Figure 1. A, Before photodynamic therapy (PDT). Endoscopy shows a protruding mass on the upper esophagus. B, Three days post-PDT. Endoscopy shows coagulation necrosis at the PDT-treated lesion. C, Six weeks post first session of PDT. There was a small residual lesion and the second session of PDT was conducted. D, Six months post second session of PDT, A scar is seen at the previously cancerous lesion and there is no tumor in the biopsied specimens.

Figure

A

Before

photodynamic

therapy

PDT

Endoscopy

shows

a

protruding

mass

on

the

upper

esophagus

B

Three

days

post

PDT

Endoscopy

shows

coagulation

necrosis

at

the

PDT

treated

lesion

C

Six

weeks

post

first

session

of

PDT

There

was

a

small

residual

lesion

and

the

second

session

of

PDT

was

conducted

D

Six

months

post

second

session

of

PDT

A

scar

is

seen

at

the

previously

cancerous

lesion

and

there

is

no

tumor

in

the

biopsied

specimens


FIGURE 4. Overlay of PET (hot-metal pseudocolor) and CT (gray-scale) images: transaxial (left) and coronal (right) views. Although top-row cubes (yellow arrows) had strong PET signals, second-row cubes (green arrow), loaded with mixture of empty-vector–transduced and reporter-transduced hMSCs, had visible signal despite 1:4 dilution. Cubes were also visible on CT images.

FIGURE

Overlay

of

PET

hot

metal

pseudocolor

and

CT

gray

scale

images

transaxial

left

and

coronal

right

views

Although

top

row

cubes

yellow

arrows

had

strong

PET

signals

second

row

cubes

green

arrow

loaded

with

mixture

of

empty

vector

transduced

and

reporter

transduced

hMSCs

had

visible

signal

despite

dilution

Cubes

were

also

visible

on

CT

images


Figure 4 -The use of Doppler for ultrasound evaluation of tendons is important. In such cases, it helps in controlling PRP infiltration (A) and in establishing the cure criteria, for which it shows absence of vessels in asymptomatic patients (B) B A PRP infiltration

Figure

-The

use

of

Doppler

for

ultrasound

evaluation

of

tendons

is

important

In

such

cases

it

helps

in

controlling

PRP

infiltration

A

and

in

establishing

the

cure

criteria

for

which

it

shows

absence

of

vessels

in

asymptomatic

patients

B

B

A

PRP

infiltration


Fig. 1. – Evaluation by dual helical lung computed tomography (CT) of pulmonary sarcoid-like granulomas induced by complete Freund9s adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Lung CT from two rats injected with CFA: a) normal lung CT and b) presence of pulmonary nodules. Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma from the same rats stained with haematoxylin and eosin: c) moderate cellular infiltration without granulomas and d) typical sarcoid-like granulomas. The lungs were not inflated prior to fixation, and atelectatic areas are present. Original magnification6125.

Fig

Evaluation

by

dual

helical

lung

computed

tomography

CT

of

pulmonary

sarcoid

like

granulomas

induced

by

complete

adjuvant

CFA

in

rats

Lung

CT

from

two

rats

injected

with

CFA

a

normal

lung

CT

and

b

presence

of

pulmonary

nodules

Photomicrographs

of

lung

parenchyma

from

the

same

rats

stained

with

haematoxylin

and

eosin

c

moderate

cellular

infiltration

without

granulomas

and

d

typical

sarcoid

like

granulomas

The

lungs

were

not

inflated

prior

to

fixation

and

atelectatic

areas

are

present

Original


Figure 3. The ultrastructure of chondroblasts from the convex side of the growth plate of the vertebral body at the top of deformation in a patient with idiopathic scoliosis. (a) General view of cells containing a nucleus with invaginations and a large number of intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm. (b, c) Mitochondria with short transverse cristae. (b) Narrow and (c) extended tanks of rough EPR. (d) The dictyosomes of the Golgi apparatus. (e) Vacuole with short thin filaments inside (pointed by arrows). (f) Accumulation of the intermediate filaments near the nucleus. (g) - Numerous vesicles near the plasma membrane of cells. The scale bars are 2 microns for (a) and 0.5 microns for (b-g).

Figure

The

ultrastructure

of

chondroblasts

from

the

convex

side

of

the

growth

plate

of

the

vertebral

body

at

the

top

of

deformation

in

a

patient

with

idiopathic

scoliosis

a

General

view

of

cells

containing

a

nucleus

with

invaginations

and

a

large

number

of

intermediate

filaments

in

the

cytoplasm

b

c

Mitochondria

with

short

transverse

cristae

b

Narrow

and

c

extended

tanks

of

rough

EPR

d

The

dictyosomes

of

the

Golgi

apparatus

e

Vacuole

with

short

thin

filaments

inside

pointed

by

arrows

f

Accumulation

of

the

intermediate

filaments

near

the

nucleus

g

Numerous

vesicles

near

the

plasma

membrane

of

cells

The

scale

bars

are

microns

for

a

and

microns

for

b

g


Figure 2: Images for a 60-year-old man. (a) CT image of an NSCLC primary tumor (epidermoid carcinoma) in the right upper lobe. (b) PET image showing intense 18 F-FDG uptake. (c) PET/CT image showing tumor localisation and radiotracer uptake. (d) Coronal whole-body PET image.

Figure

Images

for

a

old

man

a

CT

image

of

an

NSCLC

primary

tumor

epidermoid

carcinoma

in

the

right

upper

lobe

b

PET

image

showing

intense

F

FDG

uptake

c

PET

CT

image

showing

tumor

localisation

and

radiotracer

uptake

d

Coronal

whole

body

PET

image


Figure 1. Ultrasound examination in a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation [Fibrosis stage (Ludwig) F2] (A) B-mode US showing irregular hepatic veins, inhomogeneous parenchyma, and an irregular liver surface. (B) ARFI elastometry during realtime B-mode US. Placement of the quadratic cursor in the region-of-interest by an intercostal approach in the right liver lobe (Segment VII). ARFI shear-wave-velocities (Vs) are displayed in m/s and the depth of measurement in centimeters (cm).

Figure

Ultrasound

examination

in

a

patient

after

orthotopic

liver

transplantation

Fibrosis

stage

Ludwig

A

B

mode

US

showing

irregular

hepatic

veins

inhomogeneous

parenchyma

and

an

irregular

liver

surface

B

ARFI

elastometry

during

realtime

B

mode

US

Placement

of

the

quadratic

cursor

in

the

region

of

interest

by

an

intercostal

approach

in

the

right

liver

lobe

Segment

VII

ARFI

shear

wave

velocities

Vs

are

displayed

in

m

s

and

the

depth

of

measurement

in

centimeters

cm


Fig. 3. Abdominal computed tomography at 4 months after the fi rst operation in patient 4 showed atrophy of the liver with gross ascites (A) and a left groin hernia (B)

Fig

Abdominal

computed

tomography

at

months

after

the

fi

rst

operation

in

patient

showed

atrophy

of

the

liver

with

gross

ascites

A

and

a

left

groin

hernia

B


Fig. 1 Pre-operatively and radiograph pre-, post-operatively, and 2 years post-operatively of a 82-year-old patient with a metastatic ovarial carcinoma treated with Balloon-kyphoplasty in level T 11 and L2. a–c MRI preoperatively. d–e Radiograph preoperatively. f–g Radiograph postoperatively. h–i Radiograph 1 year. j–k Radiograph 2 years

Fig

Pre

operatively

and

radiograph

pre-

post

operatively

and

years

post

operatively

of

a

old

patient

with

a

metastatic

ovarial

carcinoma

treated

with

Balloon

kyphoplasty

in

level

T

and

a

c

MRI

preoperatively

d

e

Radiograph

preoperatively

f

g

Radiograph

postoperatively

h

i

Radiograph

year

j

k

Radiograph

years


Figure 1: (a) T2-and (b) T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after gadolinium injection showed a right sphenoid wing solitary fibrous tumor; (c) T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after gadolinium injection showed left temporal lobe c b a

Figure

a

b

magnetic

resonance

imaging

after

gadolinium

injection

showed

a

right

sphenoid

wing

solitary

fibrous

tumor

c

magnetic

resonance

imaging

after

gadolinium

injection

showed

left

temporal

lobe

c

b

a


Fig. 2. Phenotypes of Lef1 rescued Cdx mutant and Wnt3a mutants, and gene expression in the uro-rectal region. (A-C)Sagittal sections of the uro-rectal region of a E15.5 control (A), Cdx2/4 rescued by the TPLef1 transgene (B) and Wnt3a hypo/hypo (C). The section in C is not exactly mid-sagittal but shows the bladder-rectum fistula. (D-G)In situ hybridization of E9.5 whole-mount wild-type embryos with a Cdx2 (D) and Cdx4 (F) probes, and sagittal sections through E9.0 embryos hybridized with the same probes (E and G, respectively). (H,I,L,M) In situ hybridization with an Axin2 probe on a whole-mount E10.5 control (H) and Cdx2/4 embryo (I), and on crosssections (L,M) of these whole mounts at the level indicated by the broken lines in H and I, respectively. (J,K,N,O) In situ hybridization with a Wnt3a probe on a whole-mount E10.5 control (J) and Cdx2/4 mutant (K) embryos, and corresponding transverse sections (N,O). b, bladder; r, rectum; t, tailbud; g, gut; h, hindgut. Asterisk indicates communication between bladder and gut. Scale bars: 1 mm in A; 0.5 mm in D; 0.5 mm in H,L.

Fig

Phenotypes

of

rescued

Cdx

mutant

and

mutants

and

gene

expression

in

the

uro

rectal

region

A

C)Sagittal

sections

of

the

uro

rectal

region

of

a

control

A

rescued

by

the

transgene

B

and

hypo

hypo

C

The

section

in

C

is

not

exactly

mid

sagittal

but

shows

the

bladder

rectum

fistula

D

G)In

situ

hybridization

of

whole

mount

wild

type

embryos

with

a

D

and

F

probes

and

sagittal

sections

through

embryos

hybridized

with

the

same

probes

E

and

G

respectively

H

I

L

M

In

situ

hybridization

with

an

probe

on

a

whole

mount

control

H

and

embryo

I

and

on

crosssections

L

M

of

these

whole

mounts

at

the

level

indicated

by

the

broken

lines

in

H

and

I

respectively

J

K

N

O

In

situ

hybridization

with

a

probe

on

a

whole

mount

control

J

and

mutant

K

embryos

and

corresponding

transverse

sections

N

O

b

bladder

r

rectum

t

tailbud

g

gut

h

hindgut

Asterisk

indicates

communication

between

bladder

and

gut

Scale

bars

mm

in

A

mm

in

D

mm

in

H

L.


Figure 3. Abdominal and pelvic MRI shows huge lymphangioleiomyomas in the para-aortic area and interior of the pelvis before sirolimus treatment (a). The large lymphangioleiomyomas in the para-aortic area and interior of the pelvis were reduced in size after six months of sirolimus treatment (b).

Figure

Abdominal

and

pelvic

MRI

shows

huge

lymphangioleiomyomas

in

the

para

aortic

area

and

interior

of

the

pelvis

before

sirolimus

treatment

a

The

large

lymphangioleiomyomas

in

the

para

aortic

area

and

interior

of

the

pelvis

were

reduced

in

size

after

six

months

of

sirolimus

treatment

b


Figure 1. Highlights of preoperative images. (A) Coronal contrast-enhanced CT images. CT image showed occupation of the abdominal cavity by a giant tumor enhanced heterogeneously. (B) Coronal 3D-CT angiography. Our images showed that giant tumor was situated at the greater curvature of the stomach and nourished by the RGA (red arrow). 3D-CT = three-dimensional computed tomography, RGA = right gastroepiploic artery.

Figure

Highlights

of

preoperative

images

A

Coronal

contrast

enhanced

CT

images

CT

image

showed

occupation

of

the

abdominal

cavity

by

a

giant

tumor

enhanced

heterogeneously

B

Coronal

CT

angiography

Our

images

showed

that

giant

tumor

was

situated

at

the

greater

curvature

of

the

stomach

and

nourished

by

the

RGA

red

arrow

CT

three

dimensional

computed

tomography

RGA

right

gastroepiploic

artery


Figure 1. (A) Preoperative sagittal Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MR images demonstrating the tumor on the right prerolandic area. (B) Postoperative sagittal Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MR scans showing the GTR with intracavity BCNU wafer implantation.

Figure

A

Preoperative

sagittal

Gd

enhanced

MR

images

demonstrating

the

tumor

on

the

right

prerolandic

area

B

Postoperative

sagittal

Gd

enhanced

MR

scans

showing

the

GTR

with

intracavity

BCNU

wafer

implantation


Fig. 3 Lesion overlap for the ACoA controls (n = 7; left) and confabulating patients (n = 4; right) superimposed on a template MRI scan. Colour bars represent the number of patients with lesions that overlap a particular region, with purple being one patient and red being all patients (four in the confabulation group and seven in the ACoA control group). Image was created using MRIcro software (Chris Rorden; www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/cr1/mricro.html).

Fig

Lesion

overlap

for

the

ACoA

controls

n

left

and

confabulating

patients

n

right

superimposed

on

a

template

MRI

scan

Colour

bars

represent

the

number

of

patients

with

lesions

that

overlap

a

particular

region

with

purple

being

one

patient

and

red

being

all

patients

four

in

the

confabulation

group

and

seven

in

the

ACoA

control

group

Image

was

created

using

MRIcro

software

Chris

Rorden


Figure 2. Nomarski images of developing vulva. Left lateral views of larval hermaphrodites (anterior to the left). AC, anchor cell. 3, 3° VPCs (P4.p and P8.p shown here); 2, 2° VPCs (P5.p and P7.p); 1, 1° VPC. (A) mid-L3 stage . At this stage, there are no signs of morphological differentiation but P6.p and its daughters express egl-17. B. L3 lethargus. The first two rounds of mitosis of the 2° and 1° vulval precursors are drawn in, with the axis of the third round of division indicated: L, longitudinal (anterior-posterior); T, transverse (left-right); N, no division; S, fuses with hyp7 epidermal syncytium. In the literature, 1° lineages are referred to as [TTTT] or [EFFE]; 2° lineages are referred to as [LLTN], [NTLL], [ABCD], or [DCBA]; 3° lineages as [S S]; hybrid lineages are [S TN], [NT S], [S TT], [TT S], [LL S] or [S LL]. In abnormal lineages, O refers to an oblique axis of division, and U refers to undivided cell.

Figure

Nomarski

images

of

developing

vulva

Left

lateral

views

of

larval

hermaphrodites

anterior

to

the

left

AC

anchor

cell

VPCs

and

shown

here

VPCs

and

VPC

A

mid

stage

At

this

stage

there

are

no

signs

of

morphological

differentiation

but

and

its

daughters

express

B.

lethargus

The

first

two

rounds

of

mitosis

of

the

and

vulval

precursors

are

drawn

in

with

the

axis

of

the

third

round

of

division

indicated

L

longitudinal

anterior

posterior

T

transverse

left

right

N

no

division

S

fuses

with

epidermal

syncytium

In

the

literature

lineages

are

referred

to

as

TTTT

or

EFFE

lineages

are

referred

to

as

LLTN

NTLL

ABCD

or

DCBA

lineages

as

S

S

hybrid

lineages

are

S

TN

NT

S

S

TT

TT

S

LL

S

or

S

LL

In

abnormal

lineages

O

refers

to

an

oblique

axis

of

division

and

U

refers

to

undivided

cell


Fig. 2 Four chamber view. a. On T2-STIR image, the mass (arrowhead) had similar signal intensity to myocardium revealing a myocardial structure and excluding lipoma. b. On T2-STIR with fat suppression image, the consequence is consistent with (a). c. The cine MRI confirmed a mass (arrow-head) attached to the posterior wall of the right atrium. D. LGE-sequences indicated no abnormal enhancement of the mass (arrow-head). T2-STIR, T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement

Fig

Four

chamber

view

a.

On

image

the

mass

arrowhead

had

similar

signal

intensity

to

myocardium

revealing

a

myocardial

structure

and

excluding

lipoma

b.

On

with

fat

suppression

image

the

consequence

is

consistent

with

a

c.

The

cine

MRI

confirmed

a

mass

arrow

head

attached

to

the

posterior

wall

of

the

right

atrium

D.

LGE

sequences

indicated

no

abnormal

enhancement

of

the

mass

arrow

head

short

tau

inversion

recovery

LA

left

atrium

LV

left

ventricle

RA

right

atrium

RV

right

ventricle

LGE

late

gadolinium

enhancement


Figure 1: A one-day-old female with neuroblastoma stage 4s. Sonogram findings: Gray scale sonogram of the liver (performed with a convex transducer, 3.5 MHz) in transverse view (A) shows a diffusely coarse liver (star) and (B) reveals an echogenic nodule (arrow) against the background of diffusely abnormal hepatic echogenicity.

Figure

A

one

day

old

female

with

neuroblastoma

stage

Sonogram

findings

Gray

scale

sonogram

of

the

liver

performed

with

a

convex

transducer

MHz

in

transverse

view

A

shows

a

diffusely

coarse

liver

star

and

B

reveals

an

echogenic

nodule

arrow

against

the

background

of

diffusely

abnormal

hepatic

echogenicity


Fig. 3. A–D. Large-volume and small-volume invaginations. A: 4-cellstage nucleus with a large-volume invagination in contact with a nucleolar precursor body (NPB; the arrow marks the contact site). Note the absence of nuclear pores at the contact site. B: 4-cell-stage nucleus with small-volume invaginations (arrowheads) and multiple large-volume invaginations contacting the same centrally located NPB (arrows mark contact sites between invaginations and the nucleolus). C: 4-cell-stage nucleus with a large-volume invagination reaching across the nucleus to contact a NPB (arrow marks contact site). The arrowhead marks a small-volume invagination emanating from a largevolume invagination. The NPB on the right side is not contacted by any invagination. D: 4-cell-stage nucleus showing three of the four NPBs in contact with large-volume invaginations (contact sites marked by arrows). The NPB not in contact with invaginations is in contact with the nuclear border in another z-section (not shown). E–G: Three types of intranuclear vesicles. E1–G1: Lamin B (3 µm bar). E2–G2: NUP153. E3–G3 and E4–G4: DAPI (gray), NUP153 (green) and Lamin B (red). E4–G4: Magnification of the vesicles (500 nm bar). E: Lamin B-positive but NUP153-negative intranuclear vesicles are most common. F: Lamin B- and NUP153-positive invaginations are far less common. G: Arrow 2 marks the only occurrence of a NUP153-positive but lamin B-negative vesicle-like structure. This may not be a NPCpositive vesicle-like structure, since NPCs are normally lined with chromatin but this structure is not.

Fig

A

D.

Large

volume

and

small

volume

invaginations

A

nucleus

with

a

large

volume

invagination

in

contact

with

a

nucleolar

precursor

body

NPB

the

arrow

marks

the

contact

site

Note

the

absence

of

nuclear

pores

at

the

contact

site

B

stage

nucleus

with

small

volume

invaginations

arrowheads

and

multiple

large

volume

invaginations

contacting

the

same

centrally

located

NPB

arrows

mark

contact

sites

between

invaginations

and

the

nucleolus

C

stage

nucleus

with

a

large

volume

invagination

reaching

across

the

nucleus

to

contact

a

NPB

arrow

marks

contact

site

The

arrowhead

marks

a

small

volume

invagination

emanating

from

a

largevolume

invagination

The

NPB

on

the

right

side

is

not

contacted

by

any

invagination

D

stage

nucleus

showing

three

of

the

four

NPBs

in

contact

with

large

volume

invaginations

contact

sites

marked

by

arrows

The

NPB

not

in

contact

with

invaginations

is

in

contact

with

the

nuclear

border

in

another

z

section

not

shown

E

G

Three

types

of

intranuclear

vesicles

Lamin

B

µm

bar

and

DAPI

gray

green

and

Lamin

B

red

Magnification

of

the

vesicles

nm

bar

E

Lamin

B

positive

but

intranuclear

vesicles

are

most

common

F

Lamin

B-

and

invaginations

are

far

less

common

G

Arrow

marks

the

only

occurrence

of

a

but

lamin

B

negative

vesicle

like

structure

This

may

not

be

a

NPCpositive

vesicle

like

structure

since

NPCs

are

normally

lined

with

chromatin

but

this

structure

is

not


Figure 1 MRI heavily T2 weighted image (reverse image) demonstrates low intensity (arrowhead) around the right lateral geniculate body: (a) transverse image, (b) coronal image.

Figure

MRI

heavily

weighted

image

reverse

image

demonstrates

low

intensity

arrowhead

around

the

right

lateral

geniculate

body

a

transverse

image

b

coronal

image


FIGURE 2 | (A) Tumor lower right lobe on diagnosis (CT scan). (B) Partial response 22 months after start TKI (CT scan). (C) Local progression 26 months after diagnosis (CT scan). (D) Partial response 9 months after local radiotherapy (CT scan).

FIGURE

A

Tumor

lower

right

lobe

on

diagnosis

CT

scan

B

Partial

response

months

after

start

TKI

CT

scan

C

Local

progression

months

after

diagnosis

CT

scan

D

Partial

response

months

after

local

radiotherapy

CT

scan


Fig. 5. Comparison of preoperative MRI and postimplant CT in two patients. First column: Coregistration of postimplant CT (in color) with preoperative MRI (grayscale); even though registration of the skull, scalp, and right hemisphere is good, many surface electrodes on the coregistered CT land more than 10 mm deep on the MRI in both patients. Second column: Another slice of the CT scan adjusted for contrast to visualize the ventricles. Third column: The corresponding MRI slice. Fourth column: The same MR (color) slice overlaid on the CT (grayscale); note the displacement of the whole brain, including a clear shift of the ventricle and midline, indicating significant brain deformation. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.)

Fig

Comparison

of

preoperative

MRI

and

postimplant

CT

in

two

patients

First

column

Coregistration

of

postimplant

CT

in

color

with

preoperative

MRI

grayscale

even

though

registration

of

the

skull

scalp

and

right

hemisphere

is

good

many

surface

electrodes

on

the

coregistered

CT

land

more

than

mm

deep

on

the

MRI

in

both

patients

Second

column

Another

slice

of

the

CT

scan

adjusted

for

contrast

to

visualize

the

ventricles

Third

column

The

corresponding

MRI

slice

Fourth

column

The

same

MR

color

slice

overlaid

on

the

CT

grayscale

note

the

displacement

of

the

whole

brain

including

a

clear

shift

of

the

ventricle

and

midline

indicating

significant

brain

deformation

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

color

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

the

article


Figure 6. Normal female pelvic floor anatomy. Coronal (a) and axial (b) T2-weighted MR images show the normal configuration of the iliococcygeus (arrowheads) and pubococcygeus ( * ) muscles. Arrows in a indicate the external anal sphincter. A = anal canal, C = coccyx, PS = pubic symphysis, R = rectum, U = urethra, V = vagina.

Figure

Normal

female

pelvic

floor

anatomy

Coronal

a

and

axial

b

MR

images

show

the

normal

configuration

of

the

iliococcygeus

arrowheads

and

pubococcygeus

muscles

Arrows

in

a

indicate

the

external

anal

sphincter

A

anal

canal

C

coccyx

PS

pubic

symphysis

R

rectum

U

urethra

V

vagina


Fig. 2 Imaging and Histopatological features of MB2. MRI. Axial T2-weighted image (a) and sagittal T1-weighted image (b) show a nodular mass originating from the vermis and bulging into the fourth ventricle. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map (c) shows lack of diffusion restriction. Perfusion weighted imaging (d) reveals hyperperfusion within the lesion. (e) Tumor is characterized by pleomorphic cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderate eosinophilic cytoplasm. (f) Large cells show immunoreactivity for synaptophysin. (g) N-Myc oncogene amplification (green spots) detected in neoplastic nuclei (blue) and centromere 8 signals (red spots) using CEP8/BAC as FISH probes. Red arrow: N-Myc amplified cell. White arrow: N-Myc dyploid cell

Fig

Imaging

and

Histopatological

features

of

MRI

Axial

image

a

and

sagittal

image

b

show

a

nodular

mass

originating

from

the

vermis

and

bulging

into

the

fourth

ventricle

Apparent

diffusion

coefficient

ADC

map

c

shows

lack

of

diffusion

restriction

Perfusion

weighted

imaging

d

reveals

hyperperfusion

within

the

lesion

e

Tumor

is

characterized

by

pleomorphic

cells

with

large

nuclei

prominent

nucleoli

and

moderate

eosinophilic

cytoplasm

f

Large

cells

show

immunoreactivity

for

synaptophysin

g

N

Myc

oncogene

amplification

green

spots

detected

in

neoplastic

nuclei

blue

and

centromere

signals

red

spots

using

BAC

as

FISH

probes

Red

arrow

N

Myc

amplified

cell

White

arrow

N

Myc

dyploid

cell


Fig. 1. Computed tomography findings before surgery. A silicone implant is sandwiched between the fractured nasal bone segments. The caudal end of the silicone implant has reached the nasal tip. Three-dimensional image (A) and sagittal image (B).

Fig

Computed

tomography

findings

before

surgery

A

silicone

implant

is

sandwiched

between

the

fractured

nasal

bone

segments

The

caudal

end

of

the

silicone

implant

has

reached

the

nasal

tip

Three

dimensional

image

A

and

sagittal

image

B


Figure 5. a–d. Diabetic mastopathy. Axial grey-scale US image (a) shows an irregular, parallel, heterogeneous lesion (arrows). Axial T1-weighted image (b) shows an irregular lesion with irregular margin (arrow). Maximum intensity projection image (c) reveals heterogeneous, regional enhancement (arrow) The lesion demonstrated type II kinetic (not shown). The lesion was categorized as BI-RADS category 4c. Histopathologic examination (d) (H-E, ×40) demonstrates perivascular lymphocytic infiltration (arrows) associated with atrophic lobules within areas of stromal fibrosis.

Figure

a

d

Diabetic

mastopathy

Axial

grey

scale

US

image

a

shows

an

irregular

parallel

heterogeneous

lesion

arrows

Axial

image

b

shows

an

irregular

lesion

with

irregular

margin

arrow

Maximum

intensity

projection

image

c

reveals

heterogeneous

regional

enhancement

arrow

The

lesion

demonstrated

type

II

kinetic

not

shown

The

lesion

was

categorized

as

BI

RADS

category

Histopathologic

examination

d

H

E

demonstrates

perivascular

lymphocytic

infiltration

arrows

associated

with

atrophic

lobules

within

areas

of

stromal

fibrosis


Fig. 1. (A) Chest radiograph of the patient shows hyperinflated lungs. (B) Chest computed tomography of the patient at the initial visit. Bilateral diffuse emphysema is observed in lungs. A B

Fig

A

Chest

radiograph

of

the

patient

shows

hyperinflated

lungs

B

Chest

computed

tomography

of

the

patient

at

the

initial

visit

Bilateral

diffuse

emphysema

is

observed

in

lungs

A

B


Figure 4. Computed tomography in coronal section showing generalized opacity indicating destruction of medial wall of maxillary sinus (a). Axial section (b) reveals invasion of lesion to the right nasal cavity.

Figure

Computed

tomography

in

coronal

section

showing

generalized

opacity

indicating

destruction

of

medial

wall

of

maxillary

sinus

a

Axial

section

b

reveals

invasion

of

lesion

to

the

right

nasal

cavity


Figure 2 Normal fetal esophagus at 28 wk of gestation. A and B: 4DUS using HDlive TM application may be used to obtain a clear imaging of inner structure of esophagus (arrow) during fetal swallowing at the time of routine second trimester scan.

Figure

Normal

fetal

esophagus

at

wk

of

gestation

A

and

B

using

HDlive

TM

application

may

be

used

to

obtain

a

clear

imaging

of

inner

structure

of

esophagus

arrow

during

fetal

swallowing

at

the

time

of

routine

second

trimester

scan


Fig. 2. Local tumor recurrence after TACE in 80-year-old female with hepatocellular carcinoma. A. Arterial-phase CT scan showing 1.5 cm-sized hypervascular tumor at segment 8 of right hepatic lobe. Posterior aspect of tumor is relatively hypovascular (black arrows). B. On cone-beam CT hepatic arteriography, anterior hypervascular part of tumor showed strong contrast enhancement with clear tumor margin. In contrast, posterior hypovascular part showed subtle contrast enhancement with indistinct tumor margin (black arrows). C. After subsegmental TACE, tumor showed heterogeneous lipiodol uptake (dense lipiodol uptake in hypervascular component and faint lipiodol uptake in hypovascular component) (white arrow) on lipiodol CT. D. Three years later, arterial-phase CT scan showed enhanced recurrent tumor at area of hypovascular component (black arrowheads). Area of hypervascular component was shrunken in size with persistent lipiodol uptake (white arrowhead). TACE = transarterial chemoembolization

Fig

Local

tumor

recurrence

after

TACE

in

old

female

with

hepatocellular

carcinoma

A.

Arterial

phase

CT

scan

showing

cm

sized

hypervascular

tumor

at

segment

of

right

hepatic

lobe

Posterior

aspect

of

tumor

is

relatively

hypovascular

black

arrows

B.

On

cone

beam

CT

hepatic

arteriography

anterior

hypervascular

part

of

tumor

showed

strong

contrast

enhancement

with

clear

tumor

margin

In

contrast

posterior

hypovascular

part

showed

subtle

contrast

enhancement

with

indistinct

tumor

margin

black

arrows

C.

After

subsegmental

TACE

tumor

showed

heterogeneous

lipiodol

uptake

dense

lipiodol

uptake

in

hypervascular

component

and

faint

lipiodol

uptake

in

hypovascular

component

white

arrow

on

lipiodol

CT

D.

Three

years

later

arterial

phase

CT

scan

showed

enhanced

recurrent

tumor

at

area

of

hypovascular

component

black

arrowheads

Area

of

hypervascular

component

was

shrunken

in

size

with

persistent

lipiodol

uptake

white

arrowhead

TACE

transarterial

chemoembolization


Fig. 8. Follow-up computed tomography (A) and positron emission tomography (B) images of Case 2 showing metastatic lesions at the pelvis (arrows).

Fig

Follow

up

computed

tomography

A

and

positron

emission

tomography

B

images

of

Case

showing

metastatic

lesions

at

the

pelvis

arrows


Fig. 7. 24-Year-old female with CD and vulvar-perineal swelling, without appreciable fistulous orifices. Sagittal (A) T2weighted and axial fat-suppressed postcontrast T1-weighted (B) images from perianal MRI disclose a 3.5-cm subcutaneous abscess collection in the right labial root (arrowheads) with non-enhancing fluid content and peripheral enhancement extending to the adjacent fat planes.

Fig

old

female

with

CD

and

vulvar

perineal

swelling

without

appreciable

fistulous

orifices

Sagittal

A

and

axial

fat

suppressed

postcontrast

B

images

from

perianal

MRI

disclose

a

subcutaneous

abscess

collection

in

the

right

labial

root

arrowheads

with

non

enhancing

fluid

content

and

peripheral

enhancement

extending

to

the

adjacent

fat

planes


Figure 3 — Pituitary adenoma with cystic changes. A) CT scan (following intravenous contrast) showing the tumour extending into the suprasellar region. B) NMR scan, coronal view clearly shows the large tumour.

Figure

Pituitary

adenoma

with

cystic

changes

A

CT

scan

following

intravenous

contrast

showing

the

tumour

extending

into

the

suprasellar

region

B

NMR

scan

coronal

view

clearly

shows

the

large

tumour


Figure 1 CT scan of our patient’s chest on admission to our hospital. (A) Chest CT scan shows GGO (arrow) in her left S10 lung segment of 1.3 cm in size. (B) Chest CT scan shows a solitary small nodule (arrow) of 5 mm in diameter in her left S4 segment.

Figure

CT

scan

of

our

patient

’s

chest

on

admission

to

our

hospital

A

Chest

CT

scan

shows

GGO

arrow

in

her

left

lung

segment

of

cm

in

size

B

Chest

CT

scan

shows

a

solitary

small

nodule

arrow

of

mm

in

diameter

in

her

left

segment


Figure 2. Representative examples of minor-grade (top row) and moderate-grade (bottom row) bleomycin-induced pulmonary changes on pretreatment, restaging, and follow-up computed tomography scans (left to right).

Figure

Representative

examples

of

minor

grade

top

row

and

moderate

grade

bottom

row

bleomycin

induced

pulmonary

changes

on

pretreatment

restaging

and

follow

up

computed

tomography

scans

left

to

right


Fig. 6. General linear model analysis of task-induced-deactivations (TIDs) in young and older adults across different task loads. Older adults showed smaller extent of TIDs relative to young subjects in both mPFC and posterior midline regions (A). Subjects showed greater deactivations at 2-back in middle dorsal cingulate and BA10 (B). There was a significant age-by-task-load interaction in the retrosplenial pCC (C) and posterior parahippocampus (D), with older adults showing relatively decreased deactivation with increasing task load (see also Fig. 7) when compared to younger subjects (see Supplementary materials for details). Middlesagittal (x = 0, A, B, C, F, G) and axial sections (z = −9, D) of the T1 template with overlaid deactivation t-maps. The color bar indicates T-values.

Fig

General

linear

model

analysis

of

task

induced

deactivations

TIDs

in

young

and

older

adults

across

different

task

loads

Older

adults

showed

smaller

extent

of

TIDs

relative

to

young

subjects

in

both

mPFC

and

posterior

midline

regions

A

Subjects

showed

greater

deactivations

at

in

middle

dorsal

cingulate

and

B

There

was

a

significant

age

by

task

load

interaction

in

the

retrosplenial

pCC

C

and

posterior

parahippocampus

D

with

older

adults

showing

relatively

decreased

deactivation

with

increasing

task

load

see

also

Fig

when

compared

to

younger

subjects

see

Supplementary

materials

for

details

Middlesagittal

x

A

B

C

F

G

and

axial

sections

z

−9

D

of

the

template

with

overlaid

deactivation

t

maps

The

color

bar

indicates

T

values


Fig. 1 Case 1: An 8-year-old male child presented with painful swelling in the dorsum of the right foot. a Anterior posterior (AP) plain radiograph of the right foot showing an expansive cystic lesion replacing the entire third metatarsal, except for the proximal and distal epiphyses. Diffuse endosteal thinning without a fracture, leaving the cortex as a thin shell with ‘‘a balloon’’ appearance, caused a pressure effect on the nearby metatarsals. b Transverse T2 MRI views of the right foot showing fluid level and hemorrhage

Fig

Case

An

old

male

child

presented

with

painful

swelling

in

the

dorsum

of

the

right

foot

a

Anterior

posterior

AP

plain

radiograph

of

the

right

foot

showing

an

expansive

cystic

lesion

replacing

the

entire

third

metatarsal

except

for

the

proximal

and

distal

epiphyses

Diffuse

endosteal

thinning

without

a

fracture

leaving

the

cortex

as

a

thin

shell

with

a

balloon

appearance

caused

a

pressure

effect

on

the

nearby

metatarsals

b

Transverse

MRI

views

of

the

right

foot

showing

fluid

level

and

hemorrhage


Figure 1 Sulcal reconstruction and identification. Principles and application for two randomly chosen patients (with or without visual symptoms during auras). After segmentation of brain voxels, grey and white matter voxels are determined and sulci skeletons reconstructed (top). Afterwards, sulci are identified. For the two patients, the calcarine sulcus is outlined with red arrows on native brain MRI. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the calcarine sulcus is shown for both sides. Note the difference in shape between the left and right calcarine sulci in the patient without visual symptoms during auras compared with the symmetry of both sides in the patient with visual symptoms during attacks.

Figure

Sulcal

reconstruction

and

identification

Principles

and

application

for

two

randomly

chosen

patients

with

or

without

visual

symptoms

during

auras

After

segmentation

of

brain

voxels

grey

and

white

matter

voxels

are

determined

and

sulci

skeletons

reconstructed

top

Afterwards

sulci

are

identified

For

the

two

patients

the

calcarine

sulcus

is

outlined

with

red

arrows

on

native

brain

MRI

Three

dimensional

reconstruction

of

the

calcarine

sulcus

is

shown

for

both

sides

Note

the

difference

in

shape

between

the

left

and

right

calcarine

sulci

in

the

patient

without

visual

symptoms

during

auras

compared

with

the

symmetry

of

both

sides

in

the

patient

with

visual

symptoms

during

attacks


Figure 2: Immunohistochemistry expression hnRNPK & Claudin-4 in eHCC and adjacent liver. (A) Cirrhotic liver nodules are showing nuclear hnRNPK (in focus), (IHC, DAB, ×100). (B) High grade (G23) early HCC (eHCC), showing nuclear (in focus) and cytoplasmic hnRNPK expression, (IHC, DAB, ×200).(C) Low grade (G1) early HCC (eHCC) and cirrhotic liver nodules with foci of weak cytoplasmic Claudin-4 (in focus), compared to normal moderate Claudin-4 in proliferated bile ductules (as an internal control) (IHC, DAB, ×200). (D) High grade (G2) early HCC (eHCC) shows weak cytoplasmic Claudin-4 (in focus), (IHC, DAB, ×100)

Figure

Immunohistochemistry

expression

hnRNPK

in

eHCC

and

adjacent

liver

A

Cirrhotic

liver

nodules

are

showing

nuclear

hnRNPK

in

focus

IHC

DAB

B

High

grade

early

HCC

eHCC

showing

nuclear

in

focus

and

cytoplasmic

hnRNPK

expression

IHC

DAB

Low

grade

early

HCC

eHCC

and

cirrhotic

liver

nodules

with

foci

of

weak

cytoplasmic

in

focus

compared

to

normal

moderate

in

proliferated

bile

ductules

as

an

internal

control

IHC

DAB

D

High

grade

early

HCC

eHCC

shows

weak

cytoplasmic

in

focus

IHC

DAB


Figure 3. Solitary fibrous tumor in a 16-year-old boy. A, Transverse sonogram obtained over the lateral aspect of the elbow showing a hypo - echoic solid ovoid mass (arrows) in the lateral aspect of the lateral head of the distal triceps brachii muscle (LHT), abutting the superficial fascia of the triceps. B, Corresponding color Doppler image showing flow within the mass.

Figure

Solitary

fibrous

tumor

in

a

old

boy

A

Transverse

sonogram

obtained

over

the

lateral

aspect

of

the

elbow

showing

a

hypo

echoic

solid

ovoid

mass

arrows

in

the

lateral

aspect

of

the

lateral

head

of

the

distal

triceps

brachii

muscle

LHT

abutting

the

superficial

fascia

of

the

triceps

B

Corresponding

color

Doppler

image

showing

flow

within

the

mass


Figure 5 | (a) SEM image of the as-synthesized 3D TiO 2 /WO 3 mesoporous networks. (b) EDS spectroscopy of the sample. (c) and (d) EDS elemental mapping of Ti and W, respectively. (e) and (f) Low-magnification TEM and HRTEM images, respectively.

Figure

a

SEM

image

of

the

as

synthesized

TiO

/WO

mesoporous

networks

b

EDS

spectroscopy

of

the

sample

c

and

d

EDS

elemental

mapping

of

Ti

and

W

respectively

e

and

f

Low

magnification

TEM

and

HRTEM

images

respectively


FIGURE 11 Thick section of the intoxicated neuromuscular junction stimulated after incubation with 4-AP to show typical x-ray spectrum from probing the areas pointed by arrows . (A) Electron-dense granules in the terminal mitochondria. (B) synaptic vesicles in the terminal . (C) Extracellular space . (D) Electron-dense granules in the muscle mitochondria . Prominent peaks at the energy characteristic of calcium (3 .6-3 .8 keV) are distinguishable at electron-dense granules in A and D . x 73,000.

FIGURE

Thick

section

of

the

intoxicated

neuromuscular

junction

stimulated

after

incubation

with

to

show

typical

x

ray

spectrum

from

probing

the

areas

pointed

by

arrows

A

Electron

dense

granules

in

the

terminal

mitochondria

B

synaptic

vesicles

in

the

terminal

C

Extracellular

space

D

Electron

dense

granules

in

the

muscle

mitochondria

Prominent

peaks

at

the

energy

characteristic

of

calcium

keV

are

distinguishable

at

electron

dense

granules

in

A

and

D

x


Fig. 1 Radiotherapy has a good effect on advanced liver cancer. a-d Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was used to deliver 5000 cGy to the planning target volume (PTV) in 25 fractions, given once a day over 32 days. a CT scans before treatment (left) and at 2 months after treatment (right). b CT scans before treatment (left) and at 3 months after treatment (right). c CT scans before treatment (left), at 3 months after treatment, and at 10 months after combination transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) treatment (right). d CT scans before treatment (left) and at 3 months and at 8 months after treatment (right)

Fig

Radiotherapy

has

a

good

effect

on

advanced

liver

cancer

a

d

Intensity

modulated

radiotherapy

IMRT

was

used

to

deliver

cGy

to

the

planning

target

volume

PTV

in

fractions

given

once

a

day

over

days

a

CT

scans

before

treatment

left

and

at

months

after

treatment

right

b

CT

scans

before

treatment

left

and

at

months

after

treatment

right

c

CT

scans

before

treatment

left

at

months

after

treatment

and

at

months

after

combination

transarterial

chemoembolization(TACE

treatment

right

d

CT

scans

before

treatment

left

and

at

months

and

at

months

after

treatment

right


Figure 4 Coronal section of a brain containing implanted tumour from a mouse sensitised via the i.p. route with porphyrin 7 at a dose of 75 mg kg-1 body weight. The same section is photographed under UV light (a) and stained with haematoxylin/ eosin (b).

Figure

Coronal

section

of

a

brain

containing

implanted

tumour

from

a

mouse

sensitised

via

the

i.p

route

with

porphyrin

at

a

dose

of

mg

body

weight

The

same

section

is

photographed

under

UV

light

a

and

stained

with

haematoxylin/

eosin

b


Fig. 2 Balloon dilatation for the treatment of membranous stenosis in the jejunum. a The stenotic lesion resembled a pin hole. b A balloon catheter was inserted through the site of stenosis. c Dilatation was performed. d The endoscope was inserted through the opening

Fig

Balloon

dilatation

for

the

treatment

of

membranous

stenosis

in

the

jejunum

a

The

stenotic

lesion

resembled

a

pin

hole

b

A

balloon

catheter

was

inserted

through

the

site

of

stenosis

c

Dilatation

was

performed

d

The

endoscope

was

inserted

through

the

opening


Figure 4 Male age 34 with HD. (a) CT scan pretreatment: mass of paratracheal nodes. (b) CT scan post treatment: residual R paratracheal mass of fibrous tissue (conflrmed at thoracotomy).

Figure

Male

age

with

HD

a

CT

scan

pretreatment

mass

of

paratracheal

nodes

b

CT

scan

post

treatment

residual

R

paratracheal

mass

of

fibrous

tissue

conflrmed

at

thoracotomy


FIGURE 2. c) Airway wall measurement using the full-width at half-maximum algorithm. A representative x-ray attenuation curve for a ray that passes from the lumen through the airway wall and into the parenchyma is shown. The thickness of the wall is determined using the half-maximum point of the change in x-ray attenuation as the ray enters and exits the wall. A representative computed tomography image (a) and a magnified view of an airway (b) are shown. The rays can be seen to start at the lumen boundary of the wall and extend to the outer edge. Of note, some rays extend into the pulmonary artery because the artery has similar x-ray attenuation values as the airway wall. Those rays are manually deleted and the outer airway border is estimated from the remaining rays using a mathematical spline function. HU: Hounsfield unit.

FIGURE

c

Airway

wall

measurement

using

the

full

width

at

half

maximum

algorithm

A

representative

x

ray

attenuation

curve

for

a

ray

that

passes

from

the

lumen

through

the

airway

wall

and

into

the

parenchyma

is

shown

The

thickness

of

the

wall

is

determined

using

the

half

maximum

point

of

the

change

in

x

ray

attenuation

as

the

ray

enters

and

exits

the

wall

A

representative

computed

tomography

image

a

and

a

magnified

view

of

an

airway

b

are

shown

The

rays

can

be

seen

to

start

at

the

lumen

boundary

of

the

wall

and

extend

to

the

outer

edge

Of

note

some

rays

extend

into

the

pulmonary

artery

because

the

artery

has

similar

x

ray

attenuation

values

as

the

airway

wall

Those

rays

are

manually

deleted

and

the

outer

airway

border

is

estimated

from

the

remaining

rays

using

a

mathematical

spline

function

HU

Hounsfield

unit


Figure 1A,B: Chest CT showing bilateral separate nodules.

Figure

B

Chest

CT

showing

bilateral

separate

nodules


Fig. 2. Woman 51 years of age, screening mammography of the left breast. (a) Microcalcifi cation lesion in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast (white arrow). (b) Spot compression magnifi cation mammogram of BI-RADS 5 microcalcifi cation lesion. (c) Transverse contrast-enhanced T1 FLASH 3D MRI, subtraction image. Stippled, clumped and heterogeneous enhancement of microcalcifi cation lesion (white arrows). (d) Breast MRI, time to intensity curve. Rapid initial rise and the washout pattern (type 3) of enhancement. Final histology was intermediate – grade DCIS.

Fig

Woman

years

of

age

screening

mammography

of

the

left

breast

a

Microcalcifi

cation

lesion

in

the

upper

outer

quadrant

of

the

left

breast

white

arrow

b

Spot

compression

magnifi

cation

mammogram

of

BI

RADS

microcalcifi

cation

lesion

c

Transverse

contrast

enhanced

FLASH

MRI

subtraction

image

Stippled

clumped

and

heterogeneous

enhancement

of

microcalcifi

cation

lesion

white

arrows

d

Breast

MRI

time

to

intensity

curve

Rapid

initial

rise

and

the

washout

pattern

type

of

enhancement

Final

histology

was

intermediate

grade

DCIS


Figure 2. Pathologic characteristics of EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly. (A): EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly infiltrating soft tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin, ϫ100. (B): Monomorphic pattern displaying large cells with immunoblastic features, characterized by central prominent nucleoli. Hematoxylin and eosin, ϫ400. (C): Polymorphic pattern displaying large cells admixed with abundant reactive inflammatory cells, mainly small lymphocytes. Hematoxylin and eosin, ϫ400. (D): CD20. Positivity for CD20 is consistent with a B-cell lineage. Immunohistochemistry, ϫ400. (E): MUM-1 (nuclear pattern). Most EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly are positive for MUM-1, consistent with a nongerminal center cell phenotype. Immunohistochemistry, ϫ400. (F): EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) (nuclear pattern). In situ hybridization, ϫ400. Abbreviations: DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.

Figure

Pathologic

characteristics

of

EBV

positive

DLBCL

of

the

elderly

A

EBV

positive

DLBCL

of

the

elderly

infiltrating

soft

tissue

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

B

Monomorphic

pattern

displaying

large

cells

with

immunoblastic

features

characterized

by

central

prominent

nucleoli

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

C

Polymorphic

pattern

displaying

large

cells

admixed

with

abundant

reactive

inflammatory

cells

mainly

small

lymphocytes

Hematoxylin

and

eosin

D

Positivity

for

is

consistent

with

a

B

cell

lineage

Immunohistochemistry

E

nuclear

pattern

Most

EBV

positive

DLBCL

of

the

elderly

are

positive

for

consistent

with

a

nongerminal

center

cell

phenotype

Immunohistochemistry

F

EBV

encoded

RNA

EBER

nuclear

pattern

In

situ

hybridization

Abbreviations

DLBCL

diffuse

large

B

cell

lymphoma

EBV

Epstein

Barr

virus


Figure 2 (a, b) Representative findings of patient 5. Pain and paresthesia remained in the left arm of a 52-year-old man who had undergone laminoplasty from C3 to C7 for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. (a) CT-myelogram demonstrated disc bulging and spur formation in the left neural foramen (black arrow) at the C5–6 level. (b) CT scan after two-level corpectomy shows successful anterior decompression

Figure

a

b

Representative

findings

of

patient

Pain

and

paresthesia

remained

in

the

left

arm

of

a

old

man

who

had

undergone

laminoplasty

from

to

for

cervical

spondylotic

myelopathy

a

CT

myelogram

demonstrated

disc

bulging

and

spur

formation

in

the

left

neural

foramen

black

arrow

at

the

level

b

CT

scan

after

two

level

corpectomy

shows

successful

anterior

decompression


Figure 1 (A) A b-mode ultrasound image of a parasternal short-axis view of a mouse heart. The dotted line indicates where the ultrasound beam will create the m-mode image. (B) An m-mode image of a parasternal short-axis view of a mouse heart. The arrows show the corresponding locations bewtween b-mode and m-mode images.

Figure

A

A

b

mode

ultrasound

image

of

a

parasternal

short

axis

view

of

a

mouse

heart

The

dotted

line

indicates

where

the

ultrasound

beam

will

create

the

m

mode

image

B

An

m

mode

image

of

a

parasternal

short

axis

view

of

a

mouse

heart

The

arrows

show

the

corresponding

locations

bewtween

b

mode

and

m

mode

images


Fig . 16.- Case 12 . Ventricular shunt function in 37-week-gestation infant with meningomyelocele and mild head enlargement. Axial ( A) and coronal (8 ) views at age 2 · days. Moderate to severe d1latal10n of lateral (LV) and third (V3) ventric les . Septum pellucidum (SP). Follow-up examina tion (C and D) 9 days tater after temporary vent ricular shunt. Lateral and third vent ri cles diminished, a lthough still mi ldly enlarged . Further fo llow-up 2 weeks later because increasing head size suggested shunt malfunction. E and F . Inc reased vent ricular size. Malfunctioning shunt (S) r eplaced . G and H . Postoperative examination 1 month later . Ventricles collapsed and slitlike . When ventricles collapse. skull diminishes. sutures c lose and even tend to overlap (causing technical problems in obtaining good quality scans).

Fig

Case

Ventricular

shunt

function

in

gestation

infant

with

meningomyelocele

and

mild

head

enlargement

Axial

A

and

coronal

views

at

age

days

Moderate

to

severe

of

lateral

LV

and

third

ventric

les

Septum

pellucidum

SP

Follow

up

examina

tion

C

and

D

days

tater

after

temporary

vent

ricular

shunt

Lateral

and

third

vent

ri

cles

diminished

a

lthough

still

mi

ldly

enlarged

Further

fo

llow

up

weeks

later

because

increasing

head

size

suggested

shunt

malfunction

E

and

F

Inc

reased

vent

ricular

size

Malfunctioning

shunt

S

r

eplaced

G

and

H

Postoperative

examination

month

later

Ventricles

collapsed

and

slitlike

When

ventricles

collapse

skull

diminishes

sutures

c

lose

and

even

tend

to

overlap

causing

technical

problems

in

obtaining

good

quality

scans


Figure 1. (A) DCs under scan electron microscope. DCs on day 10 displayed typical morphology with elongated dendritic processes under scan electron microscope (× 3,000). (B) DCs under transmission electron microscope. DCs on day 10 displayed typical morphology with elongated dendritic processes under transmission electron microscope (× 4,000).

Figure

A

DCs

under

scan

electron

microscope

DCs

on

day

displayed

typical

morphology

with

elongated

dendritic

processes

under

scan

electron

microscope

B

DCs

under

transmission

electron

microscope

DCs

on

day

displayed

typical

morphology

with

elongated

dendritic

processes

under

transmission

electron

microscope


Fig. 3 A Oblique axial plane in CT multiplanar reconstruction showing right and left isthmus width. B Parasagittal oblique plane with optimal screw length and isthmus height

Fig

A

Oblique

axial

plane

in

CT

multiplanar

reconstruction

showing

right

and

left

isthmus

width

B

Parasagittal

oblique

plane

with

optimal

screw

length

and

isthmus

height


Figure 1: (a) Bilateral pediatric testicular tumors before surgery. (b) Seven months after left radical orchiectomy on T1WI. (c) T2-trim MRI sequences visualize the right testicular tumor image after the first surgery. (d) Endodermal sinus-like in the left testicular mass (Schiller-Duval body). (e) Microcystic pattern in the left testicular mass. (f) Corneous flakes and squamous epithelial cells in the right testicular mass. T1WI:T1 weighted image; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

Figure

a

Bilateral

pediatric

testicular

tumors

before

surgery

b

Seven

months

after

left

radical

orchiectomy

on

c

MRI

sequences

visualize

the

right

testicular

tumor

image

after

the

first

surgery

d

Endodermal

sinus

like

in

the

left

testicular

mass

Schiller

Duval

body

e

Microcystic

pattern

in

the

left

testicular

mass

f

Corneous

flakes

and

squamous

epithelial

cells

in

the

right

testicular

mass

weighted

image

MRI

magnetic

resonance

imaging


Figure 7. Autoradiographical localization of [3H]CCK8 binding sites in lo-pm sagittal sections of brain (A and B) and in pancreas (C and D) with darkfield optics. CaZibrution bars = 200 pm. A, Cortex occipitalis (CO)-note the intense labeling in layers III and IV (s) and the virtual absence of labeling in the adjacent brachium colliculi superioris (SC). B, Cerebellum-this region contains virtually background levels of labeling. gr, lamina granularis; mol, lamina molecularis; my, myelin. C and D, Pancreas-total (C) and nonspecific binding (D) in adjacent sections.

Figure

Autoradiographical

localization

of

binding

sites

in

lo

pm

sagittal

sections

of

brain

A

and

B

and

in

pancreas

C

and

D

with

darkfield

optics

CaZibrution

bars

pm

A

Cortex

occipitalis

CO)-note

the

intense

labeling

in

layers

III

and

IV

s

and

the

virtual

absence

of

labeling

in

the

adjacent

brachium

colliculi

superioris

SC

B

Cerebellum

this

region

contains

virtually

background

levels

of

labeling

gr

lamina

granularis

mol

lamina

molecularis

my

myelin

C

and

D

Pancreas

total

C

and

nonspecific

binding

D

in

adjacent

sections


Figure 2 Confirmation of the IOFB location before surgery (patient No.4) A-C: Coronal and sagittal position of CT-scan, the IOFB located at pars plana of ciliary; D: Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)-scan showed a 0.82 mm foreign body at pars plana of ciliary, with no adhesion to surrounding tissues.

Figure

Confirmation

of

the

IOFB

location

before

surgery

patient

A

C

Coronal

and

sagittal

position

of

CT

scan

the

IOFB

located

at

pars

plana

of

ciliary

D

Ultrasound

biomicroscopy

UBM)-scan

showed

a

mm

foreign

body

at

pars

plana

of

ciliary

with

no

adhesion

to

surrounding

tissues


Fig. 2. Demonstration of instrumentation positioning and corresponding intraoperative fluoroscopic view (A) of the unilateral biportal technique. The surgeon holds the endoscope in his left hand (B) which corresponds to the blue viewing portal (C). Instruments in the surgeon’s right hand (B) may be passed through the red working portal (C).

Fig

Demonstration

of

instrumentation

positioning

and

corresponding

intraoperative

fluoroscopic

view

A

of

the

unilateral

biportal

technique

The

surgeon

holds

the

endoscope

in

his

left

hand

B

which

corresponds

to

the

blue

viewing

portal

C

Instruments

in

the

surgeon

’s

right

hand

B

may

be

passed

through

the

red

working

portal

C


Fig. 1. Osteochondral lesions of bilateral femoral heads in 20-year-old female. F. Coronal T1-weighted MRI (TR/TE, 374/20) (T1WI) and sagittal T2-weighted MRI (TR/TE, 1500/29) (T2WI) show similar lesion, which manifested in right femoral head. G. MRI of local referral hospital obtained 2 months before first visit to our hospital. Coronal T1WI (TR/TE, 666/12) shows wedge shaped area of hypointensity in superomedial portion of left femoral head (arrow). Coronal T2WI with fat suppression (TR/TE, 4460/57) shows corresponding area of hyperintensity (arrow). Overlying articular cartilage is difficult to observe on these images. Subchondral cysts are seen in right femoral head. TE = echo time, TR = repetition time

Fig

Osteochondral

lesions

of

bilateral

femoral

heads

in

old

female

F.

Coronal

MRI

TR

TE

and

sagittal

MRI

TR

TE

show

similar

lesion

which

manifested

in

right

femoral

head

G.

MRI

of

local

referral

hospital

obtained

months

before

first

visit

to

our

hospital

Coronal

TR

TE

shows

wedge

shaped

area

of

hypointensity

in

superomedial

portion

of

left

femoral

head

arrow

Coronal

with

fat

suppression

TR

TE

shows

corresponding

area

of

hyperintensity

arrow

Overlying

articular

cartilage

is

difficult

to

observe

on

these

images

Subchondral

cysts

are

seen

in

right

femoral

head

TE

echo

time

TR

repetition

time


Figure 1. (A) Brain magnetic resonance angiography showing an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) (arrow) on the day of stroke. (B) Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed no new abnormalities on the day of the stroke. (C) CT scan 6 days after the stroke revealed the presence of an infarction in the supply area of the MCA (arrowhead).

Figure

A

Brain

magnetic

resonance

angiography

showing

an

occlusion

of

the

left

middle

cerebral

artery

MCA

arrow

on

the

day

of

stroke

B

Brain

computed

tomography

CT

revealed

no

new

abnormalities

on

the

day

of

the

stroke

C

CT

scan

days

after

the

stroke

revealed

the

presence

of

an

infarction

in

the

supply

area

of

the

MCA

arrowhead


Figure 3. Representative retromode images of an eye with outer macular retinoschisis. (Top left) Fundus photograph of the right eye of a 77-year-old woman showing diffuse chorioretinal atrophy in the posterior fundus. (Top and middle right) Horizontal and vertical scans across the central fovea by optical coherence tomography (OCT) show macular retinoschisis with an inner lamellar hole in the central fovea. (Bottom) Retromode image by F10 shows a fingerprint pattern (black arrowheads) consisting of central radiating retinal striae and surrounding multiple dots (arrowhead) and lines (arrow). Many lines appear in parallel or in a whorled pattern. The inner lamellar hole is observed as a circular defect at the central fovea. Data are from Am J Ophthalmol (Tanaka et al. 4 ).

Figure

Representative

retromode

images

of

an

eye

with

outer

macular

retinoschisis

Top

left

Fundus

photograph

of

the

right

eye

of

a

old

woman

showing

diffuse

chorioretinal

atrophy

in

the

posterior

fundus

Top

and

middle

right

Horizontal

and

vertical

scans

across

the

central

fovea

by

optical

coherence

tomography

OCT

show

macular

retinoschisis

with

an

inner

lamellar

hole

in

the

central

fovea

Bottom

Retromode

image

by

shows

a

fingerprint

pattern

black

arrowheads

consisting

of

central

radiating

retinal

striae

and

surrounding

multiple

dots

arrowhead

and

lines

arrow

Many

lines

appear

in

parallel

or

in

a

whorled

pattern

The

inner

lamellar

hole

is

observed

as

a

circular

defect

at

the

central

fovea

Data

are

from

Am

J

Ophthalmol

Tanaka

et

al


Fig 4: Postoperative MRI, Coronal, axial and sagittal T1 with Gd-DTPA which showed complete removal of the tumor

Fig

Postoperative

MRI

Coronal

axial

and

sagittal

with

Gd

DTPA

which

showed

complete

removal

of

the

tumor


Figure 4. Micro-structure of mitochondria in liver in rhesus monkeys. (A) in blank control group (×12 000), chromatin was evenly distributed in the nucleus of hepacytes, with clear nuclear membranes; swollen mitochondria can be seen inside cells; and rough endoplasmic reticulum was mildly dilated. (B) in AZT 50 mg/kg group (×12 000), compared with A, chromatin was slightly condensated with clear nuclear membranes; intracytoplasmic mitochondria was swollen at varied extents; and the glycogen particles were rich. (C) in metacavir 120 mg/kg group (×12 000), three months after the start of dosing, in hepatytes, nuclear chromatin was slightly condensated with clear nuclear membranes; intracytoplasmic mitochondria was swollen; and some glycogen particles disappeared. (D) in metacavir 120 mg/kg recovery phase (×12 000), compared with A, the morphology and structure was normal.

Figure

Micro

structure

of

mitochondria

in

liver

in

rhesus

monkeys

A

in

blank

control

group

chromatin

was

evenly

distributed

in

the

nucleus

of

hepacytes

with

clear

nuclear

membranes

swollen

mitochondria

can

be

seen

inside

cells

and

rough

endoplasmic

reticulum

was

mildly

dilated

B

in

AZT

mg

kg

group

compared

with

A

chromatin

was

slightly

condensated

with

clear

nuclear

membranes

intracytoplasmic

mitochondria

was

swollen

at

varied

extents

and

the

glycogen

particles

were

rich

C

in

metacavir

mg

kg

group

three

months

after

the

start

of

dosing

in

hepatytes

nuclear

chromatin

was

slightly

condensated

with

clear

nuclear

membranes

intracytoplasmic

mitochondria

was

swollen

and

some

glycogen

particles

disappeared

D

in

metacavir

mg

kg

recovery

phase

compared

with

A

the

morphology

and

structure

was

normal


FIGURE 5. Cell death occurred by apoptosis in xenograft tumors. Two methods were used to determine whether apoptosis was the mechanism of cell death in Y79 xenograft tumor cells. Sections were taken from tumors after treatment with MO, calcitriol, or 16,23-D 3 , and stained with either H&E to examine nuclear morphology or the 3Ј-overhang ligation technique to assess the nature of the DNA fragmentation found in dying cells. (A) H&E-stained section from a tumor treated for 5 weeks with 16,23-D 3 . The nuclei in dying cells were either pyknotic (✱) or in various stages of fragmentation (arrows). (B) Fluorescence micrograph of dying cells in tumor treated with 16,23-D 3 for 5 weeks, labeled by 3Ј-overhang ligation. 40 This technique ligates a biotin-tagged DNA PCR fragment with 3Ј-overhanging nucleotides to fragmented DNA in nuclei with similar 3Ј-overhanging ends. Dying cells in the xenograft tumors were strongly positive. In this experiment, the proportion of cells that stained with the ligation technique was similar to the proportion of cells that stained by TUNEL in adjacent sections. Scale bars, 20 m.

FIGURE

Cell

death

occurred

by

apoptosis

in

xenograft

tumors

Two

methods

were

used

to

determine

whether

apoptosis

was

the

mechanism

of

cell

death

in

xenograft

tumor

cells

Sections

were

taken

from

tumors

after

treatment

with

MO

calcitriol

or

and

stained

with

either

H&E

to

examine

nuclear

morphology

or

the

ligation

technique

to

assess

the

nature

of

the

DNA

fragmentation

found

in

dying

cells

A

H&E

stained

section

from

a

tumor

treated

for

weeks

with

The

nuclei

in

dying

cells

were

either

pyknotic

or

in

various

stages

of

fragmentation

arrows

B

Fluorescence

micrograph

of

dying

cells

in

tumor

treated

with

for

weeks

labeled

by

ligation

This

technique

ligates

a

biotin

tagged

DNA

PCR

fragment

with

nucleotides

to

fragmented

DNA

in

nuclei

with

similar

ends

Dying

cells

in

the

xenograft

tumors

were

strongly

positive

In

this

experiment

the

proportion

of

cells

that

stained

with

the

ligation

technique

was

similar

to

the

proportion

of

cells

that

stained

by

TUNEL

in

adjacent

sections

Scale

bars

m.


FIGURE 2 | Spine MRI before and after 7 months of metronomic chemotherapy. MRI evidence of disseminated leptomeningeal tumor in pre-treatment T1-weighted gadolinium enhanced sagittal view (A) disappeared after 7 months of metronomic chemotherapy (B).

FIGURE

Spine

MRI

before

and

after

months

of

metronomic

chemotherapy

MRI

evidence

of

disseminated

leptomeningeal

tumor

in

pre

treatment

gadolinium

enhanced

sagittal

view

A

disappeared

after

months

of

metronomic

chemotherapy

B


Fig. 5 a–d Use of prone chest CT to distinguish a lung nodule from subsegmental atelectasis. a Axial chest CT image taken in the supine position of a 9-yearold boy with anaplastic large cell lymphoma shows subpleural nodular opacity (arrow) in the dependent portion of the left lower lobe. b Prone CT image demonstrates disappearance of the subpleural nodular opacity indicating that the opacity seen on supine CT represented subsegmental atelectasis. c Axial chest CT image taken in the supine position of a 6-year-old boy with hepatoblastoma shows a lung nodule (arrow) in the right basal lung that needs to be distinguished from dependent opacity. d Prone CT image unequivocally reveals a tiny metastatic lung nodule (arrow)

Fig

a

d

Use

of

prone

chest

CT

to

distinguish

a

lung

nodule

from

subsegmental

atelectasis

a

Axial

chest

CT

image

taken

in

the

supine

position

of

a

boy

with

anaplastic

large

cell

lymphoma

shows

subpleural

nodular

opacity

arrow

in

the

dependent

portion

of

the

left

lower

lobe

b

Prone

CT

image

demonstrates

disappearance

of

the

subpleural

nodular

opacity

indicating

that

the

opacity

seen

on

supine

CT

represented

subsegmental

atelectasis

c

Axial

chest

CT

image

taken

in

the

supine

position

of

a

old

boy

with

hepatoblastoma

shows

a

lung

nodule

arrow

in

the

right

basal

lung

that

needs

to

be

distinguished

from

dependent

opacity

d

Prone

CT

image

unequivocally

reveals

a

tiny

metastatic

lung

nodule

arrow


Figure 2. Colonoscopy and histologic findings in duodenum. (A) The diffuse erosive ulcers and bleeding in the descending duodenum. (B) Inflammation in the mucous membrane with superficial erosion.

Figure

Colonoscopy

and

histologic

findings

in

duodenum

A

The

diffuse

erosive

ulcers

and

bleeding

in

the

descending

duodenum

B

Inflammation

in

the

mucous

membrane

with

superficial

erosion


Figure 5 (A) Forward-looking optical coherence tomography image acquired ex vivo of a peripheral chronic total occlusion (CTO). The image planes lies just below the surface of the CTO’s cap. (B) The corresponding histology with Masson’s Trichrome. (C) A longitudinal image reconstructed in a plane perpendicular to the white line seen in panel A. The white arrows delineate the external elastic lamina. The arrowheads are surface reflection artefacts at the air/tissue interface of the proximal cap. (D) Longitudinal section (perpendicular to the black line in panel B) shows the internal and external elastic laminas (black arrows and black arrowheads respectively)

Figure

A

Forward

looking

optical

coherence

tomography

image

acquired

ex

vivo

of

a

peripheral

chronic

total

occlusion

CTO

The

image

planes

lies

just

below

the

surface

of

the

CTO

’s

cap

B

The

corresponding

histology

with

Masson

’s

Trichrome

C

A

longitudinal

image

reconstructed

in

a

plane

perpendicular

to

the

white

line

seen

in

panel

A.

The

white

arrows

delineate

the

external

elastic

lamina

The

arrowheads

are

surface

reflection

artefacts

at

the

air

tissue

interface

of

the

proximal

cap

D

Longitudinal

section

perpendicular

to

the

black

line

in

panel

B

shows

the

internal

and

external

elastic

laminas

black

arrows

and

black

arrowheads

respectively


Fig. 1. Endoscopic images of the main lesion (single arrow) and the satellite lesion (double arrows) of early gastric cancer. Th e images were taken December 2005, when the initial diagnosis was made (A), subsequently on October 2006, 10 months aft er the diagnosis (B), on October 2009, 46 months aft er the diagnosis (C), and on March 2010, 51 months aft er the diagnosis (D).

Fig

Endoscopic

images

of

the

main

lesion

single

arrow

and

the

satellite

lesion

double

arrows

of

early

gastric

cancer

Th

e

images

were

taken

December

when

the

initial

diagnosis

was

made

A

subsequently

on

October

months

aft

er

the

diagnosis

B

on

October

months

aft

er

the

diagnosis

C

and

on

March

months

aft

er

the

diagnosis

D


Fig. 1A–B Measurement parameters are presented in these illustrations. (A) The dashed line represents the appropriate angulation on a reformatted workstation for obtaining the transverse CT image for each vertebra displaying both pedicles. (B) The dashed line represents the axis of the vertebra; the guideline was defined as the straight-line perpendicular to the axis of the vertebra that passed through the anterior tip of the vertebral canal. Pedicle length was defined as the

Fig

B

Measurement

parameters

are

presented

in

these

illustrations

A

The

dashed

line

represents

the

appropriate

angulation

on

a

reformatted

workstation

for

obtaining

the

transverse

CT

image

for

each

vertebra

displaying

both

pedicles

B

The

dashed

line

represents

the

axis

of

the

vertebra

the

guideline

was

defined

as

the

straight

line

perpendicular

to

the

axis

of

the

vertebra

that

passed

through

the

anterior

tip

of

the

vertebral

canal

Pedicle

length

was

defined

as

the


Figure 1 Entheseal-related bone changes shown by (A) an osteoarthritic distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint scanned using T2-weighted fat-suppressed coronal sequence (B) a T1-weighted coronal image of a different DIP joint and (C) the corresponding post-gadolinium image showing a bone erosion that enhances after contrast (open arrows). (A) Thickened ligaments, which were degenerative bilaterally with fraying at the enthesis, can be seen (arrowheads). Prominent bone oedema is seen on the proximal phalange (arrow), which has high signal. This oedema has a relationship with the ligament that articulates with the adjacent bone as shown in fig 2. (B, C) As in the case of bone oedema, erosions are commonly related to the collateral ligaments being present adjacent to the ligament (arrow heads). This shows how the position of the collateral ligaments influences the expression of periarticular bone oedema and bone erosion in hand osteoarthritis.

Figure

Entheseal

related

bone

changes

shown

by

A

an

osteoarthritic

distal

interphalangeal

DIP

joint

scanned

using

fat

suppressed

coronal

sequence

B

a

coronal

image

of

a

different

DIP

joint

and

C

the

corresponding

post

gadolinium

image

showing

a

bone

erosion

that

enhances

after

contrast

open

arrows

A

Thickened

ligaments

which

were

degenerative

bilaterally

with

fraying

at

the

enthesis

can

be

seen

arrowheads

Prominent

bone

oedema

is

seen

on

the

proximal

phalange

arrow

which

has

high

signal

This

oedema

has

a

relationship

with

the

ligament

that

articulates

with

the

adjacent

bone

as

shown

in

fig

B

C

As

in

the

case

of

bone

oedema

erosions

are

commonly

related

to

the

collateral

ligaments

being

present

adjacent

to

the

ligament

arrow

heads

This

shows

how

the

position

of

the

collateral

ligaments

influences

the

expression

of

periarticular

bone

oedema

and

bone

erosion

in

hand

osteoarthritis


Figure 3. Axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an osteochondrolipoma in the left scapular region. (A) T1-weighted sequence showing the mass with an almost homogeneous high signal intensity. (B) T2-weighted sequence showing the mass with almost homogeneous high signal intensity. (C) Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequence showing a faint peripheral and septal enhancement of the mass.

Figure

Axial

magnetic

resonance

imaging

MRI

of

an

osteochondrolipoma

in

the

left

scapular

region

A

sequence

showing

the

mass

with

an

almost

homogeneous

high

signal

intensity

B

sequence

showing

the

mass

with

almost

homogeneous

high

signal

intensity

C

Contrast

enhanced

fat

suppressed

sequence

showing

a

faint

peripheral

and

septal

enhancement

of

the

mass


Figure 1. The transverse (A), longitudinal (B), and radial (C) grayscale ultrasonograms of the right breast taken at the upper outer quadrant show an indistinct, oval, heterogeneous-echoic mass with posterior enhancement. Longitudinal (D) and radial (E) colorDoppler sonogram show disordered and branching vessels within the mass. (F) Strain elastogram shows homogeneous blue color coding in the mass, indicating the hard, elastic nature of the mass (red depicted as soft, green as intermediate, and blue as hard). (G) The strain ratio of the mass relative to the adjacent fat tissue was 4.78, also implying the apparent hard elasticity.

Figure

The

transverse

A

longitudinal

B

and

radial

C

grayscale

ultrasonograms

of

the

right

breast

taken

at

the

upper

outer

quadrant

show

an

indistinct

oval

heterogeneous

echoic

mass

with

posterior

enhancement

Longitudinal

D

and

radial

E

colorDoppler

sonogram

show

disordered

and

branching

vessels

within

the

mass

F

Strain

elastogram

shows

homogeneous

blue

color

coding

in

the

mass

indicating

the

hard

elastic

nature

of

the

mass

red

depicted

as

soft

green

as

intermediate

and

blue

as

hard

G

The

strain

ratio

of

the

mass

relative

to

the

adjacent

fat

tissue

was

also

implying

the

apparent

hard

elasticity


Fig 5. A 10-year-old female spayed cat with carcinoma at the canthus of the eye. Patient at presentation (A), and at 1 month follow-up after only 2 treatments of electrochemotherapy (B).

Fig

A

old

female

spayed

cat

with

carcinoma

at

the

canthus

of

the

eye

Patient

at

presentation

A

and

at

month

follow

up

after

only

treatments

of

electrochemotherapy

B


Figure 4 Control patient images. A-C: Patient 3 (no villous atrophy); D-F: Patient 4 (no villous atrophy); A, D: The grayscale endoscopic images; B, E: The threedimensional projections; C, F: Projections in false color. Note the lack of prominent protrusions evident in the three-dimensional projections of both patients, even though there is a dissimilar appearance of texture in the original two-dimensional endoscopic images.

Figure

Control

patient

images

A

C

Patient

no

villous

atrophy

D

F

Patient

no

villous

atrophy

A

D

The

grayscale

endoscopic

images

B

E

The

threedimensional

projections

C

F

Projections

in

false

color

Note

the

lack

of

prominent

protrusions

evident

in

the

three

dimensional

projections

of

both

patients

even

though

there

is

a

dissimilar

appearance

of

texture

in

the

original

two

dimensional

endoscopic

images


Fig. 1 Posteroanterior and lateral x-ray of a patient with radio-carpal arthrosis and DRUJ incongruence

Fig

Posteroanterior

and

lateral

x

ray

of

a

patient

with

radio

carpal

arthrosis

and

DRUJ

incongruence


Fig. 3. Transverse sections of lateral muscle of Pagellus bogaraveo aged 11 (A-C) and 23 (D) days. (A) SDH; (B and D) immunoreaction with BA-G5; (C): immunoreaction with 4-96. The superficial monolayer fibres (LSM) stain strongly for SDH, and weakly with BA-G5, whereas the new slow-red fibres (LR) close to the lateral line nerve are very strongly stained with both 4-96 and BA-G5. Fast-white (LW) muscle fibres are negative for all reactions. Li indicates liver, used as support tissue when the larvae were snap-frozen. Scale bar A, B, and C = 50 m and D = 25 m. Other symbols: SC, spinal cord, N, notochord.

Fig

Transverse

sections

of

lateral

muscle

of

Pagellus

bogaraveo

aged

A

C

and

D

days

A

SDH

B

and

D

immunoreaction

with

BA

C

immunoreaction

with

The

superficial

monolayer

fibres

LSM

stain

strongly

for

SDH

and

weakly

with

BA

whereas

the

new

slow

red

fibres

LR

close

to

the

lateral

line

nerve

are

very

strongly

stained

with

both

and

BA

Fast

white

LW

muscle

fibres

are

negative

for

all

reactions

Li

indicates

liver

used

as

support

tissue

when

the

larvae

were

snap

frozen

Scale

bar

A

B

and

C

m

and

D

m.

Other

symbols

SC

spinal

cord

N

notochord


Figure 3: Postoperative gadolinium enhanced T1 weighted MRI images of the cervical spinal cord depicting a nodule of heterogeneously enhancing tissue on the ventral surface of the medulla. Arrows in the sagittal (A) and axial (B) images depict the anterolateral, right sided, location of the nodule which may correspond to disseminated disease.

Figure

Postoperative

gadolinium

enhanced

weighted

MRI

images

of

the

cervical

spinal

cord

depicting

a

nodule

of

heterogeneously

enhancing

tissue

on

the

ventral

surface

of

the

medulla

Arrows

in

the

sagittal

A

and

axial

B

images

depict

the

anterolateral

right

sided

location

of

the

nodule

which

may

correspond

to

disseminated

disease


Fig. 1 Correlation between tumor volume depicted in multimodal imaging and dose distribution. A 82 year old patient with biopsy confirmed PCa (Gleason score 9) and an initial PSA of 8 ng/ml underwent mpMRI (a:T2w, b:ADC), PSMA PET/CT (c) and a planning CT (d) before EBRT. MpMRI depicted one lesion in the left lobe and PSMA PET depicted one lesion in the left lobe and one lesion in the right lobe. In picture D the IMRT dose-distribution with contours of the prostatic gland (red), PSMA PET (blue) and MRI (orange) are shown. Dmax (red dot) was located outside the DIL-imaging volume

Fig

Correlation

between

tumor

volume

depicted

in

multimodal

imaging

and

dose

distribution

A

year

old

patient

with

biopsy

confirmed

PCa

Gleason

score

and

an

initial

PSA

of

ng

ml

underwent

mpMRI

a

b

ADC

PSMA

PET

CT

c

and

a

planning

CT

d

before

EBRT

MpMRI

depicted

one

lesion

in

the

left

lobe

and

PSMA

PET

depicted

one

lesion

in

the

left

lobe

and

one

lesion

in

the

right

lobe

In

picture

D

the

IMRT

dose

distribution

with

contours

of

the

prostatic

gland

red

PSMA

PET

blue

and

MRI

orange

are

shown

Dmax

red

dot

was

located

outside

the

DIL

imaging

volume


Fig. 4. Intracellular localization of a PcCMPG1::GFP fusion protein without (A) and with (B) a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) within PcCMPG1. n, nucleus; c, cytoplasm.

Fig

Intracellular

localization

of

a

fusion

protein

without

A

and

with

B

a

putative

nuclear

localization

signal

NLS

within

n

nucleus

c

cytoplasm


Figure 2: Representative immunohistochemical sections. A. P16 strong cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. DAB x 25. B. P53 strong nuclear overexpression by all tumor cells. DAB x 100. C. CXCR4 expression by stromal cells was associated with a worse pattern of invasion. DAB x 200. D. CD20 heavily infiltrated frontal compartment. Moderately infiltrated intraepithelial compartment. DAB x 100.

Figure

Representative

immunohistochemical

sections

A.

strong

cytoplasmic

and

nuclear

expression

DAB

x

B.

strong

nuclear

overexpression

by

all

tumor

cells

DAB

x

C.

expression

by

stromal

cells

was

associated

with

a

worse

pattern

of

invasion

DAB

x

D.

heavily

infiltrated

frontal

compartment

Moderately

infiltrated

intraepithelial

compartment

DAB

x


Figure 2. a: axial image, b: MPR. An irregular-shaped nodular shadow is seen in the right S1, with air bronchogram.

Figure

a

axial

image

b

MPR

An

irregular

shaped

nodular

shadow

is

seen

in

the

right

with

air

bronchogram


Fig 2. MRI study of cyst disappearance. A. Sagittal T2WI MRI shows cysts before fibrin gel therapy. B. Sagittal T2WI MRI obtained 24 months after operation shows that the cysts disappeared completely. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118254.g002

Fig

MRI

study

of

cyst

disappearance

A.

Sagittal

MRI

shows

cysts

before

fibrin

gel

therapy

B.

Sagittal

MRI

obtained

months

after

operation

shows

that

the

cysts

disappeared

completely


Fig. 4a–d Standard slab MIP images in the postprocessing protocol make MDCTA of peripheral arteries on a routine basis feasible. Slab MIPs are easy and fast to create and to evaluate. The images depict the vasculature without superimposing bones (a and b). From the abdominal data set, MIP images are created in coronal projection to depict the renal arteries (b) and in sagittal projection to depict the celiac trunk and mesenteric arteries (d). The aorta is also depicted for evaluation. (c) Standard coronal slab MIPs from the data set of the upper legs are created, which are parallel to the superficial femoral and popliteal artery. (d) Standard coronal slab MIPS from the data set of the lower legs display the crural arteries

Fig

d

Standard

slab

MIP

images

in

the

postprocessing

protocol

make

MDCTA

of

peripheral

arteries

on

a

routine

basis

feasible

Slab

MIPs

are

easy

and

fast

to

create

and

to

evaluate

The

images

depict

the

vasculature

without

superimposing

bones

a

and

b

From

the

abdominal

data

set

MIP

images

are

created

in

coronal

projection

to

depict

the

renal

arteries

b

and

in

sagittal

projection

to

depict

the

celiac

trunk

and

mesenteric

arteries

d

The

aorta

is

also

depicted

for

evaluation

c

Standard

coronal

slab

MIPs

from

the

data

set

of

the

upper

legs

are

created

which

are

parallel

to

the

superficial

femoral

and

popliteal

artery

d

Standard

coronal

slab

MIPS

from

the

data

set

of

the

lower

legs

display

the

crural

arteries


Fig. 2. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure and pathologic findings of case 1. (A, B) Salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for metachronous recurrent superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The lesion is 32 cm from the incisors and previously treated with radiation. (C) The pathologic finding of the ESD specimen showing a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with lamina propria invasion. Ulceration with dilated vessels (white arrows), inflammatory infiltrates (black arrow), and mild fibrosis (arrowhead) in the lamina propria, so-called radiation change, are noted (H&E stain, ×200).

Fig

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

procedure

and

pathologic

findings

of

case

A

B

Salvage

endoscopic

submucosal

dissection

ESD

for

metachronous

recurrent

superficial

esophageal

squamous

cell

carcinoma

The

lesion

is

cm

from

the

incisors

and

previously

treated

with

radiation

C

The

pathologic

finding

of

the

ESD

specimen

showing

a

well

differentiated

squamous

cell

carcinoma

with

lamina

propria

invasion

Ulceration

with

dilated

vessels

white

arrows

inflammatory

infiltrates

black

arrow

and

mild

fibrosis

arrowhead

in

the

lamina

propria

so

called

radiation

change

are

noted

H&E

stain


Figure 1. Endoscopic findings of the proximal antrum in the first patient (a 39 years old woman). (A) Initial findings showed micronodules measuring 2-5 mm in diameter with a smooth surface. The findings are observed from the antrum to the low corpus of the stomach, indicating a diffuse-type nodular gastritis. (B) There were no remarkable changes in nodular elevation on chromoendoscopic findings 1 month after H. pylori eradication, even after applying 0.2% indigo carmine spray. There was also no change in diffuse-type nodular gastritis since the previous examination. (C) Indigo carmine (0.2%) chromoendoscopy conducted 3 months after successful H. pylori eradication revealed, diminished nodular elevations.

Figure

Endoscopic

findings

of

the

proximal

antrum

in

the

first

patient

a

years

old

woman

A

Initial

findings

showed

micronodules

measuring

mm

in

diameter

with

a

smooth

surface

The

findings

are

observed

from

the

antrum

to

the

low

corpus

of

the

stomach

indicating

a

diffuse

type

nodular

gastritis

B

There

were

no

remarkable

changes

in

nodular

elevation

on

chromoendoscopic

findings

month

after

H.

pylori

eradication

even

after

applying

indigo

carmine

spray

There

was

also

no

change

in

diffuse

type

nodular

gastritis

since

the

previous

examination

C

Indigo

carmine

chromoendoscopy

conducted

months

after

successful

H.

pylori

eradication

revealed

diminished

nodular

elevations


Fig. 1 a Transthoracic echocardiography shows the sac in the left ventricle (asterisk). b, c Multidetector computed tomography shows a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of sinus of Valsalva originated from left coronary sinus into left ventricle (arrow). LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium

Fig

a

Transthoracic

echocardiography

shows

the

sac

in

the

left

ventricle

asterisk

b

c

Multidetector

computed

tomography

shows

a

ruptured

pseudoaneurysm

of

sinus

of

Valsalva

originated

from

left

coronary

sinus

into

left

ventricle

arrow

LV

left

ventricle

LA

left

atrium


Figure 8 A 73-year-old patient with a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small intestine and metastatic spread to the liver. 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/MR shows increased uptake in 2 of the hepatic lesions, corresponding to overexpression of the somatostatin receptor (black arrows; A, PET; B, PET/MR fusion). (C) Diffusion-weighted MRI shows a third suspicious hepatic lesion that was not detected by PET, possibly due to loss of receptor expression (white open arrow). (D) A low apparent diffusion coefficient of this lesion, however, indicates that it indeed is a metastasis (white open arrow).

Figure

A

old

patient

with

a

neuroendocrine

carcinoma

of

the

small

intestine

and

metastatic

spread

to

the

liver

Ga

DOTATOC

PET

MR

shows

increased

uptake

in

of

the

hepatic

lesions

corresponding

to

overexpression

of

the

somatostatin

receptor

black

arrows

A

PET

B

PET

MR

fusion

C

Diffusion

weighted

MRI

shows

a

third

suspicious

hepatic

lesion

that

was

not

detected

by

PET

possibly

due

to

loss

of

receptor

expression

white

open

arrow

D

A

low

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

of

this

lesion

however

indicates

that

it

indeed

is

a

metastasis

white

open

arrow


Figure 2: A 3D visualizations of a scoliotic spine clearly reveal the 3D nature of the deformity at hand, i.e. not only a lateral displacement of the spine but also a rotation and deformation of the individual vertebrae. In this case, the CT data has been visualized from the right, the front, the left and the back of a patient.

Figure

A

visualizations

of

a

scoliotic

spine

clearly

reveal

the

nature

of

the

deformity

at

hand

i.e.

not

only

a

lateral

displacement

of

the

spine

but

also

a

rotation

and

deformation

of

the

individual

vertebrae

In

this

case

the

CT

data

has

been

visualized

from

the

right

the

front

the

left

and

the

back

of

a

patient


Figure 6: 76-year-old male with Gallbladder Varices. TECHNIQUE: Enhanced, helical sagittal (A), sagittal magnified (B), coronal (C), and coronal magnified (D) images via Philips iCT 256-slice were obtained of the abdomen and pelvis after the uneventful administration of oral contrast and 100 ml Omnipaque 350 at 4.5 cc/sec, 120 kV and 30 mAs, slice thickness 2.5 mm. FINDINGS: Sagittal (A and B) and coronal (C and D) plane CT with oral and IV contrast again showing gallbladder wall thickening and edema as well as varices (white arrow) within the gallbladder wall.

Figure

old

male

with

Gallbladder

Varices

TECHNIQUE

Enhanced

helical

sagittal

A

sagittal

magnified

B

coronal

C

and

coronal

magnified

D

images

via

Philips

iCT

were

obtained

of

the

abdomen

and

pelvis

after

the

uneventful

administration

of

oral

contrast

and

ml

Omnipaque

at

cc

sec

kV

and

mAs

slice

thickness

mm

FINDINGS

Sagittal

A

and

B

and

coronal

C

and

D

plane

CT

with

oral

and

IV

contrast

again

showing

gallbladder

wall

thickening

and

edema

as

well

as

varices

white

arrow

within

the

gallbladder

wall


Figure 1 a) Image taken on 20 January 2008 by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flying on NASA’s Terra satellite showing numerous plumes of dust blowing off the African coast to Canary Islands (accessible at: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/ view.php?id=19565). b) Location of CDC-type downdraft miniature suction traps and the location of the livestock in the Gran Canaria farm. Note that the number of animals does not correspond with the actual number of animals during the study.

Figure

a

Image

taken

on

January

by

the

Moderate

Resolution

Imaging

Spectroradiometer

MODIS

flying

on

NASA

’s

Terra

satellite

showing

numerous

plumes

of

dust

blowing

off

the

African

coast

to

Canary

Islands

accessible

at

b

Location

of

CDC

type

downdraft

miniature

suction

traps

and

the

location

of

the

livestock

in

the

Gran

Canaria

farm

Note

that

the

number

of

animals

does

not

correspond

with

the

actual

number

of

animals

during

the

study


Fig. 6 MP-RAGE 3T MRI (a, d, f) and corresponding coregistered 11C-PIB slices (b, c, e, g) from two representative patients from Stankoff et al. [83] (d–g correspond to the same patient). c Shows superposition of MRI and PET images. Arrows point to MA plaques, and arrowheads point to gray matter structures, both appearing as a loss of uptake on PET images. Reproduced from Ann Neurol, Stankoff et al. [83] with permission from the American Neurological Association

Fig

MP

RAGE

T

MRI

a

d

f

and

corresponding

coregistered

PIB

slices

b

c

e

g

from

two

representative

patients

from

Stankoff

et

al

d

g

correspond

to

the

same

patient

c

Shows

superposition

of

MRI

and

PET

images

Arrows

point

to

MA

plaques

and

arrowheads

point

to

gray

matter

structures

both

appearing

as

a

loss

of

uptake

on

PET

images

Reproduced

from

Ann

Neurol

Stankoff

et

al

with

permission

from

the

American

Neurological

Association


FIGURE 1: A soft tissue CT scan of the neck indicated lymphadenopathy A) Axial image at the level of the lower neck demonstrating a mildly enlarged left level 5B lymph node measuring up to 0.8 cm in the short axis. B) Coronal image at the level of the lower neck demonstrating two mildly enlarged left level 5B lymph nodes measuring up to 0.8 cm in the short axis.

FIGURE

A

soft

tissue

CT

scan

of

the

neck

indicated

lymphadenopathy

A

Axial

image

at

the

level

of

the

lower

neck

demonstrating

a

mildly

enlarged

left

level

lymph

node

measuring

up

to

cm

in

the

short

axis

B

Coronal

image

at

the

level

of

the

lower

neck

demonstrating

two

mildly

enlarged

left

level

lymph

nodes

measuring

up

to

cm

in

the

short

axis


Figure 1. a, b. Polymicrogyria and ventricular enlargement on brain magnetic resonance imaging of the patient

Figure

a

b.

Polymicrogyria

and

ventricular

enlargement

on

brain

magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

the

patient


Fig. 10. Meshes generated from medical data. (a) MRI scan of a human head. Resolution: 264x264x264. Dihedral angles: [4.33 • − 157.98 • ]. ≈ 5.3 million elements. (b) MRI scan of a human torso. Resolution: 208x96x208. Dihedral angles: [5.11 • − 159.91 • ]. ≈ 12.6 million elements.

Fig

Meshes

generated

from

medical

data

a

MRI

scan

of

a

human

head

Resolution

Dihedral

angles

million

elements

b

MRI

scan

of

a

human

torso

Resolution

Dihedral

angles

million

elements


Figure 1. This picture showed a typical case of relative filling time delay (rFTD): a 71-year-old male patient presenting with left hemiplegia and dysphasia arrived hospital and underwent computer tomography examination 81 minutes after onset. Computer tomography angiography indicated the occluded right internal carotid artery and M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery. Computer tomography perfusion source imaging (CTP-SI) illustrated that contrast signal (red arrow) firstly appeared in the normal side’s Sylvian fissure in 7:43:46 PM (A), whereas showed up in the occlusion side’s Sylvain fissure in 7:43:56 PM (B), therefore, the time gap of 10 s between bilateral contrast appearances in Sylvian fissure was identified as an rFTD.

Figure

This

picture

showed

a

typical

case

of

relative

filling

time

delay

rFTD

a

old

male

patient

presenting

with

left

hemiplegia

and

dysphasia

arrived

hospital

and

underwent

computer

tomography

examination

minutes

after

onset

Computer

tomography

angiography

indicated

the

occluded

right

internal

carotid

artery

and

segment

of

the

right

middle

cerebral

artery

Computer

tomography

perfusion

source

imaging

CTP

SI

illustrated

that

contrast

signal

red

arrow

firstly

appeared

in

the

normal

side

’s

Sylvian

fissure

in

PM

A

whereas

showed

up

in

the

occlusion

side

’s

Sylvain

fissure

in

PM

B

therefore

the

time

gap

of

s

between

bilateral

contrast

appearances

in

Sylvian

fissure

was

identified

as

an

rFTD


Figure 2. Characteristic endoscopic views. (A, B) Colonoscopy revealed bluish violet or dark-brownish mucosa in transverse colon (A) and ascending colon, ileocecal region (B). (C) Intestinal stenosis was noted in the hepatic flexure in patients with phlebosclerotic colitis (PC). (D) Colonoscopy showed dark purple appearance, with extensive erosions, ulcerations, and multi-focal nodular surface in a patient with PC.

Figure

Characteristic

endoscopic

views

A

B

Colonoscopy

revealed

bluish

violet

or

dark

brownish

mucosa

in

transverse

colon

A

and

ascending

colon

ileocecal

region

B

C

Intestinal

stenosis

was

noted

in

the

hepatic

flexure

in

patients

with

phlebosclerotic

colitis

PC

D

Colonoscopy

showed

dark

purple

appearance

with

extensive

erosions

ulcerations

and

multi

focal

nodular

surface

in

a

patient

with

PC


Fig 1. Endoscopic curettage of a bone cyst of the fibular head of the right knee. The patient is in the lateral position. Magnetic resonance imaging of the illustrated case shows the cystic lesion (arrowhead) of the fibular head. (A) Sagittal view and (B) transverse view. (F, fibula; T, tibia.)

Fig

Endoscopic

curettage

of

a

bone

cyst

of

the

fibular

head

of

the

right

knee

The

patient

is

in

the

lateral

position

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

of

the

illustrated

case

shows

the

cystic

lesion

arrowhead

of

the

fibular

head

A

Sagittal

view

and

B

transverse

view

F

fibula

T

tibia


FIGURE 6: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging in glioblastoma. MRI of a 64-year-old female with a right frontal glioblastoma as shown on pre-(a) and postcontrast T 1 -weighted imaging (b). DSC demonstrated elevated perfusion at location of contrast enhancement (c) and diffusion-weighted imaging showed decreased ADC laterally due to increased cellularity and elevated ADC in the necrotic core (d). IVIM imaging uses a biexponential model of signal decay (e). The diffusion signal is demonstrated in white for different b-values. With IVIM this signal decay can be divided into the flow-related pseudodiffusion (red dotted line) and the true diffusion (blue dotted line). The perfusion fraction (f) results from the signal difference between pseudodiffusion and true diffusion. The perfusion fraction demonstrated similar results to DSC-rCBV (c). A pseudodiffusion map is also shown (g). IVIM-derived true diffusion maps (h) are comparable to ADC with elevated values in the necrotic core. ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient, DSC = dynamic susceptibility contrast, IVIM = intravoxel incoherent motion, rCBV = relative cerebral blood volume.

FIGURE

Intravoxel

incoherent

motion

IVIM

diffusion

weighted

imaging

in

glioblastoma

MRI

of

a

old

female

with

a

right

frontal

glioblastoma

as

shown

on

pre-(a

and

postcontrast

T

-weighted

imaging

b

DSC

demonstrated

elevated

perfusion

at

location

of

contrast

enhancement

c

and

diffusion

weighted

imaging

showed

decreased

ADC

laterally

due

to

increased

cellularity

and

elevated

ADC

in

the

necrotic

core

d

IVIM

imaging

uses

a

biexponential

model

of

signal

decay

e

The

diffusion

signal

is

demonstrated

in

white

for

different

b

values

With

IVIM

this

signal

decay

can

be

divided

into

the

flow

related

pseudodiffusion

red

dotted

line

and

the

true

diffusion

blue

dotted

line

The

perfusion

fraction

f

results

from

the

signal

difference

between

pseudodiffusion

and

true

diffusion

The

perfusion

fraction

demonstrated

similar

results

to

DSC

rCBV

c

A

pseudodiffusion

map

is

also

shown

g

IVIM

derived

true

diffusion

maps

h

are

comparable

to

ADC

with

elevated

values

in

the

necrotic

core

ADC

apparent

diffusion

coefficient

DSC

dynamic

susceptibility

contrast

IVIM

intravoxel

incoherent

motion

rCBV

relative

cerebral

blood

volume


Figure 7. Pore filling and mica-asphaltenes interactions. X-ray cross-sectional image (a) and this image overlaid by the rendered surface of oil aggregations extracted from the neutron volume (b). Higher magnification of the figures (a,b) are displayed in (c,d), respectively.

Figure

Pore

filling

and

mica

asphaltenes

interactions

X

ray

cross

sectional

image

a

and

this

image

overlaid

by

the

rendered

surface

of

oil

aggregations

extracted

from

the

neutron

volume

b

Higher

magnification

of

the

figures

a

b

are

displayed

in

c

d

respectively


Figure 3. Patient No. 10 had a squamous cell carcinoma in the left hard palate, with tumor recurrence over the left palatine tonsil and invasion into the masseter muscle (A, black arrow). Complete response occurred after 6 months of treatment with pembrolizumab (B, black arrow). Patient No. 12 had a papillary thyroid cancer with surrounding invasion, and received palliative resection in 2014. Tumor recurrence (C, white arrow) in 2015 and a biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma, probably originating from the thyroid. A neck magnetic resonance imaging (D) showed complete response after 3 months of treatment with pembrolizumab.

Figure

Patient

No

had

a

squamous

cell

carcinoma

in

the

left

hard

palate

with

tumor

recurrence

over

the

left

palatine

tonsil

and

invasion

into

the

masseter

muscle

A

black

arrow

Complete

response

occurred

after

months

of

treatment

with

pembrolizumab

B

black

arrow

Patient

No

had

a

papillary

thyroid

cancer

with

surrounding

invasion

and

received

palliative

resection

in

Tumor

recurrence

C

white

arrow

in

and

a

biopsy

revealed

squamous

cell

carcinoma

probably

originating

from

the

thyroid

A

neck

magnetic

resonance

imaging

D

showed

complete

response

after

months

of

treatment

with

pembrolizumab


Fig. 1. Sagittal (A) and axial (B, C) T2-weighted MRI showing disc extrusion (white arrows) at the L4-5.

Fig

Sagittal

A

and

axial

B

C

MRI

showing

disc

extrusion

white

arrows

at

the