance


Fig. 9 Posttraumatic unstable osteochondral lesion of the talus and massive degenerative changes of the ankle in a 66-year-old female. a. CR (AP view) demonstrating the presence of metallic screw within the fibula (arrow). Note irregular articular surface of talar dome and advanced degenerative changes with osteophytes formation (arrowheads). b. CBCT coronal reformatted image better shows the presence and extent of an unstable osteochondral lesion (arrow) and osteophytes (arrowheads). There is no metal artifact from the screw in the fibula

Fig

Posttraumatic

unstable

osteochondral

lesion

of

the

talus

and

massive

degenerative

changes

of

the

ankle

in

a

old

female

a.

CR

AP

view

demonstrating

the

presence

of

metallic

screw

within

the

fibula

arrow

Note

irregular

articular

surface

of

talar

dome

and

advanced

degenerative

changes

with

osteophytes

formation

arrowheads

b.

CBCT

coronal

reformatted

image

better

shows

the

presence

and

extent

of

an

unstable

osteochondral

lesion

arrow

and

osteophytes

arrowheads

There

is

no

metal

artifact

from

the

screw

in

the

fibula


Figure 2. Lipid-rich adenoma in a 66-year-old woman. Transverse, T1-weighted in-phase (A, TR/TE of 125/4.3 ms, 80° flip angle) and out-of-phase (B, TR/TE of 125/ 2.1 ms, 80° flip angle) images of a right adrenal nodule that showed a signal drop in the out-of-phase sequence. The adrenal index was 69%. Transverse, T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo MRI images with fat suppression (TR/TE of 4.17/1.98 ms, 12° flip angle), obtained before (C) and after gadolinium enhancement in the arterial (D), portal venous (E), and interstitial (F) phases, demonstrating a type 1 PE with a peak of enhancement in the arterial phase.

Figure

Lipid

rich

adenoma

in

a

old

woman

Transverse

in

phase

A

TR

TE

of

ms

flip

angle

and

out

of

phase

B

TR

TE

of

ms

flip

angle

images

of

a

right

adrenal

nodule

that

showed

a

signal

drop

in

the

out

of

phase

sequence

The

adrenal

index

was

Transverse

three

dimensional

gradient

echo

MRI

images

with

fat

suppression

TR

TE

of

ms

flip

angle

obtained

before

C

and

after

gadolinium

enhancement

in

the

arterial

D

portal

venous

E

and

interstitial

F

phases

demonstrating

a

type

PE

with

a

peak

of

enhancement

in

the

arterial

phase


FIG. 3. Isodose distribution generated using a 6-MV 7-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan in (a) transverse section, (b) sagittal section, and (c) coronal section. The isodose curves from the IMRT plan are shown as solid lines; the respective high dose rate distributions are shown as color washes.

FIG

Isodose

distribution

generated

using

a

intensity

modulated

radiation

therapy

IMRT

plan

in

a

transverse

section

b

sagittal

section

and

c

coronal

section

The

isodose

curves

from

the

IMRT

plan

are

shown

as

solid

lines

the

respective

high

dose

rate

distributions

are

shown

as

color

washes


Fig. 8 Non-enhanced 3-D CT images of traumatic herniation of small bowel through the anterior abdominal wall. CR (a) and VR (b) show the soft tissues of the abdominal wall and upper thigh along with herniating of the bowel loops (arrows). CR allows for a natural representation of anatomy

Fig

Non

enhanced

CT

images

of

traumatic

herniation

of

small

bowel

through

the

anterior

abdominal

wall

CR

a

and

VR

b

show

the

soft

tissues

of

the

abdominal

wall

and

upper

thigh

along

with

herniating

of

the

bowel

loops

arrows

CR

allows

for

a

natural

representation

of

anatomy


Fig. 4 Post-operative followup chest x-ray day-5 and day-15

Fig

Post

operative

followup

chest

x

ray

and


Fig. 4 Sagittal and axial T2 WIs (a and b) show a large epidural and posterior paraspinal fluid collection in a patient with L4–5 decompression and fusion. Postcontrast image (c) shows no significant enhancement around the collection. The patient had orthostatic headaches and MRI brain confirmed dural thickening and effusion on FLAIR (d) with diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement (e) consistent with intracranial hypotension due to CSF leak and psedomeningocele formation

Fig

Sagittal

and

axial

WIs

a

and

b

show

a

large

epidural

and

posterior

paraspinal

fluid

collection

in

a

patient

with

decompression

and

fusion

Postcontrast

image

c

shows

no

significant

enhancement

around

the

collection

The

patient

had

orthostatic

headaches

and

MRI

brain

confirmed

dural

thickening

and

effusion

on

FLAIR

d

with

diffuse

pachymeningeal

enhancement

e

consistent

with

intracranial

hypotension

due

to

CSF

leak

and

psedomeningocele

formation


Figure 1: Example of densitometric quantification of adipose tissue area (threshold: -190 to -30 HU) in a CT scan at level L3/4: ROI determining TAT (a) and VAT (b). Example of densitometric quantification of muscle area in a CT-scan at level L 3/4 with ROI determining muscle compartments with threshold: -29 to +150 HU (c) and IMFA with threshold: -190 to-30HU (d).

Figure

Example

of

densitometric

quantification

of

adipose

tissue

area

threshold

to

HU

in

a

CT

scan

at

level

ROI

determining

TAT

a

and

VAT

b

Example

of

densitometric

quantification

of

muscle

area

in

a

CT

scan

at

level

L

with

ROI

determining

muscle

compartments

with

threshold

to

HU

c

and

IMFA

with

threshold

d


Figure 1. A 61-year-old man with benign solitary pulmonary nodule. A, Axial T1-weighted FFE and B, T2-weighted TSE MR images show a nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung. C, This nodule (arrow) shows peripheral ring-enhancement on the axial post contrast fat-suppressed T1-weighted image (5th minute). D, SI-time curve and quantitative interpretation of the curve obtained from the nodule. Maximun relative enhancement (27%) and wash-in rate (1.48 seconds) implied benign mass.

Figure

A

old

man

with

benign

solitary

pulmonary

nodule

A

Axial

FFE

and

B

TSE

MR

images

show

a

nodule

in

the

right

lower

lobe

of

the

lung

C

This

nodule

arrow

shows

peripheral

ring

enhancement

on

the

axial

post

contrast

fat

suppressed

image

minute

D

SI

time

curve

and

quantitative

interpretation

of

the

curve

obtained

from

the

nodule

Maximun

relative

enhancement

and

wash

in

rate

seconds

implied

benign

mass


Figure 1 Complete response of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation. Pre-treatment CT obtained in the arterial (a) and the delayed phase (b) shows the lesion as a small hypervascular nodule (a). Injection of an ultrasound contrast agent confirms arterial-phase enhancing tumour (arrow, c). B-mode low-mechanical index image is shown in the left side of the image; the contrast-specific mode during the arterial phase is shown in the right side. The tumour is treated with RF ablation under US guidance. At the end of the procedure, a large hyperechoic cloud covering the tumour as well as a cuff of surrounding liver parenchyma is seen on US (d). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound study performed at the end of the procedure shows the ablation zone as an unenhanced area completely covering the tumour. Peri-ablation enhancement is also seen, representing reactive hyperaemia (e). On CT images obtained in the arterial (f) and the portal venous phase (g) 1 month after treatment, the tumour is replaced by a non-enhancing ablation zone. The findings are consistent with complete response.

Figure

Complete

response

of

hepatocellular

carcinoma

treated

with

radiofrequency

ablation

Pre

treatment

CT

obtained

in

the

arterial

a

and

the

delayed

phase

b

shows

the

lesion

as

a

small

hypervascular

nodule

a

Injection

of

an

ultrasound

contrast

agent

confirms

arterial

phase

enhancing

tumour

arrow

c

B

mode

low

mechanical

index

image

is

shown

in

the

left

side

of

the

image

the

contrast

specific

mode

during

the

arterial

phase

is

shown

in

the

right

side

The

tumour

is

treated

with

RF

ablation

under

US

guidance

At

the

end

of

the

procedure

a

large

hyperechoic

cloud

covering

the

tumour

as

well

as

a

cuff

of

surrounding

liver

parenchyma

is

seen

on

US

d

Contrast

enhanced

ultrasound

study

performed

at

the

end

of

the

procedure

shows

the

ablation

zone

as

an

unenhanced

area

completely

covering

the

tumour

Peri

ablation

enhancement

is

also

seen

representing

reactive

hyperaemia

e

On

CT

images

obtained

in

the

arterial

f

and

the

portal

venous

phase

g

month

after

treatment

the

tumour

is

replaced

by

a

non

enhancing

ablation

zone

The

findings

are

consistent

with

complete

response


FIG. 4. STM images 300 300 nm2 showing rapid decay of adatom islands while S increases to 35 mML: a island distribution before exposure to S, b imaging during S exposure, which starts at the bottom as indicated by a lower arrow and which is completed at the top arrow. We also indicate the change in size in nm2 of two selected islands near the bottom of the images.

FIG

STM

images

showing

rapid

decay

of

adatom

islands

while

S

increases

to

mML

a

island

distribution

before

exposure

to

S

b

imaging

during

S

exposure

which

starts

at

the

bottom

as

indicated

by

a

lower

arrow

and

which

is

completed

at

the

top

arrow

We

also

indicate

the

change

in

size

in

of

two

selected

islands

near

the

bottom

of

the

images


Figure 1. Sagittal reconstructed (A) and volume rendering (B) dual source CT images of a 15-day girl with a large PDA and PAH. (PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension).

Figure

Sagittal

reconstructed

A

and

volume

rendering

B

dual

source

CT

images

of

a

girl

with

a

large

PDA

and

PAH

PDA

patent

ductus

arteriosus

PAH

pulmonary

arterial

hypertension


Fig. 2 Endoscopic view. (A) Intraoperative endoscopic view of retained ballistic fragment located within the left fossa of Rosenmuller. The bilateral Eustachian tubes are visualized. Traumatic changes are noted in the nasopharynx and the patient’s left Eustachian tube which is displaced laterally by the suction tip. The soft palate is labeled for reference. (B) Intraoperative endoscopic view of dural defect after resection of necrotic tissue and extraction of the ballistic fragment. Cerebrospinal fluid was noted to egress from the dural defect. ET, Eustachian tube; NP, nasopharynx.

Fig

Endoscopic

view

A

Intraoperative

endoscopic

view

of

retained

ballistic

fragment

located

within

the

left

fossa

of

Rosenmuller

The

bilateral

Eustachian

tubes

are

visualized

Traumatic

changes

are

noted

in

the

nasopharynx

and

the

patient

’s

left

Eustachian

tube

which

is

displaced

laterally

by

the

suction

tip

The

soft

palate

is

labeled

for

reference

B

Intraoperative

endoscopic

view

of

dural

defect

after

resection

of

necrotic

tissue

and

extraction

of

the

ballistic

fragment

Cerebrospinal

fluid

was

noted

to

egress

from

the

dural

defect

ET

Eustachian

tube

NP

nasopharynx


Figure 2. Pre- and postoperative MRI of second PELD. A and B, Preoperative MRI revealed recurrent disc herniation was identified on L4-L5. The right foramen and nerve root was compressed by disc hernia. C, Resected disc fragment in the second operation. D and E, Postoperative MRI showed decompressed spinal canal and foraminal area.

Figure

Pre-

and

postoperative

MRI

of

second

PELD

A

and

B

Preoperative

MRI

revealed

recurrent

disc

herniation

was

identified

on

The

right

foramen

and

nerve

root

was

compressed

by

disc

hernia

C

Resected

disc

fragment

in

the

second

operation

D

and

E

Postoperative

MRI

showed

decompressed

spinal

canal

and

foraminal

area


Fig 6. Endoscopic management of calcaneofibular impingement and posterior ankle impingement syndrome of right foot and ankle. The patient is in the prone position. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomograms (CTs) of the right foot are shown for the illustrated case. (A) The preoperative sagittal CT view shows the posterior calcaneal bone spike (CS). (B) The preoperative sagittal CT view shows calcaneofibular impingement (arrowhead). (C) The postoperative sagittal CT view shows that the posterior calcaneal bone spike has been resected. (D) The postoperative coronal CT view shows adequate lateral decompression.

Fig

Endoscopic

management

of

calcaneofibular

impingement

and

posterior

ankle

impingement

syndrome

of

right

foot

and

ankle

The

patient

is

in

the

prone

position

Preoperative

and

postoperative

computed

tomograms

CTs

of

the

right

foot

are

shown

for

the

illustrated

case

A

The

preoperative

sagittal

CT

view

shows

the

posterior

calcaneal

bone

spike

CS

B

The

preoperative

sagittal

CT

view

shows

calcaneofibular

impingement

arrowhead

C

The

postoperative

sagittal

CT

view

shows

that

the

posterior

calcaneal

bone

spike

has

been

resected

D

The

postoperative

coronal

CT

view

shows

adequate

lateral

decompression


Fig. 4. SPM{t} maps of voxelwise correlations between grey matter volume and the variability of the early saccade population (σE) in patients (A) and controls (B). Anatomical localization as projected on axial sections of a normalMRI, spatially normalised into theMNI template (pb0.05, FWE corrected formultiple comparisons) at the given z coordinates in MNI space. Sub-plots show group mean-corrected σE vs. grey matter correlation data for controls (blue) and patients (red).

Fig

SPM{t

maps

of

voxelwise

correlations

between

grey

matter

volume

and

the

variability

of

the

early

saccade

population

σE

in

patients

A

and

controls

B

Anatomical

localization

as

projected

on

axial

sections

of

a

normalMRI

spatially

normalised

into

theMNI

template

FWE

corrected

formultiple

comparisons

at

the

given

z

coordinates

in

MNI

space

Sub

plots

show

group

mean

corrected

σE

vs.

grey

matter

correlation

data

for

controls

blue

and

patients

red


Fig 13. Lung ventilation imaging using carbon particles behaving as a “pseudo gas” for diagnosis of acute pulmonary emboli. Dual study using [68Ga]Ga-GallGas (left) and [99mTc]-Technegas (right) in healthy piglets demonstrating similarity in ventilation distribution (A), in piglets with lower lobar obstruction (B), and in the piglets with diffuse airway obstruction induced by infusion of methacholine (C).

Fig

Lung

ventilation

imaging

using

carbon

particles

behaving

as

a

pseudo

gas

for

diagnosis

of

acute

pulmonary

emboli

Dual

study

using

GallGas

left

and

right

in

healthy

piglets

demonstrating

similarity

in

ventilation

distribution

A

in

piglets

with

lower

lobar

obstruction

B

and

in

the

piglets

with

diffuse

airway

obstruction

induced

by

infusion

of

methacholine

C


Figure 3. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (frontal plane) showing (A) presence of only left portal vein (LPV) and left hepatic artery (LHA) and absence of right portal vein and right hepatic artery and (B) dominant pattern of left hepatic vein (LHV) and absence of right and middle hepatic veins (PV – main portal vein; CHA – common hepatic artery; GDA – gastro-duodenal artery).

Figure

Contrast

enhanced

computed

tomography

frontal

plane

showing

A

presence

of

only

left

portal

vein

LPV

and

left

hepatic

artery

LHA

and

absence

of

right

portal

vein

and

right

hepatic

artery

and

B

dominant

pattern

of

left

hepatic

vein

LHV

and

absence

of

right

and

middle

hepatic

veins

PV

main

portal

vein

CHA

common

hepatic

artery

GDA

gastro

duodenal

artery


Fig. 1. Mass lesion with hypointensity in T1-weighted images (arrow) (A), with slightly lower signal than CSF in T2-weighted images (arrow) (B), and slightly heterogeneous gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (C) upon sagittal thoracic spine MRI. CSF : cerebrospinal fluid. C B A

Fig

Mass

lesion

with

hypointensity

in

images

arrow

A

with

slightly

lower

signal

than

CSF

in

images

arrow

B

and

slightly

heterogeneous

gadolinium

enhanced

images

C

upon

sagittal

thoracic

spine

MRI

CSF

cerebrospinal

fluid

C

B

A