Fig 8. Enlarged ventricular dimensions in peke-face Persians. MRI midsagittal (A, D), dorsal (B, E), and transversal (C, F) T2-weighted MR-images of three peke-face Persians (A, B: 2 years old, female; B, C: 5 years old male; C, D: 2 years old, female). Images reveal severe dilatation of the lateral ventricles, reduction, and destruction of the cerebral parenchyma, as well as severe cerebellar herniation into the vertebral canal.

Fig

Enlarged

ventricular

dimensions

in

peke

face

Persians

MRI

midsagittal

A

D

dorsal

B

E

and

transversal

C

F

MR

images

of

three

peke

face

Persians

A

B

years

old

female

B

C

years

old

male

C

D

years

old

female

Images

reveal

severe

dilatation

of

the

lateral

ventricles

reduction

and

destruction

of

the

cerebral

parenchyma

as

well

as

severe

cerebellar

herniation

into

the

vertebral

canal


Figure 6. PET scan. A – Nodular hyperfixation area of FDG on the remaining parenchyma (white arrow); B – At 1 year and 4 months follow-up, the PET-CT scan showing no signs of disease relapse.

Figure

PET

scan

A

Nodular

hyperfixation

area

of

FDG

on

the

remaining

parenchyma

white

arrow

B

At

year

and

months

follow

up

the

PET

CT

scan

showing

no

signs

of

disease

relapse


FIG. 8. Simulation results for dual-object cases [unit used for columns (a)-(d): 10 −3 mm −1 ]. Column (a) set values; column (b) reconstruction based on the baseline method; column (c) reconstruction based on the reference-compensation method; column (d) reconstruction based on the GSD method; column (e) normalized contour plots along the dotted loops marked in columns (b)-(d). The shaded areas in column (e) indicate the object locations corresponding to those marked in column (a). Note that although the widths of the object remain constant for all three depth, the radial expansion represented by the shaded areas in column (d) decreases with respect to imaging depth. The dotted circles in column (d) indicate the object locations corresponding to those marked in column (a). The "err"s in subfigures of columns (b)-(d) represent the standard deviation of the reconstruction errors averaged by the number of components in the objective function. Column (d) has the best overall resolution of the two objects and the most accurate estimation of domain optical properties.

FIG

Simulation

results

for

dual

object

cases

unit

used

for

columns

a)-(d

−3

mm

−1

Column

a

set

values

column

b

reconstruction

based

on

the

baseline

method

column

c

reconstruction

based

on

the

reference

compensation

method

column

d

reconstruction

based

on

the

GSD

method

column

e

normalized

contour

plots

along

the

dotted

loops

marked

in

columns

b)-(d

The

shaded

areas

in

column

e

indicate

the

object

locations

corresponding

to

those

marked

in

column

a

Note

that

although

the

widths

of

the

object

remain

constant

for

all

three

depth

the

radial

expansion

represented

by

the

shaded

areas

in

column

d

decreases

with

respect

to

imaging

depth

The

dotted

circles

in

column

d

indicate

the

object

locations

corresponding

to

those

marked

in

column

a

The

err"s

in

subfigures

of

columns

b)-(d

represent

the

standard

deviation

of

the

reconstruction

errors

averaged

by

the

number

of

components

in

the

objective

function

Column

d

has

the

best

overall

resolution

of

the

two

objects

and

the

most

accurate

estimation

of

domain

optical

properties


Figure 4 MRI (at 3 T) of a 69-year-old female patient with a pT3 TCC of the bladder. (A) On the DW-MR image at a b value of 1000 s/mm 2 the tumour is seen as thickening of the anterior bladder wall with high signal intensity and with irregular outer margins extending into the surrounding fat tissue (arrows). (B) On the corresponding ADC map the tumour is visualized as thickening of the bladder wall with impeded diffusion, represented by colour shades of dark grey (arrows).

Figure

MRI

at

T

of

a

old

female

patient

with

a

TCC

of

the

bladder

A

On

the

DW

MR

image

at

a

b

value

of

s

mm

the

tumour

is

seen

as

thickening

of

the

anterior

bladder

wall

with

high

signal

intensity

and

with

irregular

outer

margins

extending

into

the

surrounding

fat

tissue

arrows

B

On

the

corresponding

ADC

map

the

tumour

is

visualized

as

thickening

of

the

bladder

wall

with

impeded

diffusion

represented

by

colour

shades

of

dark

grey

arrows


Figure 1 Immunohistochemical images of HNSCC with focal expression of stem cell markers and MIB1 (arrows): membrane staining using the anti-CD44 antibody (A), membrane staining using anti-CD24 antibody (B), membrane staining using anti-integrin-b1 antibody (C), cytoplasmic staining using the antiOct4 antobody (D), cytoplasmic staining using the anti-ALDH1 antibody (E) and nuclear staining using the MIB1 antibody (F).

Figure

Immunohistochemical

images

of

HNSCC

with

focal

expression

of

stem

cell

markers

and

arrows

membrane

staining

using

the

anti

antibody

A

membrane

staining

using

anti

antibody

B

membrane

staining

using

anti

integrin

antibody

C

cytoplasmic

staining

using

the

antobody

D

cytoplasmic

staining

using

the

anti

antibody

E

and

nuclear

staining

using

the

antibody

F


Fig. 1. Representative images of radiologic and macroscopic findings of a right testicular mass. Computed tomography (A) and ultrasound imaging (B) present a cystic mass (arrow in A) suspected to have a tumorous condition. (C) Surgical specimen reveals a mass with a unilocular cyst filled with mucinous materials.

Fig

Representative

images

of

radiologic

and

macroscopic

findings

of

a

right

testicular

mass

Computed

tomography

A

and

ultrasound

imaging

B

present

a

cystic

mass

arrow

in

A

suspected

to

have

a

tumorous

condition

C

Surgical

specimen

reveals

a

mass

with

a

unilocular

cyst

filled

with

mucinous

materials


Figure 3: Presurgical screening coronary computed tomography angiography (RR interval = 1114 ms) performed in Target CTA mode on a 61-year-old male with a history of aortic valve replacement. Curved multiplanar reconstruction images show the right coronary (a) and left anterior descending arteries (b) with minimal motion artifacts. The diagnostic phase was 68% for calcium scoring scan and 69.1% for coronary computed tomography angiography. The virtual window of 75% exposure was calculated as 70.0-80.4%, which does not include the CCTA diagnostic phase.

Figure

Presurgical

screening

coronary

computed

tomography

angiography

RR

interval

ms

performed

in

Target

CTA

mode

on

a

old

male

with

a

history

of

aortic

valve

replacement

Curved

multiplanar

reconstruction

images

show

the

right

coronary

a

and

left

anterior

descending

arteries

b

with

minimal

motion

artifacts

The

diagnostic

phase

was

for

calcium

scoring

scan

and

for

coronary

computed

tomography

angiography

The

virtual

window

of

exposure

was

calculated

as

which

does

not

include

the

CCTA

diagnostic

phase


Fig 1. Variation in X-ray digital radiography with respect to Beijing-You foot polydactyly. A-D show the different foot phenotypes of Beijing-You chicken, E-H show the X-ray digital radiography coordinately with A-D. A & E: non-polydactylous foot with four digits, identified from anterior to posterior (1, 2, 3, 4). B & F: Beijing-You foot with four digits, with a polyphalange in digit "1" making it digit "2" (2, 2, 3, 4). C & G: polydactylous Beijing-You foot with five digits (2, 1, 2, 3, 4). D & H: polydactylous Beijing-You foot with six digits (1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149010.g001

Fig

Variation

in

X

ray

digital

radiography

with

respect

to

Beijing

You

foot

polydactyly

A

D

show

the

different

foot

phenotypes

of

Beijing

You

chicken

E

H

show

the

X

ray

digital

radiography

coordinately

with

A

D.

A

E

non

polydactylous

foot

with

four

digits

identified

from

anterior

to

posterior

B

F

Beijing

You

foot

with

four

digits

with

a

polyphalange

in

digit

making

it

digit

C

G

polydactylous

Beijing

You

foot

with

five

digits

D

H

polydactylous

Beijing

You

foot

with

six

digits


Figure 2. Unilateral accessory breast tissue in the left axilla in a 42-year-old woman. A and B, Mediolateral oblique views of a screening mammogram showing focal asymmetry (arrows) in the left axilla. A sonographic examination was performed. C, Sonogram showing normal glandular tissue compatible with accessory breast tissue (arrowheads). If an axillary focal asymmetry is seen on a baseline screening examination, additional imaging evaluations should be undertaken to exclude other causes.

Figure

Unilateral

accessory

breast

tissue

in

the

left

axilla

in

a

old

woman

A

and

B

Mediolateral

oblique

views

of

a

screening

mammogram

showing

focal

asymmetry

arrows

in

the

left

axilla

A

sonographic

examination

was

performed

C

Sonogram

showing

normal

glandular

tissue

compatible

with

accessory

breast

tissue

arrowheads

If

an

axillary

focal

asymmetry

is

seen

on

a

baseline

screening

examination

additional

imaging

evaluations

should

be

undertaken

to

exclude

other

causes


Figure 2 Cone-beam computed tomography examination of the temporomandibular joint. A: Sagittal projection of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) showing increased posterior joint space; B: Coronal projection of the right TMJ showing increased medial and lateral joint space; C: Coronal projection of the left TMJ; D: Sagittal projection of the left TMJ.

Figure

Cone

beam

computed

tomography

examination

of

the

temporomandibular

joint

A

Sagittal

projection

of

the

right

temporomandibular

joint

TMJ

showing

increased

posterior

joint

space

B

Coronal

projection

of

the

right

TMJ

showing

increased

medial

and

lateral

joint

space

C

Coronal

projection

of

the

left

TMJ

D

Sagittal

projection

of

the

left

TMJ


Fig. 3 MRI of the spinal cord in a 15-year-old boy with acute transverse myelitis, eventually diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. a Sagittal T2 showing focal swelling of the spinal cord at level Th11–12. b Sagittal T1 showing contrast enhancement of the lesion

Fig

MRI

of

the

spinal

cord

in

a

old

boy

with

acute

transverse

myelitis

eventually

diagnosed

with

relapsing

remitting

multiple

sclerosis

a

Sagittal

showing

focal

swelling

of

the

spinal

cord

at

level

b

Sagittal

showing

contrast

enhancement

of

the

lesion


Figure 7: Case 2 Radiograph.Pre-operative radiographshowing implants from previous surgeryinsitu. Figure 8: Case 2post-operativeX-ray. Postoperative radiographshowing T4 to T10 pedicle screw fixation with vertebroplasty in affected vertebra T7. Broken part of screw from previous surgery is seen in T8.

Figure

Case

Radiograph

Pre

operative

radiographshowing

implants

from

previous

surgeryinsitu

Figure

Case

operativeX

ray

Postoperative

radiographshowing

to

pedicle

screw

fixation

with

vertebroplasty

in

affected

vertebra

Broken

part

of

screw

from

previous

surgery

is

seen

in


Fig 2. Duplex ultrasound of right vertebral artery: a) before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty showing partial steal phenomonenon - retrograde flow through right vertebral artery during systole (arrow); b) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty showing normal waveforms (arrow).

Fig

Duplex

ultrasound

of

right

vertebral

artery

a

before

percutaneous

transluminal

angioplasty

showing

partial

steal

phenomonenon

retrograde

flow

through

right

vertebral

artery

during

systole

arrow

b

after

percutaneous

transluminal

angioplasty

showing

normal

waveforms

arrow


FIGURE 6. ssDNA deposition after injection of 320 p.g ssDNA without (A) or with (B) previous injection of500 leg f3 . Indirect immunofluorescence using an SLE serum, containing antibodies to ssDNA . ssDNA is only seen along the capillary wall when preceded by injection of histone . Nuclear fluorescence is seen in all cases .

FIGURE

ssDNA

deposition

after

injection

of

p.g

ssDNA

without

A

or

with

B

previous

injection

leg

Indirect

immunofluorescence

using

an

SLE

serum

containing

antibodies

to

ssDNA

ssDNA

is

only

seen

along

the

capillary

wall

when

preceded

by

injection

of

histone

Nuclear

fluorescence

is

seen

in

all

cases


FIGURE 7. Correlative imaging by TEM andNanoSIMS of Gd-positive pigments (areas 1 and 2) examinated by EELS (C1 and C2: higher magnification of areas 1 and 2, respectively), in the DCN of a rat from the gadodiamide group. These pigments were found, by NanoSIMS, to be rich in sulfur (A), consistent with the hypothesis that they are lipofuscin pigments. Presence of P was observed in some parts of the pigments (B1, B2), coinciding with Gd-positive areas observed by EELS (C1, C2, respectively).

FIGURE

Correlative

imaging

by

TEM

andNanoSIMS

of

Gd

positive

pigments

areas

and

examinated

by

EELS

and

higher

magnification

of

areas

and

respectively

in

the

DCN

of

a

rat

from

the

gadodiamide

group

These

pigments

were

found

by

NanoSIMS

to

be

rich

in

sulfur

A

consistent

with

the

hypothesis

that

they

are

lipofuscin

pigments

Presence

of

P

was

observed

in

some

parts

of

the

pigments

coinciding

with

Gd

positive

areas

observed

by

EELS

respectively


Fig. 1. (A) Schematic image of a multipurpose conical porous synthetic orbital implant (MCOI; Medpor, Porex Surgical, College Park, GA, USA). Posterior projection parallel to the orbital walls. The front end is flattened and widened. (B) Sagittal view of the MCOI in magnetic resonance imaging. (C) Conal-shaped MCOI.

Fig

A

Schematic

image

of

a

multipurpose

conical

porous

synthetic

orbital

implant

MCOI

Medpor

Porex

Surgical

College

Park

GA

USA

Posterior

projection

parallel

to

the

orbital

walls

The

front

end

is

flattened

and

widened

B

Sagittal

view

of

the

MCOI

in

magnetic

resonance

imaging

C

Conal

shaped

MCOI


Figure 1. Computed tomography shows (A) a poorly‑defined mass in the nasal cavity. (B) Histopathology reveals groups of polygonal tumor cells (hematoxylin and eosin stain). Immunohistochemistry shows (C) positive staining for CD56 and (D) negative staining for cytokeratin. Magnification, x400.

Figure

Computed

tomography

shows

A

a

poorly‑defined

mass

in

the

nasal

cavity

B

Histopathology

reveals

groups

of

polygonal

tumor

cells

hematoxylin

and

eosin

stain

Immunohistochemistry

shows

C

positive

staining

for

and

D

negative

staining

for

cytokeratin

Magnification


Fig. 6 Analysis of abnormal compound leaves in the rel mutants. (A-C) Comparison of compound leaves among wild type (L. japonicus, Gifu ecotype) (A), rel1 (B), and rel3 (C); TL: top leaflet; LL: lateral leaflet; BL: bottom leaflet. (D-F) Comparison of leaflet initiation by SEM among wild type (D), rel1 (E) and rel3 (F); Numbers indicate the sequential initiation of leaflet primordia (The fourth leaflet primordia of wild type is shielded by the next compound leaf primordia). (G-I) Comparison of adaxial epidermis by SEM among wild type (G), rel1 (H) and rel3 (I). (J-L) Comparison of abaxial epidermis by SEM among wild type (J), rel1 (K) and rel3 (L); only the proximal parts being showed, in which arrow indicates the elongated cells. (M-O) Histological transverse sections of leaflet blade among wild type (L. japonicus, Gifu ecotype) (M), rel1 (N), and rel3 (O). Scale bar = 50 µm.

Fig

Analysis

of

abnormal

compound

leaves

in

the

rel

mutants

A

C

Comparison

of

compound

leaves

among

wild

type

L.

japonicus

Gifu

ecotype

A

B

and

C

TL

top

leaflet

LL

lateral

leaflet

BL

bottom

leaflet

D

F

Comparison

of

leaflet

initiation

by

SEM

among

wild

type

D

E

and

F

Numbers

indicate

the

sequential

initiation

of

leaflet

primordia

The

fourth

leaflet

primordia

of

wild

type

is

shielded

by

the

next

compound

leaf

primordia

G

I

Comparison

of

adaxial

epidermis

by

SEM

among

wild

type

G

H

and

I

J

L

Comparison

of

abaxial

epidermis

by

SEM

among

wild

type

J

K

and

L

only

the

proximal

parts

being

showed

in

which

arrow

indicates

the

elongated

cells

M

O

Histological

transverse

sections

of

leaflet

blade

among

wild

type

L.

japonicus

Gifu

ecotype

M

N

and

O

Scale

bar

µm


Figure 4. MRI images from severe MVEV. (A) Case 6 FLAIR MRI 4 days and (B) case 2 FLAIR MRI 37 days after illness onset showing high signal in the thalami (arrows), subthalamus, red nuclei, and substantia nigra (arrowhead).

Figure

MRI

images

from

severe

MVEV

A

Case

FLAIR

MRI

days

and

B

case

FLAIR

MRI

days

after

illness

onset

showing

high

signal

in

the

thalami

arrows

subthalamus

red

nuclei

and

substantia

nigra

arrowhead


Fig. 3 Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography demonstrated occlusion of M2 portion of the right middle cerebral artery and irregular dilatation at the bifurcation (upper). Lower is higher magnified image of the region of interest on the upper image (square).

Fig

Three

dimensional

computed

tomography

angiography

demonstrated

occlusion

of

portion

of

the

right

middle

cerebral

artery

and

irregular

dilatation

at

the

bifurcation

upper

Lower

is

higher

magnified

image

of

the

region

of

interest

on

the

upper

image

square


Figure 3 positron emission tomography imaging assessment using morphological criteria for two patients (in A man 79 years old and in B man 74 years old). PET study before treatment (a) and after the treatment (b). In (b) the lesion (arrow) exhibited a reduction of glucose uptake. PET: Positron emission tomography.

Figure

positron

emission

tomography

imaging

assessment

using

morphological

criteria

for

two

patients

in

A

man

years

old

and

in

B

man

years

old

PET

study

before

treatment

a

and

after

the

treatment

b

In

b

the

lesion

arrow

exhibited

a

reduction

of

glucose

uptake

PET

Positron

emission

tomography


Fig. 1. First screening mammogram in a 58-year-old woman who was invited for further assessment of a medial focal asymmetry in her right breast. a, b Screening mammography (right MLO and CC views). c, d Additional views (RML and CC spot view). Based on the existing images, the focal asymmetry probably correlated with a slight cranial asymmetry on the RML view. However, there were multiple further islands of breast tissue. Ultrasound did not show a correlating lesion. Since there was no architectural distortion and the slight asymmetry contained fatty inclusions, the lesion might have been misclassified as a probably benign lesion. e, f Tomosynthesis clearly demonstrates a lesion in the upper cuts of the right breast. The lesion appears quite dense and contains fine spiculations. Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy under mammography guidance was performed, followed by breast-conserving therapy. Histology confirmed a pT1b pN0 G2 ductal breast cancer.

Fig

First

screening

mammogram

in

a

old

woman

who

was

invited

for

further

assessment

of

a

medial

focal

asymmetry

in

her

right

breast

a

b

Screening

mammography

right

MLO

and

CC

views

c

d

Additional

views

RML

and

CC

spot

view

Based

on

the

existing

images

the

focal

asymmetry

probably

correlated

with

a

slight

cranial

asymmetry

on

the

RML

view

However

there

were

multiple

further

islands

of

breast

tissue

Ultrasound

did

not

show

a

correlating

lesion

Since

there

was

no

architectural

distortion

and

the

slight

asymmetry

contained

fatty

inclusions

the

lesion

might

have

been

misclassified

as

a

probably

benign

lesion

e

f

Tomosynthesis

clearly

demonstrates

a

lesion

in

the

upper

cuts

of

the

right

breast

The

lesion

appears

quite

dense

and

contains

fine

spiculations

Stereotactic

vacuum

assisted

breast

biopsy

under

mammography

guidance

was

performed

followed

by

breast

conserving

therapy

Histology

confirmed

a

ductal

breast

cancer


Fig. 4. — Axial (A), coronal (B), axial oblique (C), sagittal (F) MPR views and selective VR views (D, E) illustrating a rare case of right Morgagni-Larrey hernia (MH) of the GO (white star). Epiploic veins (white arrow) clearly protrude through a 25 × 33 mm right anterior paramedian diaphragmatic hiatus (C) to expand in the right cardiophrenic space. The ligamentum teres of the falciform ligament (black arrow) is forced through the hernia.

Fig

Axial

A

coronal

B

axial

oblique

C

sagittal

F

MPR

views

and

selective

VR

views

D

E

illustrating

a

rare

case

of

right

Morgagni

Larrey

hernia

MH

of

the

GO

white

star

Epiploic

veins

white

arrow

clearly

protrude

through

a

mm

right

anterior

paramedian

diaphragmatic

hiatus

C

to

expand

in

the

right

cardiophrenic

space

The

ligamentum

teres

of

the

falciform

ligament

black

arrow

is

forced

through

the

hernia


Fig. 4 Manual (expert) segmentation overlaid with automated segmentation output (white areas) of the caudate nucleus and putamen from 1.5T (upper row) and 3T (lower row) 3D T1-weighted MRI scans. Images are from a 51 year-old woman with multiple sclerosis and moderate physical disability. The total DGM volume was 28.4 ml at1.5T and 29.3 ml at 3T. For illustrative purposes, the ground truth contours are shown in both red and yellow colors. Automated segmentation was performed by the fully automated FSL-FIRST pipeline. The 3T automated output typically provided a larger and more accurate contour than 1.5T. At 1.5T, the interface between the caudate and the anterior and medial aspects of the ventricular CSF is underestimated vs. 3T. The interface between the putamen and the adjacent (lateral) white matter appears to be larger and more accurate at 3T

Fig

Manual

expert

segmentation

overlaid

with

automated

segmentation

output

white

areas

of

the

caudate

nucleus

and

putamen

from

T

upper

row

and

T

lower

row

MRI

scans

Images

are

from

a

year

old

woman

with

multiple

sclerosis

and

moderate

physical

disability

The

total

DGM

volume

was

ml

T

and

ml

at

For

illustrative

purposes

the

ground

truth

contours

are

shown

in

both

red

and

yellow

colors

Automated

segmentation

was

performed

by

the

fully

automated

FSL

FIRST

pipeline

The

T

automated

output

typically

provided

a

larger

and

more

accurate

contour

than

At

T

the

interface

between

the

caudate

and

the

anterior

and

medial

aspects

of

the

ventricular

CSF

is

underestimated

vs.

The

interface

between

the

putamen

and

the

adjacent

lateral

white

matter

appears

to

be

larger

and

more

accurate

at

T


Fig. 4 Postoperative control MRI scans. a early postoperative control; b control scans after 6 months from surgery. 1,2,3 different aspects. Arrows indicate the site of the lesion

Fig

Postoperative

control

MRI

scans

a

early

postoperative

control

b

control

scans

after

months

from

surgery

different

aspects

Arrows

indicate

the

site

of

the

lesion


Fig. 2. Diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC images before (A, B) and after coronary artery bypass grafting (C, D). Postoperative scan revealed a focal lesion of diffusion restriction in the white matter of the left hemisphere (arrow)

Fig

Diffusion

weighted

imaging

and

ADC

images

before

A

B

and

after

coronary

artery

bypass

grafting

C

D

Postoperative

scan

revealed

a

focal

lesion

of

diffusion

restriction

in

the

white

matter

of

the

left

hemisphere

arrow


Figure 3 Magnetic resonance imaging (A), operative field before (B) and after hepatectomy (D) as well as operative specimen (C) of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma in segment VII in cirrhosis undergoing open hepatectomy

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

A

operative

field

before

B

and

after

hepatectomy

D

as

well

as

operative

specimen

C

of

a

patient

with

hepatocellular

carcinoma

in

segment

VII

in

cirrhosis

undergoing

open

hepatectomy


Fig. 1. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed 9-cm sized left renal mass (arrow) (A). Chest CT showed scanty amount of pericardial effusion (arrowheads) (B).

Fig

Abdominal

computed

tomography

CT

revealed

sized

left

renal

mass

arrow

A

Chest

CT

showed

scanty

amount

of

pericardial

effusion

arrowheads

B


Fig 6. STEPS brain mask overlaid on representative slices (a, sagittal; b-c, coronal; d, transverse) of a single WT brain. Solid white lines indicate slice locations. Green markers highlight accuracy, from left, at the olfactory bulbs, paraflocculi, and cerebellum. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162974.g006

Fig

STEPS

brain

mask

overlaid

on

representative

slices

a

sagittal

b

c

coronal

d

transverse

of

a

single

WT

brain

Solid

white

lines

indicate

slice

locations

Green

markers

highlight

accuracy

from

left

at

the

olfactory

bulbs

paraflocculi

and

cerebellum


Fig. 1. Pre-procedure (A), post-procedure (B) and follow-up angiographic images (C) coupled to corresponding OCT images. OCT images were captured in corresponding segments through main vessel (D and G) and SB (E, F, H, and I) (i.e., same OCT segment is depicted between post-procedure, and follow-up) by means of a software synchronization tool. Pre-procedure angiographic image shows a true bifurcation lesion. After the procedure, the OCT image demonstrates dissection of main vessel, and SB ostium shows compromise from the dissected flap of the main vessel (D). At follow-up, the lumen area of the main vessel (G and H) and SB ostium (H and I) increases further due to the drug effect. The dissections as seen on OCT at the SB ostium have healed (G). The arrows and asterisks represent SB ostium. OCT, optical coherence tomography; SB, side-branch.

Fig

Pre

procedure

A

post

procedure

B

and

follow

up

angiographic

images

C

coupled

to

corresponding

OCT

images

OCT

images

were

captured

in

corresponding

segments

through

main

vessel

D

and

G

and

SB

E

F

H

and

I

i.e.

same

OCT

segment

is

depicted

between

post

procedure

and

follow

up

by

means

of

a

software

synchronization

tool

Pre

procedure

angiographic

image

shows

a

true

bifurcation

lesion

After

the

procedure

the

OCT

image

demonstrates

dissection

of

main

vessel

and

SB

ostium

shows

compromise

from

the

dissected

flap

of

the

main

vessel

D

At

follow

up

the

lumen

area

of

the

main

vessel

G

and

H

and

SB

ostium

H

and

I

increases

further

due

to

the

drug

effect

The

dissections

as

seen

on

OCT

at

the

SB

ostium

have

healed

G

The

arrows

and

asterisks

represent

SB

ostium

OCT

optical

coherence

tomography

SB

side

branch


Fig. 5. Two-dimensional commensurate layer struc ture, (a) Molecular resolution imaging of saturated L-methionine monolayer (/ = 0.11 nA, U = -250 mV), (b) Periodicity of the biomolecular self-assembly. The molecular ordering follows the atomic lattice of the Ag(111 ) substrate. Vectors (eu ?j) define a basis for the unit cell of the Ag(111) atomic lattice (/ = 0.30 nA, U = 200 mV). The unit cell of the monolayer structure is marked in white.

Fig

Two

dimensional

commensurate

layer

struc

ture

a

Molecular

resolution

imaging

of

saturated

L

methionine

monolayer

U

mV

b

Periodicity

of

the

biomolecular

self

assembly

The

molecular

ordering

follows

the

atomic

lattice

of

the

substrate

Vectors

eu

j

define

a

basis

for

the

unit

cell

of

the

atomic

lattice

U

mV

The

unit

cell

of

the

monolayer

structure

is

marked

in

white


Fig 5. Endoscopic series demonstrating the release of fibrous bands around the sciatic nerve of the right hip with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. (A) With a shaver positioned through the proximal trochanteric portal and once the sciatic nerve (SC) is located, release of the fibrotic bands (FB) around the nerve is performed. (B) The vasa nervorum increase on the sciatic nerve (SC) after release of the fibrous band. The shaver is positioned through the proximal trochanteric portal and is used to probe the nerve; a 30 arthroscope is positioned through the distal trochanteric portal.

Fig

Endoscopic

series

demonstrating

the

release

of

fibrous

bands

around

the

sciatic

nerve

of

the

right

hip

with

the

patient

in

the

lateral

decubitus

position

A

With

a

shaver

positioned

through

the

proximal

trochanteric

portal

and

once

the

sciatic

nerve

SC

is

located

release

of

the

fibrotic

bands

FB

around

the

nerve

is

performed

B

The

vasa

nervorum

increase

on

the

sciatic

nerve

SC

after

release

of

the

fibrous

band

The

shaver

is

positioned

through

the

proximal

trochanteric

portal

and

is

used

to

probe

the

nerve

a

arthroscope

is

positioned

through

the

distal

trochanteric

portal


Figure 5) Computed tomography images of the chest showing multiple large air-filled cysts on the right side associated with mediastinal shift. A Coronal view. B Transverse view

Figure

Computed

tomography

images

of

the

chest

showing

multiple

large

air

filled

cysts

on

the

right

side

associated

with

mediastinal

shift

A

Coronal

view

B

Transverse

view


Fig. 6. Cone beam computed tomography scan (small field of view: 4 3 4 cm) of the anterior maxilla of a 66-year-old female patient after referral by her treating dentist 1 year following insertion of a dental implant in region 21. The patient reported persisting neuropathic pain in the anterior mandible toward the nose. (A) Sagittal view showing penetration of the dental implant in region 21 into the nasopalatine canal. (B) Coronal view of the restored implant in region 21. Slight osteolysis is visible at the apical region of tooth 11. (C) Axial view of the implant in region 21 exhibiting penetration into the nasopalatine canal.

Fig

Cone

beam

computed

tomography

scan

small

field

of

view

cm

of

the

anterior

maxilla

of

a

old

female

patient

after

referral

by

her

treating

dentist

year

following

insertion

of

a

dental

implant

in

region

The

patient

reported

persisting

neuropathic

pain

in

the

anterior

mandible

toward

the

nose

A

Sagittal

view

showing

penetration

of

the

dental

implant

in

region

into

the

nasopalatine

canal

B

Coronal

view

of

the

restored

implant

in

region

Slight

osteolysis

is

visible

at

the

apical

region

of

tooth

C

Axial

view

of

the

implant

in

region

exhibiting

penetration

into

the

nasopalatine

canal


Fig. 4. Vertebral collapse with cement destruction in a 75-year-old man. (A) Immediately postoperative radiograph of L1. (B) Postoperative 5.5 years follow-up radiograph showed a mild vertebral collapse with increased focal kyphotic angle.

Fig

Vertebral

collapse

with

cement

destruction

in

a

old

man

A

Immediately

postoperative

radiograph

of

B

Postoperative

years

follow

up

radiograph

showed

a

mild

vertebral

collapse

with

increased

focal

kyphotic

angle


Figure 2 Postoperative changes and anatomy of the locus coeruleus. Left plane: 12-day postoperative sagittal gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI illustrating the resection cavity with a small haemorrhage in the tectal plate and local oedema. Right plane: A transversal histological section of an unrelated cadaver midbrain illustrates the area of the locus coeruleus (LC) and its proximity to the inferior colliculus (IC) and the fourth ventricle (IVth).

Figure

Postoperative

changes

and

anatomy

of

the

locus

coeruleus

Left

plane

postoperative

sagittal

gadolinium

enhanced

MRI

illustrating

the

resection

cavity

with

a

small

haemorrhage

in

the

tectal

plate

and

local

oedema

Right

plane

A

transversal

histological

section

of

an

unrelated

cadaver

midbrain

illustrates

the

area

of

the

locus

coeruleus

LC

and

its

proximity

to

the

inferior

colliculus

IC

and

the

fourth

ventricle

IVth


Figure 4. A: skin ulceration and oozing with fluid. B: Ultrasound examination showed a nearly solid lesion with blood flow signal in the solid component.

Figure

A

skin

ulceration

and

oozing

with

fluid

B

Ultrasound

examination

showed

a

nearly

solid

lesion

with

blood

flow

signal

in

the

solid

component


Fig. 6 Water absorption process of seeds. Five kinds of seeds, broad bean, corn, morning-glory, wheat and rice were placed in water and every 2 h they were taken out from the water and neutron imaging was performed. Upper left picture of five seeds. Bar 5 mm. The distribution of water after absorption was not uniform in all the seeds. Water was preferentially accumulated at embryo site in seeds

Fig

Water

absorption

process

of

seeds

Five

kinds

of

seeds

broad

bean

corn

morning

glory

wheat

and

rice

were

placed

in

water

and

every

h

they

were

taken

out

from

the

water

and

neutron

imaging

was

performed

Upper

left

picture

of

five

seeds

Bar

mm

The

distribution

of

water

after

absorption

was

not

uniform

in

all

the

seeds

Water

was

preferentially

accumulated

at

embryo

site

in

seeds


Figure 2 Example of no-reflow on a myocardial contrast echocardiogram performed immediately after restoration of TIMI 3 patency by primary angioplasty in a patient with anterior acute myocardial infarction. Left panel: apical four-chamber view; right panel: apical twochamber view. Heterogeneous contrast enhancement (in left panel) and endocardial contrast defect (in right panel) are indicated by arrows.

Figure

Example

of

no

reflow

on

a

myocardial

contrast

echocardiogram

performed

immediately

after

restoration

of

TIMI

patency

by

primary

angioplasty

in

a

patient

with

anterior

acute

myocardial

infarction

Left

panel

apical

four

chamber

view

right

panel

apical

twochamber

view

Heterogeneous

contrast

enhancement

in

left

panel

and

endocardial

contrast

defect

in

right

panel

are

indicated

by

arrows


Figure 3 Case 5: (a) axial T2-weighted image revealing a hyperintense mass in the medial head of the gastrocnemius. (b) Postgadolinium T1-weighted coronal image showing peripheral enhancement of the capsule with no enhancement in the centre.

Figure

Case

a

axial

image

revealing

a

hyperintense

mass

in

the

medial

head

of

the

gastrocnemius

b

Postgadolinium

coronal

image

showing

peripheral

enhancement

of

the

capsule

with

no

enhancement

in

the

centre


Fig. 3 Complications after surgeries in the single PET group: One button on the coracoid side slipped out from the original place in 2 cases in single PLE group (a); Rockwood type II AC joint dislocation occurred in four cases: two of them were due to EndoButton separation (b), and the other two were due to button eroding into the superior clavicle cortex (c)

Fig

Complications

after

surgeries

in

the

single

PET

group

One

button

on

the

coracoid

side

slipped

out

from

the

original

place

in

cases

in

single

PLE

group

a

Rockwood

type

II

AC

joint

dislocation

occurred

in

four

cases

two

of

them

were

due

to

EndoButton

separation

b

and

the

other

two

were

due

to

button

eroding

into

the

superior

clavicle

cortex

c


Figure 4. Brain and facial motor nucleus morphology. Transverse sections of E18.5 WT (left) and Nmnat2 blad/blad (BLAD) (right) forebrains (A), and higher magnification views of the corpus callosum (B). Up is dorsal in (B). (C) Transverse sections of E18.5 WT (left) and BLAD (right) brainstem showing the loss of facial motoneurons (see text for quantitation). Dotted line denotes the boundary of the motor nucleus. H, hippocampus; V, ventricle; C, cortex; CC, corpus callosum. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047869.g004

Figure

Brain

and

facial

motor

nucleus

morphology

Transverse

sections

of

WT

left

and

blad

blad

BLAD

right

forebrains

A

and

higher

magnification

views

of

the

corpus

callosum

B

Up

is

dorsal

in

B

C

Transverse

sections

of

WT

left

and

BLAD

right

brainstem

showing

the

loss

of

facial

motoneurons

see

text

for

quantitation

Dotted

line

denotes

the

boundary

of

the

motor

nucleus

H

hippocampus

V

ventricle

C

cortex

CC

corpus

callosum


Figure 2 Sebaceous gland atrophy in K5-R2b-null mice. By 3 months of age, epidermal whole-mount peroxidase staining (sebaceous glands appear brown) combined with Mayer's hemalum counterstain revealed that sebaceous glands in the tail of K5-R2b-null mice were virtually absent (compare (A) with (B)). This absence was confirmed by scanning through H&E-stained serial transverse sections of tail skin, looking for sebocytes (arrows in (C) and (D); asterisks indicate transversely sectioned hair shafts). (C) and (D) represent sections showing the largest proportion of sebaceous tissue encountered in serial transverse sections from tails of wild-type and K5-R2b-null mice, respectively. Scale bar, 200 mm.

Figure

Sebaceous

gland

atrophy

in

mice

By

months

of

age

epidermal

whole

mount

peroxidase

staining

sebaceous

glands

appear

brown

combined

with

Mayer

's

hemalum

counterstain

revealed

that

sebaceous

glands

in

the

tail

of

mice

were

virtually

absent

compare

A

with

B

This

absence

was

confirmed

by

scanning

through

H&E

stained

serial

transverse

sections

of

tail

skin

looking

for

sebocytes

arrows

in

C

and

D

asterisks

indicate

transversely

sectioned

hair

shafts

C

and

D

represent

sections

showing

the

largest

proportion

of

sebaceous

tissue

encountered

in

serial

transverse

sections

from

tails

of

wild

type

and

mice

respectively

Scale

bar

mm


Fig. 2. Soft X-ray tomographic reconstruction of phenotypically distinct C. albicans cells. A representative orthoslice from each tomographic reconstruction is shown for a yeast-like (A), germ-tube (C) and hyphal (E) cell. Volume rendered views of the same cells are shown in (B, D, and F) respectively showing selected organelles that have been segmented and color-coded for identification. Blue, nucleus; orange, nucleolus; gray, mitochondria; yellow, vacuole; green, lipid bodies. (Scale bar for A–D, 0.5 m, for E and F, 2.0 m.)

Fig

Soft

X

ray

tomographic

reconstruction

of

phenotypically

distinct

C.

albicans

cells

A

representative

orthoslice

from

each

tomographic

reconstruction

is

shown

for

a

yeast

like

A

germ

tube

C

and

hyphal

E

cell

Volume

rendered

views

of

the

same

cells

are

shown

in

B

D

and

F

respectively

showing

selected

organelles

that

have

been

segmented

and

color

coded

for

identification

Blue

nucleus

orange

nucleolus

gray

mitochondria

yellow

vacuole

green

lipid

bodies

Scale

bar

for

A

D

m

for

E

and

F

m.


Figure 4. Six week-old grower rabbit euthanized by blunt force trauma. (A) Survey radiograph demonstrating fractured cranium (arrow); (B) Minimal subdural dorsal hemorrhage covers less than 25% of the brain surface (gross score of 1/4); (C) Photomicrograph of cerebellum (demonstrating mild subdural hemorrhage (*) (histologic score of 2/4) and no parenchymal hemorrhage (histologic score of 0/4). No subdural or parenchymal hemorrhage were noted in the midbrain. (H & E, ×20).

Figure

Six

week

old

grower

rabbit

euthanized

by

blunt

force

trauma

A

Survey

radiograph

demonstrating

fractured

cranium

arrow

B

Minimal

subdural

dorsal

hemorrhage

covers

less

than

of

the

brain

surface

gross

score

of

C

Photomicrograph

of

cerebellum

demonstrating

mild

subdural

hemorrhage

histologic

score

of

and

no

parenchymal

hemorrhage

histologic

score

of

No

subdural

or

parenchymal

hemorrhage

were

noted

in

the

midbrain

H

E


Fig. 4. In vivo resolution-scalable photoacoustic imaging ((a) and (c)) and white light imaging ((b) and (d)) of a mouse ear, with 0.3 ((a) and (b)) and 0.8 ((c) and (d)) NA objectives. Scale bar is 100 μm.

Fig

In

vivo

resolution

scalable

photoacoustic

imaging

a

and

c

and

white

light

imaging

b

and

d

of

a

mouse

ear

with

a

and

b

and

c

and

d

objectives

Scale

bar

is

μm


Fig. 3. A 65-year-old male with a 6-mm tubulovillous adenoma in the sigmoid colon. A. Optical colonoscopy shows a sessile polyp (arrowhead) in the sigmoid colon. B. 3D supine endoluminal view shows the corresponding polyp (arrowhead) in a well-distended segment of the sigmoid colon. C. 3D endoluminal view of the same area as figure B, with the patient in a prone position, shows the same lesion (arrowhead) obscured by suboptimal distention.

Fig

A

old

male

with

a

tubulovillous

adenoma

in

the

sigmoid

colon

A.

Optical

colonoscopy

shows

a

sessile

polyp

arrowhead

in

the

sigmoid

colon

B.

supine

endoluminal

view

shows

the

corresponding

polyp

arrowhead

in

a

well

distended

segment

of

the

sigmoid

colon

C.

endoluminal

view

of

the

same

area

as

figure

B

with

the

patient

in

a

prone

position

shows

the

same

lesion

arrowhead

obscured

by

suboptimal

distention


Fig. 1 A: Preoperative computed tomography scans showing extension of sylvian hematoma. B: Graphs demonstrating preoperative and postoperative changes (D cm, mean values) in hematoma extension in anterior (open columns), posterior (shaded columns), and superior (closed columns) directions along the limiting sulcus of the insular cortex in the groups of achievement (n ＝ 16) and non-achievement (n ＝ 10) of hematoma evacuation.

Fig

A

Preoperative

computed

tomography

scans

showing

extension

of

sylvian

hematoma

B

Graphs

demonstrating

preoperative

and

postoperative

changes

D

cm

mean

values

in

hematoma

extension

in

anterior

open

columns

posterior

shaded

columns

and

superior

closed

columns

directions

along

the

limiting

sulcus

of

the

insular

cortex

in

the

groups

of

achievement

n

and

non

achievement

n

of

hematoma

evacuation


Figure 9 MRI demonstrating resolution of phase encoding pulsation artifact after treatment. Left panel: T1 axial baseline image demonstrating the marked phase encoding pulsation artifact due to turbulent flow in the giant aneurysm. Right panel: the image obtained at delayed follow-up shows near complete resolution of the phase encoding pulsation artifact following endovascular treatment.

Figure

MRI

demonstrating

resolution

of

phase

encoding

pulsation

artifact

after

treatment

Left

panel

axial

baseline

image

demonstrating

the

marked

phase

encoding

pulsation

artifact

due

to

turbulent

flow

in

the

giant

aneurysm

Right

panel

the

image

obtained

at

delayed

follow

up

shows

near

complete

resolution

of

the

phase

encoding

pulsation

artifact

following

endovascular

treatment


Figure 1: Interactive segmentation applications. A) Organ segmentation for biodistribution determination. B) Marker segmentation for multimodal image fusion. C) Bone segmentation and labeling. D) Segmented blood vessels of a mouse with a stenosed carotid artery. E) Segmented tumor blood vessels. F) Fat segmentation (visceral and sub cutaneous fat of a mouse). Data sets were acquired using µCT (micro Computed Tomography).

Figure

Interactive

segmentation

applications

A

Organ

segmentation

for

biodistribution

determination

B

Marker

segmentation

for

multimodal

image

fusion

C

Bone

segmentation

and

labeling

D

Segmented

blood

vessels

of

a

mouse

with

a

stenosed

carotid

artery

E

Segmented

tumor

blood

vessels

F

Fat

segmentation

visceral

and

sub

cutaneous

fat

of

a

mouse

Data

sets

were

acquired

using

µCT

micro

Computed

Tomography


Figure 2. Extension of the KASH Domain of UNC-83 Blocks Nuclear Migration (A-C) GFP expression in comma-stage embryos with the version of UNC-83 indicated. Anterior is left; dorsal is up. Scale bar, 10 mm. (A) UNC-83::GFP::KASH. (B) unc-119, which serves as the wild-type UNC-83 (no GFP) control. (C) UNC-83::GFP::KASH+A. (D) Quantification of nuclear migration defects by counting the average number of hyp7 nuclei in the dorsal cords of larval stage (L)1 animals. Error bars are 95% CI.

Figure

Extension

of

the

KASH

Domain

of

Blocks

Nuclear

Migration

A

C

GFP

expression

in

comma

stage

embryos

with

the

version

of

indicated

Anterior

is

left

dorsal

is

up

Scale

bar

mm

A

B

which

serves

as

the

wild

type

no

GFP

control

C

D

Quantification

of

nuclear

migration

defects

by

counting

the

average

number

of

nuclei

in

the

dorsal

cords

of

larval

stage

animals

Error

bars

are

CI


Fig. 11 a Axial CT image at the level of the cavernous carotids shows occlusion of the left ICA (red arrow) due to atherosclerotic disease. b Coronal reconstruction at the level of the cavernous carotids verifies the occlusion of the left ICA (red arrow) as well as atherosclerotic disease. c CTA (VRT 3D reconstructions) shows the accessory MCA as a vessel coming from the A2 segment of the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (red arrow). d Axial MIP image shows the course of the AccMCA (black arrowheads), the anastomotic network (moyamoya type) at the level of the left mid M1 segment (red arrow) as well as the patent peripheral left MCA (black arrow). e CTA (VRT 3D reconstructions) reveals the same configuration and patent peripheral MCA (red arrow)

Fig

a

Axial

CT

image

at

the

level

of

the

cavernous

carotids

shows

occlusion

of

the

left

ICA

red

arrow

due

to

atherosclerotic

disease

b

Coronal

reconstruction

at

the

level

of

the

cavernous

carotids

verifies

the

occlusion

of

the

left

ICA

red

arrow

as

well

as

atherosclerotic

disease

c

CTA

VRT

reconstructions

shows

the

accessory

MCA

as

a

vessel

coming

from

the

segment

of

the

ipsilateral

anterior

cerebral

artery

red

arrow

d

Axial

MIP

image

shows

the

course

of

the

AccMCA

black

arrowheads

the

anastomotic

network

moyamoya

type

at

the

level

of

the

left

mid

segment

red

arrow

as

well

as

the

patent

peripheral

left

MCA

black

arrow

e

CTA

VRT

reconstructions

reveals

the

same

configuration

and

patent

peripheral

MCA

red

arrow


Fig. 4 Patient 2, left frontal GBM, contrast-enhanced CT imaging (a– c) and SPECT/CT (d–f). a Initial CT scan before stereotactic biopsy and catheter placement. CT scan at b 6 weeks and at c 10 weeks after radiopeptide treatment. Besides the intratumoural changes, please note the increasing perifocal oedema. SPECT/CT in d axial, e sagittal and f coronal planes with orthotopic dose distribution immediately after intratumoural application of 213Bi-DOTA-substance P

Fig

Patient

left

frontal

GBM

contrast

enhanced

CT

imaging

a

c

and

SPECT

CT

d

f

a

Initial

CT

scan

before

stereotactic

biopsy

and

catheter

placement

CT

scan

at

b

weeks

and

at

c

weeks

after

radiopeptide

treatment

Besides

the

intratumoural

changes

please

note

the

increasing

perifocal

oedema

SPECT

CT

in

d

axial

e

sagittal

and

f

coronal

planes

with

orthotopic

dose

distribution

immediately

after

intratumoural

application

of

DOTA

substance

P


Fig. 2. Enhanced coronal (A) and transverse (B) T2-weighted pelvis MRI show an area of high signal intensity in the right iliacus muscle, consistent with hematoma (arrow).

Fig

Enhanced

coronal

A

and

transverse

B

pelvis

MRI

show

an

area

of

high

signal

intensity

in

the

right

iliacus

muscle

consistent

with

hematoma

arrow


Fig. 4 Three-dimensional reconstruction of the nasal wall in the lower facial region at 24 weeks of gestation (CRL, 210 mm). a Frontal view of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. The locations of the cross-sectional axial slices that were taken through the area of interest are indicated (a1). Three-dimensional frontal view of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. The uncinate process of the ethmoid bone is located near the nasal side of the maxilla (a2). b Horizontal view of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. The locations of the cross-sectional axial slices taken through the area of interest are indicated (b1). Three-dimensional horizontal view of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity (b2). Bar 2 cm, arrow maxillary sinus, arrowhead uncinate process

Fig

Three

dimensional

reconstruction

of

the

nasal

wall

in

the

lower

facial

region

at

weeks

of

gestation

CRL

mm

a

Frontal

view

of

the

maxillary

sinus

and

nasal

cavity

The

locations

of

the

cross

sectional

axial

slices

that

were

taken

through

the

area

of

interest

are

indicated

Three

dimensional

frontal

view

of

the

maxillary

sinus

and

nasal

cavity

The

uncinate

process

of

the

ethmoid

bone

is

located

near

the

nasal

side

of

the

maxilla

b

Horizontal

view

of

the

maxillary

sinus

and

nasal

cavity

The

locations

of

the

cross

sectional

axial

slices

taken

through

the

area

of

interest

are

indicated

Three

dimensional

horizontal

view

of

the

maxillary

sinus

and

nasal

cavity

Bar

cm

arrow

maxillary

sinus

arrowhead

uncinate

process


Fig. 1A–C A plain AP radiograph of the proximal tibia shows the three proximal fixation methods: (A) two standard mediolateral locking screws, (B) two mediolateral ASLS (angular stable locking system) screws, and (C) one ASLS screw combined with two oblique cancellous bone screws.

Fig

C

A

plain

AP

radiograph

of

the

proximal

tibia

shows

the

three

proximal

fixation

methods

A

two

standard

mediolateral

locking

screws

B

two

mediolateral

ASLS

angular

stable

locking

system

screws

and

C

one

ASLS

screw

combined

with

two

oblique

cancellous

bone

screws


Figure 2. endoscopic ultrasound image shows a 3.3 cm × 2.5 cm mixed hypoechoic–isoechoic mass lesion in the submucosal region of distal thoracic esophagus, which was in close proximity to the left atrium (A). Fine needle aspiration of the mass (white arrow) (B). Fna smear showed a cellular smear with clusters of atypical cells with nuclear polymorphism, scant cytoplasm, coarse chromatin, and small nucleoli suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma (C).

Figure

endoscopic

ultrasound

image

shows

a

cm

cm

mixed

hypoechoic

isoechoic

mass

lesion

in

the

submucosal

region

of

distal

thoracic

esophagus

which

was

in

close

proximity

to

the

left

atrium

A

Fine

needle

aspiration

of

the

mass

white

arrow

B

Fna

smear

showed

a

cellular

smear

with

clusters

of

atypical

cells

with

nuclear

polymorphism

scant

cytoplasm

coarse

chromatin

and

small

nucleoli

suggestive

of

squamous

cell

carcinoma

C


Figure 4. MR appearances of an angiolipoma in a 71 year old female. 4A) Axial image from T1-weighted spin echo sequences (TR 591, TE 17, 4mm slice thickness, FoV 512 x 512) through the thoracic spine revealing a dumbbell shaped lesion which is isointense to muscle and expands the neural foramen (solid white arrow). 4B) Axial image from post- gadolinium T1-weighted spin echo sequence (TR 591, TE 17, 4mm slice thickness, FoV 512 x 512, 15ml Dotarem contrast medium) revealing avid but heterogeneous enhancement (hollow white arrow). 4C) Axial image from T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequences revealing the tumour is of intermediate intensity (TR 5060, TE 99, 4mm slice thickness, FoV 408 x 512) (dotted white arrow).

Figure

MR

appearances

of

an

angiolipoma

in

a

year

old

female

Axial

image

from

spin

echo

sequences

TR

TE

mm

slice

thickness

FoV

x

through

the

thoracic

spine

revealing

a

dumbbell

shaped

lesion

which

is

isointense

to

muscle

and

expands

the

neural

foramen

solid

white

arrow

Axial

image

from

post-

gadolinium

spin

echo

sequence

TR

TE

mm

slice

thickness

FoV

x

Dotarem

contrast

medium

revealing

avid

but

heterogeneous

enhancement

hollow

white

arrow

Axial

image

from

turbo

spin

echo

sequences

revealing

the

tumour

is

of

intermediate

intensity

TR

TE

mm

slice

thickness

FoV

x

dotted

white

arrow


Fig. 1. MR imaging of the right proximal leg. Axial T1-weighted (A) and T2-weighted (B) MR images depict a well-circumscribed, elliptical mass (arrows) with a central, fusiform, fluid-filled cavity in the deep subcutaneous layer of the right proximal leg. Note the wavy, low-signal-intensity structures (arrowhead) in the central cavity, representing the gauze fibers. A B

Fig

MR

imaging

of

the

right

proximal

leg

Axial

A

and

B

MR

images

depict

a

well

circumscribed

elliptical

mass

arrows

with

a

central

fusiform

fluid

filled

cavity

in

the

deep

subcutaneous

layer

of

the

right

proximal

leg

Note

the

wavy

low

signal

intensity

structures

arrowhead

in

the

central

cavity

representing

the

gauze

fibers

A

B


Fig. 4 Desmoid left triceps in a 60-year-old male with recurrence after surgery. a Initial MRI demonstrating infiltrating enhancing desmoid adjacent to the left humerus. b MRI 1 year later after surgical resection with negative margins demonstrated a larger tumor recurrence. c Axial CT demonstrates several Perc 24 Endocare cryoablation probes angled throughout the lesion. d One-year follow-up demonstrated residual

Fig

Desmoid

left

triceps

in

a

old

male

with

recurrence

after

surgery

a

Initial

MRI

demonstrating

infiltrating

enhancing

desmoid

adjacent

to

the

left

humerus

b

MRI

year

later

after

surgical

resection

with

negative

margins

demonstrated

a

larger

tumor

recurrence

c

Axial

CT

demonstrates

several

Perc

Endocare

cryoablation

probes

angled

throughout

the

lesion

d

One

year

follow

up

demonstrated

residual


Fig. 2 a Axial T2 TSE of a 64-year-old male showing the volumetric contour of a TZ prostate tumor for extraction of mp-MRI parameters. b Axial post gadolinium dynamic contrastenhanced image. c Axial (b) = 2000 mm/s 2 . d ADC Bmap4

Fig

a

Axial

TSE

of

a

old

male

showing

the

volumetric

contour

of

a

TZ

prostate

tumor

for

extraction

of

mp

MRI

parameters

b

Axial

post

gadolinium

dynamic

contrastenhanced

image

c

Axial

b

mm

s

d

ADC


Figure 3. A 41-year-old man with malignant melanoma and widespread metastases including the brain. WB MRI imaging shows multiple lesions outside the field of view of CT thorax and abdomen. (a) A maximum intensity projection (MIP) image of DWI shows the disease distribution in a valuable overview of the entire body; (b) coronal T2-STIR and (c) coronal T1W sequence, respectively, show further anatomical details of metastatic lesions.

Figure

A

old

man

with

malignant

melanoma

and

widespread

metastases

including

the

brain

WB

MRI

imaging

shows

multiple

lesions

outside

the

field

of

view

of

CT

thorax

and

abdomen

a

A

maximum

intensity

projection

MIP

image

of

DWI

shows

the

disease

distribution

in

a

valuable

overview

of

the

entire

body

b

coronal

and

c

coronal

sequence

respectively

show

further

anatomical

details

of

metastatic

lesions


Figure 1 Patient presented with swelling and ptosis of the right upper eyelid. (a) Head CT of the orbit revealed abnormal high density area (yellow circle); (b) MRI revealed the presence of an infiltration of the right intraorbital diffuse mass which regressed and decreased in size one month after treatment was initiated.

Figure

Patient

presented

with

swelling

and

ptosis

of

the

right

upper

eyelid

a

Head

CT

of

the

orbit

revealed

abnormal

high

density

area

yellow

circle

b

MRI

revealed

the

presence

of

an

infiltration

of

the

right

intraorbital

diffuse

mass

which

regressed

and

decreased

in

size

one

month

after

treatment

was

initiated


Figure 2: Right cerebellar hemorrhagic lesion from Case 2. (a) Computed tomography of the head at presentation showed a large hemorrhage of the right cerebellar hemisphere with displacement of the fourth ventricle. (b) Magnetic resonance imaging brain, T2 sequence showed perilesional edema and some associated vessels. (c) Right vertebral artery injection DynaCT, coronal view, showed an arteriovenous malformation with feeders from the right anterior and posterior cerebellar arteries. (d) Postoperative angiogram, AP projection, showed no residual malformation d c

Figure

Right

cerebellar

hemorrhagic

lesion

from

Case

a

Computed

tomography

of

the

head

at

presentation

showed

a

large

hemorrhage

of

the

right

cerebellar

hemisphere

with

displacement

of

the

fourth

ventricle

b

Magnetic

resonance

imaging

brain

sequence

showed

perilesional

edema

and

some

associated

vessels

c

Right

vertebral

artery

injection

DynaCT

coronal

view

showed

an

arteriovenous

malformation

with

feeders

from

the

right

anterior

and

posterior

cerebellar

arteries

d

Postoperative

angiogram

AP

projection

showed

no

residual

malformation

d

c


FIGURE 3: Images from a 62-year-old male with carotid plaque ulceration (arrow) detected by both conventional multicontrast protocol and SNAP. Multicontrast protocol: a: T 1 W; b: T 2 W; c: MP-RAGE; d: TOF; e: TOF MRA. SNAP: f: CR; g: MRA; h: Ref; i: Ref2; j: CR (curved multiplanar reconstruction); k: sagittal MRA. Dashed lines: the longitudinal coverage of conventional multicontrast protocol.

FIGURE

Images

from

a

old

male

with

carotid

plaque

ulceration

arrow

detected

by

both

conventional

multicontrast

protocol

and

SNAP

Multicontrast

protocol

a

T

W

b

T

W

c

MP

RAGE

d

TOF

e

TOF

MRA

SNAP

f

CR

g

MRA

h

Ref

i

j

CR

curved

multiplanar

reconstruction

k

sagittal

MRA

Dashed

lines

the

longitudinal

coverage

of

conventional

multicontrast

protocol


Figure 2. Macroscopic appearance of the brain. (a). Before fixation, the cerebrum shows general moderate atrophy with widening of the sulci, particularly in the frontal lobe. The cerebellum also shows general atrophy. (b). A coronal section of the left cerebral hemisphere shows mild thinning of the neocortex with mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles. The striatum, white matter, and hippocampus are relatively preserved from the atrophy. Numerous small petechiae are recognized in the hypothalamus. (c). A lowpower field image of the coronal section at the level of the mamillary body shows numerous petechiae in the mamillary body, hypothalamus, and column of the fornix (d). Low-power field image of the horizontal section of the pons also shows several petechiae in the tegmentum. Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure

Macroscopic

appearance

of

the

brain

a

Before

fixation

the

cerebrum

shows

general

moderate

atrophy

with

widening

of

the

sulci

particularly

in

the

frontal

lobe

The

cerebellum

also

shows

general

atrophy

b

A

coronal

section

of

the

left

cerebral

hemisphere

shows

mild

thinning

of

the

neocortex

with

mild

dilatation

of

the

lateral

ventricles

The

striatum

white

matter

and

hippocampus

are

relatively

preserved

from

the

atrophy

Numerous

small

petechiae

are

recognized

in

the

hypothalamus

c

A

lowpower

field

image

of

the

coronal

section

at

the

level

of

the

mamillary

body

shows

numerous

petechiae

in

the

mamillary

body

hypothalamus

and

column

of

the

fornix

d

Low

power

field

image

of

the

horizontal

section

of

the

pons

also

shows

several

petechiae

in

the

tegmentum

Scale

bars

mm


Fig. 11. Immunofluorescent localization of tubulin and KIFC1 in mature E. modestus sperm. (A) DAPI nuclear staining. (B) Tubulin staining. Tubulin (green staining; arrows) localizes specifically to the center of the acrosome. (C) KIFC1 staining. KIFC1 (red staining; arrows) localizes throughout the whole acrosome including the AFS-derived spike (D) Phase contrast microscopy. This figure shows the general morphological appearance of the E. modestus mature sperm. (E) Merged immunofluorescent images. Tubulin (green staining; arrows) and KIFC1 (red staining; arrows) localization is shown. Nucleus (blue staining). (F) Diagram. This diagram shows the distribution of tubulin (green) and KIFC1 (red dots) in the E. modestus mature sperm. N: nucleus, MF: microfilaments AFS: acroframosome, C: centriole. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076065.g011

Fig

Immunofluorescent

localization

of

tubulin

and

in

mature

E.

modestus

sperm

A

DAPI

nuclear

staining

B

Tubulin

staining

Tubulin

green

staining

arrows

localizes

specifically

to

the

center

of

the

acrosome

C

staining

red

staining

arrows

localizes

throughout

the

whole

acrosome

including

the

AFS

derived

spike

D

Phase

contrast

microscopy

This

figure

shows

the

general

morphological

appearance

of

the

E.

modestus

mature

sperm

E

Merged

immunofluorescent

images

Tubulin

green

staining

arrows

and

red

staining

arrows

localization

is

shown

Nucleus

blue

staining

F

Diagram

This

diagram

shows

the

distribution

of

tubulin

green

and

red

dots

in

the

E.

modestus

mature

sperm

N

nucleus

MF

microfilaments

AFS

acroframosome

C

centriole


Fig. 4. Hemophagous region of the cat paraplacenta. Very intense erythrophagocytosis is exhibited by cytotrophoblast cells (T). (A) Maternal erythrocytes (arrow) are seen internalized at the trophoblast cytoplasm. (B) Asterisk shows reactive cytotrophoblast cells to cathepsin D (immunohistochemistry, monoclonal anti-human cathepsin D, Dako, USA). Bar in (B) equivalent to 50 μm (A) and 40 μm (B).

Fig

Hemophagous

region

of

the

cat

paraplacenta

Very

intense

erythrophagocytosis

is

exhibited

by

cytotrophoblast

cells

T

A

Maternal

erythrocytes

arrow

are

seen

internalized

at

the

trophoblast

cytoplasm

B

Asterisk

shows

reactive

cytotrophoblast

cells

to

cathepsin

D

immunohistochemistry

monoclonal

anti

human

cathepsin

D

Dako

USA

Bar

in

B

equivalent

to

μm

A

and

μm

B


Fig. 1. Patient 1—MRI brain scan 6 days post-ictus. Axial (A) and coronal (B) T1-weighted images of the brain following intravenous administration of gadolinium. Gyriform enhancement of right posterior temporo-parieto-occipital cortex.

Fig

Patient

brain

scan

days

post

ictus

Axial

A

and

coronal

B

images

of

the

brain

following

intravenous

administration

of

gadolinium

Gyriform

enhancement

of

right

posterior

temporo

parieto

occipital

cortex


Figure 6. A 70-year-old male with previous partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: (a) post-contrast CT coronal reconstruction imaging revealed a locally recurrent tumour (star), which was subsequently treated by cryoablation. (b) In the 3-month follow-up MRI, the tumour was hypointense on T2 weighted imaging with a dense hypointense rim (thin arrows). (c) After contrast administration (from left to right: coronal pre-contrast phase, coronal corticomedullary phase, coronal nephrographic phase and axial delay phase), the medial posterior part of the ablated tumour exhibited a gradual nodular enhancement (thick arrows). The enhancement disappeared in the subsequent follow-up images (not shown).

Figure

A

old

male

with

previous

partial

nephrectomy

for

renal

cell

carcinoma

a

post

contrast

CT

coronal

reconstruction

imaging

revealed

a

locally

recurrent

tumour

star

which

was

subsequently

treated

by

cryoablation

b

In

the

follow

up

MRI

the

tumour

was

hypointense

on

weighted

imaging

with

a

dense

hypointense

rim

thin

arrows

c

After

contrast

administration

from

left

to

right

coronal

pre

contrast

phase

coronal

corticomedullary

phase

coronal

nephrographic

phase

and

axial

delay

phase

the

medial

posterior

part

of

the

ablated

tumour

exhibited

a

gradual

nodular

enhancement

thick

arrows

The

enhancement

disappeared

in

the

subsequent

follow

up

images

not

shown


Figure 1: (a) Right renal angiomyolipoma (gross specimen postexcision). (b) High-resolution computed tomography chest images of Case 1 showing multiple variable sized cysts uniformly scattered in both lungs. (c) Computed tomography abdomen showing bilateral renal angiomyolipomas with fat densities, tortuous vessels, and pseudoaneurysm (white arrow). There is also the presence of perinephric hematoma (black arrow). (d) High-resolution computed tomography image of Case 2 showing bilateral lung cysts d c

Figure

a

Right

renal

angiomyolipoma

gross

specimen

postexcision

b

High

resolution

computed

tomography

chest

images

of

Case

showing

multiple

variable

sized

cysts

uniformly

scattered

in

both

lungs

c

Computed

tomography

abdomen

showing

bilateral

renal

angiomyolipomas

with

fat

densities

tortuous

vessels

and

pseudoaneurysm

white

arrow

There

is

also

the

presence

of

perinephric

hematoma

black

arrow

d

High

resolution

computed

tomography

image

of

Case

showing

bilateral

lung

cysts

d

c


Fig. 1 Lung imaging findings over time in Copa patients. Serial chest CT images from two patients (A and B)with Copa syndrome. Images initially show ground glass opacities (black arrows) and septal thickening (white arrows) with progression to cysts (red arrows). Figure A1 was at 5 years of age, A2 at 11, andA3 at 14. Figure B1was at 5 years of age, B2 at 12 years of age, and B3 at 17

Fig

Lung

imaging

findings

over

time

in

Copa

patients

Serial

chest

CT

images

from

two

patients

A

and

B)with

Copa

syndrome

Images

initially

show

ground

glass

opacities

black

arrows

and

septal

thickening

white

arrows

with

progression

to

cysts

red

arrows

Figure

was

at

years

of

age

at

at

Figure

at

years

of

age

at

years

of

age

and

at


Fig. 1. (A) Chest radiograph: symmetric pattern of diffuse fine micronodules in both lungs. (BeC) HRCT images: diffuse symmetric pattern of microlithiasis, consisting of both discrete nodules and areas of ground glass attenuation of the lung parenchyma.

Fig

A

Chest

radiograph

symmetric

pattern

of

diffuse

fine

micronodules

in

both

lungs

BeC

HRCT

images

diffuse

symmetric

pattern

of

microlithiasis

consisting

of

both

discrete

nodules

and

areas

of

ground

glass

attenuation

of

the

lung

parenchyma


Fig. 2 (A) Abdominal CT scan showing peritoneal/omental thickening, (B) enlarged prostate gland and (C) ascites.

Fig

A

Abdominal

CT

scan

showing

peritoneal

omental

thickening

B

enlarged

prostate

gland

and

C

ascites


FIGURE 1: a) Axial non-contrasted abdominal CT scan, showing a collection adjacent to the ascending colon signaled by the white arrow; notice the surrounding stranded fat. b) Axial image of the same CT scan, with the red arrow showing an enlarged appendix with surrounding inflamed fat.

FIGURE

a

Axial

non

contrasted

abdominal

CT

scan

showing

a

collection

adjacent

to

the

ascending

colon

signaled

by

the

white

arrow

notice

the

surrounding

stranded

fat

b

Axial

image

of

the

same

CT

scan

with

the

red

arrow

showing

an

enlarged

appendix

with

surrounding

inflamed

fat


FIGURE 1 T1-weighted MRI shows an isosignal tumor from the falx cerebri to the left. A: sagittal view; B: coronal view.

FIGURE

MRI

shows

an

isosignal

tumor

from

the

falx

cerebri

to

the

left

A

sagittal

view

B

coronal

view


Figure 1. Computed tomography on admission. A) Pancreatic sweling and necrosis near the pancreas. B) Cystic structure (arrow) near the galbladder and antrum.

Figure

Computed

tomography

on

admission

A

Pancreatic

sweling

and

necrosis

near

the

pancreas

B

Cystic

structure

arrow

near

the

galbladder

and

antrum


Fig. 2. Ex vivo imaging. 7-tesla MRI of the same globe after enucleation. Prelaminar optic nerve extension is detectable ( a ). Photomicrograph of a pupil-optic nerve section with comparable axial orientation. Choroidal melanoma is seen impinging on the prelaminar optic nerve ( b ; HE, original magnification ×40).

Fig

Ex

vivo

imaging

MRI

of

the

same

globe

after

enucleation

Prelaminar

optic

nerve

extension

is

detectable

a

Photomicrograph

of

a

pupil

optic

nerve

section

with

comparable

axial

orientation

Choroidal

melanoma

is

seen

impinging

on

the

prelaminar

optic

nerve

b

HE

original

magnification


Figure 4 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computerized tomography scans of the gastrointestinal stromal tumors recurrence. Serial 18 F-FDG PET-CT scans showed submucosal, solid lesions in jejunum (SUVmax: 1.68-1.50) (A, B) and ileum (SUVmax: 4.69) (C) with maximum 2 cm in diameter, consisted with GIST recurrence on the follow-up (arrows). 18 F-FDG: 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose; PET-CT: Positron emission tomography-computerized tomography; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Figure

F

fluorodeoxyglucose

positron

emission

tomography

computerized

tomography

scans

of

the

gastrointestinal

stromal

tumors

recurrence

Serial

F

FDG

PET

CT

scans

showed

submucosal

solid

lesions

in

jejunum

SUVmax

A

B

and

ileum

SUVmax

C

with

maximum

cm

in

diameter

consisted

with

GIST

recurrence

on

the

follow

up

arrows

F

FDG

F

fluorodeoxyglucose

PET

CT

Positron

emission

tomography

computerized

tomography

GIST

Gastrointestinal

stromal

tumors


Fig. 3 DAPI nuclear staining (blue) and TUNEL assay (green) of mouse blastocysts from the control group (A, A1) with nucleus DNA fragmentation index of 18.5% and the experimental group (B, B1) group with nucleus DNA fragmentation index of 74.5%

Fig

DAPI

nuclear

staining

blue

and

TUNEL

assay

green

of

mouse

blastocysts

from

the

control

group

A

with

nucleus

DNA

fragmentation

index

of

and

the

experimental

group

B

group

with

nucleus

DNA

fragmentation

index

of


Figure 1. Left: The maximum diameter obtained with US dual plane imaging. Right: The 3D-US AAA reconstruction showing the perpendicular cross sections (blue) with the maximal diameter perpendicular to the centreline and the perpendicular cross sections (yellow) with the maximal partial volume covering 60 mm of the centreline. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Figure

Left

The

maximum

diameter

obtained

with

US

dual

plane

imaging

Right

The

US

AAA

reconstruction

showing

the

perpendicular

cross

sections

blue

with

the

maximal

diameter

perpendicular

to

the

centreline

and

the

perpendicular

cross

sections

yellow

with

the

maximal

partial

volume

covering

mm

of

the

centreline

For

interpretation

of

the

references

to

color

in

this

figure

legend

the

reader

is

referred

to

the

web

version

of

this

article


FIG. 5. Utricularia nelumbifolia. Cell–cell contact via plasmodesmata in placental nutritive tissue: the contact points between nuclear projections and cell membrane. (A, B) Ultrastructural details. CW, cell wall; D, dictyosome; NP, nuclear projection; black arrows mark plasmodesmata; red arrows point to the cell membrane. Tissue prepared for the SBEM method. Scale bars in (A) and (B) ¼ 0�55lm. (C) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing the association of nuclear projections (in green) with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasmodesmata (both shown in red). Background: a part of a single microphotograph showing the cell ultrastructure. Scale bar¼ 1lm.

FIG

Utricularia

nelumbifolia

Cell

cell

contact

via

plasmodesmata

in

placental

nutritive

tissue

the

contact

points

between

nuclear

projections

and

cell

membrane

A

B

Ultrastructural

details

CW

cell

wall

D

dictyosome

NP

nuclear

projection

black

arrows

mark

plasmodesmata

red

arrows

point

to

the

cell

membrane

Tissue

prepared

for

the

SBEM

method

Scale

bars

in

A

and

B

¼

C

Three

dimensional

reconstruction

showing

the

association

of

nuclear

projections

in

green

with

the

endoplasmic

reticulum

and

plasmodesmata

both

shown

in

red

Background

a

part

of

a

single

microphotograph

showing

the

cell

ultrastructure

Scale

bar¼


Figure 2. Computed tomography (CT) images for case 1 on the day of surgery. Head CT scans show crescent-shaped, mixed shadows of high and low densities in the right frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The drainage tube extends outside the brain. The right ventricle is smaller and the bilateral corona radiata show small, low-density shadows with clear boundaries. Certain sulci and fissures remain enlarged, but no midline shift has occurred.

Figure

Computed

tomography

CT

images

for

case

on

the

day

of

surgery

Head

CT

scans

show

crescent

shaped

mixed

shadows

of

high

and

low

densities

in

the

right

frontal

temporal

and

parietal

lobes

The

drainage

tube

extends

outside

the

brain

The

right

ventricle

is

smaller

and

the

bilateral

corona

radiata

show

small

low

density

shadows

with

clear

boundaries

Certain

sulci

and

fissures

remain

enlarged

but

no

midline

shift

has

occurred


Figure 2: (a) Transverse section of Helleborus niger – ground plan. AC: Air-chamber, Fi: Fissue in the periderm, IC: Inner cortex, Pe: Periderm, Pi: Pith, Ph: Pholeum, X: Xyleum. (b) Transverse section of Helleborus niger – A sector enlarged. AC: Air-chamber, Fi: Fissue in the periderm, IC: Inner cortex, Pe: Periderm, Ph: Pholeum, X: Xyleum. (c) Transverse section of Helleborus niger – periderm zone and xylem cylinder. Ep: Epidermis, Fi: Fissue, Pe: Periderm, Ve: Vessels, XFi: Xylem fibers

Figure

a

Transverse

section

of

Helleborus

niger

ground

plan

AC

Air

chamber

Fi

Fissue

in

the

periderm

IC

Inner

cortex

Pe

Periderm

Pi

Pith

Ph

Pholeum

X

Xyleum

b

Transverse

section

of

Helleborus

niger

A

sector

enlarged

AC

Air

chamber

Fi

Fissue

in

the

periderm

IC

Inner

cortex

Pe

Periderm

Ph

Pholeum

X

Xyleum

c

Transverse

section

of

Helleborus

niger

periderm

zone

and

xylem

cylinder

Ep

Epidermis

Fi

Fissue

Pe

Periderm

Ve

Vessels

XFi

Xylem

fibers


Figure 3. Ultrasound and MRI scan of the patient after the biopsy. The ultrasound exam on POD 1 (A) and MRI on POD 3 (B) show no sign of hematoma and ascites.

Figure

Ultrasound

and

MRI

scan

of

the

patient

after

the

biopsy

The

ultrasound

exam

on

POD

A

and

MRI

on

POD

B

show

no

sign

of

hematoma

and

ascites


Figure 2. Evaluation of hepatic steatosis using unenhanced CT scan. (A) Unenhanced transverse CT scan of normal liver shows attenuation value of liver parenchyma is 57 HU, slightly higher than that of spleen parenchyma of 48 HU. Calculated CTL-S is 9. (B) Unenhanced transverse CT scan of fatty liver shows attenuation value of liver parenchyma is -6 HU, lower than that of spleen parenchyma of 51 HU. Calculated CTL-S is -57, indicating the presence of moderate to severe degree hepatic steatosis. CT, computed tomography. A B

Figure

Evaluation

of

hepatic

steatosis

using

unenhanced

CT

scan

A

Unenhanced

transverse

CT

scan

of

normal

liver

shows

attenuation

value

of

liver

parenchyma

is

HU

slightly

higher

than

that

of

spleen

parenchyma

of

HU

Calculated

CTL

S

is

B

Unenhanced

transverse

CT

scan

of

fatty

liver

shows

attenuation

value

of

liver

parenchyma

is

HU

lower

than

that

of

spleen

parenchyma

of

HU

Calculated

CTL

S

is

indicating

the

presence

of

moderate

to

severe

degree

hepatic

steatosis

CT

computed

tomography

A

B


Fig. 2 a–c Abdominal MRI (December 5, 2011) confirming the presence of fatty liver lesion; on a–b is shown a signal drop on T1w in phase and opposed phase, respectively, suspected for steatotic adenoma. Lesion appears with internediate signal intensity on T2w image (c)

Fig

a

c

Abdominal

MRI

December

confirming

the

presence

of

fatty

liver

lesion

on

a

b

is

shown

a

signal

drop

on

in

phase

and

opposed

phase

respectively

suspected

for

steatotic

adenoma

Lesion

appears

with

internediate

signal

intensity

on

image

c


Fig. 3. (A) Low-dose electron micrographs of native tubular membranes from Rb.sphaeroides. Samples were negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate. Bar ϭ 100 nm for all the tubes. (B) Fourier transform of one tube from digitized scan. The arrow indicates the resolution at 25 Å. (C) Filtered image from masked Fourier transform of electron micrograph. Bar ϭ 200 Å.

Fig

A

Low

dose

electron

micrographs

of

native

tubular

membranes

from

Rb.sphaeroides

Samples

were

negatively

stained

with

uranyl

acetate

Bar

ϭ

nm

for

all

the

tubes

B

Fourier

transform

of

one

tube

from

digitized

scan

The

arrow

indicates

the

resolution

at

Å.

C

Filtered

image

from

masked

Fourier

transform

of

electron

micrograph

Bar

ϭ

Å.


Fig. 3. Immunofluorescence analysis of CLDN19 protein localization in the kidney. Cryostat sagittal sections (10 m) from WT mouse kidneys (A) (Right, high magnification) show CLDN19 localization in the TJs of TAL tubules in the corticomedullary rays (CMR). In CLDN16 KD mouse kidneys, CLDN19 staining is completely lost in TJs of the TAL (B). A strong intracellular background is seen in both WT and CLDN16 KD specimens. In CLDN19 KD mouse kidneys, CLDN19 staining disappears from both intracellular and junctional areas in the TAL (C).

Fig

Immunofluorescence

analysis

of

protein

localization

in

the

kidney

Cryostat

sagittal

sections

m

from

WT

mouse

kidneys

A

Right

high

magnification

show

localization

in

the

TJs

of

TAL

tubules

in

the

corticomedullary

rays

CMR

In

KD

mouse

kidneys

staining

is

completely

lost

in

TJs

of

the

TAL

B

A

strong

intracellular

background

is

seen

in

both

WT

and

KD

specimens

In

KD

mouse

kidneys

staining

disappears

from

both

intracellular

and

junctional

areas

in

the

TAL

C


Fig. 5. Ptc is required for Hh-promoted Sxl nuclear entry. (A-F) Sxl nuclear levels are reduced in ptc -clones: (A-C) ptc 16 clones as marked by En expression (red, A) show decreased nuclear Sxl (green, B); merged image (C). Arrowhead marks where Sxl is nuclear between ptc negative clones. Scale bar: 20 µm. (D-F) ptc S2 clones marked by lack of β-gal expression (red, D) show decreased nuclear Sxl (green, panel E); merged image (F). Arrowhead marks where nuclear Sxl is absent between ptc negative clones with this amorphic allele that is capable of binding to Hh. (G-I) PtcD584N expressed in dorsal compartment of wing disc using the apterousGAL4 driver. Full-length Ci (red, G) and Sxl (green, H) and merged image (I). Note the weak signal of Sxl in the anterior dorsal compartment in both the wing pouch as well as notum because of decreased nuclear levels of the protein. Arrowhead points to the AP and dorsal/ventral boundary meeting point. The arrow indicates the overgrowth of disc in the anterior compartment as a result of the dominant negative effect of the PtcD584N protein. Scale bar: 40 µm. (J-L) ptc 16 clones in a hh MRT background stained for Ci (J), Sxl (K). (L) Merged image of J and K. Image is of the anterior region distant from the AP boundary of an overgrown disc. Large arrowhead marks region of lower Ci levels more posterior to region that has ectopic Hh, which is reported by the presence of fulllength Ci (arrow). Note the brighter punctate signal for Sxl marking higher nuclear levels where there is an increase in levels of full-length Ci. ptc -clones have lowered levels of Ci (some of the clones, which are round, are marked by small arrowheads) because of the induction of en which inhibits Ci transcription. As seen for ptc 16 -only clones, the levels of nuclear Sxl within the clones is lowered. Scale bar: 20 µm. All are confocal images; anterior is to the left, ventral at the top.

Fig

Ptc

is

required

for

Hh

promoted

Sxl

nuclear

entry

A

F

Sxl

nuclear

levels

are

reduced

in

ptc

-clones

A

C

ptc

clones

as

marked

by

En

expression

red

A

show

decreased

nuclear

Sxl

green

B

merged

image

C

Arrowhead

marks

where

Sxl

is

nuclear

between

ptc

negative

clones

Scale

bar

µm

D

F

ptc

clones

marked

by

lack

of

β

gal

expression

red

D

show

decreased

nuclear

Sxl

green

panel

E

merged

image

F

Arrowhead

marks

where

nuclear

Sxl

is

absent

between

ptc

negative

clones

with

this

amorphic

allele

that

is

capable

of

binding

to

Hh

G

I

expressed

in

dorsal

compartment

of

wing

disc

using

the

driver

Full

length

Ci

red

G

and

Sxl

green

H

and

merged

image

I

Note

the

weak

signal

of

Sxl

in

the

anterior

dorsal

compartment

in

both

the

wing

pouch

as

well

as

notum

because

of

decreased

nuclear

levels

of

the

protein

Arrowhead

points

to

the

AP

and

dorsal

ventral

boundary

meeting

point

The

arrow

indicates

the

overgrowth

of

disc

in

the

anterior

compartment

as

a

result

of

the

dominant

negative

effect

of

the

protein

Scale

bar

µm

J

L

ptc

clones

in

a

hh

MRT

background

stained

for

Ci

J

Sxl

K

L

Merged

image

of

J

and

K.

Image

is

of

the

anterior

region

distant

from

the

AP

boundary

of

an

overgrown

disc

Large

arrowhead

marks

region

of

lower

Ci

levels

more

posterior

to

region

that

has

ectopic

Hh

which

is

reported

by

the

presence

of

fulllength

Ci

arrow

Note

the

brighter

punctate

signal

for

Sxl

marking

higher

nuclear

levels

where

there

is

an

increase

in

levels

of

full

length

Ci

ptc

-clones

have

lowered

levels

of

Ci

some

of

the

clones

which

are

round

are

marked

by

small

arrowheads

because

of

the

induction

of

en

which

inhibits

Ci

transcription

As

seen

for

ptc

-only

clones

the

levels

of

nuclear

Sxl

within

the

clones

is

lowered

Scale

bar

µm

All

are

confocal

images

anterior

is

to

the

left

ventral

at

the

top


Figure 5. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) and fundus images from a supposedly healthy subject (male, 51 years old) with discrete focal lesions in the brain without visible or detectable ocular manifestations. TOP: MRI images showing mild to moderate white matter (WM) disease in the MRI image. The images show discrete focal lesions in anterior and posterior WM, focal confluence in posterior WM, and periventricular caps. BOTTOM: Fundus images annotated (see black arrows) showing arterio-venous crossings. The arterio-venous crossings are frequent in the average healthy population. (Image Courtesy of Valia Rodriguez at Aston University, personal communication).

Figure

Magnetic

resonance

images

MRI

and

fundus

images

from

a

supposedly

healthy

subject

male

years

old

with

discrete

focal

lesions

in

the

brain

without

visible

or

detectable

ocular

manifestations

TOP

MRI

images

showing

mild

to

moderate

white

matter

WM

disease

in

the

MRI

image

The

images

show

discrete

focal

lesions

in

anterior

and

posterior

WM

focal

confluence

in

posterior

WM

and

periventricular

caps

BOTTOM

Fundus

images

annotated

see

black

arrows

showing

arterio

venous

crossings

The

arterio

venous

crossings

are

frequent

in

the

average

healthy

population

Image

Courtesy

of

Valia

Rodriguez

at

Aston

University

personal

communication


FIGURE 10 | Postnatal morphological changes in the mouse intersphenoidal synchondroses. Representative sagittal sections through the ISS at P21 (A), P28 (B), P76 (C) stained using hematoxylin, eosin (20x magnification). The hypertrophic (Hz) zone appears narrower by P28, and by P76 few hypertrophic cells can be distinguished. Mineralized tissue from the ectocranial surface of the caudal and rostral margins can be seen extending toward each other from P21 to P28 (filled arrowheads) and have bridged the ISS by P76.

FIGURE

Postnatal

morphological

changes

in

the

mouse

intersphenoidal

synchondroses

Representative

sagittal

sections

through

the

ISS

at

A

B

C

stained

using

hematoxylin

eosin

magnification

The

hypertrophic

Hz

zone

appears

narrower

by

and

by

few

hypertrophic

cells

can

be

distinguished

Mineralized

tissue

from

the

ectocranial

surface

of

the

caudal

and

rostral

margins

can

be

seen

extending

toward

each

other

from

to

filled

arrowheads

and

have

bridged

the

ISS

by


Fig. 3. Prediction of the invasion depth of the detected lesion by magnifying narrow-band imaging. (A) The lesion shows a capillary pattern characterized by a blind ending, lack of uniformity, and curtailed irregularly, which is similar to the Sano IIIA pattern. This lesion was confirmed as being an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma. (B) The slightly depressed center of the lesion shows loose vessel areas and an amorphous surface pattern. This lesion was confirmed as being a deep submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma.

Fig

Prediction

of

the

invasion

depth

of

the

detected

lesion

by

magnifying

narrow

band

imaging

A

The

lesion

shows

a

capillary

pattern

characterized

by

a

blind

ending

lack

of

uniformity

and

curtailed

irregularly

which

is

similar

to

the

Sano

IIIA

pattern

This

lesion

was

confirmed

as

being

an

intraepithelial

adenocarcinoma

B

The

slightly

depressed

center

of

the

lesion

shows

loose

vessel

areas

and

an

amorphous

surface

pattern

This

lesion

was

confirmed

as

being

a

deep

submucosal

invasive

adenocarcinoma


Fig 7. Papillary carcinoma in a 25 year old male presented with a palpable nodule in the right lobe. Transverse US image (a) showed a large hypoechoic nodule with multiple micro and macro calcifications and mild internal vascularity (b). FNA performed confirmed a papillary carcinoma.

Fig

Papillary

carcinoma

in

a

year

old

male

presented

with

a

palpable

nodule

in

the

right

lobe

Transverse

US

image

a

showed

a

large

hypoechoic

nodule

with

multiple

micro

and

macro

calcifications

and

mild

internal

vascularity

b

FNA

performed

confirmed

a

papillary

carcinoma


Figure 1. From the left, axial CT, fused PET/CT, and PET images of a false negative was found at histology in a left inguino-femoral LN. CT=computed tomography, FD tomographic.

Figure

From

the

left

axial

CT

fused

PET

CT

and

PET

images

of

a

false

negative

was

found

at

histology

in

a

left

inguino

femoral

LN

CT

computed

tomography

FD

tomographic


Figure 1. (A) A plain abdominal radiograph showing the ileus. (B) The round defect was revealed with amidotrizoate sodium meglumine injected through an ileus tube (black arrows). (C) The round structure, with an acoustic shadow of 42 mm in diameter (white arrows). (D) The round structure in the distal ileum contrasted with amidotrizoate sodium meglumine (black arrows).

Figure

A

A

plain

abdominal

radiograph

showing

the

ileus

B

The

round

defect

was

revealed

with

amidotrizoate

sodium

meglumine

injected

through

an

ileus

tube

black

arrows

C

The

round

structure

with

an

acoustic

shadow

of

mm

in

diameter

white

arrows

D

The

round

structure

in

the

distal

ileum

contrasted

with

amidotrizoate

sodium

meglumine

black

arrows


FIGURE 2 - Echocardiogram: A – Parasternal long axis view (still image): thickened left ventricular walls, dilated left atrium and small pericardial effusion. B – Speckle tracking longitudinal strain traces and bull’s eye, with typical “apical sparing” pattern. C - Transmitral flow pulsed wave Doppler showing a restrictive pattern. D - Tissue Doppler with low e’ and high E/e’ ratio, suggestive of high left atrial pressures.

FIGURE

Echocardiogram

A

Parasternal

long

axis

view

still

image

thickened

left

ventricular

walls

dilated

left

atrium

and

small

pericardial

effusion

B

Speckle

tracking

longitudinal

strain

traces

and

bull

’s

eye

with

typical

apical

sparing

pattern

C

Transmitral

flow

pulsed

wave

Doppler

showing

a

restrictive

pattern

D

Tissue

Doppler

with

low

e

and

high

E

e

ratio

suggestive

of

high

left

atrial

pressures


Fig. 5. Treatment outcome of unilateral RB after PBT. Fundoscopic examination of a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with RB in the right eye. (A) Pre-PBT: endophytic mass obscuring the posterior pole with two satellite masses. (B) During PBT: following the delivery of 2340 cGy, the main mass at the posterior pole has partially regressed, whereas the smaller seeding masses have slightly increased in size. (C) Two weeks after PBT: the main mass has regressed while the seeding masses have remained stable. (D) Three months after PBT: masses have overall remained stable. (E) MRI findings before (left) and after (right) PBT: a lobulated contoured intraocular mass of the right orbit, present before PBT, absent after PBT. RB, retinoblastoma; PBT, proton beam therapy.

Fig

Treatment

outcome

of

unilateral

RB

after

PBT

Fundoscopic

examination

of

a

old

boy

diagnosed

with

RB

in

the

right

eye

A

Pre

PBT

endophytic

mass

obscuring

the

posterior

pole

with

two

satellite

masses

B

During

PBT

following

the

delivery

of

cGy

the

main

mass

at

the

posterior

pole

has

partially

regressed

whereas

the

smaller

seeding

masses

have

slightly

increased

in

size

C

Two

weeks

after

PBT

the

main

mass

has

regressed

while

the

seeding

masses

have

remained

stable

D

Three

months

after

PBT

masses

have

overall

remained

stable

E

MRI

findings

before

left

and

after

right

PBT

a

lobulated

contoured

intraocular

mass

of

the

right

orbit

present

before

PBT

absent

after

PBT

RB

retinoblastoma

PBT

proton

beam

therapy


Figure 1. Pre-operative CT angiography of the thoracic aorta. (A) Between the origins of the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries (LSCA), there was a 3.7 × 4.4 × 5.2 cm aneurysm directed towards the left, inferiorly and posteriorly. A second 4.3 cm saccular aneurysm arose from left lateral wall of the descending thoracic aorta. (B) The presence of peri-aneurysmal fluid, left hemothorax, and hemopericardium as well as his clinical presentation, confirmed relatively acute contained rupture (Figure 1B).

Figure

Pre

operative

CT

angiography

of

the

thoracic

aorta

A

Between

the

origins

of

the

left

common

carotid

and

left

subclavian

arteries

LSCA

there

was

a

cm

aneurysm

directed

towards

the

left

inferiorly

and

posteriorly

A

second

cm

saccular

aneurysm

arose

from

left

lateral

wall

of

the

descending

thoracic

aorta

B

The

presence

of

peri

aneurysmal

fluid

left

hemothorax

and

hemopericardium

as

well

as

his

clinical

presentation

confirmed

relatively

acute

contained

rupture

Figure


Figure 1. (A) Computed tomography image of the chest (transverse plane) showing the tumor extending from the chest wall and the right upper lobe (blue arrowheads) to the pulmonary vein and the left atrium (blue arrows). (B) Gross image of the excised thoracic component of the tumor (including chest wall, ribs, and pulmonary right upper lobe).

Figure

A

Computed

tomography

image

of

the

chest

transverse

plane

showing

the

tumor

extending

from

the

chest

wall

and

the

right

upper

lobe

blue

arrowheads

to

the

pulmonary

vein

and

the

left

atrium

blue

arrows

B

Gross

image

of

the

excised

thoracic

component

of

the

tumor

including

chest

wall

ribs

and

pulmonary

right

upper

lobe


Figure 2 | Illustration of chronic window implants for awake imaging in adolescent and adult mice. (a,b) Images of a 3-mm cranial window implant over the primary visual cortex (V1) of an adolescent mouse, taken on the day of surgery (a; P22; anesthetized) and 4 d later (b; awake and head-restrained). (c–i) Images of a 3-mm cranial window implant at a very posterior and lateral location in an adult mouse. (c) Skull outline of proposed craniotomy, extending laterally to the squamosal bone. (d) Image of the exposed brain submerged in sterile saline immediately after the craniotomy. (e) The implant appears clear and the brain appears healthy immediately after initial cranial window implant (day 0). Black arrow denotes the intersection of the transverse sinus and the caudal rhinal vein. (f) Image of the same implant as in e, but 117 d later, illustrating sustained window clarity. (g,h) Images before (g) and after (h) showing a demonstration of cranial window removal in the same mouse, 124 d after initial window implant. (i) Image demonstrating window clarity, 51 d after window replacement (Fig. 10). Experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Harvard Medical School (HMS; a,b) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC; c–i). Scale bars, 1 mm.

Figure

Illustration

of

chronic

window

implants

for

awake

imaging

in

adolescent

and

adult

mice

a

b

Images

of

a

cranial

window

implant

over

the

primary

visual

cortex

of

an

adolescent

mouse

taken

on

the

day

of

surgery

a

anesthetized

and

d

later

b

awake

and

head

restrained

c

i

Images

of

a

cranial

window

implant

at

a

very

posterior

and

lateral

location

in

an

adult

mouse

c

Skull

outline

of

proposed

craniotomy

extending

laterally

to

the

squamosal

bone

d

Image

of

the

exposed

brain

submerged

in

sterile

saline

immediately

after

the

craniotomy

e

The

implant

appears

clear

and

the

brain

appears

healthy

immediately

after

initial

cranial

window

implant

day

Black

arrow

denotes

the

intersection

of

the

transverse

sinus

and

the

caudal

rhinal

vein

f

Image

of

the

same

implant

as

in

e

but

d

later

illustrating

sustained

window

clarity

g

h

Images

before

g

and

after

h

showing

a

demonstration

of

cranial

window

removal

in

the

same

mouse

d

after

initial

window

implant

i

Image

demonstrating

window

clarity

d

after

window

replacement

Fig

Experiments

were

approved

by

the

Institutional

Animal

Care

and

Use

Committee

IACUC

at

Harvard

Medical

School

HMS

a

b

and

Beth

Israel

Deaconess

Medical

Center

BIDMC

c

i

Scale

bars

mm


Figure 2. a, b) CT showed left renal arteriovenous fistula (black arrows) in a 43-year-old male after percutaneous nephrolithotomy; c, d) DSA showed AVF (white arrows), and AVF was closed with NBCA-Lipiodol mixture; e) angiograms showed no pathologic picture immediately after embolization.

Figure

a

b

CT

showed

left

renal

arteriovenous

fistula

black

arrows

in

a

old

male

after

percutaneous

nephrolithotomy

c

d

DSA

showed

AVF

white

arrows

and

AVF

was

closed

with

NBCA

Lipiodol

mixture

e

angiograms

showed

no

pathologic

picture

immediately

after

embolization


Fig 1. Overview of AC-maps, cardiac PET data and polar plots. Attenuation correction (AC) maps based on Dixon-VIBE sequence (a), the extended Dixon-VIBE sequence additionally using HUGE truncation correction and bone information (b), and the extended Dixon-VIBE sequence additionally using PET-based MLAA information (c). Red arrows depict differences between Dixon-VIBE only AC and improved AC-maps using HUGE, bone segmentation, and MLAA, respectively (b, c). Patient example studied in the fasted state (d-f) and patient example studied with a viability protocol (g-i) are shown. PET/MR fusion image (d, g) and PET short axis view (e, h) of the heart. A 17-segment polar plot (f, i) of the short-axis of the left ventricle was generated for each patient and each PET data reconstruction to evaluate the quantitative effect of improved AC on cardiac PET imaging. Numbers 1–17 are assigned to the 17 individual cardiac segments according to the American Heart Association standard for cardiac polar plots.

Fig

Overview

of

AC

maps

cardiac

PET

data

and

polar

plots

Attenuation

correction

AC

maps

based

on

Dixon

VIBE

sequence

a

the

extended

Dixon

VIBE

sequence

additionally

using

HUGE

truncation

correction

and

bone

information

b

and

the

extended

Dixon

VIBE

sequence

additionally

using

PET

based

MLAA

information

c

Red

arrows

depict

differences

between

Dixon

VIBE

only

AC

and

improved

AC

maps

using

HUGE

bone

segmentation

and

MLAA

respectively

b

c

Patient

example

studied

in

the

fasted

state

d

f

and

patient

example

studied

with

a

viability

protocol

g

i

are

shown

PET

MR

fusion

image

d

g

and

PET

short

axis

view

e

h

of

the

heart

A

polar

plot

f

i

of

the

short

axis

of

the

left

ventricle

was

generated

for

each

patient

and

each

PET

data

reconstruction

to

evaluate

the

quantitative

effect

of

improved

AC

on

cardiac

PET

imaging

Numbers

are

assigned

to

the

individual

cardiac

segments

according

to

the

American

Heart

Association

standard

for

cardiac

polar

plots


Figure 5. (A) Cranial ultrasound shows enlarged lateral ventricles. (B) Axial images show triventricular hydrocephalus, cyst-like inclusions (yellow arrow), cortical dysplasia, occipital polymicrogyria, white matter hyperintensity (transependymal transudation localized in the posterior horn of lateral ventricles) (white arrows).

Figure

A

Cranial

ultrasound

shows

enlarged

lateral

ventricles

B

Axial

images

show

triventricular

hydrocephalus

cyst

like

inclusions

yellow

arrow

cortical

dysplasia

occipital

polymicrogyria

white

matter

hyperintensity

transependymal

transudation

localized

in

the

posterior

horn

of

lateral

ventricles

white

arrows


Figure 1. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) findings. Hypermetabolic focus in the right nasopharynx (A) and hypopharynx (C). (B, D) CT without corresponding abnormalities. (E, F) Enlarged cervical nodes in left level II.

Figure

Positron

emission

tomography

computed

tomography

CT

findings

Hypermetabolic

focus

in

the

right

nasopharynx

A

and

hypopharynx

C

B

D

CT

without

corresponding

abnormalities

E

F

Enlarged

cervical

nodes

in

left

level

II


Figure 2. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans before and after gemcitabine plus vinorelbine therapy. Abdominal CT scan before gemcitabine plus vinorelbine chemotherapy showed a soft-tissue tumor near the left adrenal gland (A), and a lymphadenopathy on the dorsal side of the inferior vena cava (B). CT scan after eight cycles of the chemotherapy showed a reduction of the current tumors (C and D).

Figure

Abdominal

computed

tomography

CT

scans

before

and

after

gemcitabine

plus

vinorelbine

therapy

Abdominal

CT

scan

before

gemcitabine

plus

vinorelbine

chemotherapy

showed

a

soft

tissue

tumor

near

the

left

adrenal

gland

A

and

a

lymphadenopathy

on

the

dorsal

side

of

the

inferior

vena

cava

B

CT

scan

after

eight

cycles

of

the

chemotherapy

showed

a

reduction

of

the

current

tumors

C

and

D