Fig 7. Imaging of HEK cells grown in microfluidic channels. HEK cells were imaged for 4 h with a Samsung Galaxy S I9000 using the ATLIS with the humidifying module (recirculating-loop configuration) mounted on a Nikon TMS microscope with 10X magnification in the eyepiece and using a 20X objective. No signs of evaporation were detected in the microfluidic system and the cells moved and proliferated normally. White boxes delineate magnified areas shown in the bottom row. A proliferating cell can bee seen in the area marked by a yellow box. The lower channel was 250 μm across, while the narrower channels at the top were 125 μm wide. All channels were 100 μm in height. Scale bars: white 100 μm; black 20 μm.

Fig

Imaging

of

HEK

cells

grown

in

microfluidic

channels

HEK

cells

were

imaged

for

h

with

a

Samsung

Galaxy

S

using

the

ATLIS

with

the

humidifying

module

recirculating

loop

configuration

mounted

on

a

Nikon

TMS

microscope

with

magnification

in

the

eyepiece

and

using

a

objective

No

signs

of

evaporation

were

detected

in

the

microfluidic

system

and

the

cells

moved

and

proliferated

normally

White

boxes

delineate

magnified

areas

shown

in

the

bottom

row

A

proliferating

cell

can

bee

seen

in

the

area

marked

by

a

yellow

box

The

lower

channel

was

μm

across

while

the

narrower

channels

at

the

top

were

μm

wide

All

channels

were

μm

in

height

Scale

bars

white

μm

black

μm


Figure 3. Accumulation and infiltration of iPS-ML in pre-established tumor tissues in mouse peritoneal cavity. A. GFP-expressing NUGC-4 cells (5 610 6 cells/mouse) were injected into the peritoneal cavity of SCID mice. After 15 days, iPS-ML labeled with fluorescent PKH26 were injected i.p. into the mice (3610 6 cells/mouse). The mice were sacrificed the following day and subjected to fluorescence imaging analysis to determine the location of the NUGC-4-GFP tumors (excitation/emission: 475/520 nm) and PKH26-iPS-ML (excitation/emission: 550/600 nm). B. Tumor tissues in the greater omentum of the mice were isolated, and 20-mm thick frozen sections were made. The sections were analyzed on a fluorescence microscope, and a merged image with green fluorescence indicating NUGC-4/GFP cells and red fluorescence indicating PKH26-stained iPS-ML is shown. C, D Tissue sections were made by a similar procedure as for B, except that tPA was not used. A higher magnification view of the region surrounded by a dotted square in C is shown in D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067567.g003

Figure

Accumulation

and

infiltration

of

iPS

ML

in

pre

established

tumor

tissues

in

mouse

peritoneal

cavity

A.

GFP

expressing

cells

cells

mouse

were

injected

into

the

peritoneal

cavity

of

SCID

mice

After

days

iPS

ML

labeled

with

fluorescent

were

injected

i.p

into

the

mice

cells

mouse

The

mice

were

sacrificed

the

following

day

and

subjected

to

fluorescence

imaging

analysis

to

determine

the

location

of

the

tumors

excitation

emission

nm

and

ML

excitation

emission

nm

B.

Tumor

tissues

in

the

greater

omentum

of

the

mice

were

isolated

and

thick

frozen

sections

were

made

The

sections

were

analyzed

on

a

fluorescence

microscope

and

a

merged

image

with

green

fluorescence

indicating

GFP

cells

and

red

fluorescence

indicating

iPS

ML

is

shown

C

D

Tissue

sections

were

made

by

a

similar

procedure

as

for

B

except

that

tPA

was

not

used

A

higher

magnification

view

of

the

region

surrounded

by

a

dotted

square

in

C

is

shown

in

D.


Figure 2. Expression of BCL6, MUM1, and CD138 in monoclonal B-cell PTLDs. (A) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with centroblastic morphology displaying the BCL6 ϩ /MUM1 Ϫ /CD138 Ϫ phenotypic pattern. Mediumsized tumor cells show a nuclear staining pattern with the anti-BCL6 MoAb. Residual plasma cells show nuclear brown staining for anti-MUM1 antibody and cytoplasmic red staining for anti-CD138 MoAb (arrows). (B) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with centroblastic morphology displaying the BCL-6 Ϫ /MUM1 ϩ /CD138 Ϫ phenotypic pattern. Most neoplastic cells show strong nuclear immunoreactivity with the anti-MUM1 antibody. No BCL6 expression is detectable in the neoplastic population; residual plasma cells show cytoplasmic staining for anti-CD138 MoAb. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections, immunoperoxidase method (BCL6, MUM1), APAAP method (CD138), hematoxylin counterstain. Original magnification, ϫ 250.

Figure

Expression

of

and

in

monoclonal

B

cell

PTLDs

A

Diffuse

large

B

cell

lymphoma

with

centroblastic

morphology

displaying

the

ϩ

Ϫ

Ϫ

phenotypic

pattern

Mediumsized

tumor

cells

show

a

nuclear

staining

pattern

with

the

anti

MoAb

Residual

plasma

cells

show

nuclear

brown

staining

for

anti

antibody

and

cytoplasmic

red

staining

for

anti

MoAb

arrows

B

Diffuse

large

B

cell

lymphoma

with

centroblastic

morphology

displaying

the

Ϫ

ϩ

Ϫ

phenotypic

pattern

Most

neoplastic

cells

show

strong

nuclear

immunoreactivity

with

the

anti

antibody

No

expression

is

detectable

in

the

neoplastic

population

residual

plasma

cells

show

cytoplasmic

staining

for

anti

MoAb

Paraffin

embedded

tissue

sections

immunoperoxidase

method

APAAP

method

hematoxylin

counterstain

Original

magnification

ϫ


Fig. 2. Buried H-bonds and salt-bridges between apoE3 domains, with a focus on the major LDLR-binding region. The apoE3 is shown in ribbons and the side chains of the interacting residues in stick model. The NT domain is shown in light blue while the CT domain in pink. The side chains of the interacting residues in the major LDLR-binding region are shown in green, whereas the side chains of the other interacting residues are shown in brown. The salt-bridges and H-bonds are indicated with red dashed lines. (A) Detailed interdomain interactions of residues K157 and R158. (B) Detailed interdomain interactions of residues R134, R136, R142, K143, R145, K146, R147, and R150. The interacting residues are summarized in the top box.

Fig

Buried

H

bonds

and

salt

bridges

between

domains

with

a

focus

on

the

major

LDLR

binding

region

The

is

shown

in

ribbons

and

the

side

chains

of

the

interacting

residues

in

stick

model

The

NT

domain

is

shown

in

light

blue

while

the

CT

domain

in

pink

The

side

chains

of

the

interacting

residues

in

the

major

LDLR

binding

region

are

shown

in

green

whereas

the

side

chains

of

the

other

interacting

residues

are

shown

in

brown

The

salt

bridges

and

H

bonds

are

indicated

with

red

dashed

lines

A

Detailed

interdomain

interactions

of

residues

and

B

Detailed

interdomain

interactions

of

residues

and

The

interacting

residues

are

summarized

in

the

top

box


Fig. 10. Incomplete lesion coverage in a 46-year-old woman. A laterally located mass (white circle) was partially included on the lateral view of automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS), hindering the complete characterization of the mass (upper and right lower column). The same mass was fully visualized on hand-held ultrasonography (HHUS, left lower column).

Fig

Incomplete

lesion

coverage

in

a

old

woman

A

laterally

located

mass

white

circle

was

partially

included

on

the

lateral

view

of

automated

breast

ultrasonography

ABUS

hindering

the

complete

characterization

of

the

mass

upper

and

right

lower

column

The

same

mass

was

fully

visualized

on

hand

held

ultrasonography

HHUS

left

lower

column


Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (left) and frontal (right) FLAIR sequences showing prominent folia due to cerebellar atrophy

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

axial

fluid

attenuated

inversion

recovery

FLAIR

left

and

frontal

right

FLAIR

sequences

showing

prominent

folia

due

to

cerebellar

atrophy


Figure 1. Longitudinal course of computed tomography (CT) images of the chest. (A) CT showed diffuse centrilobular ground-glass opacities at 18 years; (B) at 22 years; (C) at 27 years, fibrotic changes in both upper lobes were recognized; and (D) at 30 years, the fibrosis changes deteriorated.

Figure

Longitudinal

course

of

computed

tomography

CT

images

of

the

chest

A

CT

showed

diffuse

centrilobular

ground

glass

opacities

at

years

B

at

years

C

at

years

fibrotic

changes

in

both

upper

lobes

were

recognized

and

D

at

years

the

fibrosis

changes

deteriorated


Figure 3 Radiological evaluation. Magnetic resonance sagittal T2 weighted image (image A) and postcontrast sagittal T1 image (image B) of the thoracic spine shows millimetric hyperintense metastases with no residual-recurrent tumor. Multislice computed tomography of the chest and abdomen demonstrated osteolytic (image G) and parenchymal metastases (arrows) in lungs (images C and D), liver and spleen (images E and F).

Figure

Radiological

evaluation

Magnetic

resonance

sagittal

weighted

image

image

A

and

postcontrast

sagittal

image

image

B

of

the

thoracic

spine

shows

millimetric

hyperintense

metastases

with

no

residual

recurrent

tumor

Multislice

computed

tomography

of

the

chest

and

abdomen

demonstrated

osteolytic

image

G

and

parenchymal

metastases

arrows

in

lungs

images

C

and

D

liver

and

spleen

images

E

and

F


Fig. 5. Endoscopic view of a ductal stones with the following different modalities of amplifications of the Image1 S System™ images: White Light (a), Spectra A (b), Spectra B (c).

Fig

Endoscopic

view

of

a

ductal

stones

with

the

following

different

modalities

of

amplifications

of

the

S

System

images

White

Light

a

Spectra

A

b

Spectra

B

c


Fig. 4 Mass spectrometry imaging in negative ion mode of wheat seed at the soft dough stage. (a) The optical image of the 20 µm seed cross section shows the coleoptile/coleorhiza (Co), scutellum (Sc), the endosperm (E), the pericarp-seed coat region (PS), and crease (Cr). Scale bar 500 µm. (b) Overlay of ion images shows the tissue-specific spatial distributions of a polyphenol glycoside [M − H] − , m/z 563.14063 (green) detected in the embryonic protection sheath coleoptile/coleorhiza covering the main compartments namely shoot, plumules (first true leaves) and radicle; and a phosphatidylinositol [PI(34 : 2) − H] − , m/z 833.51855 (red) located in the scutellum and endosperm, but absent in the crease. MS images were generated with 150 × 150 pixels; 15 µm pixel size; m/z bin width: Δm/z = ±5 ppm.

Fig

Mass

spectrometry

imaging

in

negative

ion

mode

of

wheat

seed

at

the

soft

dough

stage

a

The

optical

image

of

the

µm

seed

cross

section

shows

the

coleoptile

coleorhiza

Co

scutellum

Sc

the

endosperm

E

the

pericarp

seed

coat

region

PS

and

crease

Cr

Scale

bar

µm

b

Overlay

of

ion

images

shows

the

tissue

specific

spatial

distributions

of

a

polyphenol

glycoside

M

H

m

z

green

detected

in

the

embryonic

protection

sheath

coleoptile

coleorhiza

covering

the

main

compartments

namely

shoot

plumules

first

true

leaves

and

radicle

and

a

phosphatidylinositol

H

m

z

red

located

in

the

scutellum

and

endosperm

but

absent

in

the

crease

MS

images

were

generated

with

pixels

µm

pixel

size

m

z

bin

width

Δm

z

±5

ppm


Figure 1: A CT scan 2 years (A) and 14 years (B) after the initial aortic repair. It shows the enlarged prosthesis diameter of 42 mm (black dotted arrows), which has remained stable over time. Compared with the original dimension, the cross-sectional area of the prosthesis increased by 96%, and the prosthesis wall tension by 40%.

Figure

A

CT

scan

years

A

and

years

B

after

the

initial

aortic

repair

It

shows

the

enlarged

prosthesis

diameter

of

mm

black

dotted

arrows

which

has

remained

stable

over

time

Compared

with

the

original

dimension

the

cross

sectional

area

of

the

prosthesis

increased

by

and

the

prosthesis

wall

tension

by


Figure 9. Coronary CT angiography in a 55-year-old male with history of left main trunk, left anterior descending and circumflex artery stenting: two different reconstructions algorithms (standard in a and sharper in b) are performed using iterative reconstruction techniques and the smallest field of view (8cm). With the sharper reconstruction algorithm, higher image noise is seen as compared with the standard reconstruction, but more details of the proximal circumflex artery severe in-stent restenosis are seen (arrow in b), with a better correlation with catheter coronary angiography (arrow in c).

Figure

Coronary

CT

angiography

in

a

old

male

with

history

of

left

main

trunk

left

anterior

descending

and

circumflex

artery

stenting

two

different

reconstructions

algorithms

standard

in

a

and

sharper

in

b

are

performed

using

iterative

reconstruction

techniques

and

the

smallest

field

of

view

cm

With

the

sharper

reconstruction

algorithm

higher

image

noise

is

seen

as

compared

with

the

standard

reconstruction

but

more

details

of

the

proximal

circumflex

artery

severe

in

stent

restenosis

are

seen

arrow

in

b

with

a

better

correlation

with

catheter

coronary

angiography

arrow

in

c


Fig. 2 Hip revision in the foregoing patient at 6 months postoperatively. A securely fixed acetabular component was confirmed during the revision surgery. Bone ingrowth was shown within the surface of acetabular component (a). b A trabecular metal acetabular component with decreased anteversion was shown on the radiograph after hip revision

Fig

Hip

revision

in

the

foregoing

patient

at

months

postoperatively

A

securely

fixed

acetabular

component

was

confirmed

during

the

revision

surgery

Bone

ingrowth

was

shown

within

the

surface

of

acetabular

component

a

b

A

trabecular

metal

acetabular

component

with

decreased

anteversion

was

shown

on

the

radiograph

after

hip

revision


Figure 10. Artifacts of magnetic susceptibility. a: the artifacts of magnetic susceptibility are clearly visible (circles) on the native images; b: on the cerebral blood flow mapping, they are visible in the form of a focal reduction in perfusion; c-d: the same images acquired after the application of parallel imaging (GRAPPA with a factor 2), reveal a reduction in these artifacts on the native images (c) as well as on the CBF mapping (d).

Figure

Artifacts

of

magnetic

susceptibility

a

the

artifacts

of

magnetic

susceptibility

are

clearly

visible

circles

on

the

native

images

b

on

the

cerebral

blood

flow

mapping

they

are

visible

in

the

form

of

a

focal

reduction

in

perfusion

c

d

the

same

images

acquired

after

the

application

of

parallel

imaging

GRAPPA

with

a

factor

reveal

a

reduction

in

these

artifacts

on

the

native

images

c

as

well

as

on

the

CBF

mapping

d


Fig. 2 Changes in retinal structure seen in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. a Initial fluorescein angiography. b Initial indocyanine green angiography shows numerous polypoidal lesions. c Initial fundus photograph exhibiting reddish-orange nodules and an adjacent detachment of the pigment epithelium. d Fundus photograph at final visit. e Sectional image obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the initial visit. Numerous hyperreflective foci (yellow arrows), as well as subretinal fluid/fibrin (yellow asterisk) are seen. The fibrin appears to have infiltrated the outer retina but appears to be blocked at the external limiting membrane (white arrowheads). The structure of the neurosensory retina seems to be relatively well-preserved. The line of the external limiting membrane is detectable under the fovea. The visual acuity was 0.3 by the Landolt chart. f Sectional image obtained using OCT at the final visit. The visual acuity was 0.9 by the Landolt chart

Fig

Changes

in

retinal

structure

seen

in

polypoidal

choroidal

vasculopathy

a

Initial

fluorescein

angiography

b

Initial

indocyanine

green

angiography

shows

numerous

polypoidal

lesions

c

Initial

fundus

photograph

exhibiting

reddish

orange

nodules

and

an

adjacent

detachment

of

the

pigment

epithelium

d

Fundus

photograph

at

final

visit

e

Sectional

image

obtained

using

optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

at

the

initial

visit

Numerous

hyperreflective

foci

yellow

arrows

as

well

as

subretinal

fluid

fibrin

yellow

asterisk

are

seen

The

fibrin

appears

to

have

infiltrated

the

outer

retina

but

appears

to

be

blocked

at

the

external

limiting

membrane

white

arrowheads

The

structure

of

the

neurosensory

retina

seems

to

be

relatively

well

preserved

The

line

of

the

external

limiting

membrane

is

detectable

under

the

fovea

The

visual

acuity

was

by

the

Landolt

chart

f

Sectional

image

obtained

using

OCT

at

the

final

visit

The

visual

acuity

was

by

the

Landolt

chart


Figure 2. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography on the 21st of hospitalization day. Bilateral hydronephrosis (A, B arrows), thickened bladder wal (C, arrows) and thickened ureteral wals (D, arrow) were observed.

Figure

Contrast

enhanced

abdominal

computed

tomography

on

the

of

hospitalization

day

Bilateral

hydronephrosis

A

B

arrows

thickened

bladder

wal

C

arrows

and

thickened

ureteral

wals

D

arrow

were

observed


Figure 1. The cartilage view on ultrasonography (US), on radiography and during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). On femoral sulcus, axial US-view demonstrates a normal cartilage (white asterisk) without damage (A). On medial femoral condyle, axial parapatellar US-view (patella on the right side, marked as Pat) shows a distinct damage (arrow) on the cartilage (B). The corresponding radiography depicts a clear narrowing (arrow) of the medial joint space (C). Ultimately, the photography of femoral cartilage surfaces taken during the TKA reveals intact femoral sulcus (asterisk) and full-thickness cartilage damage of the medial femoral condyle (arrow) (D).

Figure

The

cartilage

view

on

ultrasonography

US

on

radiography

and

during

total

knee

arthroplasty

TKA

On

femoral

sulcus

axial

US

view

demonstrates

a

normal

cartilage

white

asterisk

without

damage

A

On

medial

femoral

condyle

axial

parapatellar

US

view

patella

on

the

right

side

marked

as

Pat

shows

a

distinct

damage

arrow

on

the

cartilage

B

The

corresponding

radiography

depicts

a

clear

narrowing

arrow

of

the

medial

joint

space

C

Ultimately

the

photography

of

femoral

cartilage

surfaces

taken

during

the

TKA

reveals

intact

femoral

sulcus

asterisk

and

full

thickness

cartilage

damage

of

the

medial

femoral

condyle

arrow

D


Figure 3 - X-ray micro-CT image of molar restored with composite restoration. Note dark region in proximity of gingival margin suggesting gap formation.

Figure

X

ray

micro

CT

image

of

molar

restored

with

composite

restoration

Note

dark

region

in

proximity

of

gingival

margin

suggesting

gap

formation


Fig. 3. Images of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and the hip. (A) The angle of lumbar lordosis (LL) was measured as an angle between line passing through the superior endplates of L1 and S1 by lateral radiograph of the lumber spine. (B) The pelvic incidence (PI) is defined as the angle between the line perpendicular to the sacral slope at its midpoint and the line connecting this point to the axis of the center of the right and left femoral heads by lateral radiograph of the pelvis. (C) On the mid-sagittal MRI, anterior center-edge (ACE) angle which is made by the intersection plane through the center of the femoral head. PT, pelvic tilt; SS, sacral slope; GL, ground line.

Fig

Images

of

the

lumbar

spine

pelvis

and

the

hip

A

The

angle

of

lumbar

lordosis

LL

was

measured

as

an

angle

between

line

passing

through

the

superior

endplates

of

and

by

lateral

radiograph

of

the

lumber

spine

B

The

pelvic

incidence

PI

is

defined

as

the

angle

between

the

line

perpendicular

to

the

sacral

slope

at

its

midpoint

and

the

line

connecting

this

point

to

the

axis

of

the

center

of

the

right

and

left

femoral

heads

by

lateral

radiograph

of

the

pelvis

C

On

the

mid

sagittal

MRI

anterior

center

edge

ACE

angle

which

is

made

by

the

intersection

plane

through

the

center

of

the

femoral

head

PT

pelvic

tilt

SS

sacral

slope

GL

ground

line


Fig. 4 Electron tomography of EPCS and cortical ER. Tomography of EPCS in young roots reveals the complex nature of the ER and its association with the PM. (a) Model overlaid on a slice of the tomographic data to provide context. (b) The modeled cortical cytoplasm with ER shown in green, EPCS are blue, PM is magenta, vesicles are yellow, ribosomes are orange, microtubules are red and plasmodesmata are turquoise. (c) Rotated model to show vesicles interspersed with EPCS. Scale bars represent 200 nm.

Fig

Electron

tomography

of

EPCS

and

cortical

ER

Tomography

of

EPCS

in

young

roots

reveals

the

complex

nature

of

the

ER

and

its

association

with

the

PM

a

Model

overlaid

on

a

slice

of

the

tomographic

data

to

provide

context

b

The

modeled

cortical

cytoplasm

with

ER

shown

in

green

EPCS

are

blue

PM

is

magenta

vesicles

are

yellow

ribosomes

are

orange

microtubules

are

red

and

plasmodesmata

are

turquoise

c

Rotated

model

to

show

vesicles

interspersed

with

EPCS

Scale

bars

represent

nm


Figure 1. Postoperative CT measurements. Septum pellucidum shift (SPS, “E”) was determined using the distance from the midline to the septum pellucidum at the level of the fornix (A). Pineal gland shift (PGS, “F”) was determined using the distance from the midline to the pineal gland (B). Maximal size of the bone flap (“G”) was measured between opposing hemicraniectomy edges on serial axial slices on the post-hemicraniectomy CT (C). The extracranial bulging volume was measured as the volume of the brain tissue beyond the bony window (areas marked with red lines) and the extracranial bulging ratio was defined as the ratio of the extracranial bulging volume to the maximal size of the bone flap (D).

Figure

Postoperative

CT

measurements

Septum

pellucidum

shift

SPS

E

was

determined

using

the

distance

from

the

midline

to

the

septum

pellucidum

at

the

level

of

the

fornix

A

Pineal

gland

shift

PGS

F

was

determined

using

the

distance

from

the

midline

to

the

pineal

gland

B

Maximal

size

of

the

bone

flap

G

was

measured

between

opposing

hemicraniectomy

edges

on

serial

axial

slices

on

the

post

hemicraniectomy

CT

C

The

extracranial

bulging

volume

was

measured

as

the

volume

of

the

brain

tissue

beyond

the

bony

window

areas

marked

with

red

lines

and

the

extracranial

bulging

ratio

was

defined

as

the

ratio

of

the

extracranial

bulging

volume

to

the

maximal

size

of

the

bone

flap

D


Figure 2. Pulse infusion thrombolysis and stent placement. The case is an 83-year-old man with a painful, swolen left leg due to extensive DVT diagnosed by computed tomography. A: Venography showed huge thrombus formation in the iliac and femoral veins, with occlusion of the common iliac vein (white arrow). B: PIT was performed with tissue plasminogen activator, monteplase as a thrombolytic agent through the Cragg-McNamara infusion catheter (white arrowhead). C: Venography after PIT demonstrated the stenosis of common iliac vein (black arrow), and stent deployment was performed, D: Venography after Palmaz 9×42 mm stent deployment and expansion to 10 mm diameter with an angioplasty baloon showed a widely patent common iliac vein (black arrowhead).

Figure

Pulse

infusion

thrombolysis

and

stent

placement

The

case

is

an

old

man

with

a

painful

swolen

left

leg

due

to

extensive

DVT

diagnosed

by

computed

tomography

A

Venography

showed

huge

thrombus

formation

in

the

iliac

and

femoral

veins

with

occlusion

of

the

common

iliac

vein

white

arrow

B

PIT

was

performed

with

tissue

plasminogen

activator

monteplase

as

a

thrombolytic

agent

through

the

Cragg

McNamara

infusion

catheter

white

arrowhead

C

Venography

after

PIT

demonstrated

the

stenosis

of

common

iliac

vein

black

arrow

and

stent

deployment

was

performed

D

Venography

after

Palmaz

mm

stent

deployment

and

expansion

to

mm

diameter

with

an

angioplasty

baloon

showed

a

widely

patent

common

iliac

vein

black

arrowhead


FIGURE 5. Iba1 immunohistochemistry showing increased microglial activation in lipopolysaccharidetreated mice. (A) Coronal brain section of mouse injected with saline. (B) Coronal brain sections of mouse injected with lipopolysaccharide after 72 h. (D and E) Respective ·20 magnification of insets in A and B. (C) Iba1 staining intensity in saline- vs. lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. (F) Ratio of P2X7R expression level to β-actin in saline- vs. lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. (G) Western blot of P2X7R protein expression in cortex of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice after 72 h. Data are mean ± SEM. *P , 0.05, unpaired t test.

FIGURE

immunohistochemistry

showing

increased

microglial

activation

in

lipopolysaccharidetreated

mice

A

Coronal

brain

section

of

mouse

injected

with

saline

B

Coronal

brain

sections

of

mouse

injected

with

lipopolysaccharide

after

h.

D

and

E

Respective

magnification

of

insets

in

A

and

B.

C

staining

intensity

in

saline-

vs.

lipopolysaccharide

treated

mice

F

Ratio

of

expression

level

to

β

actin

in

saline-

vs.

lipopolysaccharide

treated

mice

G

Western

blot

of

protein

expression

in

cortex

of

lipopolysaccharide

treated

mice

after

h.

Data

are

mean

SEM

P

unpaired

t

test


Fig. 1. T-L spine lateral radiograph. He had been treated for an unstable L1 burst fracture using posterior instrumentation on the T12-L2 and anterior interbody fusion with autoiliac bone graft 3 years ago (A), and one year ago he had the posterior instrument removed (B). There was a burst fracture with distraction force on T12 (C), and he underwent in situ posterior pedicle instrumentation on the T10-L3 (D). A B C D

Fig

T

L

spine

lateral

radiograph

He

had

been

treated

for

an

unstable

burst

fracture

using

posterior

instrumentation

on

the

and

anterior

interbody

fusion

with

autoiliac

bone

graft

years

ago

A

and

one

year

ago

he

had

the

posterior

instrument

removed

B

There

was

a

burst

fracture

with

distraction

force

on

C

and

he

underwent

in

situ

posterior

pedicle

instrumentation

on

the

D

A

B

C

D


Fig. 4 Postmortem MRI from non-fixed brains and immunohistochemical staining for APO-E. a postmortem MRI shows only mild white matter hyperintensity in the vicinity of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (arrow), b punctate white matter changes in the subcortical white matter (arrow), c severe patchy confluent white matter damage in deep/subcortical white matter at supraventricular level (arrow), d–i Micrographs showing an overview of apoE expression in representative cases in vessel walls, astrocytes and

Fig

Postmortem

MRI

from

non

fixed

brains

and

immunohistochemical

staining

for

APO

E.

a

postmortem

MRI

shows

only

mild

white

matter

hyperintensity

in

the

vicinity

of

the

posterior

horn

of

the

lateral

ventricle

arrow

b

punctate

white

matter

changes

in

the

subcortical

white

matter

arrow

c

severe

patchy

confluent

white

matter

damage

in

deep

subcortical

white

matter

at

supraventricular

level

arrow

d

i

Micrographs

showing

an

overview

of

apoE

expression

in

representative

cases

in

vessel

walls

astrocytes

and


Fig. 1 Primary operation for pancreatic body cancer. a Multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) showed pancreatic body cancer before the first surgery (arrows). b Pathological findings of the primary tumor were as follows: invasive ductal carcinoma, well-differentiated type, and (T3, N0, M0) stage IIa

Fig

Primary

operation

for

pancreatic

body

cancer

a

Multi

detector

row

computed

tomography

MDCT

showed

pancreatic

body

cancer

before

the

first

surgery

arrows

b

Pathological

findings

of

the

primary

tumor

were

as

follows

invasive

ductal

carcinoma

well

differentiated

type

and

stage

IIa


Fig 6. Mice are protected from lytic bone lesions using bisphosphonates and osteoprotegerin (m OPG). A) Representative CT Scan images of skulls of MuTuDC injected mice (subcutaneously on the calvaria, close to the left parietal bone). Mice were treated with either PBS (control) or the biphosphonate Aclasta B) Representative stereomicroscopic images of skull bones of mice injected as above with PBS (control) or mOPG one week following adoptive transfer of MuTuDCs. Images in A and B show the absence of bone lesions after Aclasta or mOPG treatments. Arrow indicates the site of MuTuDC injections. Data are from a single experiment representative of two independent experiments. Five mice per group in each experiment. Similar results were obtained after i.v. injection of MuTuDCs (data not shown). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133917.g006

Fig

Mice

are

protected

from

lytic

bone

lesions

using

bisphosphonates

and

osteoprotegerin

m

OPG

A

Representative

CT

Scan

images

of

skulls

of

MuTuDC

injected

mice

subcutaneously

on

the

calvaria

close

to

the

left

parietal

bone

Mice

were

treated

with

either

PBS

control

or

the

biphosphonate

Aclasta

B

Representative

stereomicroscopic

images

of

skull

bones

of

mice

injected

as

above

with

PBS

control

or

mOPG

one

week

following

adoptive

transfer

of

MuTuDCs

Images

in

A

and

B

show

the

absence

of

bone

lesions

after

Aclasta

or

mOPG

treatments

Arrow

indicates

the

site

of

MuTuDC

injections

Data

are

from

a

single

experiment

representative

of

two

independent

experiments

Five

mice

per

group

in

each

experiment

Similar

results

were

obtained

after

i.v

injection

of

MuTuDCs

data

not

shown


Figure 1 Photomicrograph of immunoperoxidase staining of astrocytes infected with VEE or mock-infected. Mock-infected controls show no staining (A). Early time points post-VEE infection (B, 18 h) demonstrate morphologic changes in astrocyte cultures including nuclear condensation and fragmentation (arrows), but no positive staining for VEE. Time points 24 and 48 h (C and D, respectively) reveal positive brown staining for VEE and cytopathic effects to primary astrocyte cultures. Scale bar=10 mm.

Figure

Photomicrograph

of

immunoperoxidase

staining

of

astrocytes

infected

with

VEE

or

mock

infected

Mock

infected

controls

show

no

staining

A

Early

time

points

post

VEE

infection

B

h

demonstrate

morphologic

changes

in

astrocyte

cultures

including

nuclear

condensation

and

fragmentation

arrows

but

no

positive

staining

for

VEE

Time

points

and

h

C

and

D

respectively

reveal

positive

brown

staining

for

VEE

and

cytopathic

effects

to

primary

astrocyte

cultures

Scale

mm


Figure 1. HP He MRI static ventilation center coronal slice images. a: Healthy volunteer, 45-year-old female with FEV 1 predicted ¼ 118%. b: COPD, 79-year-old male with FEV 1 predicted ¼ 54%. c: Asthma subject at baseline without provocation, 26-year-old male with FEV 1 predicted ¼ 77%. d: Cystic fibrosis, 23-year-old female with FEV 1 predicted ¼ 58%.

Figure

HP

He

MRI

static

ventilation

center

coronal

slice

images

a

Healthy

volunteer

old

female

with

FEV

predicted

¼

b

COPD

old

male

with

FEV

predicted

¼

c

Asthma

subject

at

baseline

without

provocation

old

male

with

FEV

predicted

¼

d

Cystic

fibrosis

old

female

with

FEV

predicted

¼


FIGURE 1 Planar views of the cephalic region of the embryonic chick sternae. (a) Photographed by transmitted light, unstained sternum dissected from a 17-d embryo, showing the more translucent areas of cartilage. Sternae were divided in half as shown by the solid white line. One half was used for histology. Transverse histological sections were taken from the region shown by the arrow. The region enclosed by the dashed line shows the area of cartilage for tissue culture and collagen synthesis studies. (b) 19-d embryonic chick sternum cleared with the Spalterholtz technique and stained for calcium with alizarin. Note that calcification has occurred directly over the more transparent areas seen in Fig. la. Bar, 1 ram. x 6.

FIGURE

Planar

views

of

the

cephalic

region

of

the

embryonic

chick

sternae

a

Photographed

by

transmitted

light

unstained

sternum

dissected

from

a

embryo

showing

the

more

translucent

areas

of

cartilage

Sternae

were

divided

in

half

as

shown

by

the

solid

white

line

One

half

was

used

for

histology

Transverse

histological

sections

were

taken

from

the

region

shown

by

the

arrow

The

region

enclosed

by

the

dashed

line

shows

the

area

of

cartilage

for

tissue

culture

and

collagen

synthesis

studies

b

embryonic

chick

sternum

cleared

with

the

Spalterholtz

technique

and

stained

for

calcium

with

alizarin

Note

that

calcification

has

occurred

directly

over

the

more

transparent

areas

seen

in

Fig

la

Bar

ram

x


Figure 3: 64 year old male with fibromuscular dysplasia. A and B: Sagittal and sagittal oblique images through the left internal carotid artery show a markedly tortuous appearing vessel, with a beaded appearance and focal segments of aneurismal dilatation. Sagittal image through a segment of the left vertebral artery (C), which has a similar appearance, with the vessel appearing tortuous with an irregular beaded contour. (CTA protocol: 300 mAs, 120 kV, 1 mm slice thickness, pitch/rotation time 0.9/0.5s, 100 mL of Optiray 320 contrast injected at 5 mL/second).

Figure

year

old

male

with

fibromuscular

dysplasia

A

and

B

Sagittal

and

sagittal

oblique

images

through

the

left

internal

carotid

artery

show

a

markedly

tortuous

appearing

vessel

with

a

beaded

appearance

and

focal

segments

of

aneurismal

dilatation

Sagittal

image

through

a

segment

of

the

left

vertebral

artery

C

which

has

a

similar

appearance

with

the

vessel

appearing

tortuous

with

an

irregular

beaded

contour

CTA

protocol

mAs

kV

mm

slice

thickness

pitch

rotation

time

mL

of

Optiray

contrast

injected

at

mL

second


Figure 8 (a) Hemisected cervical spine, showing anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and intervertebral disc rupture. The spinal cord is extremely swollen with wrinkled lepto meninges. (b) Sagittal section of the spinal cord, showing complete transverse haemorrhagic necrosis below C3.

Figure

a

Hemisected

cervical

spine

showing

anterior

and

posterior

longitudinal

ligaments

and

intervertebral

disc

rupture

The

spinal

cord

is

extremely

swollen

with

wrinkled

lepto

meninges

b

Sagittal

section

of

the

spinal

cord

showing

complete

transverse

haemorrhagic

necrosis

below


Figure 10. First pass perfusion imaging (left) allows bright gadolinium contrast to clearly outline the mass. Delayed contrast 4- chamber view (right) shows heterogeneous enhancement of the mass (see arrows). The internal non-enhancing area likely corresponds with a region of necrosis.

Figure

First

pass

perfusion

imaging

left

allows

bright

gadolinium

contrast

to

clearly

outline

the

mass

Delayed

contrast

chamber

view

right

shows

heterogeneous

enhancement

of

the

mass

see

arrows

The

internal

non

enhancing

area

likely

corresponds

with

a

region

of

necrosis


Fig. 2. (A) A preoperative DWI image showed acute infarctions in the left frontal cortex and corona radiata. (B) A postoperative DWI image showed mildly decreased signal intensity at the same infarct area. DWI, diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Fig

A

A

preoperative

DWI

image

showed

acute

infarctions

in

the

left

frontal

cortex

and

corona

radiata

B

A

postoperative

DWI

image

showed

mildly

decreased

signal

intensity

at

the

same

infarct

area

DWI

diffusionweighted

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Fig. 9 A 15-year-old girl with osteosarcoma of the right distal femur presented with new widespread metastases to bones, soft tissues and lungs, prompting a search for an intracardiac source. a Axial noncontrast and (b) contrast-enhanced chest CT images show subtle mineralized myocardial metastasis (arrows) within the interventricular septum. c Myocardial enhancement phase image from an fast gradient recalled echo first pass perfusion sequence in the four-chamber view shows enhancement of the metastasis around the calcium-related signal void (arrow). The girl had similar metastasis along the left ventricular free wall (not shown). The two intracardiac metastases were resected and proved to be metastatic osteosarcoma. The girl died 7 months after cardiac surgery

Fig

A

old

girl

with

osteosarcoma

of

the

right

distal

femur

presented

with

new

widespread

metastases

to

bones

soft

tissues

and

lungs

prompting

a

search

for

an

intracardiac

source

a

Axial

noncontrast

and

b

contrast

enhanced

chest

CT

images

show

subtle

mineralized

myocardial

metastasis

arrows

within

the

interventricular

septum

c

Myocardial

enhancement

phase

image

from

an

fast

gradient

recalled

echo

first

pass

perfusion

sequence

in

the

four

chamber

view

shows

enhancement

of

the

metastasis

around

the

calcium

related

signal

void

arrow

The

girl

had

similar

metastasis

along

the

left

ventricular

free

wall

not

shown

The

two

intracardiac

metastases

were

resected

and

proved

to

be

metastatic

osteosarcoma

The

girl

died

months

after

cardiac

surgery


Fig. 2. (a) X-ray micro CT (µCT) images of bone formation within the region of interest (ROI). Bone ingrowth was quantified at (b,c) 2, (d,e) 6 and (f,g) 12 weeks post-operation. Arrows indicate the newly regenerated bone in the uncoated (green) and silver coated group (red). (h) The amount of bone ingrowth, expressed as the percentage bone volume within ROI as measured by µCT. Statistical significance (*) was considered where p < 0.05. Scale bars 500 µm.

Fig

a

X

ray

micro

CT

µCT

images

of

bone

formation

within

the

region

of

interest

ROI

Bone

ingrowth

was

quantified

at

b

c

d

e

and

f

g

weeks

post

operation

Arrows

indicate

the

newly

regenerated

bone

in

the

uncoated

green

and

silver

coated

group

red

h

The

amount

of

bone

ingrowth

expressed

as

the

percentage

bone

volume

within

ROI

as

measured

by

µCT

Statistical

significance

was

considered

where

p

Scale

bars

µm


Fig. 3. Left picture indicates that oblique magnetic resonance imaging section bisecting the exiting root (yellow dot) and the facet joint (green interrupted boundary) taken at the level of lower end plate level as seen on sagittal view. Right picture indicates that the sides of this triangle (yellow border) are bound by the exiting nerve root (the hypotenuse), the facet i.e., superior articular process of inferior vertebra (the vertical limb) and the lower end plate level (the base). Red circle in the right picture represents the cannula within the bony Kambin’s triangle. F.J. : facet joint, E.N.R. : exiting nerve root.

Fig

Left

picture

indicates

that

oblique

magnetic

resonance

imaging

section

bisecting

the

exiting

root

yellow

dot

and

the

facet

joint

green

interrupted

boundary

taken

at

the

level

of

lower

end

plate

level

as

seen

on

sagittal

view

Right

picture

indicates

that

the

sides

of

this

triangle

yellow

border

are

bound

by

the

exiting

nerve

root

the

hypotenuse

the

facet

i.e.

superior

articular

process

of

inferior

vertebra

the

vertical

limb

and

the

lower

end

plate

level

the

base

Red

circle

in

the

right

picture

represents

the

cannula

within

the

bony

Kambin

’s

triangle

F.J.

facet

joint

E.N.R.

exiting

nerve

root


Figure 14. (a) Tomography of a Ti-based porous dental implant for osseointegration improvement; and (b) detail of the inner structure and porous surface (courtesy of Louis-Philippe Lefebvre).

Figure

a

Tomography

of

a

Ti

based

porous

dental

implant

for

osseointegration

improvement

and

b

detail

of

the

inner

structure

and

porous

surface

courtesy

of

Louis

Philippe

Lefebvre


Fig. 6. (A) Dystopic os odontoideum with the odontoid fragment fused to the basion. (B, C) Sagittal and coronal images show orthotopic os odontoideum with round margins and wider clear space between the ossicle and axis to be differentiated from nonunion odontoid (D, E).

Fig

A

Dystopic

os

odontoideum

with

the

odontoid

fragment

fused

to

the

basion

B

C

Sagittal

and

coronal

images

show

orthotopic

os

odontoideum

with

round

margins

and

wider

clear

space

between

the

ossicle

and

axis

to

be

differentiated

from

nonunion

odontoid

D

E


Figure 1 (a) T2W left parasagittal image of the cervical spine in Patient 1 showing the site of injury (arrow head); (b) Mid-sagittal T2W image showing intramedullary hyperintensity between C4–C6 (injury zone). The segments of the cord demarcated by the dotted line were selected for tractography; (c) Axial T2W image at the injury site showing ill-defined hyperintensity within the left hemicord. Block arrow shows the direction of injury; (d) Axial FA map at the injury site showing obliteration of the cord structure (solid line) particularly within the left hemicord (block arrow) (A—anterior, P—posterior); (e) Anterior view of fiber tracts around the site of injury (arrow head) shows disrupted white matter tracts and low anisotropic fibers on the left half of the cord (color bar represents mean anisotropy) (R—right, L—left). A full color version of this figure is available at the Spinal Cord journal online.

Figure

a

left

parasagittal

image

of

the

cervical

spine

in

Patient

showing

the

site

of

injury

arrow

head

b

Mid

sagittal

image

showing

intramedullary

hyperintensity

between

injury

zone

The

segments

of

the

cord

demarcated

by

the

dotted

line

were

selected

for

tractography

c

Axial

image

at

the

injury

site

showing

ill

defined

hyperintensity

within

the

left

hemicord

Block

arrow

shows

the

direction

of

injury

d

Axial

FA

map

at

the

injury

site

showing

obliteration

of

the

cord

structure

solid

line

particularly

within

the

left

hemicord

block

arrow

A

anterior

P

posterior

e

Anterior

view

of

fiber

tracts

around

the

site

of

injury

arrow

head

shows

disrupted

white

matter

tracts

and

low

anisotropic

fibers

on

the

left

half

of

the

cord

color

bar

represents

mean

anisotropy

R

right

L

left

A

full

color

version

of

this

figure

is

available

at

the

Spinal

Cord

journal

online


Figure 2. (A) Two-dimensional ultrasound image and (B) contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography images of the kidney in which the left side exhibits complication with hydronephrosis. A contrast agent was present in the upper collecting system (arrow head) and an expanded tortuous ureter was observed (arrow). The contrast agent did not appear in the lower collecting system (star).

Figure

A

Two

dimensional

ultrasound

image

and

B

contrast

enhanced

voiding

urosonography

images

of

the

kidney

in

which

the

left

side

exhibits

complication

with

hydronephrosis

A

contrast

agent

was

present

in

the

upper

collecting

system

arrow

head

and

an

expanded

tortuous

ureter

was

observed

arrow

The

contrast

agent

did

not

appear

in

the

lower

collecting

system

star


Figure 1 Lateral cephalometric radiograph (a) and dental pantomogram (b) of a patient, with a palatally displaced canine. The sella turcica is partially calcifi ed.

Figure

Lateral

cephalometric

radiograph

a

and

dental

pantomogram

b

of

a

patient

with

a

palatally

displaced

canine

The

sella

turcica

is

partially

calcifi

ed


Figure 3 | Synchrotron hard X-ray nano-tomography of surface new phase. (a,b) FIB milling process at the surface of C/LiFePO4 ingot sample. (c) The 3D morphology of the FIB sample. (d) The 2D chemical mapping of selected zone (white dashed box) at the FIB sample. (e) Fe K-edge of XANES profile of selected points in d. Scale bar, 20mm (a,b), 5mm (c) and 2 mm (d).

Figure

Synchrotron

hard

X

ray

nano

tomography

of

surface

new

phase

a

b

FIB

milling

process

at

the

surface

of

C

ingot

sample

c

The

morphology

of

the

FIB

sample

d

The

chemical

mapping

of

selected

zone

white

dashed

box

at

the

FIB

sample

e

Fe

K

edge

of

XANES

profile

of

selected

points

in

d.

Scale

bar

mm

a

b

mm

c

and

mm

d


Fig. 1 99mTc-DTPA-galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) liver scintigraphy showed normal accumulation of GSA in non-neoplastic lesion (a). Each gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed pre-contrast T1-weighted image (b), arterial dominant phase (c), portaldominant phase (d), transitional phase (e), and hepatobiliary phase (f). Hepatobiliary phase showed slight enhance with poor contrast enhancement to spleen or vessels in non-neoplastic site

Fig

DTPA

galactosyl

human

serum

albumin

GSA

liver

scintigraphy

showed

normal

accumulation

of

GSA

in

non

neoplastic

lesion

a

Each

gadolinium

ethoxybenzyl

diethylene

triamine

pentaacetic

acid

Gd

EOB

DTPA)-enhanced

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

showed

pre

contrast

image

b

arterial

dominant

phase

c

portaldominant

phase

d

transitional

phase

e

and

hepatobiliary

phase

f

Hepatobiliary

phase

showed

slight

enhance

with

poor

contrast

enhancement

to

spleen

or

vessels

in

non

neoplastic

site


Fig. 1. MRI T2-weighted images showing hyperintensities (arrows) in the brainstem and spinal cord. A: Brainstem, sagittal view. B: Brainstem, axial view. C: Spinal cord, sagittal view.

Fig

MRI

images

showing

hyperintensities

arrows

in

the

brainstem

and

spinal

cord

A

Brainstem

sagittal

view

B

Brainstem

axial

view

C

Spinal

cord

sagittal

view


Figure 1. Abdominal CT. A) Plain abdominal CT on the first hospital day. B) Enhanced abdominal CT on the 8th hospital day. C) Crescent-shaped enhanced area (arrows).

Figure

Abdominal

CT

A

Plain

abdominal

CT

on

the

first

hospital

day

B

Enhanced

abdominal

CT

on

the

hospital

day

C

Crescent

shaped

enhanced

area

arrows


Fig. 4 Case 3 with typical SBT. 25-year-old woman with left ovarian typical SBT. Axial T2WI (a) shows a left ovarian cystic mass with intracystic mural nodules. The largest papillary nodule (arrows) demonstrates inhomogeneous slight hyperintensity in the internal portion and hyperintensity equal to SI of cystic content in the external portion. The normal right ovary is present (arrowheads). After administration of gadolinium DTPA, the mural nodules are enhanced and the conspicuity is increased (b). On DWI, the internal portion of the largest papillary nodule shows hyperintensity equal to the SI of uterine endometrium (arrowhead) but the external portion (arrows) shows less signal intensity. c A photomicrograph of the area corresponding to the largest papillary nodule (d) shows that foci with densely branched papillae with little space among papillae are frequently found in the internal portion (arrows), corresponding to inhomogeneous slight hyperintensity on T2WI. In contrast, a loose papillary architecture of peripheral vegetation with edema (arrowheads) tends to be observed in the external portion, corresponding to hyperintensity on T2WI

Fig

Case

with

typical

SBT

old

woman

with

left

ovarian

typical

SBT

Axial

a

shows

a

left

ovarian

cystic

mass

with

intracystic

mural

nodules

The

largest

papillary

nodule

arrows

demonstrates

inhomogeneous

slight

hyperintensity

in

the

internal

portion

and

hyperintensity

equal

to

SI

of

cystic

content

in

the

external

portion

The

normal

right

ovary

is

present

arrowheads

After

administration

of

gadolinium

DTPA

the

mural

nodules

are

enhanced

and

the

conspicuity

is

increased

b

On

DWI

the

internal

portion

of

the

largest

papillary

nodule

shows

hyperintensity

equal

to

the

SI

of

uterine

endometrium

arrowhead

but

the

external

portion

arrows

shows

less

signal

intensity

c

A

photomicrograph

of

the

area

corresponding

to

the

largest

papillary

nodule

d

shows

that

foci

with

densely

branched

papillae

with

little

space

among

papillae

are

frequently

found

in

the

internal

portion

arrows

corresponding

to

inhomogeneous

slight

hyperintensity

on

In

contrast

a

loose

papillary

architecture

of

peripheral

vegetation

with

edema

arrowheads

tends

to

be

observed

in

the

external

portion

corresponding

to

hyperintensity

on


Fig. 2. Sagittal section of skin–muscle tissue taken from the scapular region of a rat (body weight ca. 200 g) showing, from top to bottom, a epidermis, b dermis, c skin (panniculus) muscle, d subcutaneous connective tissue, and e skeletal muscle of trunk. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bar=0.5 mm

Fig

Sagittal

section

of

skin

muscle

tissue

taken

from

the

scapular

region

of

a

rat

body

weight

ca

g

showing

from

top

to

bottom

a

epidermis

b

dermis

c

skin

panniculus

muscle

d

subcutaneous

connective

tissue

and

e

skeletal

muscle

of

trunk

Hematoxylin

eosin

staining

mm


Fig. 3A–C (A) A loose and dislocated glenoid component has resulted in massive glenoid bone loss in this failed total shoulder arthroplasty (Patient 9). (B) An initial postoperative radiograph shows the structural allograft has been fixed into the glenoid defect. (C) A 2- year postoperative radiograph shows substantial subsidence of the graft and uncovering of the screws.

Fig

C

A

A

loose

and

dislocated

glenoid

component

has

resulted

in

massive

glenoid

bone

loss

in

this

failed

total

shoulder

arthroplasty

Patient

B

An

initial

postoperative

radiograph

shows

the

structural

allograft

has

been

fixed

into

the

glenoid

defect

C

A

year

postoperative

radiograph

shows

substantial

subsidence

of

the

graft

and

uncovering

of

the

screws


Figure 6 Immunogold labelling of transgenic HSA-expressing chloroplasts. (a) Chloroplast (chl) labelled with anti-HSA antibody, where gold particles concentrate exclusively in the protein body (pb). (b) Anti-HSA immunogold labelling of a chloroplast expressing Trx–HSA fusion. Gold particles decorate exclusively the protein bodies, independently of their size. (c–e) Double immunolocalization of HSA (5 nm gold particles) and Trx (10 nm gold particles) in chloroplasts co-expressing both proteins. The signal corresponding to both proteins is found exclusively within the chloroplast, where it is distributed mostly with a dispersed pattern. However, some clusters are observed (arrowheads) where particles of anti-HSA and anti-Trx can be clearly seen to co-localize (d and e). ct: cytoplasm; mit: mitochondria. Bars in a–b: 200 nm; c–e: 100 nm. Trx, thioredoxin; HSA, human serum albumin.

Figure

Immunogold

labelling

of

transgenic

HSA

expressing

chloroplasts

a

Chloroplast

chl

labelled

with

anti

HSA

antibody

where

gold

particles

concentrate

exclusively

in

the

protein

body

pb

b

Anti

HSA

immunogold

labelling

of

a

chloroplast

expressing

Trx

HSA

fusion

Gold

particles

decorate

exclusively

the

protein

bodies

independently

of

their

size

c

e

Double

immunolocalization

of

HSA

nm

gold

particles

and

Trx

nm

gold

particles

in

chloroplasts

co

expressing

both

proteins

The

signal

corresponding

to

both

proteins

is

found

exclusively

within

the

chloroplast

where

it

is

distributed

mostly

with

a

dispersed

pattern

However

some

clusters

are

observed

arrowheads

where

particles

of

anti

HSA

and

anti

Trx

can

be

clearly

seen

to

co

localize

d

and

e

ct

cytoplasm

mit

mitochondria

Bars

in

a

b

nm

c

e

nm

Trx

thioredoxin

HSA

human

serum

albumin


Figure 1 Extravillous trophoblast cells in the human uterine cavity. Immunocytochemical staining in utero with an antibody against HLA-G (and Hemalaun nuclear counterstain) in paraffin sections of an archived placenta (most likely early first trimester). The dark brown labeling of HLA-G serves as a marker for extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells in the invasive zone between fetal and maternal regions. (a) An overview at the margin of the placenta showing villi and intervillous space, decidua basalis, decidua parietalis, decidua capsularis and the uterine cavity, as labeled. Details of the red insets in (a) follow: (b) demonstrates endoglandular EVTs (arrows) in the lumen of a gland near the edge of the placenta. (c) Shows an HLA-G positive EVT cell (arrow) located in the uterine cavity. (d) Shows an EVT cell (arrow) that has replaced the uterine epithelium, while others nearby approach the epithelium. (e) Shows another EVT cell located in the uterine cavity, possibly surrounded by glandular secretions.

Figure

Extravillous

trophoblast

cells

in

the

human

uterine

cavity

Immunocytochemical

staining

in

utero

with

an

antibody

against

HLA

G

and

Hemalaun

nuclear

counterstain

in

paraffin

sections

of

an

archived

placenta

most

likely

early

first

trimester

The

dark

brown

labeling

of

HLA

G

serves

as

a

marker

for

extravillous

trophoblast

EVT

cells

in

the

invasive

zone

between

fetal

and

maternal

regions

a

An

overview

at

the

margin

of

the

placenta

showing

villi

and

intervillous

space

decidua

basalis

decidua

parietalis

decidua

capsularis

and

the

uterine

cavity

as

labeled

Details

of

the

red

insets

in

a

follow

b

demonstrates

endoglandular

EVTs

arrows

in

the

lumen

of

a

gland

near

the

edge

of

the

placenta

c

Shows

an

HLA

G

positive

EVT

cell

arrow

located

in

the

uterine

cavity

d

Shows

an

EVT

cell

arrow

that

has

replaced

the

uterine

epithelium

while

others

nearby

approach

the

epithelium

e

Shows

another

EVT

cell

located

in

the

uterine

cavity

possibly

surrounded

by

glandular

secretions


Fig. 2. T2 weighted MRIs show low signal changes like bone mass in sagittal view (A) and transverse view (B). These mass lesions show homogenous densities and slightly destructed cortex, red arrow: suspect ed mass lesions.

Fig

weighted

MRIs

show

low

signal

changes

like

bone

mass

in

sagittal

view

A

and

transverse

view

B

These

mass

lesions

show

homogenous

densities

and

slightly

destructed

cortex

red

arrow

suspect

ed

mass

lesions


FIG. 2. a-c. Transabdominal fetal ultrasound at 34th week. A central stripe in the well circumscribed left suprarenal mass demonstrates the normal adrenal gland (arrow) (a). On Doppler examination the mass has no vascularization (b). Transabdominal fetal ultrasound at 36th week of left adrenal mass. A perirenal anechoic fluid indicates hemorrhage that ruptures from the capsule of the adrenal gland (arrow) (c).

FIG

a

c

Transabdominal

fetal

ultrasound

at

week

A

central

stripe

in

the

well

circumscribed

left

suprarenal

mass

demonstrates

the

normal

adrenal

gland

arrow

a

On

Doppler

examination

the

mass

has

no

vascularization

b

Transabdominal

fetal

ultrasound

at

week

of

left

adrenal

mass

A

perirenal

anechoic

fluid

indicates

hemorrhage

that

ruptures

from

the

capsule

of

the

adrenal

gland

arrow

c


Figure 1 Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) showing an intimal flap in the left main coronary artery (LM) and proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (A). Image (B) shows the CCTA of right coronary artery (RCA) and its zoomed detail. Coronary angiography of the LAD in the right anterior oblique view (C). Note diffuse lumen narrowing involving the LM and the proximal and mid LAD (arrows). Coronary angiography of the RCA in the left anterior oblique view (D). Distal intraluminal linear filling defect is noted (arrows). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) from distal (E) to proximal (H ) in the LAD. Panel E indicates the intact three-layer aspect of the LAD just beyond the dissection. OCT depicting the presence of intramural haematoma in the LM (H, asterisk) and throughout the entire proximal and mid LAD (F and G, asterisk), showing an intimal flap (arrows) most likely as an entry point. OCT from distal (I ) to proximal (L) in the RCA. Images showing double lumen morphology (I and J ) with intimomedial dissection separating the true lumen (where probe is located) from the false lumen. Panel K shows the presence of intramural haematoma (asterisk). Panel L shows an intact coronary segment at mid-RCA.

Figure

Cardiac

computed

tomography

angiography

CCTA

showing

an

intimal

flap

in

the

left

main

coronary

artery

LM

and

proximal

left

anterior

descending

coronary

artery

LAD

A

Image

B

shows

the

CCTA

of

right

coronary

artery

RCA

and

its

zoomed

detail

Coronary

angiography

of

the

LAD

in

the

right

anterior

oblique

view

C

Note

diffuse

lumen

narrowing

involving

the

LM

and

the

proximal

and

mid

LAD

arrows

Coronary

angiography

of

the

RCA

in

the

left

anterior

oblique

view

D

Distal

intraluminal

linear

filling

defect

is

noted

arrows

Optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

from

distal

E

to

proximal

H

in

the

LAD

Panel

E

indicates

the

intact

three

layer

aspect

of

the

LAD

just

beyond

the

dissection

OCT

depicting

the

presence

of

intramural

haematoma

in

the

LM

H

asterisk

and

throughout

the

entire

proximal

and

mid

LAD

F

and

G

asterisk

showing

an

intimal

flap

arrows

most

likely

as

an

entry

point

OCT

from

distal

I

to

proximal

L

in

the

RCA

Images

showing

double

lumen

morphology

I

and

J

with

intimomedial

dissection

separating

the

true

lumen

where

probe

is

located

from

the

false

lumen

Panel

K

shows

the

presence

of

intramural

haematoma

asterisk

Panel

L

shows

an

intact

coronary

segment

at

mid

RCA


Figure 1. Preoperative CTA (A) showed an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm loc (white arrow in A) and an aortic pseudoaneurysm located in the anterior wall of the e ev3 Inc.) was intraoperatively (B, C) placed in the superior mesenteric artery (white a shaped scallop could be aligned to the opening of the mesenteric artery. The target B) so that they were always visible in fluoroscopy imaging. Using the approach from fenestrations (C). The CTA follow-up at 6 months after surgery showed that (D) t smooth and that the pseudoaneurysm was isolated completely, with no endolea

Figure

Preoperative

CTA

A

showed

an

abdominal

aortic

pseudoaneurysm

loc

white

arrow

in

A

and

an

aortic

pseudoaneurysm

located

in

the

anterior

wall

of

the

e

Inc.

was

intraoperatively

B

C

placed

in

the

superior

mesenteric

artery

white

a

shaped

scallop

could

be

aligned

to

the

opening

of

the

mesenteric

artery

The

target

B

so

that

they

were

always

visible

in

fluoroscopy

imaging

Using

the

approach

from

fenestrations

C

The

CTA

follow

up

at

months

after

surgery

showed

that

D

t

smooth

and

that

the

pseudoaneurysm

was

isolated

completely

with

no

endolea


Fig. 1. A 63-year-old female underwent left total knee arthroplasty. A. Note the degradation of the image quality of the 3.5 cm-long segment (between the two arrows) in the popliteal fossa on the threedimensional volume rendered image. B. An axial CT image shows the non-enhancing, low-attenuated lesions surrounded by contrast material within the left calf veins (asterisks). C. Color Doppler sonography reveals a hypoechoic lesion partially obstructing the left calf vein. There were blood flow signals surrounding the lesion.

Fig

A

old

female

underwent

left

total

knee

arthroplasty

A.

Note

the

degradation

of

the

image

quality

of

the

cm

long

segment

between

the

two

arrows

in

the

popliteal

fossa

on

the

threedimensional

volume

rendered

image

B.

An

axial

CT

image

shows

the

non

enhancing

low

attenuated

lesions

surrounded

by

contrast

material

within

the

left

calf

veins

asterisks

C.

Color

Doppler

sonography

reveals

a

hypoechoic

lesion

partially

obstructing

the

left

calf

vein

There

were

blood

flow

signals

surrounding

the

lesion


Figure 1. Standard venous phase (A) and excretory phase (B). Axial MDCT showed circular urothelial thickening of the upper ureter with no filling defects. Potential differential diagnosis were urothelial cancer, inflammatory disease and peristalsis in the ureter.

Figure

Standard

venous

phase

A

and

excretory

phase

B

Axial

MDCT

showed

circular

urothelial

thickening

of

the

upper

ureter

with

no

filling

defects

Potential

differential

diagnosis

were

urothelial

cancer

inflammatory

disease

and

peristalsis

in

the

ureter


Figure 8. AP pelvis radiograph (a) and lateral view (b) 12 weeks after revision of the left acetabular shell and exchange to a polyethylene acetabular liner and a ceramic femoral head.

Figure

AP

pelvis

radiograph

a

and

lateral

view

b

weeks

after

revision

of

the

left

acetabular

shell

and

exchange

to

a

polyethylene

acetabular

liner

and

a

ceramic

femoral

head


Fig. 3 Magnetic resonance imaging 1 week after the starting date of steroid treatment. a Sagittal: T2 signal hyperintensity lesion between T5 and T8 spinal levels was unclear. b Axial: T2 signal hyperintensity lesion in the center of the spinal cord at T7 spinal level shrunk

Fig

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

week

after

the

starting

date

of

steroid

treatment

a

Sagittal

signal

hyperintensity

lesion

between

and

spinal

levels

was

unclear

b

Axial

signal

hyperintensity

lesion

in

the

center

of

the

spinal

cord

at

spinal

level

shrunk


Figure 6. A representative image set for quantitative analysis of dual-energy CT of a cardiac tumor. Three modes of images were obtained using dual-energy CT: (A) a monochromatic 70 keV image representing the post-contrast CT image, (B) a MSI image representing the pre-contrast CT image, and (C) an iodine (water) image; A volume of interest covering the entire cardiac mass was drawn on the image of each mode on the identical level of the cardiac tumor.

Figure

A

representative

image

set

for

quantitative

analysis

of

dual

energy

CT

of

a

cardiac

tumor

Three

modes

of

images

were

obtained

using

dual

energy

CT

A

a

monochromatic

keV

image

representing

the

post

contrast

CT

image

B

a

MSI

image

representing

the

pre

contrast

CT

image

and

C

an

iodine

water

image

A

volume

of

interest

covering

the

entire

cardiac

mass

was

drawn

on

the

image

of

each

mode

on

the

identical

level

of

the

cardiac

tumor


Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the cross-section of PZT-PWAS: (a) at room temperature; (b) after exposure to 250 • C temperature; (c) after exposure to 225 kGy nuclear radiation.

Figure

Scanning

electron

microscopy

SEM

image

of

the

cross

section

of

PZT

PWAS

a

at

room

temperature

b

after

exposure

to

C

temperature

c

after

exposure

to

kGy

nuclear

radiation


FIG. 1. Example healthy volunteer MRSI grid placement for: above the corpus callosum sagittal (A) and axial (B) views and the basal ganglia sagittal (C) and axial (D) views. Water line width map is included for corpus callosum (B) and basal ganglia (D) for the PRESS excitation region.

FIG

Example

healthy

volunteer

MRSI

grid

placement

for

above

the

corpus

callosum

sagittal

A

and

axial

B

views

and

the

basal

ganglia

sagittal

C

and

axial

D

views

Water

line

width

map

is

included

for

corpus

callosum

B

and

basal

ganglia

D

for

the

PRESS

excitation

region


Figure 2 Iris and ciliary body tumour in the right eye of a 72-year-old woman (a) treated with cyclo-iridectomy. On high-frequency ultrasonography the tumour measured 3.0 by 3.5 mm basally, with a thickness of 1.5 mm (b). One clock hour of ciliary body was involved. Six weeks after surgery, the visual acuity was 6/9 (c). Ultrasound scan showing the resection site (d). Histopathology showed the melanoma to be of spindle-cell type with no chromosome 3 loss.

Figure

Iris

and

ciliary

body

tumour

in

the

right

eye

of

a

old

woman

a

treated

with

cyclo

iridectomy

On

high

frequency

ultrasonography

the

tumour

measured

by

mm

basally

with

a

thickness

of

mm

b

One

clock

hour

of

ciliary

body

was

involved

Six

weeks

after

surgery

the

visual

acuity

was

c

Ultrasound

scan

showing

the

resection

site

d

Histopathology

showed

the

melanoma

to

be

of

spindle

cell

type

with

no

chromosome

loss


Fig. 1. Axial (A) and coronal (B) view of preoperative computed tomography image. Fibrous dysplasia is manifested in the left zygoma.

Fig

Axial

A

and

coronal

B

view

of

preoperative

computed

tomography

image

Fibrous

dysplasia

is

manifested

in

the

left

zygoma


Fig 4. An example of HRCT axial view and 3D-cHRCT images of lung with mild-IP. An example of HRCT axial view and 3D-cHRCT images of lung with mild-IP. (a) HRCT axial view and 3D-HRCT image of the left lung; (b) anterior view, (c) anterolateral view, (d) right lateral view, (e) posterolateral view, (f) posterior view. % HAA values of this case was 6.74%. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185532.g004

Fig

An

example

of

HRCT

axial

view

and

cHRCT

images

of

lung

with

mild

IP

An

example

of

HRCT

axial

view

and

cHRCT

images

of

lung

with

mild

IP

a

HRCT

axial

view

and

HRCT

image

of

the

left

lung

b

anterior

view

c

anterolateral

view

d

right

lateral

view

e

posterolateral

view

f

posterior

view

HAA

values

of

this

case

was


Fig. 1. a CT scan indicated a 10 × 3.5 cm cystic mass arising from the cecum with calcification inside (arrows). b We folded gauze around the tumor rather than grasping it directly.

Fig

a

CT

scan

indicated

a

cm

cystic

mass

arising

from

the

cecum

with

calcification

inside

arrows

b

We

folded

gauze

around

the

tumor

rather

than

grasping

it

directly


Figure 1. Above is an illustration of a line source PET attenuation map acquired using a 60-second acquisition, reconstructed using an iterative reconstruction algorithm.23 The total radiation dose for this study is only 0.01 mSv.

Figure

Above

is

an

illustration

of

a

line

source

PET

attenuation

map

acquired

using

a

acquisition

reconstructed

using

an

iterative

reconstruction

The

total

radiation

dose

for

this

study

is

only

mSv


Figure 3. Pre-and postoperative imaging: (A) clinical target volume (red) of the left supraclavicular region; (B) clinical target volume (red) of the mediastinum; (C) clinical target volume (red) of the abdominal cavity (A-C) gross tumor volume and planning target volume contours omitted for clarity); (D) gastric endoscopy showing anastomotic stenosis due to gastric cancer with intragastric hemorrhage; (E) PET-CT showing extensive distant metastasis in supraclavicular lymph nodes (arrow), the mediastinum (arrow), and multiple parts of the abdominal cavity (circle and arrow) before concurrent apatinib and radiotherapy; (F) PET-CT showing a partial response in the supraclavicular lymph nodes, mediastinum, and multiple parts of the abdominal cavity after concurrent apatinib and radiotherapy. PET-CT = positron-emission tomography computed tomography.

Figure

Pre

and

postoperative

imaging

A

clinical

target

volume

red

of

the

left

supraclavicular

region

B

clinical

target

volume

red

of

the

mediastinum

C

clinical

target

volume

red

of

the

abdominal

cavity

A

C

gross

tumor

volume

and

planning

target

volume

contours

omitted

for

clarity

D

gastric

endoscopy

showing

anastomotic

stenosis

due

to

gastric

cancer

with

intragastric

hemorrhage

E

PET

CT

showing

extensive

distant

metastasis

in

supraclavicular

lymph

nodes

arrow

the

mediastinum

arrow

and

multiple

parts

of

the

abdominal

cavity

circle

and

arrow

before

concurrent

apatinib

and

radiotherapy

F

PET

CT

showing

a

partial

response

in

the

supraclavicular

lymph

nodes

mediastinum

and

multiple

parts

of

the

abdominal

cavity

after

concurrent

apatinib

and

radiotherapy

PET

CT

positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography


FIG. 1. (a) Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis of 0.6M NaCl extract from Novikoff hepatoma nuclear chromatin. An aliquot of 0.6 M NaCl extract (50 Al) was placed in well A and antiserum in well B. Protein concentrations for all extracts and antisera were 15 mg/ml. Plates were incubated at 250 in a moist chamber. The precipitin lines formed after 18 hr of diffusion. (b) Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis of 0.6 M NaCl extracts from Novikoff hepatoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma chromatins. A 50-gl aliquot of the extract of Novikoff hepatoma (15 mg/ml) was placed in well A and a 50-,l aliquot of the extract of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (15 mg/ml) in well B. Antiserum (15 mg/ml) was placed in well C. The precipitin bands shown were detected within 18 hr of diffusion. (c) Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis of preadsorbed antiserum. Antiserum was adsorbed exhaustively with 0.6M NaCl extract (15 mg/ml) from 18-hr regenerating rat liver chromatin before placement in well A. Fifty microliters of 0.6 M NaCl extract of Novikoff hepatoma chromatin (15 mg/ml) was placed in well B. A precipitin band was observed after 18 hr of diffusion.

FIG

a

Ouchterlony

double

diffusion

analysis

of

M

NaCl

extract

from

Novikoff

hepatoma

nuclear

chromatin

An

aliquot

of

M

NaCl

extract

Al

was

placed

in

well

A

and

antiserum

in

well

B.

Protein

concentrations

for

all

extracts

and

antisera

were

mg

ml

Plates

were

incubated

at

in

a

moist

chamber

The

precipitin

lines

formed

after

hr

of

diffusion

b

Ouchterlony

double

diffusion

analysis

of

M

NaCl

extracts

from

Novikoff

hepatoma

and

Walker

carcinosarcoma

chromatins

A

aliquot

of

the

extract

of

Novikoff

hepatoma

mg

ml

was

placed

in

well

A

and

a

aliquot

of

the

extract

of

Walker

carcinosarcoma

mg

ml

in

well

B.

Antiserum

mg

ml

was

placed

in

well

C.

The

precipitin

bands

shown

were

detected

within

hr

of

diffusion

c

Ouchterlony

double

diffusion

analysis

of

preadsorbed

antiserum

Antiserum

was

adsorbed

exhaustively

with

M

NaCl

extract

mg

ml

from

regenerating

rat

liver

chromatin

before

placement

in

well

A.

Fifty

microliters

of

M

NaCl

extract

of

Novikoff

hepatoma

chromatin

mg

ml

was

placed

in

well

B.

A

precipitin

band

was

observed

after

hr

of

diffusion


Figure 1 (A) Sagital T1FSE; (B, C) Coronal and axial T2FSE; (D) Axial FLAIR; (E, F): anisotropic diffusion study (b1000 and ADC map, respectively). The images show a symmetric central pontine lesion (arrows), sparing the peripheral fi bres, with a typical trident shape and areas of restricted diffusion. Also note, in images B and C, the symmetric thalamic lesions (open arrows).

Figure

A

Sagital

B

C

Coronal

and

axial

D

Axial

FLAIR

E

F

anisotropic

diffusion

study

and

ADC

map

respectively

The

images

show

a

symmetric

central

pontine

lesion

arrows

sparing

the

peripheral

fi

bres

with

a

typical

trident

shape

and

areas

of

restricted

diffusion

Also

note

in

images

B

and

C

the

symmetric

thalamic

lesions

open

arrows


Figure 1. T1-weighted (A) and short-tau inversion recovery (B) sagittal images showing liquid retention at the facet joint of L4/L5 (white arrowhead).

Figure

A

and

short

tau

inversion

recovery

B

sagittal

images

showing

liquid

retention

at

the

facet

joint

of

white

arrowhead


Fig. 3 MRI features in tremor−ataxia with central hypomyelination (TACH). Characteristic MRI images in two subjects: cases 5 (a) and 7 (b) (the least and most affected patients, at ages 11 and 21 years, respectively). The MRI show diffuse hypomyelination with diffusely increased T2 signal, isointense or hyperintense T1 signal, with relative sparing of arcuate fibers and optic radiations. Thinning of the corpus callosum is a constant feature. In the most clinically affected patients, such as in case 7, there is some periventricular deep white matter rarefaction on FLAIR images, as well as atrophy of the cerebellum

Fig

MRI

features

in

tremor−ataxia

with

central

hypomyelination

TACH

Characteristic

MRI

images

in

two

subjects

cases

a

and

b

the

least

and

most

affected

patients

at

ages

and

years

respectively

The

MRI

show

diffuse

hypomyelination

with

diffusely

increased

signal

isointense

or

hyperintense

signal

with

relative

sparing

of

arcuate

fibers

and

optic

radiations

Thinning

of

the

corpus

callosum

is

a

constant

feature

In

the

most

clinically

affected

patients

such

as

in

case

there

is

some

periventricular

deep

white

matter

rarefaction

on

FLAIR

images

as

well

as

atrophy

of

the

cerebellum


Figure 3 (a&b) MR coronal and (c) axial images showed well defined mass above the medial epicondyle with ulnar nerve compression (arrowed).

Figure

a&b

MR

coronal

and

c

axial

images

showed

well

defined

mass

above

the

medial

epicondyle

with

ulnar

nerve

compression

arrowed


Figure 2 Immunohistochemical staining for hMLH1 protein expression in gastric cancers with unmethylated (A) or hypermethylated (B) gene promoters. (A) Nuclear staining of hMLH1 in a MSS tumour without promoter hypermethylation (intramucosal well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma). (B) Loss of hMLH1 expression in a MSI-H tumour with promoter hypermethylation (left, intramucosal well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma; right, intestinal metaplastic mucosa exhibiting hMLH1 expression).

Figure

Immunohistochemical

staining

for

protein

expression

in

gastric

cancers

with

unmethylated

A

or

hypermethylated

B

gene

promoters

A

Nuclear

staining

of

in

a

MSS

tumour

without

promoter

hypermethylation

intramucosal

well

differentiated

tubular

adenocarcinoma

B

Loss

of

expression

in

a

MSI

H

tumour

with

promoter

hypermethylation

left

intramucosal

well

differentiated

tubular

adenocarcinoma

right

intestinal

metaplastic

mucosa

exhibiting

expression


Fig. 5. MRI brain studies of patient with MMA. (a) Axial flair demonstrating infraction of the lenticular nuclei bilaterally. (b) Axial T2 image demonstrating a right cerebellar infarct.

Fig

MRI

brain

studies

of

patient

with

MMA

a

Axial

flair

demonstrating

infraction

of

the

lenticular

nuclei

bilaterally

b

Axial

image

demonstrating

a

right

cerebellar

infarct


Fig. 4. Changes in laser speckle flowgraphy and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography findings in the amblyopic eye in case 2. A laser speckle flowgraphy color map and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images of the right eye at 2 months (A and B) and 8 months (C and D) after the first visit are shown. The mean blur rates were 11.4 and 13.4 at 2 and 8 months after the first visit, respectively. The central choroidal thickness of the right eye was 294 mm and 287 mm at 2 and 8 months after the first visit, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig

Changes

in

laser

speckle

flowgraphy

and

enhanced

depth

imaging

optical

coherence

tomography

findings

in

the

amblyopic

eye

in

case

A

laser

speckle

flowgraphy

color

map

and

enhanced

depth

imaging

optical

coherence

tomography

images

of

the

right

eye

at

months

A

and

B

and

months

C

and

D

after

the

first

visit

are

shown

The

mean

blur

rates

were

and

at

and

months

after

the

first

visit

respectively

The

central

choroidal

thickness

of

the

right

eye

was

mm

and

mm

at

and

months

after

the

first

visit

respectively

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

colour

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

this

article


Fig. 1 – A) View of the aortic paravalvular regurgitant jet in a transesophageal echocardiogram. B and C) Picture showing the multipurpose catheter in an angiography to identify the leak. D) Amplatzer positioned to check location prior to occlusive device implantation. AV=aortic valve; OA=occlusive Amplatzer; PVL=paravalvular leak

Fig

A

View

of

the

aortic

paravalvular

regurgitant

jet

in

a

transesophageal

echocardiogram

B

and

C

Picture

showing

the

multipurpose

catheter

in

an

angiography

to

identify

the

leak

D

Amplatzer

positioned

to

check

location

prior

to

occlusive

device

implantation

AV

aortic

valve

OA

occlusive

Amplatzer

PVL

paravalvular

leak


FIGURE 3. Blood-oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging Blood-oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging from normal (left) and stenotic (right) swine kidneys. Cortical and medullary hypoxic (red) regions are observed in the poststenotic kidney.

FIGURE

Blood

oxygen

level

dependent

magnetic

resonance

imaging

Blood

oxygen

level

dependent

magnetic

resonance

imaging

from

normal

left

and

stenotic

right

swine

kidneys

Cortical

and

medullary

hypoxic

red

regions

are

observed

in

the

poststenotic

kidney


Fig. 2. Bathypolypus bairdii (a) Transmission electron micrograph of the neck (Ne) and middle piece (MP), 365 showing the nuclear fossa (NF) which connects with the centriolar fossa (CF) via a small lumen (L). The chromatin (Cr) is projected on the neck forming the nuclear invagination (NI). The middle piece is marked by the beginning of the mitochondrial sheath (MS) and the fibrous sheath (FS). Asterisk show electron dense spheroid. Ax, axoneme; C, centriole; CFi coarse fibers; NM, nuclear membrane; PM, plasma membrane. Bar 300 nm. (b) Transmission electron micrograph of a cross section through the line represented in Fig. 2a, showing the centriolar fossa (CF), the coarse 370 fibers (CFi) partially defined, the central doublet (arrowheads) and the axoneme-coarse fibers complex (ACF). Cr, chromatin; NM, nuclear membrane; PM, plasma membrane. Bar 100 nm. (c) Transmission electron micrograph of the middle piece in cross section showing the mitochondria (M), the fibrous sheath (FS), the inner mitochondrial membrane (arrowhead) and the electron dense spheroid (asterisk). CFi, coarse fibers; PM, plasma membrane. Bar 200 nm. (d) Scanning electron micrograph of the neck (Ne), middle piece (MP) and annulus (An). Note the enlarged 375 mitochondria (arrowheads). Bar 2000 nm.

Fig

Bathypolypus

bairdii

a

Transmission

electron

micrograph

of

the

neck

Ne

and

middle

piece

MP

showing

the

nuclear

fossa

NF

which

connects

with

the

centriolar

fossa

CF

via

a

small

lumen

L

The

chromatin

Cr

is

projected

on

the

neck

forming

the

nuclear

invagination

NI

The

middle

piece

is

marked

by

the

beginning

of

the

mitochondrial

sheath

MS

and

the

fibrous

sheath

FS

Asterisk

show

electron

dense

spheroid

Ax

axoneme

C

centriole

CFi

coarse

fibers

NM

nuclear

membrane

PM

plasma

membrane

Bar

nm

b

Transmission

electron

micrograph

of

a

cross

section

through

the

line

represented

in

Fig

showing

the

centriolar

fossa

CF

the

coarse

fibers

CFi

partially

defined

the

central

doublet

arrowheads

and

the

axoneme

coarse

fibers

complex

ACF

Cr

chromatin

NM

nuclear

membrane

PM

plasma

membrane

Bar

nm

c

Transmission

electron

micrograph

of

the

middle

piece

in

cross

section

showing

the

mitochondria

M

the

fibrous

sheath

FS

the

inner

mitochondrial

membrane

arrowhead

and

the

electron

dense

spheroid

asterisk

CFi

coarse

fibers

PM

plasma

membrane

Bar

nm

d

Scanning

electron

micrograph

of

the

neck

Ne

middle

piece

MP

and

annulus

An

Note

the

enlarged

mitochondria

arrowheads

Bar

nm


Figure 1 Colonic polyp. A: A sigmoid flat polyp was viewed using digital chromoendoscopy with high definition by i-scan, which revealed a pit pattern suggestive of a hyperplastic lesion in a patient with cirrhosis and important coagulation disorders; B: CLE showing dysplasia (image optimized by using a green-white image color palette in Cellvizio ® viewer software); C: A histological analysis of the specimen confirmed the dysplasia. CLE: Confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Figure

Colonic

polyp

A

A

sigmoid

flat

polyp

was

viewed

using

digital

chromoendoscopy

with

high

definition

by

i

scan

which

revealed

a

pit

pattern

suggestive

of

a

hyperplastic

lesion

in

a

patient

with

cirrhosis

and

important

coagulation

disorders

B

CLE

showing

dysplasia

image

optimized

by

using

a

green

white

image

color

palette

in

Cellvizio

viewer

software

C

A

histological

analysis

of

the

specimen

confirmed

the

dysplasia

CLE

Confocal

laser

endomicroscopy


Fig. 3. 55-year-old woman with repaired tendon that changed from type I to type III during follow-up period. A. Supraspinatus tendon shows type I pattern with fluid-like bright high signal intensity (SI) foci (thick arrow) on oblique coronal T2-weighted images 5 months after surgery. Linear or curvilinear structures with intermediate to low SI, which appeared to be suture material, are detected within high SI area at repair site (thin arrows). B. Tendon shows type III pattern with homogeneously low SI 11 months after surgery.

Fig

old

woman

with

repaired

tendon

that

changed

from

type

I

to

type

III

during

follow

up

period

A.

Supraspinatus

tendon

shows

type

I

pattern

with

fluid

like

bright

high

signal

intensity

SI

foci

thick

arrow

on

oblique

coronal

images

months

after

surgery

Linear

or

curvilinear

structures

with

intermediate

to

low

SI

which

appeared

to

be

suture

material

are

detected

within

high

SI

area

at

repair

site

thin

arrows

B.

Tendon

shows

type

III

pattern

with

homogeneously

low

SI

months

after

surgery


Figure 1 MTR image processing. (A) NAWM from two 5 mm axial slices were extracted at (B) and immediately below (C) the level of the insula. Rings of concentric MTR values from the NAWM around the ventricles were then extracted (D and E). The first two rings were excluded to minimize partial volume effects.

Figure

MTR

image

processing

A

NAWM

from

two

mm

axial

slices

were

extracted

at

B

and

immediately

below

C

the

level

of

the

insula

Rings

of

concentric

MTR

values

from

the

NAWM

around

the

ventricles

were

then

extracted

D

and

E

The

first

two

rings

were

excluded

to

minimize

partial

volume

effects


Fig 1. T2-weighted 3D coronal MRI. A- Landmarks for identification of STN (subthalamic nucleus): 14 to 18 mm posterior to AC (anterior commissure); superior and medial to the apex of the choroidal fissure; superior and lateral to SNR (substantia nigra pars reticulata); superior, lateral and anterior to RN (red nucleus); and an imaginary line passing through the lateral border of the brainstem usually crosses STN through its medial region; B- Habitual characteristics of the early-phase STN radiofrequency (RF) lesion: a three-concentriczone image; C- Unusual characteristics of the early-phase STN RF lesion: a hyperintense image, probably correlated with a poor outcome (only our two patients harboring such a lesion presented recurrence). Reprinted under permission of Karger, Basel, from Vilela Filho O, et al.4.

Fig

coronal

MRI

A-

Landmarks

for

identification

of

STN

subthalamic

nucleus

to

mm

posterior

to

AC

anterior

commissure

superior

and

medial

to

the

apex

of

the

choroidal

fissure

superior

and

lateral

to

SNR

substantia

nigra

pars

reticulata

superior

lateral

and

anterior

to

RN

red

nucleus

and

an

imaginary

line

passing

through

the

lateral

border

of

the

brainstem

usually

crosses

STN

through

its

medial

region

B-

Habitual

characteristics

of

the

early

phase

STN

radiofrequency

RF

lesion

a

three

concentriczone

image

C-

Unusual

characteristics

of

the

early

phase

STN

RF

lesion

a

hyperintense

image

probably

correlated

with

a

poor

outcome

only

our

two

patients

harboring

such

a

lesion

presented

recurrence

Reprinted

under

permission

of

Karger

Basel

from

Vilela

Filho

O

et


Figure 6 The asymptomatic brother, with his pelvic plain X-ray

Figure

The

asymptomatic

brother

with

his

pelvic

plain

X

ray


Fig. 1 Anatomy of the tessellated lower jaw skeleton of batoid elasmobranch fish (stingrays and relatives); lettered and inset red boxes reference other panels in the figure (e.g. the box in panel A references panel B). Elasmobranch skeletal elements are tiled superficially with abutting mineralized blocks called tesserae (T) (panel A: microCT scan, left lateral view; panel B: cleared and stained tissue), overlain by a fibrous perichondrium (PC) and surmounting a monolithic core of uncalcified cartilage (UC; panel C: cryoSEM cross-section). Note the camera view is somewhat oblique in panel C; tesserae can be seen in cross-section [T(c)] at the top of the image and in surface view [T(s)], covered by perichondrium, at the bottom. This sample was incompletely etched and from a young histotroph animal (79 mm); tesserae are less distinct than in other preparations (see Methods). At higher magnifications (panels D, E: hematoxylin-eosin stained cross-sections), the margins of tesserae are less regular and vital chondrocytes (CH) can be seen in mineralized lacunae in tesserae and extending into the intertesseral fibrous joints (IT). The tessellated skeleton can therefore be thought of simply as unmineralized cartilage wrapped in a composite fibro-mineral bark (panel F: schematic cross-section; black arrows indicate dimensions used to determine tesseral width and depth, see Methods).

Fig

Anatomy

of

the

tessellated

lower

jaw

skeleton

of

batoid

elasmobranch

fish

stingrays

and

relatives

lettered

and

inset

red

boxes

reference

other

panels

in

the

figure

e.g.

the

box

in

panel

A

references

panel

B

Elasmobranch

skeletal

elements

are

tiled

superficially

with

abutting

mineralized

blocks

called

tesserae

T

panel

A

microCT

scan

left

lateral

view

panel

B

cleared

and

stained

tissue

overlain

by

a

fibrous

perichondrium

PC

and

surmounting

a

monolithic

core

of

uncalcified

cartilage

UC

panel

C

cryoSEM

cross

section

Note

the

camera

view

is

somewhat

oblique

in

panel

C

tesserae

can

be

seen

in

cross

section

T(c

at

the

top

of

the

image

and

in

surface

view

T(s

covered

by

perichondrium

at

the

bottom

This

sample

was

incompletely

etched

and

from

a

young

histotroph

animal

mm

tesserae

are

less

distinct

than

in

other

preparations

see

Methods

At

higher

magnifications

panels

D

E

hematoxylin

eosin

stained

cross

sections

the

margins

of

tesserae

are

less

regular

and

vital

chondrocytes

CH

can

be

seen

in

mineralized

lacunae

in

tesserae

and

extending

into

the

intertesseral

fibrous

joints

IT

The

tessellated

skeleton

can

therefore

be

thought

of

simply

as

unmineralized

cartilage

wrapped

in

a

composite

fibro

mineral

bark

panel

F

schematic

cross

section

black

arrows

indicate

dimensions

used

to

determine

tesseral

width

and

depth

see

Methods


Figure 2. Examples of HRP injection sites in the nucleus raphe magnus. A, Coronal brain section illustrating the size of the HRP deposit from case R-251 in which an iontophoretic injection of HRP was made into the raphe magnus (arrow). B, Coronal section through the rostra1 medulla depicting the size of the injection site (arrow) from case R-381 following a pressure injection of HRP in the raphe magnus. Some spread of the enzyme tracer is evident in the area dorsal to the raphe magnus.

Figure

Examples

of

HRP

injection

sites

in

the

nucleus

raphe

magnus

A

Coronal

brain

section

illustrating

the

size

of

the

HRP

deposit

from

case

in

which

an

iontophoretic

injection

of

HRP

was

made

into

the

raphe

magnus

arrow

B

Coronal

section

through

the

medulla

depicting

the

size

of

the

injection

site

arrow

from

case

following

a

pressure

injection

of

HRP

in

the

raphe

magnus

Some

spread

of

the

enzyme

tracer

is

evident

in

the

area

dorsal

to

the

raphe

magnus


Figure 1. a, Nuclear reactivity for HMGI-C in the neoplastic adipocytes of a lipoma (case 17L); t(2;12)(q35;q15) was identified in the tumor karyotype, FISH analysis was not performed. b, The corresponding immunohistochemical stain for HMGI(Y) is negative (case 17L). c, Positive nuclear reactivity for HMGI(Y) in the mesenchymal cells of a pulmonary chondroid hamartoma (case 11P); t(6;10)(p21.3;q22.3) was identified in the tumor karyotype (Fig. 2d), FISH analysis results are illustrated in Figure 2c and are compatible with HMGI(Y) gene rearrangement. d, The corresponding immunohistochemical stain for HMGI(Y) is negative (case 11P). e, Nuclear reactivity for HMGI(Y) in the neoplastic smooth muscle cells of an uterine leiomyoma (case 1M); t(6;14)(p21;q24) was identified in the tumor karyotype; FISH analysis results are compatible with HMGI(Y) gene rearrangement. f, The corresponding immunohistochemical stain for HMGI-C is negative (case 1M). g, Nuclear reactivity for HMGI-C in the stromal component of an endometrial polyp (case 10E); t(12;14)(q15;q24–25) was identified in the tumor karyotype; FISH analysis results are compatible with HMGI-C gene rearrangement. The corresponding immunohistochemical stain for HMGI(Y) is negative (case 10E).

Figure

a

Nuclear

reactivity

for

HMGI

C

in

the

neoplastic

adipocytes

of

a

lipoma

case

was

identified

in

the

tumor

karyotype

FISH

analysis

was

not

performed

b

The

corresponding

immunohistochemical

stain

for

HMGI(Y

is

negative

case

c

Positive

nuclear

reactivity

for

HMGI(Y

in

the

mesenchymal

cells

of

a

pulmonary

chondroid

hamartoma

case

was

identified

in

the

tumor

karyotype

Fig

FISH

analysis

results

are

illustrated

in

Figure

and

are

compatible

with

HMGI(Y

gene

rearrangement

d

The

corresponding

immunohistochemical

stain

for

HMGI(Y

is

negative

case

e

Nuclear

reactivity

for

HMGI(Y

in

the

neoplastic

smooth

muscle

cells

of

an

uterine

leiomyoma

case

M

was

identified

in

the

tumor

karyotype

FISH

analysis

results

are

compatible

with

HMGI(Y

gene

rearrangement

f

The

corresponding

immunohistochemical

stain

for

HMGI

C

is

negative

case

M

g

Nuclear

reactivity

for

HMGI

C

in

the

stromal

component

of

an

endometrial

polyp

case

was

identified

in

the

tumor

karyotype

FISH

analysis

results

are

compatible

with

HMGI

C

gene

rearrangement

The

corresponding

immunohistochemical

stain

for

HMGI(Y

is

negative

case


Figure 5 Electron microscope evidence for necrotic cell death in murine cortical cultures exposed to 60 min OGD. (A) Control healthy neurons showing nuclei with dispersed chromatin and a clearly defined nucleolus. A glial cell can be detected at the bottom-left corner of the microphotograph. (B) Six h after OGD, two well preserved neurons together with a shrinked, damaged neuron (asterisk). (C) Enlarged microphotograph of the same damaged neuron shown in B, rotated clockwise by 908 with the asterisk in the same position, displaying signs of necrotic degeneration. Chromatin is condensing, the nuclear and plasma membranes are disrupted, the cytoplasm is dispersed and contains vacuoles and swollen organelles. (D) Another enlarged neuron observed 6 h after 60 min OGD, showing necrotic features such as clumped chromatin, amorphous organelles, mitochondrial densities and cytoplasm disorganization. (E) Twenty-four h after 60 min OGD, only healthy and isolated glial cells can be detected. Bar = 2 mm in A, B and D and 1 mm in C and D

Figure

Electron

microscope

evidence

for

necrotic

cell

death

in

murine

cortical

cultures

exposed

to

min

OGD

A

Control

healthy

neurons

showing

nuclei

with

dispersed

chromatin

and

a

clearly

defined

nucleolus

A

glial

cell

can

be

detected

at

the

bottom

left

corner

of

the

microphotograph

B

Six

h

after

OGD

two

well

preserved

neurons

together

with

a

shrinked

damaged

neuron

asterisk

C

Enlarged

microphotograph

of

the

same

damaged

neuron

shown

in

B

rotated

clockwise

by

with

the

asterisk

in

the

same

position

displaying

signs

of

necrotic

degeneration

Chromatin

is

condensing

the

nuclear

and

plasma

membranes

are

disrupted

the

cytoplasm

is

dispersed

and

contains

vacuoles

and

swollen

organelles

D

Another

enlarged

neuron

observed

h

after

min

OGD

showing

necrotic

features

such

as

clumped

chromatin

amorphous

organelles

mitochondrial

densities

and

cytoplasm

disorganization

E

Twenty

four

h

after

min

OGD

only

healthy

and

isolated

glial

cells

can

be

detected

Bar

mm

in

A

B

and

D

and

mm

in

C

and

D


Figure 2. (A, B) MRI of Case 2 – preoperative lumbar intervertebral herniation between L4 and first sacral, most severe at lumbar vertebral disc 5 – sacral 1, sacral spinal stenosis. (C, D) Case 2 – direct and lateral X-ray image of lumbar vertebra after

Figure

A

B

MRI

of

Case

preoperative

lumbar

intervertebral

herniation

between

and

first

sacral

most

severe

at

lumbar

vertebral

disc

sacral

sacral

spinal

stenosis

C

D

Case

direct

and

lateral

X

ray

image

of

lumbar

vertebra

after


Fig. 2. (a) MRI Head (T2 weighted) showing severe ethmoid sinusitis (unmarked). (b) MRI Head (T2 weighted) showing severe ethmoid sinusitis (marked).

Fig

a

MRI

Head

weighted

showing

severe

ethmoid

sinusitis

unmarked

b

MRI

Head

weighted

showing

severe

ethmoid

sinusitis

marked


Fig. 2 (a) Contrast-enhanced coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) curved planar reformation image of the right coronary artery shows diffuse calcified plaque throughout the vessel (arrows). The calcium score was 4,650 units, reflecting the large volume of calcified plaque, most of it causing marked ‘blooming’ artefact (arrowheads), which made luminal assessment difficult. (b) Subsequent catheter coronary angiogram shows the relative lack of significant luminal stenosis, highlighting the difficulties posed by heavily calcified plaque resulting in false-positive CCTA reports.

Fig

a

Contrast

enhanced

coronary

computed

tomography

angiography

CCTA

curved

planar

reformation

image

of

the

right

coronary

artery

shows

diffuse

calcified

plaque

throughout

the

vessel

arrows

The

calcium

score

was

units

reflecting

the

large

volume

of

calcified

plaque

most

of

it

causing

marked

blooming

artefact

arrowheads

which

made

luminal

assessment

difficult

b

Subsequent

catheter

coronary

angiogram

shows

the

relative

lack

of

significant

luminal

stenosis

highlighting

the

difficulties

posed

by

heavily

calcified

plaque

resulting

in

false

positive

CCTA

reports


Figure 1 In situ analysis of TDG transcript distribution in 14.5 d.p.c. mouse fetuses. All panels are composed of a bright-®eld view of a selected section, showing the histology, and of the corresponding dark-®eld view where the signal grain appears in white. (a) General view of a 14.5 d.p.c. fetus sectioned sagittally. (b) Sagittal section through the developing hindlimb. (c) Sagittal section through the lung and thymus. (d) Enlargement of two intestinal loops. Abbreviations: a: adrenal gland; bl: urinary bladder; br: stem bronchus; c: cartilage; ep: intestinal epithelium; fb: forebrain; hb: hindbrain; ht: heart; in: intestine; k: kidney; li: liver; lu: lung; m: muscle; mb: midbrain; mc: mouth cavity; me: intestinal mesenchyme; ne: nasal epithelium; pi: pituitary gland (anterior lobe); sg: spinal ganglia; th: thymus

Figure

In

situ

analysis

of

TDG

transcript

distribution

in

d.p.c

mouse

fetuses

All

panels

are

composed

of

a

bright-

eld

view

of

a

selected

section

showing

the

histology

and

of

the

corresponding

dark-

eld

view

where

the

signal

grain

appears

in

white

a

General

view

of

a

d.p.c

fetus

sectioned

sagittally

b

Sagittal

section

through

the

developing

hindlimb

c

Sagittal

section

through

the

lung

and

thymus

d

Enlargement

of

two

intestinal

loops

Abbreviations

a

adrenal

gland

bl

urinary

bladder

br

stem

bronchus

c

cartilage

ep

intestinal

epithelium

fb

forebrain

hb

hindbrain

ht

heart

in

intestine

k

kidney

li

liver

lu

lung

m

muscle

mb

midbrain

mc

mouth

cavity

me

intestinal

mesenchyme

ne

nasal

epithelium

pi

pituitary

gland

anterior

lobe

sg

spinal

ganglia

th

thymus


Figure 2. Computed tomography (CT). (A) Pectoral CT reveals a large, heterogeneous tumorous formation obturating the esophageal lumen, with no enlarged lymph node observed, located in the same plane as the lower tracheal bifurcation. The value of CT is ~78 Hu. (B) The abdominal CT reveals the nodular increased thickness of the gastric antral wall and the narrowing gastric cavity.

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

A

Pectoral

CT

reveals

a

large

heterogeneous

tumorous

formation

obturating

the

esophageal

lumen

with

no

enlarged

lymph

node

observed

located

in

the

same

plane

as

the

lower

tracheal

bifurcation

The

value

of

CT

is

Hu

B

The

abdominal

CT

reveals

the

nodular

increased

thickness

of

the

gastric

antral

wall

and

the

narrowing

gastric

cavity